课件36张PPT。1． adj.有论据的→ v．争
论→ n．论据
2． v．帮助；协助→ n．助手
3． v．使产生动机→ n．动机
4． n．易接近；关心；可获得性→ adj.可接受的Module 6 Why Do We Need Dictionaries Period Four Reading Practice 课件（外研版选修9）Ⅰ.单词识记 arguable argue argument assist assistant motive motivation accessibility accessible 5． adj.电子的→ n．电子→ adj.电的
6． n．复杂性→ adj.复杂的
7． adj.无限制的→ adj.有限的，受限
的→ (同义词)
8． v．&n.设计→ n．设计师electronic electron electric complexity complex unlimited limited limitless design designer1．have access 对……可利用
2．be pressed 临时用上
3．be available 对……可利用
4．now 既然，由于
5．be new 对……是新的
6．a help 对……有帮助
7．according 根据Ⅱ.短语天地 to into to that to to to1．While revising the OED, editors now have access to an enormous body of electronic data in addition to their more traditional resources.
[信息提取] While revising the OED，是省略式状语从句，补充完整为：While they are revising the OED。
[例句仿写] 在等火车时，我和杰克谈了很久。Ⅲ.句型搜索 While waiting for the train，I had a long talk with Jack.2．No one is really sure, but it seems likely that by the middle of the century all dictionaries will be in electronic form.
[信息提取] It seems that固定句型，意为“看上去好像……”，表事实。
[例句仿写] 看样子他好像在撒谎。It seems that he is lying.阅读课文，根据课文内容判断正误。
1．James Murray made the Oxford English Dictionary see the light of day with his 11 children's help. ( )
2．The children sorted slips not to earn their pocket money but to make their father happy. ( )
3．Now the Oxford English Dictionary Online is available on the World Wide Web. ( )
4．The challenges of editing dictionary are the length of the dictionary and its complexity. ( )Ⅳ.预读理解 √ × √ × 5．The general idea of a dictionary is a resource that provides explanations of all words and how they are used. ( )√ It is arguable that the poverty of Portugal caused the discovery of India.
可以说印度是因为葡萄牙贫穷才被发现的。
This account contains many arguable statements.
这种说法含有很多疑点。
It is arguable that we would be just as efficient with fewer staff.
我们的职员少一些也能发挥同样效率，这是有道理的。1．arguable adj.有论据的，可争辩的；有异议的 It is arguable that boy-like girls should be labeled as“problem students”．把男性化的女生贴上“问题学生”的标签，确有很大的争议。
【归纳拓展】
argue vt. & vi.争论，辩论；说服
argument n．争论，论据；概要
argue with sb about/over sth因某事同某人争论
argue for 据理力争
argue that...主张……
argue sb into sth/doing sth极力说服某人做某事Let's not argue about money.让我们别为钱争吵。
Listen! I am not going to argue with you.
听着！我不打算同你争论。
The workers argued for their freedom on weekends.
工人们据理力争他们在周末的自由。
【翻译句子】
①他就车费和出租车司机理论。
②我说服她去买一部新车。He argued with the taxi driver about the fare. I argued her into buying a new car.2．assist vt. & vi.帮助，协助(＋with/in)；搀扶；n. 帮助，协助
A team of nurses assisted the doctor in performing the operation.一组护士协助医生施行手术。
She refused to assist at the reception for unknown reasons.不知什么缘故她不肯出席招待会。
【归纳拓展】
assist sb in doing sth帮助某人(做某事)
assist sb with sth帮助某人(做某事)
assist sb to do sth 帮助某人(做某事)
assist at到场；出席
assist sb to one's feet搀扶某人站起来We asked him to assist us in designing a new bridge.
我们请他帮助我们设计一座新桥。
【辨析】 Please help me arrange these papers.
请帮我整理这些文件。
They aided flood victims.他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。
She assisted him in his experiments.她协助他做实验。
【翻译句子】
他请求我们帮他完成他的计划。He asked us to assist him in carrying through his plan.3．accessibility n．易接近，可达；温和，可亲；容易相处；可获得性； accessible adj.可到达的，可接近的，可进入的，可使用的
The library is accessible every day, so it's a good place to read books.图书馆每天都可用，因此是一个读书的好环境。
【归纳拓展】
access n. 接近；达到；进入；入口，通路
be easy (hard，difficult) of access容易(难)接近
give access to接见；准许出入
The only access to the town is across the bridge.
到镇上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。【翻译句子】 只有高级官员才可以接近总统。Only high officials have access to the president. Topics for conversation should be relevant to the experience and interests of the students.
谈话的题目应该与学生的经历和兴趣有关。
Any relevant information should be given to the police.
任何有关信息都应交给警察。
【归纳拓展】
relevance n．相关
irrelevant adj.不相关的；不贴切的
related adj.有关系的，有关联的(be related to)
be relevant to 与……有关4．relevant adj. 贴切的，有意义的；有关的 Wealth is seldom related to happiness.
