2023届高考英语七选五题型 真题+模拟演练15篇（解析版）

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2023届高考英语七选五真题+模拟演练15篇（解析版）
七选五解题技巧
题型解读
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读七选五解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的语言片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的“积句成章，积章成篇”就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词、逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
应试技巧
技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空格前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...that如此……以至于等。
技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。
表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而，nevertheless仍然、然而、不过，nonetheless尽管如此、依然、然而，still还、然而，though可是、不过、然而，yet然而，in spite of不顾、不管，at any rate无论如何、至少，in any case无论如何、不管怎样，whoever无论是谁，whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反，in contrast与此相反、相比之下，by contrast相反、相比之下，in comparison比较起来、比较地，by comparison相比之下，conversely相反（地），otherwise否则、除此以外，not...but不是……而是，as well也等。
技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
表示递进关系的连词有：also也、而且，further另外（的），furthermore而且、此外，likewise同样地、照样地、也、又，similarly相似地、类似地，moreover而且再者、此外，in addition另外、加之，what’s more更重要的是，too也、还，either也，neither两者都不，not only...but also不但……而且等。
技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系
表示列举关系的有：first首先、第一、second第二、third第三；firstly第一、首先，secondly第二（点）、其次，thirdly第三；first第一，next其次，then那么、然后；in the first place第一、首先，in the second place第二、其次；for one thing首先、一则，for another thing其次；to begin with首先、第一，to conclude总之等。
技巧六：从词汇线索上判断——代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七：从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
技巧八：从词汇线索上判断——上下义词/同一范畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
技巧九：从试题位置上判断——问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案与空格后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段。
技巧十：从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看与选项能否紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折还是对比关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
真题和模拟演练
一、七选五
（2023·浙江·高考真题）With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. ____1____ But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. ____2____ Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. ____3____ In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. ____4____ Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. ____5____ Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
【答案】1．D 2．G 3．C 4．E 5．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
1．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。
2．根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打折的票。)”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。
3．根据上文“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与前后文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。
4．根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“You might have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。
5．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。
（2022·北京·高考真题）Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____6____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
____7____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____8____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____9____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____10____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A．Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B．Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C．It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D．For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E．If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F．There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G．This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
【答案】6．G 7．B 8．D 9．F 10．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
6．根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
7．根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
8．根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
9．根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
10．根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
（2022·全国·统考高考真题）Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___11___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___12___ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___13___ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___14___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ___15___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A．Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B．Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C．The second draft of the essay should be better.
D．First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F．Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G．Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
【答案】11．D 12．B 13．E 14．F 15．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
11．空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.(当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.(首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
12．空前说“Stay loose and free.(保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.(不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought.(让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
13．空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.(下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.(然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
14．空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.(许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
15．空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.(当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise.(由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.(然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
（2022·全国·高考真题）Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】16．C 17．D 18．B 19．G 20．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
16．根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”以及后文“With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. (有一个锻炼伙伴，你将会努力训练，因为你们之间有一个微妙的竞争)”可知，空处陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由，故选项应与后文是顺承关系，选项C中的“train with someone else”与后文的“With a workout partner”相对应，选项C“You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力)”符合语意。故选C项。
17．根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility (或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性 )”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的，故空处与后文是选择关系，你要知道你锻炼是为了什么。所以选项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗 )”与后文在语意上构成选择关系。故选D项。
18．根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。选项B中的“live close by”与后文的“belong to the same gym”相对应，选项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近)”与下文是顺承关系。故选B项。
19．根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息)”是对上文内容的总结，符合语意。故选G项。
