2023年安徽省中考英语总复习二轮复习：动词不定式 课件（24张PPT）

(共24张PPT)
动词不定式
2023年安徽省中考英语总复习二轮复习
动词不定式
1、
非谓语动词；“to+动词原形”/”not to +动词原形”
动词不定式的含义及结构
2、
主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语
掌握动词不定式的句法功能
3、
使役动词、感官动词、why not\had better等
掌握不定式不带to的情况
一、动词不定式的含义及结构
1、含义：动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。
2、基本结构
动词不定式由“to +动词原形”构成 ;动词不定式的否定形式是"not to +动词原形”。
eg. He decides to leave Beijing. 他决定离开北京。
(否定)：He decides not to leave Beiing.他决定不离开北京。
二、动词不定式的句法功能
做主语
作宾语
作宾补
作定语
作状语
作表语
1. 做主语
1）放句首作主语
To learn English is important.
2）动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置，避免头重脚轻。
It is important to learn English.
不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数
It 做形式主语
①It is+形容词+for/of sb. to do sth.
It is important for us to learn a foreign language.
It's nice of you to help me with my English.
for: 前面形容词为客观类词，修饰后面to do sth,比如：easy，difficult...
可改为：to do sth +be + adj for sb
of: 前面形容词为主观类，修饰人sb,如：kind，nice，clever....
可改为：sb +be +adj + to do sth

To learn a foreign language is important for us.
You are nice to help me with my English.
②It is+名词+ to do sth.
Eg: It's our duty to take good care of the old.
③ It takes sb+时间+to do sth.
Eg: It takes me an hour to finish my homework.
Exercises
1. It is very kind ____you to help me with
my housework. It is hard ____me to do all the work.
A.of; for B.for; of
C. of; to D.to; for
2. It is very careless ____you ____ lots of mistakes.
A.of; to make B.for; to make
C. of; make D. for; make
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2. 作宾语
不定式放谓语动词后作宾语
(v. + to do )
I want to buy a computer.
She hopes to find a better job.
巧记用不定式作宾语的动词
想要, 忘记，拒绝
( want , forget , refuse);
需要，努力, 学习
(need , try , learn);
喜欢，同意, 帮助
(like , agree , help);
希望, 决定, 开始
( hope/wish , decide , begin/start )
特别说明
动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when等连用。
Eg. I forgot when to go to bed last night.(疑问词+to+动词原形作动词forgot宾语)
1、Please don't forget _________ (clean) the room while I am away in Beijing.
2、He began_______ (learn) English at the age of four.
Exercises
to clean
to learn
3. 做宾语补足语
宾补对宾语补充说明
用作宾语补足语：(v. + sb. + to do )
She asked me
to help her.
The teacher told him
to come on time.
否定形式：(v. + sb. +not to do )
常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词:
advise , allow , ask , encourage , expect，invite ,order , teach , tell , want , 等。
not
not
Exercises
1、The teacher asked Mary ____ a difficult question in class.
A.answer B.answering
C.to answer D.answered
2、Let's____ play in the street. Father tells me ____do so.
A.not to; not to B.not; not to
C.don't; to not D. to not; don't
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4. 做定语
1）动词不定式可以用在名词后面作定语
2）不定代词常用不定式作后置定语
I have a lot of clothes to wash.
Do you have anything to do tonight？
定语：修饰或限定名词和不定代词。
（注：定语修饰名词：一般单个词做定语放在被修饰名词前 eg. a good boy;而大于一个词要放在被修饰词后 eg. lots of housework to do，
特例：修饰不定代词放后面：something important）
Exercises
1、--Mum，can I have something ______
--Oh，dear.You can only drink some water. There is _____ in the kitchen.
A.to drink；nothing else B.drinking；something else
C.to eat；something else D.eating；nothing else
2、More and more yong people are trying to do something ____the old.
A.helped B.to help C. help D. helps
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5. 做状语
目的状语
I get up early to catch the early bus.
原因状语
He felt excited to know this news.
结果状语
I am too tired to walk.
状语：表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、伴随等部分。
动词不定式作状语的情况分析
1、在句首或句尾表示目的,作目的状语
eg. To catch the train, he got up early.
= He got up early to catch the train.
2、跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词后,作原因状语
eg. I'm sorry to hear that.听到那件事我很难过。
I'm glad to see you.我很高兴见到你。
3、用在too.. to结构中,作结果状语。
eg. He is too young to understand all that.
他太年轻,不能理解那一切。
Exercises
1、_____more information about the trip,you can go online.
A.Find B.Finding C.To find D.Found
2、The house is too small for his family_____.
A.to live in B.living in
C.live in D.lives in
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6. 做表语
不定式可以放在连系动词be 后面作表语，说明主语的具体内容。
My duty is to look after the animals.
His dream is to be a bus driver.
说出句中不定式的作用
1. It takes you ten minutes to get there.
2. I hope to see him soon.
3. His wish is to become an artist.
4. People eat to live, not live to eat.
5. I have a lot things to do.
6. It’s not right to be always thinking of oneself.
7. We often see him play football.
状语
表语
宾语
主语
定语
主语
宾语补足语
不定式放在使役动词have，make和let之后
He always makes me angry.
不定式放在感观动词feel，hear，listen to, see，watch，look at, notice等后面
I often hear her sing songs .
不定式在why not和 had better 后
You had better have a rest.
三、动词不定式不带to的情况
三、动词不定式不带to的情况
feel sb. do sth.;
listen/ hear sb. do sth.;
make/ let/ have sb. do sth.;
look at/ see/ watch/ notice sb. do sth.;
help sb. (to)do sth.
动词不定式做宾补时省略to的动词：
一感指 feel；
二听指listen(to)，hear；
三让指let，make，have；
四看指see，look(at)，watch，notice；
半帮助指help，help后to可有可无。
Exercises
1、It's raining hard outside. You'd better _____.
A.to go out B.going out
C.not to go out D.not go out
2、--It's cold outside.
--Why ____stay at home？
A.don't B.not to C.not D.not you
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感谢聆听