2023高考英语语法填空指导-连词学案（含答案）

专攻解题方法与技巧
英语语法填空指导-连词
对连词的考查主要涉及并列句和三大从句，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记从句规则用法是解题的关键。
具体的解题步骤为：
①首先，判断该空后面是不是一个句子。如果是句子，就确定用连词；否则就可能填介词或冠词；
②其次，判断该空前后句子的逻辑关系，再确定用哪个连词。语法填空是基于语篇的考查，因此准确理解上下文之间的逻辑关系至关重要；
③最后，判断该空所填词在句子中所充当的句子成分，这样有利于准确确定连词或引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。需要指出的是，在《张道真英语语法大全》一书中，引导定语从句的关系词也被称为从属连词。
思维定向——如何确定填连词
解题攻略 典例印证
第一步：如何确定并列连词　如果两个单词、短语、句子相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系时，填并列连词。第二步：如何确定引导词　如果设空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。 【典例】　(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ________ cultural exchanges. 【分析】　第一步：如何确定并列连词。分析句子结构可知，international cooperation与cultural exchanges是promote的两个并列宾语。第二步：如何确定填哪种并列连词。根据语境可知，此处意为“促进国际合作与文化交流”，空处前后表示并列关系。自主解答　and
解题规则——判断连词的4个技法
技法1　并列连词——关系分析法＋句型法
当设空前后是两个并列成分，如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等，而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果等关系时，设空处一般填并列连词and、 but、 or、 so等。
快捷思维 典例印证
1.关系分析法分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。(1)表示并列或递进关系的连词有and、 both ...and ...、 not only ...but (also) ... 等；(2)表示选择关系的连词有or、 either ... or ...、 neither ... nor ...等；(3)表示转折或对比关系的连词有but、 while、 not ... but ...等；(4)表示因果关系的连词有so、 for等；(5)表示让步关系的连词有although、though和while等。 1.(2021·6月浙江高考)Although Mary loved flowers, ________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.2．(2022·河北衡水中学押题卷)For instance, you have to add ingredients in the correct order, ____________ cookies will be unpleasantly wet.3．(2022·河北省适应性考试)The book creates a painting style that is both classical ____________ modern.4．(2022·南京市考前训练二)Mack is in the middle of his A-levels, ____________ he is too impatient to finish the year, so he is taking a break from his studies to attempt the world record.5．(2022·河北名校联盟高三调研)Getting that plastic out of the water again is nearly impossible，____________ policymakers should focus on preventing any more of it entering the oceans in the first place.6．(2022· 郑州市模拟)____________ not everyone agrees, many doctors and scientists believe that gaming can be addictive. When that happens, it goes beyond simply wanting to play a little more.
2.句型法(1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(2)be doing sth when ...正在做某事，那时……be about to do sth when ...正要做某事，那时……had just done sth when ...刚做完某事，那时……hardly ... when ...一……就……when it comes to (doing) sth 谈及…… 7.(2022·滨州市二模)Still, eat well and enjoy yourself every day in life, ____________ you will get a worthwhile reward.8．One day, the cow was eating grass ____________ it began to rain heavily.9．Hardly had we arrived at the farm ____________ we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.10．Safety has long been an important concern for travelers ____________ it comes to deciding which destination to visit. But the idea of exactly what makes somewhere “safe” has changed significantly in recent years due to the global pandemic.
1．neither　考查连词。根据空后的she nor her husband可知，此处为neither ...nor ...结构，表示“既不……，也不……”。
2．or　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处应填or。
3．and　考查连词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配both ...and ...，表示“不仅……而且……”。
4．but　考查连词。根据语境可知，设空处前后为转折关系，应用转折连词but。
5．so　考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后两句之间为因果关系，应用连词so。
6．Though/Although/While　考查连词。前后两个分句之间存在转折关系，因此这里填入Though/Although/While，引起一个让步状语从句。
7．and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，故填and。
8．when　考查连词。be doing sth when ...为固定句式，意为“正在做某事，那时……”。
9．when　考查连词。hardly ... when ...为固定句式，意为“一……就……”。
10．when　考查连词。when it comes to (doing) sth是一个固定句型，意为“谈及……”。
技法2　定语从句——4步法确定关系词
快捷思维 典例印证
第一步：确定是定语从句　分析句子结构，设空处无提示词，设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句的关系词。 1.(2022·1月浙江高考)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ____________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.2．(2022·山东省实验中学模拟)The app does this by monitoring their time ____________ the users go to sleep, which means that you will feel less sleepy when you wake up every morning.