20．根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. (久而久之，你们双方都会受益—你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。你们关系的核心是你们永远在一起互相帮助)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。选项F中的“differences”对应前文的“different skills”，选项中的“work with each other”对应后文的“be there to help each other”，故选项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作)”起到承上启下的作用，符合语意。故选F项。
（2022·全国·高考真题）Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___21___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___22___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___23___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___24___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___25___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】21．D 22．F 23．C 24．G 25．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事项。
21．根据后文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.(知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方。)”可知，此处是指要学习一些用餐礼节以避免在用餐时犯错误，所以选项D“不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误”切合文意。故选D。
22．根据前文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.(当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了。)”可知，此处是讲筷子的摆放方式，所以选项F“不要把它们直立在食物中，也不要在使用时交叉放置”切合文意，选项中的them指的就是本段中的chopsticks。故选F。
23．根据前文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.(在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭。)”可知，此处举例说明几个地方的用餐方式，且根据后文“instead preferring to use their hands(相反更喜欢用手)”可知，此处是指不喜欢用餐具用餐，所以选项C“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”切合文意。故选C。
24．根据小标题“Making Requests”(提出要求)可知，此处是讲在用餐时提出要求，根据后文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这表明你不喜欢厨师的调味技巧。)”可知，后文中的this是指要求额外的调料，所以选项G“吃饭时要盐和胡椒似乎是一个简单的请求”切合文意。故选G。
25．根据后文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可知，此处句式为“the more...,the more...”，且its是指“国家的”，所以此处是指在一个国家待的时间越久，选项B“你在某个国家待的时间越久”切合文意。故选B。
（2022·全国·高考真题）Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___26___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___27___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___28___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· ___29___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___30___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A．Remember important dates
B．Compensate by writing letters
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【答案】26．D 27．E 28．G 29．A 30．F
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
26．根据上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
27．根据上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊）对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
28．根据下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。
29．分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“Remember important dates”（记得重要的日子），所以A项符合题意。故选A项。
30．设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。
（2022·浙江·统考高考真题）I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____31____
Pick the most important.
____32____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ____33____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people in your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
____34____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____35____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A．Speed up.
B．Be an active learner.
C．Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E．The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G．This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【答案】31．F 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．G
【分析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
31．上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
32．根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致，下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。
33．上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.( 许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.( 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
34．空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
35．下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence.( 在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
（2022·浙江·统考高考真题）I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____36____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____37____ And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____38____ You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____39____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. ____40____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A．It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B．But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C．The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D．As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E．You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F．As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G．But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
【答案】36．D 37．B 38．E 39．F 40．G
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
36．根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. (随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故选D项。
37．根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
38．根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后“You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结构一致。故选E项。
39．根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一致，符合语境。故选F项。
40．根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems. (但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带来的写作。故选G项。
（2023·安徽·校联考三模）The key to keep fit and healthy is to eat the right amount of calories so you balance the energy you consume with the energy you use. ____41____. You should also eat a wide range of foods to make sure you’re getting a balanced diet and your body is receiving all the nutrients it needs. The following practical tips can help you make it.
◆Have a good breakfast
____42____ . In fact, this is not the true story. A healthy breakfast high in fibre and low in fat, sugar and salt can form part of a balanced diet, and can help you get the nutrients you need for good health. For example, a wholegrain lower sugar cereal(谷类食物) with semiskimmed milk is a tasty and healthier breakfast.
◆Eat lots of fruit and vegetables
It’s recommended that you eat at least 5 portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables every day. They can be fresh, frozen, canned, dried or juiced. A 150 ml glass of fruit or vegetable juice each day also counts. ___43___.
◆Do not get thirsty
You need to drink plenty of water to stop you getting dehydrated(脱水). Scientists recommend drinking 6 to 8 glasses every day. ____44____. Remember to drink more water during hot weather or while exercising.
◆ ___45___
As well as eating healthily, regular exercise may help reduce your risk of getting serious health conditions. It’s also important for your overall health and well-being. Being overweight or obese can lead to health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, heart disease and stroke.