财富很少与幸福有关。
【翻译句子】
这些事实和此案有关。These facts are relevant to the case./These facts are related to the case.1．sort out整理好；挑出；解决；整顿；惩罚；打败；(和反身代词连用)解决……之间的问题；(使)恢复正常
Sort out these papers and fasten them together with a clip，please.请把这些文件整理一下，用夹子夹在一起。
【归纳拓展】
sort out...from把……从……挑出来
sort...into...把……分成……类
all of a sort 差不多，大同小异
of a sort同一种(类)；相当的；勉强称得上的；较差的；所谓的a sort of 一种
out of sorts觉得不舒服，情绪不佳，心里不自在
I sorted the books into big ones and small ones.
我把这些书整理成大的和小的两类。
A hammer is a sort of tool.锤子是一种工具。
He's a sort of people who're incapable of deceiving you.
他是那种不会欺骗你的人。
【翻译句子】
你可以求她帮忙，她是好人。You can ask her for help；she is a good sort. Now that you do not like dancing, then you will not attend the party.既然你不喜欢跳舞，那么就别参加舞会了。
Now that prices are rising so fast, all my money is draining away.由于价格上涨太快，我的钱都快花光了。
【注意】
now that是表示“原因”的连词，可以省略为now，语气比because委婉。2．now that既然，由于 由于看过了他的生活状况，我现在才知道他为什么需要那么多钱。【翻译句子】 Now that I've seen how he lives，I know why he needs so much money.1．While revising the OED, editors now have access to an enormous body of electronic data in addition to their more traditional resources.在修订《牛津英语大词典》的过程中，编辑们除了可以利用较多的传统资源外，还可以应用巨大的电子数据库体系。
While revising the OED 属于省略式状语从句，补充完整为：While they are revising the OED。
He will come if (he is) asked.如果叫他来，他就来。
Even if (I am) invited, I won't go to such a bad lecture.
即使邀请我去，我都不想去听如此坏的报告。在表示时间、地点、条件、方式、让步和比较的状语从句中，如果从句主语和主句主语一致或主语本身为it，并且从句中含有be动词时，常常可以把从句的主语和be动词省略，从而构成“从属连词＋形容词/现在分词/过去分词/名词/副词/介词短语”的结构。
When(I was) young, I loved music very much.
我年轻时非常喜欢音乐。
She hurriedly went out as if (she was) angry.
她匆匆出去了，好像生气了。【归纳拓展】 Whenever (it is) possible, you should come and help.
不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。
Lay these books where possible you can find them easily.
把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。
She has finished the work earlier than (it has been) expected.
她的这项工作比预料的提前完成了。
He acts as if (he were)a fool.
他的行为举止好像是个傻子。2．No one is really sure, but it seems likely that by the middle of the century all dictionaries will be in electronic form.没有人能够确定，但是看起来可能到本世纪中叶时，所有的词典都成为电子形式的。
(1)句中It seems likely that...是It is likely that...的一种情况，其中的be动词用seem替代。
(2)It seems that固定句型，意为“看上去好像……”，表事实。It seems that...句型也可以转换成名词或代词＋seem＋动词不定式的句型，其原意不变。如果动词不定式为to be＋形容词时，to be往往省略。American fast food seems to be the most popular in the world.看来美国的快餐是世界上最受人欢迎的。
She seems (to be) happy.她似乎很高兴。
It seems that it is going to rain.仿佛天要下雨了。
【归纳拓展】
It seems as if...看上去好像……(常用虚拟语气)
It seems as if it were spring already.似乎春天已经来了。
It seems as if he knew everything.
好像他什么都知道似的。①看来你睡眠不足。
②那事仿佛是昨天刚发生似的。【翻译句子】 It seems that you haven't got enough sleep. It seems as if that had happened only yesterday. 现在垃圾食品(junk food)越来越受到人们的欢迎，你们班将对“垃圾食品”这一话题进行讨论。请你根据下列提示用英语写一篇发言稿。内容要点应包括：
人们喜爱垃圾食品的原因：
(1)工作繁忙，没有时间做饭；
(2)方便，价格适中。发言稿【写作任务】 (2)方便，价格适中。
垃圾食品的危害：
(1)导致肥胖、高血压等疾病；
(2)没有营养。
个人的看法：……
注意：
1．发言稿必须包括所提示的内容，可适当发挥；
2．发言稿开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；
3．参考词汇：肥胖obesity；高血压 hypertension；
4．词数：120左右。Dear friends，
Nowadays, many people, especially young people and children, are fond of junk food.