第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句　在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。(1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句；(2)which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；(3)as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。 3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.4．(2020·天津高考)____________ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.5．(2022·浙江镇海中学考前模拟)Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin's notebooks had been missing from their collection, one of ____________contains Darwin's “Tree of Life” sketch.
第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点，还是原因)　(1)先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导；(2)先行词指物用that/which/whose引导；(3)表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。 6.(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang，____________lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.7．(2022·南京市考前训练一)An additional reason ____________ it can be so desirable is that it tends to come from resources that are free.8．(2022·张家口市一模)This story about self-respect and self-love, ____________ characters are Chinese, is set in Europe.
第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词　(1)缺少主语用that/which/who；(2)缺少动词的宾语用that/which/who/whom；(3)缺少介词的宾语用whom/which；(4)缺少定语用whose；(5)缺少时间、地点或原因状语时，分别用when、 where、 why。 9.(2022·连云港市模拟二)By doing this, they are reintroducing foods into the marketplace ____________ haven't been grown for years.10．(2022·威海市高考模拟)The first space launch led to the first human space flight, ____________ led to the first moonwalk.11．(2022·泰安市全真模拟)The Double Ninth Festival is also a time ____________ the chrysanthemum (菊花) blooms.12．(2022·江西重点中学协作体联考)Nowadays an increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate their flower festival again, some of ____________， dressed in hanfu, a type of traditional Chinese costume, perform a series of ceremonies.
1．who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为指代人的a small but growing minority of academics，故填who/that。
2．when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，____________the users go to sleep是限制性定语从句，先行词是time，指时间，从句缺少时间状语，故填when。
3．that　考查定语从句。先行词the species指物，并且其前有all修饰，空处应用关系代词that。
4．As　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，表示“正如……”，故填As。
5．which　分析句子结构可知，空处指代two of Charles Darwin's notebooks，因此空后是“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，故填which。
6．who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
7．why　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在从句中作原因状语，故填why。
8．whose　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词This story与characters之间为所属关系，设空处应用关系代词whose。
9．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词是 marketplace，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。
10．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，故填which。
11．when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词time表示时间，空处应用关系副词when。
12．whom　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，Nowadays ...again是一个完整的句子， 后面是“不定代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句；该从句的先行词是people, 空前有some of , 因此关系代词只能用whom。
技法3　名词性从句——搞定名词性从句5方向
设空处无提示词，先确定主句主谓结构，再确定设空处和空后的内容在主句中充当的成分：主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
快捷思维 典例印证
方向1：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整　分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分。 1.(2022·湖南省六校联考)She says that both Greece and China have rich cultures and traditions dating back to ancient times, and ____________ there is so much to learn from each other.2．(2022·太原市模拟一)There is a general belief ____________ more Chinese people will enjoy the Spring Festival in space in the future.
方向2：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整　分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导各种名词性从句，if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。 3.(2022·1月浙江高考)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ____________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.4．(2022·宝鸡市联考)But there is some debate over ____________ it was NOLA or Mobile, Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1700s.
方向3：从句中缺少主语/宾语/表语　分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what、 who、 whom、 which、 whatever等。 5.(2022·临沂市一模)____________ they found is that as the repeats accumulated, the participants rated the sounds as being more tuneful.6．(2022·深圳外国语学校第二次检测)“The tiger is ____________ stands for strength and energy in traditional Chinese culture.” Chen says, “We want to reflect tiger-related culture from various aspects.”7．(2022·厦门市第四次质量检测)Libraries have evolved as the public's needs have changed. In fact, if you haven't visited your local public library for a while, you may be surprised at ____________ it now has to offer.
方向4：从句中缺少状语　分析句子结构，从句中缺少状语(结合句意判断)，考虑用连接副词where (表示地点)、 when (表示时间)、 how (表示方式)、 why (表示原因)等。 8.(2022·常德市模拟)Rising up early also relieves stress and tension because it gives you the time to squeeze in a workout before you get distracted (分神). This is ____________ morning people tend to be healthier and happier.9．(2022·淄博市二模)If a foundation is so huge, just imagine ____________ grand and tall the column above would be.
