高考英语二轮复习语法填空指导-“三思”巧定谓语动词（含答案）
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习语法填空指导-“三思”巧定谓语动词（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-25 10:46:11 | ||
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专攻解题方法与技巧
语法填空指导-“三思”巧定谓语动词
动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词的有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空中得高分的关键。动词的变化形式比较多，有谓语形式的变化和非谓语形式的变化。谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词，主要包括实义动词和动词短语。一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句或复合句，则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。
一思“时态”
思维趋向1 时间状语
(带★号为常考时态)
时态 时间状语
一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等
★一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等
一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等
现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等
★现在完成时 since＋时间点，in/over the past ... years, in recent years, for＋时间段， so far等
过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
[典例] (2022·全国甲卷)
In the last five years, Cao ______ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合时间状语“In the last five years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。此外，主语Cao与walk是主谓关系且是第三人称单数，故助动词用has。故填has walked。
思维趋向2 平行关系
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
[典例] (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态。再结合空后的平行关系词and可知，需要填的动词时态与started要保持一致，用一般过去时。故填threw。
思维趋向3 常用句式
(带★号为常考句式)
(1)★was/were doing ... when ...＋一般过去时
(2)was/were about to do ... when ...＋一般过去时
(3)★it is the＋序数词＋time＋that ...＋现在完成时
(4)★it was the＋序数词＋time＋that ...＋过去完成时
(5)No sooner had＋主语＋done ... than＋一般过去时
(6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done ... when＋一般过去时
(7)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时
[典例] (2022·泰安一模)
It's the first time that the crew ________ (exit) the station since their arrival on October 16. Shortly after stepping out of the space station's cabin on Sunday, Wang waved to audiences on Earth and said she felt great, in a video released by the flight control center.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合常考句式“it's the first time that ...”可知，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时态。此外，从句中的主语crew是复数(根据句中their判断)，且与动词exit是主谓关系，故用现在完成时的主动语态。故填have exited。
思维趋向4 语境暗示
在时间状语、平行关系和常用句式等都不明显的情况下，还可以根据上句或下句的语境暗示做出恰当的时态判断。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work.”
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态。根据下文中had和said，可知，需要填的动词时态是一般过去时。故填declared。
再思“语态”
确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是动作的执行者，则用主动语态；若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
语态构成(带★号为常考语态)
被动语态 语态构成
★一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词
★一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词
一般将来时 will be＋过去分词
★现在完成时 has/have been＋过去分词
过去完成时 had been＋过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are being＋过去分词
[典例] (2022·浙江1月高考)
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — ________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，因此也可以用现在完成时。此处为动名词短语作主语，且空处与主语之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
三思“主谓一致”
考生答题时不仅要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态，还要时刻牢记主谓一致，这也是高考考查的重要一环。
“主谓一致”三原则(带★号为重要考点)
项目 主语 谓语动词
★语法一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)或动词不定式、主语从句，the number of＋复数可数名词 单数
复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数
名词 复数
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致
意义一致 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数
“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数
就近一致 neither ... nor ..., either ... or ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ...等连接的主语；“here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致
[典例1] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。首先，根据“previously (以前地)”可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时。然后，结合先行词为a significant number of areas可知，先行词与从句谓语动词应遵循主谓一致中的语法一致原则，即a significant number of areas作主语时，谓语动词用复数。故填were。
[典例2] Not only Jasper but also his friends ______ (be) planning to go, because they have never been there before.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。结合句子结构“not only ...but also”可知，该处的谓语动词应遵循主谓一致中的就近一致原则。邻近的主语his friends 是复数，故谓语动词用复数。根据后面从句中谓语动词have never been 可知，该题应用一般现在时，故应填are。
[随堂应用体验]
(2022·潍坊二模)For the first time at the National Gallery of Art, works of art are being conserved in the galleries, in full view of the public rather than behind the scenes in a conservation laboratory. Six marble (大理石) sculptures, __1__ (carve) in the 17th and 18th centuries by some of the greatest sculptors __2__ worked in France, will receive conservation treatment.
The conservators will be removing dust and dirt accumulated (积聚) on the sculptures over __3__ (decade) of display. Both previous restorations __4__ joints between the original marble blocks that have discolored will be replaced by a more __5__ (close) marble-like material.
In addition to providing visitors with a rare insight into the world of art conservation, __6__ (conduct) the treatments in the original place allows the sculptures to be treated in the same __7__ (nature) light in which they __8__ (exhibit) currently. The conservators can also continually refer to the other statues, ensuring an overall sense of visual harmony. Finally, conserving these large and fragile works of art in place minimizes __9__ (they) risks of being damaged.
In total, this work will take about one year. A live video displayed near the sculpture will provide __10__ close-up view of the conservation work in progress.
