2023年语法填空指导-如何确定填介词学案（含解析）

专攻解题方法与技巧
语法填空指导-如何确定填介词
解题攻略 典例印证
第一步：确定是否填介词　首先，分析句子结构，发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般填介词。第二步：根据句意及固定搭配确定答案　分析句子结构，发现设空处在名词前后时，应考虑名词与介词的搭配；分析句子结构，发现设空处在不及物动词后名词前时，应考虑动词与介词的搭配；分析句子结构，发现设空处在形容词后名词前时，应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。 【典例】　(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4，700 kilometers ____________ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi'an in five months.【分析】　第一步：确定填介词。分析句子成分可知，此处考查介词的固定搭配。第二步：确定答案。句意：9月20日，他从西安飞了4，700公里到达喀什，计划在5个月内徒步返回西安。此处考查固定搭配from ...to ...，意为“从……到……”。自主解答　from
解题规则——判断介词的2策略
快捷思维 典例印证
策略1：辨逻辑，联想恰当介词(1)表示时间的in、 on和at①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等；②on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。 1.(2022·厦门市第四次质量检测)____________the convenience of the Internet, people still enjoy visiting libraries.2．(2022·泰安市全真模拟)In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival ____________ Seniors' Day.
(2)表示交通方式的by和on/in①by后可直接跟涉及或不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词；②on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。(3)表示“用……”的by、 in和with①by表示“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式；②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。(4)of表示“……的”“of＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词。(5)as 表示“作为”。(6)from 表示“自， 从”。(7)despite/in spite of表示 “尽管”。 3.(2022·山东省实验中学模拟)In addition, SLEEP IF YOU CAN will also give you the latest weather conditions so that you can decide whether to take an umbrella ____________ you before leaving home.4．(2022·辽宁省模拟一)Wild tiger numbers have dropped ____________ more than 95% since the beginning of the 20th century.5．(2022·襄阳五中适应性考试二)Ancient architecture in China stands out ____________ its fine wooden structures, the elegant outside and beautiful decoration.6．(2022·河北省高三学生全过程纵向评价)The US space agency NASA is set to launch a new Martian vehicle, named Perseverance, ____________ July 30.
策略2：抓核心词，联想适当搭配(1)与动词搭配remind sb of sth　　　　提醒某人某事compete for sth with sb 为某物与某人竞争go back to/date from 追溯到exchange ... for ... 用……交换……come about 发生search for 寻找account for 占……比例；说明……的原因belong to 属于relate to 与……有关put sth into practice 实施某事(物)bear sth in mind 记住某事(物)(2)介词短语搭配by accident 偶然in trouble 陷入困境，陷入麻烦in honour of 为了纪念in turn 依次，转而in return 作为报答at risk 处于危险中on board 乘(飞机、船)on average 平均in advance 提前on the contrary 相反on earth 在世界上；究竟到底not ... until 直到……才(3)形容词与介词搭配be curious about ... 对……感到好奇be associated with ... 与……有关be rich in ... 在……方面丰富be similar to ... 与……相似be famous for ... 因……而著名 7.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve ____________ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.8．To help, experts and fellow parents have offered choices on how to navigate kids' life home alone. For kids aged ____________ 10 and 12, cooking competitions with family members are fun.9．(2022·烟台市考前热身)China Chic has changed from a consumption trend ____________ a cultural phenomenon and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games are a good example of why young people embrace it.10．(2022·济南市模拟)The parents of the community are hoping that the city will create school-friendly bikeways that are separated ____________ the main road.11．(2022·沈阳市教学质量监测三)By building its own space station, China will expand its scientific reach, and China's space exploration program is also open ____________ other developing countries.12．(2022·鞍山市第二次监测)He owed the change ____________ the country's confidence in its culture.13．(2022·辽宁省部分重点中学协作体模拟)There are a number of things we can do by learning a few life-saving skills for conditions ____________ our control.14．(2022·孝感市模拟)But they should bear ____________ mind that it is their knowledge, skills as well as experience that matter a lot.15．(2022·河北省高考适应性考试)At the London Book Fair on Tuesday, Chinese children's bestsellers staged a brainstorming event on how to bring Chinese-themed books ____________ the world audience. 16．(2022·湖南省百所学校联考)Industry experts have estimated that protection and reduction efforts to deal with space junk account ____________ about 5－10 percent of satellite mission costs.