方向5：it用作形式主语的句型　(1)It be＋adj.＋动词不定式短语；(2)It be＋adj.＋主语从句；(3)It be＋过去分词＋that从句；(4)It be＋名词词组(a pity、 a surprise, good news)＋that从句。 10.(2022·南京市、盐城市二模)It's reported ____________ few couples complained when the COVID-19 forced Saudi Arabia to place some limitations.11．(2022·连云港市第二次调研)It is assumed, for a person to be healthy, ____________ yin and yang forces should be in balance.12．(2022· 嘉兴市模拟)In theory, a carbon price should be equal to the “social cost of carbon”. For example, if one ton of CO2 emissions costs the public $100, ____________ should cost $100 to emit that ton of CO2.
1．that　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，and前后连接两个宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，且句子意思完整，用that引导宾语从句，第二个宾语从句引导词that不能省略。
2．that　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容，应用that。
3．whether/if　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，应用whether/if。
4．whether　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句；根据下文it was NOLA or Mobile可知，此处为固定搭配whether ...or ...，表示“是……还是……”。
5．What　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，在主语从句中缺少found的宾语，应用连接代词what，注意句首首字母大写。
6．what　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空后是表语从句，从句引导词在从句中作主语，表示“代表力量和活力的动物”。
7．what　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，在介词at后的宾语从句中缺少动词offer的宾语，应用连接代词what引导。
8．why　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少原因状语，应用连接副词why引导表语从句。This is why ...意为“这就是为什么……”。
9．how　考查名词性从句。宾语从句为感叹句，修饰形容词grand and tall，应用how。
10．that　考查名词性从句。It's reported that ...表示“据报道……”，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，在从句中起连接作用。
11．that　考查名词性从句。It is assumed that ...表示“据认为……”，其中It作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，引导词that不可以省略。
12．it　考查代词。这里it作形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语to emit that ton of CO2作真正的主语。
技法4　状语从句——句意法＋固定句式法
快捷思维 典例印证
1.句意法确定状语从句引导词(1)while/when/as/since引导时间状语从句； (2)before/after引导时间状语从句； (3)if/unless/once引导条件状语从句； (4)though/although/while引导让步状语从句； (5)in case 引导目的或条件状语从句； (6)where/when 引导地点/时间状语从句；(7)whatever/ whenever/ however/ whichever/ wherever 引导让步状语从句。 1.(2022·苏州八校三模)In the following years，____________Deng has dedicated himself to training, struggling for an opportunity to fly into space, he has always been inches away from good luck and has yet to make it.2．(2022·苏州八校三模)Dad, you are only one step away from fulfilling your dream. You must hold on to it, no matter ____________awaits you.3．(2022·连云港市模拟一)In addition, improvement of teachers' professional development cannot be over emphasized ____________ technology will never replace a knowledgeable teacher.4．(2022·济南市模拟)I feel I'm missing something ________ I don't eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival.5．(2022·连云港市模拟二)One solution to this problem is to collect and preserve the seeds of as many different species as we can ____________ they disappear.
2.固定句式法确定状语从句引导词(1)so/such ... that ...如此……以至于……(2)not ... until ...直到……才……(3)It will/won't be＋一段时间＋before ...没过多长时间就/过了多长时间才……(4)It is some time (一段时间)＋since ...自从……以来已经多长时间了(5)whether ...or (not) ...无论……还是…… 6.(2022·保定市二模)____________ it's body image, money, or fame, humblebragging is finding its way into our lives more frequently than before, thanks to social media.7．(2022·苏锡常镇四市调研一)Without complex decoration(s), it combines buildings with scenery so well ____________ the whole garden appears to be naturally endowed (赋予)．8．(2022·重庆市模拟调研三)Huan Huan and Yuan Zai have been expanding their family ____________ they arrived, thanks to the joint efforts of Beauval Zoo and China's Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
1．while/although/though　考查状语从句。根据语境可知，上下文之间存在转折关系，且空处位于句子开头部分，可用从属连词while/although/though引导让步状语从句。
2．what　考查状语从句。根据语境和no matter可知，此处引导让步状语从句，no matter what意为“无论什么……”，连接代词what在从句中作主语，指代事物。
3．because/since/as　考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，上下句之间是因果关系，故填because/since/as。
4．if　考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用if。
5．before　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处指在种子消失前，收集并保存它们；由此可知，空处应用连词before。
6．Whether　考查状语从句。whether ...or ...意为“无论……还是……”，为固定用法。
7．that　考查状语从句。so ...that ...为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
8．since　考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”，应用连词since。
Test 1
Shenzhou crew members became the first Chinese __1__ (spend) the nation's most important festival, the Chinese Lunar New Year, in outer space.In China's space station core module, taikonauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu extended __2__ (they) Spring Festival greetings in a video on New Year's Eve.They wished the motherland and all Chinese people prosperity.While __3__ (display) a pair of couplets, Commander Zhai, a Chinese calligraphy enthusiast, said, “I wish all of you good __4__ (healthy) and good luck in everything you do.” Dressed __5__ festive costumes, Wang held a balloon with the Chinese character “fu” meaning good luck.Ye also held __6__ sticker with the Chinese character “fu”．In addition, the taikonauts decorated the orbiting core module with red __7__ (lantern), Chinese knots and paper-cuttings.