语篇解读：本文是说明文，介绍了六座大理石雕塑将在大众的视野中接受保护处理。
1．carved 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语，“marble (大理石) sculptures”与carve之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。
2．that/who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词sculptors是人，故用关系代词that/who。
3．decades 考查名词复数。decade是可数名词，前面无限定词，故用其复数形式。
4．and 考查连词。both ... and ...是固定搭配，意为“两个都……”。
5．closely 考查副词。“marble-like”是形容词，意为“似大理石的”，故用副词closely修饰。
6．conducting 考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少主语，空处应用动名词形式作主语，表示一般性的动作，故填conducting。
7．natural 考查形容词。空后是名词light，应用形容词修饰名词。
8．are (being) exhibited 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。they指代 sculptures, sculptures应是被展出，且由currently可知，句子应用现在进行时或一般现在时的被动语态，故填 are (being) exhibited。
9．their 考查代词。risks和空处之间是所属关系，故用形容词性物主代词。
10．a 考查冠词。view意为“观看”，是可数名词，且此处表泛指，前面需加不定冠词。close-up的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
语法填空指导-“三思”巧定谓语动词
动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词的有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空中得高分的关键。动词的变化形式比较多，有谓语形式的变化和非谓语形式的变化。谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词，主要包括实义动词和动词短语。一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句或复合句，则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。
一思“时态”
思维趋向1 时间状语
(带★号为常考时态)
时态 时间状语
一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等
★一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等
一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等
现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等
★现在完成时 since＋时间点，in/over the past ... years, in recent years, for＋时间段， so far等
过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
[典例] (2022·全国甲卷)
In the last five years, Cao ______ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合时间状语“In the last five years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。此外，主语Cao与walk是主谓关系且是第三人称单数，故助动词用has。故填has walked。
思维趋向2 平行关系
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
[典例] (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态。再结合空后的平行关系词and可知，需要填的动词时态与started要保持一致，用一般过去时。故填threw。
思维趋向3 常用句式
(带★号为常考句式)
(1)★was/were doing ... when ...＋一般过去时
(2)was/were about to do ... when ...＋一般过去时
(3)★it is the＋序数词＋time＋that ...＋现在完成时
(4)★it was the＋序数词＋time＋that ...＋过去完成时
(5)No sooner had＋主语＋done ... than＋一般过去时
(6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done ... when＋一般过去时
(7)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时
[典例] (2022·泰安一模)
It's the first time that the crew ________ (exit) the station since their arrival on October 16. Shortly after stepping out of the space station's cabin on Sunday, Wang waved to audiences on Earth and said she felt great, in a video released by the flight control center.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合常考句式“it's the first time that ...”可知，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时态。此外，从句中的主语crew是复数(根据句中their判断)，且与动词exit是主谓关系，故用现在完成时的主动语态。故填have exited。
思维趋向4 语境暗示
在时间状语、平行关系和常用句式等都不明显的情况下，还可以根据上句或下句的语境暗示做出恰当的时态判断。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work.”
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态。根据下文中had和said，可知，需要填的动词时态是一般过去时。故填declared。
再思“语态”
确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是动作的执行者，则用主动语态；若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
语态构成(带★号为常考语态)
被动语态 语态构成
★一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词
★一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词
一般将来时 will be＋过去分词
★现在完成时 has/have been＋过去分词
过去完成时 had been＋过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are being＋过去分词
[典例] (2022·浙江1月高考)
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — ________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，因此也可以用现在完成时。此处为动名词短语作主语，且空处与主语之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
三思“主谓一致”
考生答题时不仅要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态，还要时刻牢记主谓一致，这也是高考考查的重要一环。
“主谓一致”三原则(带★号为重要考点)
项目 主语 谓语动词
★语法一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)或动词不定式、主语从句，the number of＋复数可数名词 单数
复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数
名词 复数
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致
意义一致 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数
“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数
就近一致 neither ... nor ..., either ... or ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ...等连接的主语；“here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致
[典例1] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。首先，根据“previously (以前地)”可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时。然后，结合先行词为a significant number of areas可知，先行词与从句谓语动词应遵循主谓一致中的语法一致原则，即a significant number of areas作主语时，谓语动词用复数。故填were。
[典例2] Not only Jasper but also his friends ______ (be) planning to go, because they have never been there before.
解题思路：根据句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。结合句子结构“not only ...but also”可知，该处的谓语动词应遵循主谓一致中的就近一致原则。邻近的主语his friends 是复数，故谓语动词用复数。根据后面从句中谓语动词have never been 可知，该题应用一般现在时，故应填are。
[随堂应用体验]
(2022·潍坊二模)For the first time at the National Gallery of Art, works of art are being conserved in the galleries, in full view of the public rather than behind the scenes in a conservation laboratory. Six marble (大理石) sculptures, __1__ (carve) in the 17th and 18th centuries by some of the greatest sculptors __2__ worked in France, will receive conservation treatment.
The conservators will be removing dust and dirt accumulated (积聚) on the sculptures over __3__ (decade) of display. Both previous restorations __4__ joints between the original marble blocks that have discolored will be replaced by a more __5__ (close) marble-like material.
In addition to providing visitors with a rare insight into the world of art conservation, __6__ (conduct) the treatments in the original place allows the sculptures to be treated in the same __7__ (nature) light in which they __8__ (exhibit) currently. The conservators can also continually refer to the other statues, ensuring an overall sense of visual harmony. Finally, conserving these large and fragile works of art in place minimizes __9__ (they) risks of being damaged.
In total, this work will take about one year. A live video displayed near the sculpture will provide __10__ close-up view of the conservation work in progress.
语篇解读：本文是说明文，介绍了六座大理石雕塑将在大众的视野中接受保护处理。
1．carved 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语，“marble (大理石) sculptures”与carve之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。
2．that/who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词sculptors是人，故用关系代词that/who。
3．decades 考查名词复数。decade是可数名词，前面无限定词，故用其复数形式。
4．and 考查连词。both ... and ...是固定搭配，意为“两个都……”。
5．closely 考查副词。“marble-like”是形容词，意为“似大理石的”，故用副词closely修饰。
6．conducting 考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少主语，空处应用动名词形式作主语，表示一般性的动作，故填conducting。
7．natural 考查形容词。空后是名词light，应用形容词修饰名词。
8．are (being) exhibited 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。they指代 sculptures, sculptures应是被展出，且由currently可知，句子应用现在进行时或一般现在时的被动语态，故填 are (being) exhibited。
9．their 考查代词。risks和空处之间是所属关系，故用形容词性物主代词。
10．a 考查冠词。view意为“观看”，是可数名词，且此处表泛指，前面需加不定冠词。close-up的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。