1．Despite　考查介词。根据the convenience of the Internet和people still enjoy visiting libraries可知，前后构成转折关系，且convenience为名词，应用介词despite，表示“尽管”。
2．as　考查介词。根据语境可知，句子表示“中国政府决定将重阳节定为老年人节”，空处意为“作为”，故填as。
3．with　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处应用with，这里表示“随身携带”。
4．by　考查介词。more than 95%是数量下降的量，因此用by，表示下降的程度。
5．for　考查介词。根据语境可知，空处表示“因为”，故填for。
6．on　考查介词。指在具体的某一天前，应用on。
7．as　考查介词。动词短语serve as在此处表示“充当，用作”。
8．between　考查介词。固定搭配between ...and ...意为“在……与……之间”。
9．to　考查介词。根据语境和change from可知，空处应用介词to，表示“从……转变为……”。
10．from　考查介词。固定短语be separated from表示“分离开来”。
11．to　考查介词。固定搭配be open to ...意为“对……开放”。
12．to　考查介词。固定短语owe ...to ...意为“把……归咎于……”，to为介词。
13．beyond　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，名词control前用介词形式。beyond control意为“无法控制”。
14．in　考查介词。bear sth in mind为固定短语，意为“记住某事”。
15．to　考查介词。固定短语bring sth to sb表示“将某物带给某人”。
16．for　考查介词。account for为固定短语，意为“(比例)占……”。
Test 1
(2022·成都市第一次诊断性检测)Mi Fu is a Chinese painter, poet, and calligrapher in Xiangyang, Hubei during the Northern Song Dynasty.In painting he gains __1__ (recognize) for his style of painting misty landscapes.This style is considered as the “Mi Fu” style and involves the use of large wet dots of ink __2__ (apply) with a flat brush.His poetry is in the style of his own.
He is best known for his calligraphy, __3__ he is regarded as one of the four __4__ (great) calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty.His style arises from the styles of calligraphers in earlier dynasties, but with a unique style __5__ his own.
As __6__ famous calligrapher, Mi Fu was also considered as an eccentric (怪人)．At times he __7__ (call) “Madman Mi” because he was __8__ (true) crazy about collecting stones.He even declared one stone to be his brother.He would bow to his rock “brother” __9__ (display) respect for older brothers.His son, Mi Youren, is also a famous painter in his father's artistic style.Unlike his father, Mi Youren lived to an older age, __10__ (die) at the age of 79.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北宋伟大的画家、诗人和书法家米芾的艺术风格和趣闻轶事。
1．recognition　考查词形转换。设空处作gains的宾语，应用名词，故填recognition。gain recognition获得认可。
2．applied　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处所在分句的谓语动词是involves, apply在句中为非谓语，与被修饰词wet dots of ink之间为动宾关系，故填applied。
3．and　考查连词。根据上下文语境可知，此处为并列关系，故填and。
4．greatest　考查形容词的最高级。固定表达“one of＋the＋数词＋形容词的最高级”意为“最……之一”，故填greatest。
5．of　考查介词。固定表达“of one's own”意为“某人自己的”，故填of。
6．a　考查冠词。根据句意“作为一位著名的书法家”可知，此处应用不定冠词，表泛指，且famous的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
7．was called　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。这里表示他被称作“米疯子”，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was called。
8．truly　考查副词。设空处修饰后面的形容词crazy，应用副词，故填truly。
9．to display　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，would bow在句中为谓语，设空处应为非谓语。又根据句意“他会向自己的石头兄弟鞠躬以示对哥哥的尊重”可知，此处表目的，故填to display。
10．dying　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，lived在句中为谓语，设空处应为非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语Mi Youren之间为主谓关系，故填dying。
Test 2
China's National Press and Publication Administration (NPPA) has made new rules to limit online gaming for children. The move __1__ (mean) to protect the health of children. It's just one of many recent __2__ (step) China has taken to control the effects of the Internet.
The NPPA set out new rules for people under the age of 18 in China. Under the rules, children can only play online games for one hour a night __3__ Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays. On these nights, gaming will only be allowed between 8 pm and 9 pm.
The NPPA says the new rules are made __4__ (protect) the “physical and mental health” of young people. The government is hoping to prevent young people from becoming “addicted” to gaming.
__5__ not everyone agrees, many doctors and scientists believe that gaming can be addictive. When that __6__ (happen), it goes beyond simply wanting to play a little more. People who are addicted have an __7__ (extreme) hard time living without the thing they are addicted to, and often have trouble __8__ (give) proper attention to the other parts of their lives.
Under the new rules, online gaming companies should make sure players use __9__ (they) real names and birth dates when they sign up.
Some Chinese parents are glad that the government is stepping in to help them control their children's interest in games. Other Chinese citizens aren't sure __10__ the new rules will make a difference.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。国家新闻出版署下发了一个通知：所有网络游戏企业仅可在周五、周六、周日的20时至21时向未成年人提供1小时服务。
1．is meant　考查时态和语态。be meant to do sth是一个固定表达，相当于be intended to do sth，意为“打算/意欲……”。
2．steps　考查名词的单复数。这里step意为“措施；步骤”，是可数名词，此处应用复数形式。
3．on　考查介词。在星期名称前面应用介词on，这是固定搭配。
4．to protect　考查非谓语动词。这里表示制定新规定的目的是保护青少年的身心健康，因此用动词不定式作目的状语。
5．Though/Although/While　考查连词。前后两个分句之间存在转折关系，因此这里应用Though/Although/While引导让步状语从句。
6．happens　考查时态。这里连词When引导时间状语从句，谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
7．extremely　考查词形转换。本空格后面的hard是形容词，因此这里应用副词extremely来修饰它。
8．giving　考查非谓语动词。have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth是固定句型，意为“做某事遇到麻烦/困难”。
9．their　考查代词。本空格后面是名词names，因此应用形容词性物主代词。
10．whether/if　考查宾语从句。Other Chinese citizens aren't sure是主句，后面由whether/if引导宾语从句。