That's all.Thank you.本篇习作的体裁是发言稿。发言稿一般要有问题的提出、分析、认识、自己的设想与构思等。具体地说要注意：
一、格式。一般的发言稿在格式上和书信有点类似，也由称呼语、正文、结束语和签名(也可以不写签名)构成，称呼一般以Dear...开头，也可以不用称呼，直接写正文。
二、结构。一般来说，我们应该开门见山提出本人要谈的问题及对问题的看法，然后说明理由，最后照应开头对全文作简明扼要的总结。【写作分析】 三、语言。发言稿是直接面向听众的，所以我们在语言的运用上要直白简洁，尽可能多使用简单句，一些经典的长句也可以用在文中。
根据题材要求应用一般现在时，人称使用第一人称。Dear friends，
Nowadays, many people, especially young people and children, are fond of junk food. Some of them even depend mainly on it.Why?
The first reason is perhaps that people are busy with work and hardly have time to cook.Therefore, they have no choice but to eat fast and junk food most of the time.Secondly, it is easy and convenient for people to buy junk food, which can help them save a lot of time.【范文欣赏】 However, junk food that is high in salt, sugar and fat does great harm to people's health.It can lead to obesity and hypertension.Besides, junk food offers little in terms of protein, vitamins or minerals.
In my opinion, we should have various healthy diets which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as remain food.We should try to eat healthy diets to build up our body.
That's all.Thank you.1．本文遵循了发言稿的写作要求，层次分明地组织了文章的结构，使文章浑然一体。
2．使用了一些高级词汇和短语：convenient, vitamins, nutrition, be busy with, do harm to, lead to, be high/rich in
3．运用了一些复杂的句式：
(1)The first reason is perhaps that people are busy with work and hardly have time to cook.
(2)Therefore, they have no choice but to eat fast and junk food most of the time.【名师点津】 (3)However, junk food that is high in salt, sugar and fat does great harm to people's health.
(4)In my opinion, we should have various healthy diets which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as remain food.课件28张PPT。1． vt.放大→ n.
2． adj.令人生畏的→ v．禁止
3． n．尴尬→ adj.感到尴尬的
4． adv.极其；极度地→ n．罪犯
5． adj.相当大的；相当多的→ v．考虑
6． adj.可替代的→ v．更替Module 6 Why Do We Need Dictionaries Period Three Reading and Vocabulary(2) & Cultural Corner 课件（外研版选修9）Ⅰ.单词识记 enlarge enlargement forbidding forbid embarrassment embarrassed criminally criminal considerable consider alternative alternate 7． n．投稿人→ n．贡献；投稿
人→ v．投稿；贡献
8． v．安排→ n.
9． adj.片刻的，短暂的→ adj.暂时的；短期的
10． adj.相互的，彼此的
11． adj.抽象的→ adj.具体的
12． v．给(书等)题名；给……命名
13． adj.可替代的，供选择的→ v．(使)轮流；交替
14． v．浏览contributor contribution contribute arrange arrangement momentary temperary mutual abstract specific entitle alternative alternate browse1．make sb's 结识某人
2． 精神错乱
3．turn 使变成
4．launch ...开始做……
5． 最后，终于
6． 一点也不
7．view... 把……看作是
8．look 查询，查找
9． one's throat清嗓子
10． connections between...在……间建立联系Ⅱ.短语天地 acquaintance go insane into into at long last not at all as up clear make1．After 20 minutes or so, the carriage turned into a long drive lined with tall poplars...
[信息提取] 句中lined with tall poplars为过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句which was lined with tall poplars。
[例句仿写] 这是一本由农民来写的书。Ⅲ.句型搜索 This is a book written by a peasant. 2．In the 150 years since it first appeared, Roget's Thesaurus has been updated many times.
[信息提取] 本句的时间状语In the 150 years since it first appeared是现在完成时态的标志。
[例句仿写] 自从他生病以来，我一直在他的床边陪伴着他。I have been at his bedside since he was ill. 3．It is an honour and a pleasure to at long last make your acquaintance, for you must be Dr.W.C.M.
[信息提取] for可引导原因状语从句，放在主句之后，起到补充说明的作用。
[例句仿写] 我感冒了，因为我在雨中走了一阵子。I caught a bad cold, for I walked around in the rain.阅读课文，根据课文内容选择。
1．James Murray wanted to visit Dr.W.C.Minor because .
A．Minor had come to see him before
B．Murray was sociable
C．Minor made great contributions to the dictionary compili
ng
D．the distance between them was shortⅣ.预读理解 2．Murray made an astonishing discovery that .
A．Minor was in an asylum
B．the mansion was forbidding
C．the person in the study was not Minor
D．Minor was in fact a patient in the asylum3．Which of the following statements about Roget's Thesaurus is not true?
A．The first version of it came out over 150 years ago.
B．All the words are listed in an order of alphabets.
C．The book provides a lot of opposites of given words.
D．It is easier to use an A－Z thesaurus than Roget's Thesau
rus.