A．Make yourself be sporty
B．Form a right value of health
C．This doesn’t include the amount you get from the food you eat
D．If you eat or drink more than your body needs, you’ll put on weight
E．You need some in your diet, but pay attention to the amount and type you intake
F．Remember no more than that as these drinks are sugary and can damage your teeth
G．Some people skip their first meals of a day because they think it’ll help them lose weight
【答案】41．D 42．G 43．F 44．C 45．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。保持健康的关键是摄入适量的卡路里，这样你就可以平衡你消耗的能量和使用的能量。本文主要介绍了一些保持健康的实用技巧。
41．根据上文“so you balance the energy you consume with the energy you use (这样你就可以平衡你消耗的能量和使用的能量)”可知，此处是在谈论摄入的能量应与消耗的能量平衡。 D 项“If you eat or drink more than your body needs, you’ll put on weight. (如果你的饮食超过了身体的需要，你的体重就会增加。)”与上文均在讲述平衡饮食，属语意关联。故选D。
42．根据本段小标题“Have a good breakfast (早餐吃得好)”可知，本段是在谈论不仅要吃早餐，而且要吃好。G 项“Some people skip their first meals of a day because they think it’ll help them lose weight. (有些人不吃一天中的第一顿饭，因为他们认为这有助于减肥。)”与本段主旨关联，说明有些人不吃早饭的原因，此外，空后“In fact , this is not the true story.”是对这一错误认识的否定，与 G 项语意吻合。故选G。
43．根据上文“ A 150 ml glass of fruit or vegetable juice each day also counts. (每天一杯150毫升的水果或蔬菜汁也很重要。)”可知，空前说到每天喝水果或蔬菜汁也很重要。 可知，选项说明，水果或蔬菜汁的缺点。故F 项“Remember no more than that as these drinks are sugary and can damage your teeth. (请记住，因为这些饮料是含糖的，会损坏你的牙齿。)切题。此外“150 ml glass of fruit or vegetable juice”与“no more than that”语意与上文关联。故选F。
44．根据上文“You need to drink plenty of water to stop you getting dehydrated(脱水). Scientists recommend drinking 6 to 8 glasses every day. (你需要喝大量的水来防止脱水。科学家建议每天喝6到8杯)”可知，上文是说正常的每天饮水量。 C 项“This doesn’t include the amount you get from the food you eat (这不包括你从吃的食物中得到的量)” 也是在谈论饮水量，语意与上文关联。故选C。
45．根据下文“As well as eating healthily, regular exercise may help reduce your risk of getting serious health conditions. It’s also important for your overall health and well-being. (除了健康饮食外，定期锻炼可能有助于降低患严重健康问题的风险。这对你的整体健康和幸福也很重要。)” 可知，本段主题为经常锻炼，不会肥胖。A 项“Make yourself be sporty (让自己运动起来)”恰好能概况本段主题。故选A。
（2023·江苏镇江·江苏省镇江第一中学统考二模）The human personality is a rather complex and bewildering thing to study. In order to gain a better understanding of the subject, people have attempted to find increasingly reliable ways to measure and classify personalities. _____46_____
Personality tests pose a series of questions or ambiguous images that are meant to help assess the test taker’s personality. Once completed, the collected answers will indicate what “type” of personality the test taker has.
_____47_____ They’re used to assess theories, evaluate the effectiveness of therapies, diagnose psychological problems, examine personality changes, and even screen job candidates. Personality testing has become a multibillion-dollar industry, and it is used by individuals, schools corporations, and even government agencies around the globe.
The majority of the tests that are used by experts today are based on the “Big Five” personality model. This theory suggests that the human personality can be measured across five broad dimensions: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to change. _____48_____ Some even break these dimensions further into smaller “subtraits” or divide the traits differently.
Essentially, the personality tests we use today fall into two categories: self-report inventories and projective tests. The first category typically involves having the test subject read a number of multiple-choice questions or statements and then rating how well the described qualities or characteristics apply to them. The biggest advantage of self-report inventories is that they are standardized and use established norms(准则). _____49_____
The second category involves presenting the test subject with ambiguous scenes, objects, or scenarios(设想) and then asking them to give their interpretations of the test items. These descriptions are then used to assess the individual’s unconscious fears, desires, and challenges. This type of personality test is usually used in psychotherapy settings, where it allows therapists to gather a great deal of information about their clients in a relatively short amount of time. _____50_____ Different people may provide different interpretations of the responses given.
A．However, its subjective nature can be a problem.
B．Nowadays, these tests are conducted for a wide variety of purposes.
C．Personality tests are likely to become a more useful tool for employers.
D．These eventually gave rise to the modern personality tests that we use today.
E．Therefore, they’re easy to carry out and tend to have much higher reliability and validity.
F．Some people have high levels of openness to experience or score high in conscientiousness.
G．Some tests refer to these five dimensions by different labels or focus on one of them more than the others.