On October 16, 2021, the Shenzhou mission sent the three taikonauts into the space station for a six-month stay, the __8__ (long) ever duration in the country's manned space program.Multiple tasks __9__ (complete) by them over the past months, including performing two spacewalks and a live science lecture.There is a general belief __10__ more Chinese people will enjoy the Spring Festival in space in the future.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了神舟十三号宇宙飞船的宇航员在太空过春节的情况，包括展示对联、用红灯笼和中国结及剪纸装饰核心舱等。
1．to spend　考查非谓语动词。名词被序数词修饰，后接动词不定式作后置定语。根据the first Chinese可知，应用动词不定式。
2．their　考查代词。Spring Festival greetings和设空处之间为所属关系，应用形容词性物主代词。
3．displaying　考查非谓语动词。主语Commander Zhai和动词display之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式；该处也可以看作状语从句的省略，省略了主语和be动词。
4．health　考查名词。根据形容词good可知，设空处应用名词形式。
5．in　考查固定搭配。dressed in ...为固定搭配，意为“穿着……”。
6．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指“一张贴纸”，且sticker的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
7．lanterns　考查名词的单复数。lantern为可数名词，其前无限定词，应用复数形式。
8．longest　考查形容词的最高级。根据语境和设空前的定冠词the及设空后的ever可知，该处指“中国载人航天计划中持续时间最长的一次”，应用所给词的最高级形式。
9．have been completed　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the past months可知，该处用现在完成时，且主语Multiple tasks为复数形式，与complete之间为被动关系。故填have been completed。
10．that　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容，且从句句意完整，故填that。
Test 2
A recent scientific study has shown that the Arctic Ocean is polluted with tiny microplastic fibers. The fibers were found all through the Arctic.
Microplastics are tiny bits or threads of plastic, often too small __1__ (see). In recent years, microplastics have been found almost everywhere, from the top of the Earth's __2__ (tall) mountain to the deepest point in the sea.
In a recent study __3__ (lead) by a group called Ocean Wise, researchers __4__ (make) four trips across the Arctic Ocean. They found microplastics in all but one of the 97 samples taken, __5__ an average of about 40 microplastic particles in every cubic meter.
Over 92% of the microplastics found __6__ (be) small threads, called microfibers. The researchers studied the size and color of the fibers and found they matched polyester used in clothing.
Most samples were taken from an ocean layer __7__ lots of sea life finds food. The scientists believe this means that many kinds of sea life, from the smallest to the largest, are likely to be affected by the pollution.
So how do these microfibers get into the sea They break off __8__ clothes are washed and are emptied into sewers as washing machines drain.
One way to avoid __9__ (send) so much plastic into the sea is for clothing makers to cut back on man-made materials, especially those that __10__ (easy) break down into microfibers.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项最新研究发现，北冰洋的海水也受到微塑料的污染。
1．to be seen　考查非谓语动词。这里表示微塑料太小，它们无法“被肉眼看到”。too ...to ...是固定句型，由于表达被动含义，因此用动词不定式的被动式。
2．tallest　考查形容词最高级。这里填入形容词的最高级形式tallest，与下文的deepest形成对比。
3．led　考查非谓语动词。空格后的by一词暗示这里应用含有被动含义的过去分词作后置定语。
4．made　考查时态。根据上下文可知，这里应用一般过去时。
5．with　考查介词。这里填入介词with构成一个介词短语，表示一种补充说明或伴随状态。
6．were　考查时态和主谓一致。本句主语为复数形式microplastics，另外根据语境需要用一般过去时，故填were。
7．where　考查定语从句。本空格前面的ocean layer是先行词，后面是一个由关系副词where引导的定语从句。
8．when　考查连词。这里表示当人们洗衣服时，衣服中的微纤维会随着洗衣机排出的水流入大海。这里应用从属连词when引导时间状语从句。
9．sending　考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth表示“避免做某事”，是固定用法。
10．easily　考查词形转换。本空格后的break down是一个动词短语，因此应用副词来修饰它。