答案 1.C 2.D 3.D Your kindness is grateful.你的友善令人感激。
I am grateful to you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。
【归纳拓展】
be grateful to sb for...感谢某人……
be grateful for sth感谢……
be grateful that...感谢……
I'd be grateful if you could...
如果你能……我将感激不尽。1．grateful adj.感激的，感谢的 I was grateful that they didn't ask me.
我感到庆幸的是他们没有问我。
I'd be grateful if you could pay in cash.
如果你能给付现金，我将十分感激。
【翻译句子】
她感激乔治为她所做的一切。She was grateful to George for all that he had done for her. We feared a momentary attack.
我们为随时可能遭到攻击而提心吊胆。
I caught a momentary glimpse of them.
我瞥了他们一眼。
【完成句子】
(她的恐惧感仅是瞬息间的)；it soon passed.2．momentary adj.片刻的，短暂的；时时刻刻的 Her feeling of fear was only momentary He couldn't hide embarrassment at his children's rudeness.他无法掩饰孩子们的无礼给他带来的难堪。
His mother's boasting was an embarrassment to him.
母亲的夸耀令他无地自容。
【归纳拓展】
embarrass vt.使窘迫；使困惑，使为难
embarrassed adj.(感到)尴尬的
embarrassing adj.(令人)尴尬的
embarrassment n．尴尬，窘迫
to one's embarrassment 令人尴尬的是……3．embarrassment n．尴尬；窘迫 ①Don't them (让……不好意思)asking personal questions.
②She (尴尬)by his loud laughter.【完成句子】 embarrass with/by was embarrassed4．entitle vt.给……题名；给……称号(尊称)；给予……权利(资格)(to)；使……有资格(做某事)
This ticket entitles you to a free lunch.
凭此券你可免费吃一顿午餐。
You are not entitled to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.
从未参加过工作，就没有资格领取失业救济金。entitle sb to do sth给某人权利或资格做某事
entitle sb to sth 授予某人某项权利
be entitled叫做，称为；题目是
be entitled to do sth 对……享有权利；值得；有(做某事)的资格(权利)
【完成句子】
Every child in the country is
(都享有免费上学接受教育的权利)．【归纳拓展】 entitled to free education at school5．considerable adj.值得考虑的；不可忽视的；重要的；相当(大、多)的；可观的
He made a considerable sum of money in real estate.
他做房地产生意赚了大笔钱。
Paul is a considerable person in his town.
保罗是镇上的一位重要人物。
She still suffers considerable discomfort from her injury.
她因那次受伤至今仍感不适。
He bought the house at considerable expense.
他花了很多钱买了这所房子。considered adj.考虑过的，经过深思熟虑的；被尊重的
considerate adj.考虑周到的，体谅的；对……关心爱护的，体贴的；会照顾的(of)
considering conj.& prep.考虑到；就……而言；鉴于
用consider的相关单词填空
①The major is a official for a city.
②He is to old man.
③ he didn't study hard, he did well in the exam.【归纳拓展】 considerable considerate Considering6．alternative adj.两者(或若干)中择一的；可供选择的；可替代的；n.选择
There was no alternative route open to her.她别无选择。
If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.
要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭。
They had no alternative in the matter.
在这件事上，他们没有选择的余地。cannot help but do 不得不，不能不
cannot choose but do不能不做
can do nothing but do 只能做
have no choice/alternative but to do除……外别无选择
【翻译句子】
除了努力工作外，我别无选择。【归纳拓展】 I have no alternative but to work hard.At long last the cheque arrived.支票终于到了。
After 8 hours' struggle in the storm, the two brothers at long last arrived home.经过8小时的暴风雪中的艰苦挣扎，兄弟俩终于回到了家。at long last(经过努力之后)终于 ①After failing it many times, we succeeded.
②I don't know the end of the film.Do they die ？
③When they found him, he was almost dead.【辨析】 用finally、at last和in the end填空 finally in the end at last1．After 20 minutes or so, the carriage turned into a long drive lined with tall poplars...
lined with tall poplars为过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句which was lined with tall poplars。
【归纳拓展】
过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。作后置定语，既表完成，又表被动。有时也不表时间。大约20分钟后，车子进入一条两旁长 着成列的高高的白杨树的道路上行驶…… 句中 He is a teacher loved by his students.
他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。(不表时间)
Who were the so-called guests invited( ＝who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
(2011·全国Ⅱ，15)
A．joining B．to join
C．joined D．having joined
答案 C [句意：这个岛由一座桥和大陆连着，很容易去的。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。island和join之间是被动关系，故需用过去分词。joined to the mainland by a bridge相当于一个定语从句which is joined to the mainland by a bridge。]【高考在线】 2．In the 150 years since it first appeared, Roget‘s Thesaurus has been updated many times.