【答案】46．D 47．B 48．G 49．E 50．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是现代性格测试的用途、理论基础以及类型。
46．根据第二段的首句“Personality tests pose a series of questions or ambiguous images that are meant to help assess the test taker’s personality.(性格测试提出了一系列问题或模糊的图像，旨在帮助评估测试者的性格。)”可知，此空处应引出本文讲述的话题Personality tests，D选项“These eventually gave rise to the modern personality tests that we use today.(这些最终产生了我们今天使用的现代性格测试。)”引出了本文的话题modern personality tests，同时其中的these指代的内容与空前“In order to gain a better understanding of the subject, people have attempted to find increasingly reliable ways to measure and classify personalities.(为了更好地理解这个主题，人们试图找到越来越可靠的方法来衡量和分类人格。)”中的reliable ways。故选D项。
47．分析篇章结构的特点，此处应为本段的主题句，根据空后的“They’re used to assess theories, evaluate the effectiveness of therapies, diagnose psychological problems, examine personality changes, and even screen job candidates.(它们被用来评估理论，评估治疗的有效性，诊断心理问题，检查性格变化，甚至筛选求职者。)”可知，本段讲述的应为性格测试的目的有关，B选项“Nowadays, these tests are conducted for a wide variety of purposes.(如今，这些测试用于各种目的。)”引出下文的内容，且讲述的与性格测试的目的有关。故选B项。
48．根据空前的“This theory suggests that the human personality can be measured across five broad dimensions: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to change.(该理论表明，人类的个性可以从五个广泛的维度来衡量：外向性、宜人性、尽责性、神经质和对变化的开放性。)”可知，该部分讲述的是人类的性格有五个维度，空后“Some even break these dimensions further into smaller “subtraits” or divide the traits differently.(有些人甚至将这些维度进一步分解为更小的“子特征”或以不同的方式划分特征。)”一些人基于这一理论的做法，尤其是根据even可推断，该空处讲述的与此内容相关，G选项“Some tests refer to these five dimensions by different labels or focus on one of them more than the others.(一些测试通过不同的标签来指代这五个维度，或者比其他维度更关注其中一个维度。)”是对该理论的应用情况的说明，承接空前内容，与空后内容一致。故选G项。
49．根据空前的“The biggest advantage of self-report inventories is that they are standardized and use established norms(准则).(自我报告清单的最大优点是它们是标准化的，并使用既定的规范。)”以及空格处于段尾的特点可知，此处应进一步介绍第一种测试类型的优点，E选项“Therefore, they’re easy to carry out and tend to have much higher reliability and validity.(因此，它们易于执行，并且往往具有更高的可靠性和有效性。)”中的therefore表明此处与空前内容为因果关系，且内容讲述的是第一种测试类型便于操作，且可信度更高，与空前内容一致。故选E项。
50．根据空前的“This type of personality test is usually used in psychotherapy settings, where it allows therapists to gather a great deal of information about their clients in a relatively short amount of time.(这种类型的性格测试通常用于心理治疗环境，它允许治疗师在相对较短的时间内收集有关其客户的大量信息。)”可知，第二种性格测试使用在心理治疗环境中，允许对客户短时间内收集大量的信息，空后“Different people may provide different interpretations of the responses given.(不同的人可能会对给出的回答提供不同的解释。)”说明不同的人做出来的回应不同，由此可推断，此空处进一步解释第二种类型的特点，A选项“However, its subjective nature can be a problem.(但是，它的主观性质可能是一个问题。)”造成的后果与空后内容一致，且与空前内容的逻辑关系合理。故选A项。
（2023·安徽淮南·统考二模）Raising children is limitlessly rewarding but no doubt challenging. Here are some tips for raising a happy, healthy and responsible child.
____51____ Studies find that kids who have televisions in their bedrooms are more likely to be overweight. When a TV is in a child’s bedroom, you have no control over what he’s watching, nor do you have any opportunities for family bonding time—when everyone lies onto the sofa to watch a favorite show.
Get them used to doing chores from a young age. We all know a parent who still makes their high school daughter’s lunch every day. ____52____ By the time your two-year-old begins talking, he’s old enough to start helping around the house.
____53____ If you really want to teach your teen about money, then stop handing over the credit card and the “allowance.” Instead, put your kid on a budget, open a checking account for him or her, and let your teen really learn to manage money. Tell your kid that all clothing, movies, entertainment, fast food, and cell phone bills come out of his or her checking account which you fund. ____54____ Just make sure you also set up a savings account for your teen and insist that at least one third of any savings or money from you be put away.