In the 150 years since it first appeared是现在完成时态的标志。
(1) since作连词，指时间，表示“自……以来”。since引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作从过去的某一点时间持续到现在，从句的时态常用一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时。
He has not written to me since he graduated from high school.自从他中学毕业以来，一直没有写信给我。在它问世以来的150年里，罗热的 分类词典已经更新了很多次了。 本句的时间状语 (2)当since从句中谓语动词是终止性的，表示动作亦已完成，则句子所表达的意思与动词词义是一致的。
Mr.White has lived here since he came to this city.
自从怀特先生来到这个城市，他就一直住在这儿。
(3)当since从句中的谓语动词是延续性的，是表示过去的动作或状态的结束，since从句所表示时间的起点，通常是从动作完成或状态结束之时算起。这时，从句所表示的意思与动词词义恰恰相反，具有否定意义。
He has never seen me since I was ill.
自从我病愈到现在，他从未来看过我。His first novel good reviews since it came out last month.
(2011·陕西，12)
A．receives B．is receiving
C．will receive D．has received
答案 D [句意：他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来受到了良好的评价。本题考查动词的时态。根据since it came out last month可知本句应用现在完成时，故选择D项。]【高考在线】 课件13张PPT。by prep.
1．表静态的位置，意为“在……的旁边”，相当于near，beside。
His house stands by the river.他的房子位于河旁边。
但He stands by me.他站在我旁边/他支持我。
2. 表动态的位置，意为“经过”，相当于past。
I go by his office every day.我每天从他的办公室旁经过。Module 6 Why Do We Need Dictionaries Period Two Language in Use 课件（外研版选修9）3. 表移动的方向，意为“沿，经由，横过，越过”，相当于along, through, across, over。
They went by the hill road.他们沿着山路去。
4．表“在……期间”，相当于during。
He works by night, and sleeps by day.
他在晚上工作，而在白天睡觉。
5．意为“最迟在……之前”，相当于not later than。
I will come back by six o‘clock.我将在六点以前回来。
6．表数量的单位，意为“以……计”。
He is paid by the hour.他按钟点计报酬。
The freight was charged by weight.运费以重量多少来计算。7．表相差的程度。
He is my senior by three years.他比我大三岁。
8．表连续或渐进，意为“逐一”。
He solved the problem step by step.他逐步解决问题。
9．意为“根据，依据”，等于according to。
It is just three o'clock by my watch.
依我的手表，现在刚好是三点。
10．表被动语态中的动作，意为“被……”。
He is respected by everybody.他被大家所尊敬。
11．表方法、方式，意为“靠……，以……，由于……”。
Let him know by letter.用信通知他。
He went to Japan by plane.他坐飞机去了日本。do/does
1．助动词
(1)用来构成疑问句或否定句。
Do you like skating？你喜欢滑雪吗？
(2)用在动词前来加强语气，表强调。
He does like playing computer games.
他的确喜欢玩电脑游戏。
(3)用来代替前面的动词。
Tom speaks English better than John does.
汤姆说英语比约翰好。2．v.
(1)表“做，从事”。
I'm busy doing my homework.我正忙着做作业。
(2)表“进行”。
My sister is doing well at school.我姐姐在校的情况挺好。
(3)表“适合；足够”。
—Can you lend me some money?
—你能借给我一些钱吗？
—Sure，will $ 20 do？—当然可以，20美元够吗？if conj.
1．引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，可用whether替代。
I want to know if you can come tomorrow.
我想知道你明天是否能来。
2．引导条件状语从句，意为“假如”，可以是真实条件，也可以是虚拟条件。
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨，我将呆在家里。
If I were you, I would tell my mother the truth.
如果我是你，我就会把事实告诉我妈妈。or
1．或，或者
Would you like tea or coffee？你喝茶还是咖啡？
2．否则
Hurry up, or you'll be late.快点，否则你会迟到。
3. 要么
Either you or he is right.要么你是对的，要么他是对的。
4．也不(用于否定句)
He can't read or write.他不会读也不会写。5．(引出解释性词语)或者说
It weighs a kilo, or just over two pounds.
这东西重一公斤，或者说两磅多一点。want
1．v.(通常不用于进行时)
(1)想要，要
Do you want some more coffee？你还要些咖啡吗？
(2)需要
What this house wants is a good clean.
这个房子需要好好打扫一下。
The plants want watering daily.这些花草需要天天浇水。
(3)需要……在场
You are wanted on the telephone.有电话找你。2．n.
(1)需要的东西
She spent her life pandering to the wants of her children.
她一生都在设法满足子女的需要。
(2)want of sth缺少，不足
(3)贫困，贫穷
Visitors to the slums were clearly shocked to see so many families living in want.到过贫民窟的人看到有这么多的家庭生活在贫苦之中显然震惊不已。why
1．adv.(用于问句)为什么，为何
Why were you late？你为什么迟到？
2．conj.引导名词性从句。
Tell me why you did it？告诉我你为什么这样做？
3．(反问)何必
Why bother to write? We'll see him tomorrow.