Imagine the future with your children. ____55____ By age ten, kids are old enough to start looking ahead and figure out the value of an education. Studies find that teens who can imagine themselves with a future are less likely to do those things that destroy a future.
A．Get the TV out of the bedroom.
B．Don’t find yourself in this situation!
C．Teach them how checking accounts work.
D．Start an activity that you can do with your teen.
E．If your son or daughter has a job, then cut back the amount.
F．You reduce the risk that your child will engage in such behavior.
G．It’s never too early to begin talking to your child about his or her future.
【答案】51．A 52．B 53．C 54．E 55．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。养孩子是非常值得的，但是也充满了挑战，作者就如何养育孩子从四个方面给出了建议。
51．根据下文“Studies find that kids who have televisions in their bedrooms are more likely to be overweight. (研究发现，卧室里有电视的孩子更容易超重)”可知，卧室里有电视不利于孩子健康，应该把电视从卧室拿走，与A项“Get the TV out of the bedroom. (把电视从卧室里拿出来)”上下文一致，故选A项。
52．根据前文“Get them used to doing chores from a young age. We all know a parent who still makes their high school daughter’s lunch every day. (让他们从小就习惯做家务。我们都知道一位父母仍然每天为高中女儿做午餐)”及后文“By the time your two-year-old begins talking, he’s old enough to start helping around the house. (当你两岁的孩子开始说话时，他已经足够大了，可以开始帮忙做家务了)”可推知，空格处应该讲述当孩子足够到了就应该自己做一些家务了，不能让自己一直承担家务，与B项“Don’t find yourself in this situation! (不要发现自己处于这种情况！)”上下文一致，故选B项。
53．根据下文“If you really want to teach your teen about money, then stop handing over the credit card and the “allowance.” Instead, put your kid on a budget, open a checking account for him or her, and let your teen really learn to manage money. (如果你真的想教你的孩子关于金钱的知识，那就停止交出信用卡和“零花钱”。相反，让你的孩子有一个预算，为他或她开一个支票账户，让你的孩子真正学会管理金钱)”可知，本段要讲述父母应该教孩子们管理自己的金钱，与C项“Teach them how checking accounts work. (教他们支票账户如何运作)”上下文一致，故选C项。
54．根据前文“Tell your kid that all clothing, movies, entertainment, fast food, and cell phone bills come out of his or her checking account which you fund. (告诉你的孩子，所有的服装、电影、娱乐、快餐和手机账单都来自他或她的支票账户)”及后文“Just make sure you also set up a savings account for your teen and insist that at least one third of any savings or money from you be put away. (只要确保你也为你的孩子建立了一个储蓄账户，并坚持至少三分之一的储蓄或钱被存放起来)”可知，在某些情况下孩子的三分之一花费被减少了，与E项“If your son or daughter has a job, then cut back the amount. (如果您的儿子或女儿有工作，请削减金额)”上下文一致，故选E项。
55．根据前文“Imagine the future with your children. (与您的孩子一起想象未来)”可知本段内容与孩子想象未来有关，结合空后“By age ten, kids are old enough to start looking ahead and figure out the value of an education. (到十岁时，孩子们已经足够大了，可以开始展望未来并弄清楚教育的价值)”可知，可以早一些和孩子一起讨论他们的未来，与G项“It’s never too early to begin talking to your child about his or her future. (开始与您的孩子谈论他或她的未来永远不会太早)”上下文一致，故选G项。
（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨三中校考三模）Paper is one of our oldest, simplest and most important inventions. But it also presents a danger to the world in two significant ways.
First, the making of paper requires the loss of millions of trees each year. Between 2001 and 2019, the world lost 386 million hectares of forest.____56____And worldwide use of paper is expected to double in the next 40 years. Clearly, the planet cannot sustain such a high rate of forest loss. The second great problem with paper is what happens once it is no longer useful. A huge quantity of wastepaper ends up in dumps and landfills, where it can produce harmful gases____57____
One simple solution can greatly reduce both of these problems: paper recycling. Paper is mainly made from cellulose (纤维素)，which makes up the cell walls of trees and many other plants.____58____So far, trees are the only source of cellulose that can fill the massive demand for paper products. Therefore, recycling paper is simply one of the best ways to save trees.