还费事写信干什么？我们明天就见到他了。4．作关系副词，引导定语从句，意为“……的原因”。
The reason why he was late is that he was ill.
他迟到的原因是因为他生病了。
5．语气词，(表惊讶或不耐烦)意为“嗨”。
Why Jane, it is you.嗨，简，是你。
固定搭配：Why not...？＝Why don't you...?
(表赞同或提出建议)好哇，为什么不呢？
Why ever？究竟为什么？
Why ever didn't you tell us before?
你为什么不早告诉我们呢？课件40张PPT。Electronic Dictionaries
The concept of high-tech is not just for rocket scientists anymore.It is trickling down to everyday usage, and serving a useful purpose for humanity.The electronic dictionary, also known as hand-held translator or pocket translator, is an effective learning tool that captures students' interest and does much more than just translate. Idioms, antonyms, synonyms, irregular verbs can be used interchangeably.The class time is not wasted on the flip-flip-flip of dictionary pages any more.
This machine shortens much of the distance between English and Chinese speakers.Students can be shown how to use the dictionary, with little technical direction.Using the dictionary removes the responsibility of the students who even don't know a word.Beginners gain a feeling of control over their learning environment and learning process. Even the most negative students lose their hatred of English by having a tool that simplifies and speeds up the learning process.It's fast and easy.Best of all, not everyone has to have their own machines.These can be shared.
The next obvious concern is which electronic dictionary to purchase.There are many different ones on the market.The “credit card” size ones do not have a large enough memory to be useful.At least 20 megabytes are necessary.If there are too many buttons in a small space, the machine becomes boring to use. The screen should be large enough so the user can easily read it.Most electronic dictionaries also feature items such as a calendar or an appointment book, a calculator, or an alarm watch.An honest evaluation of the user's needs should be considered.Read the passage and judge True or False.
1．An electronic dictionary can only be used as a translator. ( )
2．Beginners can gain much confidence by using this machine. ( )
3．When buying an electronic dictionary, we should choose one with a small size, fashion style and many different functions. ( )F T F 1． n．传记作家→ adj.传记的，传记体
的→ v．为……写传记→ n．传记
2． v．编纂，汇编→ n．编辑
3． v．修订→ n．修订者，校订者
4． n．引文，引语→ adj.引证的Module 6 Why Do We Need Dictionaries Period One Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary(1) 课件（外研版选修9）Ⅰ.单词识记 biographer biographic biographize biography compile compilatory revise reviser quotate quotative 5． n．缺点，毛病→ adj.不完美的；有错误的
6． n．出版→ v．出版→ n．出版商
7． adj.淘汰的，废弃的，过时的→ n．
过时，陈旧
8． v．扩大，扩充；壮大→ n．扩大，扩充→ adj.扩大的，扩展的
9． n．解释，说明→ v．解释，说明
10． n．批评家，评论家→ adj.批评的，批判性的→ n．批评，批判，责备fault faulty publication publish publisher obsolete obsolescence enlarge enlargement enlarged explanation explain critic critical criticism 11． v．加插图于；(用示例、图表等)说明，解
释→ n．图表，插图→ adj.说明的；解释性的
12． adj.简化的，简易的→ v．使简化；使简易→ n．简化illustrate illustration illustrative simplified simplify simplification 1．derive 从……衍生出；起源于
2． all time有史以来的
3． a contract签合同
4．be known 为……所熟知
5．consist 包含
6．as well 也，还有
7． than 而不是
8．Be on以……为基础
9． the touch of一触
10．be unhappy 对……不满意Ⅱ.短语天地 from of sign to of as rather based at with1．By 1882，there were three and a half million of them.
[信息提取] 在一般情况下，如果由by引导的从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或引导的状语为过去时间状语，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
[例句仿写] 到上个学期为止，我已经记住了3 500英语单词。Ⅲ.句型搜索 I had learned 3,500 English words by last term.2．The project was clearly too big for one person to edit, so Murray enlarged the editing team.
[信息提取] 句中含有“too...to...”结构。“too＋形容词/副词＋动词不定式”结构也称为“too...to...”结构。这种结构在多数情况下表示否定的概念，意为“太……而不能……；太……无法……”。然而，有时候却可以用这一结构来表示肯定意义。
[例句仿写] 那个问题太复杂，以至于我们无法解决。The problem was too complicated for us to solve it. 3．He signed a contract in June 1746 but the dictionary didn't appear until 1755.
[信息提取] not...until意为“直到……才……”
[例句仿写] 街上的噪音一直到午夜才停止。The noise of the street didn't stop until midnight.阅读课文，根据课文内容判断正误。
1．At the time, the best dictionaries in Europe were produced in England and Italy. ( )
2．Johnson spent more than three years in writing a new dictionary. ( )
3．Now, Johnson's book is the best English dictionary available. ( )
4．The OED is a comprehensive dictionary of modern English. ( )
5．By the 1990s，the publishers began to publish the OED. ( )Ⅳ.预读理解 × √ × √ × 1．revise v. 修订；校订；修改，修正；复习功课，温习功课
The writer revised the manuscript.作者订正手稿。
He revised his story to make it shorter.
他修改了他的故事，把它缩短了。
The final exams are coming, and I have to start revising.
期末考试即将来临，我得开始复习功课了。revise the constitution 修改宪法
revised edition 修订版
revised design 修改设计
revised data 修正数据
revise for v. 复习功课(迎考)
【翻译句子】
①我已改变了对他的看法。
②我没有很多时间为考试复习。【归纳拓展】 I have revised my opinion of him.I don't have much time to revise for tests. (1) n. 合同，合约
to enter into/make/sign a contract with the supplier
同供应商签订合同
a contract for the supply of vehicles
一份有关车辆供应的合约
to win/be awarded a contract to build a new school
争得建一所新学校的合同
These clauses form part of the contract between buyer and seller.这些条款构成了买卖双方所签合同的一部分。
2．contract (2) vt.订(约)，立(合同)；约定
Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.
有几个电脑工程师已经与金融部门签了约。
He has contracted to work 20 hours a week.
他签立了一周工作20小时的合同。
(3)vi.缩小，(使)收缩
Glass contracts as it cools.玻璃遇冷时收缩。
The exercise consists of stretching and contracting the leg muscles.这项锻炼包括伸展和收缩腿部肌肉。 (4)患(病)；染(恶习)
contract Aids/a virus/a disease感染艾滋病/病毒/疾病
(5) contract in (to sth)/contract out (of sth)订约参与/不参与……
Many employees contracted out of the pension plan.
许多员工退出了这个养老金计划的合约。
【翻译句子】
他明天签约是不足为怪的。 It is no wonder that he'll sign the contract tomorrow.3．fault n．缺点，缺陷；瑕疵；错误，毛病；(只用单)(承担错误的)责任；过失
The teacher found many faults in spelling and grammar in my composition.
老师在我作文中发现许多拼写和语法错误。
Every man has his faults.金无足赤，人无完人。
It was not our fault that we were late.
这次迟到不是我们的错。find fault (with)挑剔；找(……的)茬；对……吹毛求疵
find fault in 看出……的缺点；找出……的毛病
have no fault to find with无错可寻，无懈可击
be blind to one's faults对某人的错误/缺点置若罔闻
a fault on the right side 因祸得福
error是相对于准确而言的错误，故障，与mistake基本相近，而mistake更强调人为的可以避免的错误，而fault意为“失误，过失”。【归纳拓展】 ①The umbrella was taken by others by /in .
②Everybody thought it's his that caused the accident.用error, mistake和fault填空 mistake error fault4．available adj.可以得到的，可达到的，可用的；有空的，不忙的；有用的，有效的
This is the only room available.
只剩下这个房间可用了。
The swimming pool is available only in summer.
这个游泳池只在夏天开放。
The principal is available now.现在校长可以接见你。
He is not available for the job.他不适合做这项工作。
These tickets are available for one month.
这些票有效期为一个月。作形容词时，available常置于其所修饰的名词之后，如：a room/tickets available
be available to sb 可以为某人所用
be available for use可加以利用
【翻译句子】
图书馆在暑假期间有没有开放？【归纳拓展】 Is the library available during summer vacation? Zhou Enlai made outstanding contributions to the foreign affairs of China.周恩来对中国外交做出了卓越贡献。
The invention of paper was a great contribution to human civilization.纸的发明是对人类文明的一大贡献。
The editor is short of contributions for the May issue.
编辑缺少五月这一期上的稿件。
【归纳拓展】
contribute v．有助于；捐助；投稿；贡献
contribute to(to为介词)捐献(赠)，出钱；起作用，有助于，促成；投稿5．contribution v．贡献，捐赠；投稿；捐献物 contribute sth to向……捐(款)/捐献/捐助
make a contribution/ contributions to 捐赠；做出贡献
The scientist often contributes to an academic journal.
这位科学家常常给那家学术期刊撰稿。
He contributed generously to the Red Cross.
他对红十字会慷慨捐助。
He contributed half of his savings to the relief fund.
他将积蓄的一半捐献给救济基金会。All the factors
(促成了他在商业中的巨大成功)．【完成句子】 contributed/made contributions to his great success in business I want to enlarge the lawn.我想把草坪扩大。
I planned to enlarge this photograph.
我计划放大这张照片。
The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged.