____59____It now can offer the same print performance as non-recycled paper.
Effective recycling requires a consistent effort.____60____Once enough people realize the need for recycling, more effective recycling systems can be carried out. The massive loss of trees affects everybody on earth. Everyone should do their part to recycle paper and encourage government and industries to do the same.
A．The way to begin is with education and understanding.
B．Paper-recycling produces cellulose to make more paper.
C．Harmful paper in landfills results in global climate change.
D．Of the trees that were cut down, 42% went to paper production.
E．Because of its structure, cellulose can be used repeatedly in papermaking.
F．The gas released is called methane which is a significant contributor in global warming.
G．Thanks to advances in processing, recycled paper isn’t the dull-colored stuff we are familiar with any more.
【答案】56．D 57．F 58．E 59．G 60．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍纸作为人类最古老、最简单、最重要的发明之一给世界带来了两个方面的危险。
56．根据段首句“First, the making of paper requires the loss of millions of trees each year.(首先，造纸需要每年损失数百万棵树。)”可知，主要讲述的是造纸每年会带来数百万棵树的损失。空前内容“Between 2001 and 2019, the world lost 386 million hectares of forest.(2001年至2019年期间，全球损失了3.86亿公顷森林。)”则讲述的是2001年至2019年期间有很多森林被毁。联系本段首句可知，空处讲述的应该是这些被毁的森林和造纸之间的联系。选项D“Of the trees that were cut down, 42% went to paper production.(在被砍伐的树木中，42%被用于造纸。)”符合本段内容，讲述了造纸造成了树木的损失。故选D。
57．根据空前内容“The second great problem with paper is what happens once it is no longer useful. A huge quantity of wastepaper ends up in dumps and landfills, where it can produce harmful gases(纸的第二个大问题是一旦它不再有用会发生什么。大量的废纸最终被丢弃在垃圾场和垃圾填埋场，在那里它会产生有害气体)”可知，一旦纸张不再有用，它也会产生有害气体。选项F“The gas released is called methane which is a significant contributor in global warming.(释放的气体被称为甲烷，它是全球变暖的重要因素。)”进一步解释了不再使用的纸张是如何危害环境的，是上文内容的延续。故选F。
58．根据段首句“One simple solution can greatly reduce both of these problems: paper recycling.(一个简单的解决方案可以大大减少这两个问题：纸张回收。)”可知，本段主要介绍了可以解决这两个问题的方法。再根据空前“Paper is mainly made from cellulose (纤维素)，which makes up the cell walls of trees and many other plants.(纸张主要由纤维素制成，它构成了树木和许多其他植物的细胞壁。)”以及空后“So far, trees are the only source of cellulose that can fill the massive demand for paper products. (到目前为止，树木是唯一的纤维素来源，可以满足对纸制品的巨大需求。)”可知，空处应介绍纤维素的作用。选项E“Because of its structure, cellulose can be used repeatedly in papermaking.(由于它的结构，纤维素可以在造纸中重复使用。)”与上下文内容一致，解释了由于纤维素可以反复使用，所以纸张回收是极好的解决问题的方法。故选E。
59．根据上一段内容可知，作者认为纸张回收是解决造纸带来的问题的最好的解决方法。再根据下文“It now can offer the same print performance as non-recycled paper.(它现在可以提供与非再生纸相同的打印性能。)”可知，空处提及了再生纸张。选项G“Thanks to advances in processing, recycled paper isn’t the dull-colored stuff we are familiar with any more.(由于加工技术的进步，再生纸不再是我们所熟悉的那种颜色单调的东西了。)”与下文内容相一致，介绍了再生纸已经有了很大的变化。故选G。
60．根据空后内容“Once enough people realize the need for recycling, more effective recycling systems can be carried out. The massive loss of trees affects everybody on earth. Everyone should do their part to recycle paper and encourage government and industries to do the same.(一旦有足够多的人意识到回收的必要性，就可以实施更有效的回收系统。树木的大量流失影响到地球上的每一个人。每个人都应该尽自己的一份力量来回收纸张，并鼓励政府和行业也这样做。)”可知，下文讲述的是如果每个人都能意识到回收纸张的重要性，那么这项措施就会长久的实施下文从而达到有效的回收。选项A“The way to begin is with education and understanding.(要从教育和理解开始。)”与下文内容一致。故选A。
（2023·河北邯郸·统考二模）Benefits of Forest Bathing
Forest bathing means spending time in nature to promote physical and mental health. In recent years, forest bathing has gained popularity around the world. This practice encourages people to connect with nature by taking slow walks, engaging in activities such as yoga or meditation, and embracing the present moment.____61____.