警方把失踪姑娘的照片放大了。
【归纳拓展】
enlarge是由large(adj.)加了前缀(en-)构成的动词，“en”也可以放在形容词之后，构成同义动词。如：enable(使……能)，endear(使……受喜爱)，enrich(使……富裕)，ensure(保证，使……安全)；lessen(减少)，6．enlarge vt.扩大，增大，扩展；(照片等)放大 worsen(恶化，变得更坏)，widen(加宽)，deepen(加深)，sharpen(削尖)，sweeten(使变甜)，richen(使富有)，thicken(使变厚)，quicken(加快)，soften(使软化)等。
【完成句子】
My kitchen is too small and it needs
(enlarge)．enlarging/to be enlarged
Many rated him the best student of all time.
许多人认为他是有史以来的最优秀的学生。
【归纳拓展】
ahead of time 提前
all the time一直
at a time一次
at all times在任何时候；经常
at no time决不
at one time一度，过去曾经of all time有史以来的 at the same time 同时；尽管如此
at the time那时
at times有时
【完成句子】
①他一直哭着。
He kept crying
②从前街上没这么多车子。
there were not so many cars on the street.
③有时候我到海滩去。
I go out to beach.all the time At one time At times在一般情况下，如果由by引导的从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或引导的状语为过去时间状语，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时或引导的状语为将来时间状语，主句的谓语动词就用将来完成时。以上两种情况下主句中的谓语动词是表示动作的动词，当主句中的谓语动词是表状态的动词，如果by引导表过去的时间状语，主句可用过去时态的系表结构；1．By 1882，there were three and a half million of them. 到1882年，引言条的数量就已经积累到了350万。 如果by引导表将来的时间状语，这时主句可用将来时态的系表结构，意为“不迟于；到……时为止”。常用结构：by the time；by the end of。
Your son will be all right by supper time.
你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。
By 19th century, there were 20,000 residents in the town.
到19世纪时，城镇居民达到了20 000。
By the time you read the letter, I will be flying to New York.你读这封信时，我将在飞往纽约的飞机上。
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
明天此时，你已经到达上海了。在我们到达他们家之前，他们将已经吃完晚饭了。
By the time ，
they .【完成句子】 we get to their house will have finished supper 2．The project was clearly too big for one person to edit, so Murray enlarged the editing team.
“too...to...”结构。“too＋形容词/副词＋动词不定式”结构也称为“too...to...”结构。这种结构在多数情况下表示否定的概念，意为“太……而不能……；太……无法……”。然而，有时候却可以用这一结构来表示肯定意义。
He is too inclined to give himself airs.他喜欢装模作样。显然，这项工作由一个人编辑 任务太重，因此默里扩大了编辑队伍。 句中含有 (1)表示否定意义
①在too...to...这一结构中，too后常跟形容词或副词，有时也可跟一个用作形容词的过去分词。
He is too tired to think of anything.
他太累了，什么也不想了。
②在too...to...这一结构中，如果主语是不定式动作的承受者，不定式可用主动形式，也可用被动形式。
The water is too hot to drink.＝The water is too hot to be drunk.水太热，不能喝。(此句中尽管用了主动形式，但意义是被动的。)【归纳拓展】 ③在too...to...结构中，可以加上一个不定式的逻辑主语for sb (sth)，这样可以起到一定的限制作用，即限制不定式表示的动作只适用于它的逻辑主语。对于其他人或物则不一定是这样，这就使句子意思更具体、明白。
His question is too easy for me to answer.
他的问题对我来说太容易了。
He spoke too fast for me to follow.
他讲话太快，我听不懂。(2)too...to...表示肯定意义
①当too后面接anxious，eager，ready，nervous，glad，satisfied, kind, willing, good, happy, pleased, careful, easy, early，well，near，true等一类形容词时，too...to...结构表肯定意义。这时，动词不定式及短语修饰的不是副词too，而是它后面的形容词。
He is too ready to speak.他太爱讲话了。
She is too anxious to see him.她太想见到他了。②在too...to do...结构中的too之前加上用于加强语气的only，but，simply，just，all等词时(而only too或but too作very解时)，则动词不定式表示肯定的意思。
I am all too satisfied to go with him.
我很乐意和他一起去。
He is only too happy to see you.他见到你真是太高兴了。
③当too前面有never或not时，构成“never too...to do...”意为“永远不……所以能……”；“not too...to”意为“并不太……所以能……。”
It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。
English is not too difficult to learn.英语并不太难学。④有时句中的too在意义上与后面的动词不定式无关，因而不定式不含有否定的意义。
It is too much to say that he is an excellent teacher.
说他是位极好的老师并不过分。
⑤在“too...to...”结构中，不定式表示否定，如在不定式前加上一个否定词not，即“too...not to do”，就变成肯定了，意为“太……不会不……”或译为“非常……必定能……”，相当于so...that one can...。He is too wise not to know it.＝He is so wise that he can know it.他很精明，这他不会不知道。
He is too kind not to help you.＝He is so kind that he can help you.他很善良，不会不帮助你。
【完成句子】
这问题太难，我计算不出来。
①The problem is difficult out.
②The problem is not out.
③The problem is hard out.too for me to work easy enough for me to work so that I can't work