Aid in reducing stress
Forest bathing can help reduce stress. Connecting with nature decreases cortisol(皮质醇) levels, the hormone responsible for feelings of stress.____62____! Even before you physically enter the forest, just imagining staying there can positively affect your cortisol levels.
A natural mood enhancer
If you want to elevate your mood, take a trip to the forest. A forest bathing trip can ease your mood significantly.____63____. Forests are also associated with calming effects on the mind and body.
____64____
It’s no secret that nature plays a vital role in human life, and the two are strongly connected. In natural environments, plants and trees release some special oils, which can protect plants from germs. They also have many human health benefits. In addition to enhancing mood, these oils are also a natural immunity booster.
Inspire focus and concentration
____65____. It can provide an ideal atmosphere for creative thinking and problem-solving. It allows you to focus on creative solutions without interruption. Increased energy levels during the day are also achieved with regular visits to nature because natural beauty surroundings help reduce stress levels, leaving you feeling energized and ready for the day ahead.
A．Improve your intelligence
B．Help boost your immune system
C．It can help reduce your anxiety, depression, and tiredness
D．Forest bathing provides an opportunity to escape disturbance
E．Here are some ways you can benefit from going into the forest
F．So the more time you spend in nature, the more relaxed you will be
G．Here are the benefits of forest bathing that you can start gaining today
【答案】61．G 62．F 63．C 64．B 65．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了森林浴的好处。
61．根据前句“This practice encourages people to connect with nature by taking slow walks, engaging in activities such as yoga or meditation, and embracing the present moment. (这种做法鼓励人们通过散步、瑜伽或冥想等活动来与自然联系，并拥抱当下。)”及下文可知，文章主要介绍森林浴的好处。所以选择项G“Here are the benefits of forest bathing that you can start gaining today(以下是森林浴的好处，你可以从今天开始获得)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
62．根据前句“Connecting with nature decreases cortisol(皮质醇) levels, the hormone responsible for feelings of stress. (与大自然亲近可以降低皮质醇水平，皮质醇是一种产生压力感的激素。)”可知，在大自然中降低皮质醇水平可以减少压力，从而更放松。所以选择项F“So the more time you spend in nature, the more relaxed you will be (所以你在大自然中度过的时间越多，你就会越放松)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
63．根据前句“A forest bathing trip can ease your mood significantly. (森林浴之旅可以大大缓解你的情绪。)”和后句“Forests are also associated with calming effects on the mind and body. (森林还具有镇静身心的作用。)”可知，森林浴可以起到缓解情绪和镇静身心的作用，从而减少焦虑、抑郁和疲劳。所以选择项C“It can help reduce your anxiety, depression, and tiredness (它可以帮助你减少焦虑、抑郁和疲劳。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
64．这里为本段小标题。根据下文“It’s no secret that nature plays a vital role in human life, and the two are strongly connected. In natural environments, plants and trees release some special oils, which can protect plants from germs. They also have many human health benefits. In addition to enhancing mood, these oils are also a natural immunity booster. (众所周知，大自然在人类生活中扮演着至关重要的角色，而这两者之间有着密切的联系。在自然环境中，植物和树木释放出一些特殊的油，可以保护植物免受细菌的侵害。它们对人体健康也有很多好处。除了改善情绪，这些油也是一种天然的免疫力增强剂。)”可知，本段介绍森林浴可以增强人的免疫力。所以选择项B“Help boost your immune system (帮助增强免疫系统)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
65．根据后文“It can provide an ideal atmosphere for creative thinking and problem-solving. It allows you to focus on creative solutions without interruption. (它可以为创造性思维和解决问题提供理想的氛围。它可以让你不受干扰地专注于创造性的解决方案。)”可知，森林浴是一个让你不受干扰的场所。所以选择项D“Forest bath