高考英语阅读理解指导-推理判断题的7大解题技法学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 高考英语阅读理解指导-推理判断题的7大解题技法学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-27 07:15:31 | ||
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专攻解题方法与技巧
英语阅读理解指导-推理判断题的7大解题技法
推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或论据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，它一般具有以下特征：
(1)“立足原文，只推一步，”即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。
(2)选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如 only，never，all，absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如 often，usually，sometimes，some，may，might，can，could，possibly，probably等。
对于推理判断题，学生在平时的备考中要多注意从整体上把握语篇内容，判断文章体裁，通过分析文章结构找到主题段，定位主题句，再分析其他各段与主题之间的关系，理清文章脉络和结构；此外，还应学会理解字里行间的隐含意义，在已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，领会字里行间的“弦外之音”。具体方法如下：
技法(一) 根据作者的思想倾向和感彩推断观点态度
此方法适用于推断作者及文中人物的观点、态度、情感等。观点和态度一般分为三类：支持或反对、乐观或悲观、主观或客观。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文中的字里行间。解答此类题目应多注意行文中的措辞，特别是具有感彩的形容词或副词
[典例] (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support，the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视)on emotion by employers，educators and others interested in promoting social well being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.34．What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. [解析] 根据本段第一句中的“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful”可知，作者认为情商的普及整体上利大于弊，由此可知，作者对于情商的普及持支持态度。[答案] A
技法(二) 根据特定信息和逆向思维进行推断
有些推理判断题，可根据题干提供的信息，到原文中去抓关键信息，然后进行分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维，从而得出正确答案
[典例] (2022·全国乙卷)Today's figures，according to one government official，show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance，and the industry is playing its part.35．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy A．It is a short sighted decision.B．It is a success story.C．It benefits manufacturers.D．It upsets customers. [解析]本题询问的是“关于采用糖税政策可以推断出什么”，根据文段中的“Today's figures，...show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance，and the industry is playing its part.”可知，今天的数字显示了糖税对体育设施和学校的健康饮食的积极影响。帮助下一代拥有一个健康且积极的童年是非常重要的，而这个行业正在发挥其作用。由此可推断，采取糖税政策是一个成功的例子。故选B项。[答案] B
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技法(三) 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
文章是作者抒发感情、表达观点的一种方式。因此，很多文章，尤其是记叙文和议论文，其语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态以及作者的写作意图。利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨的基础上对文章准确地进行逻辑判断。找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子，对掌握文章主旨大意、了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有用处
[典例] (2021·全国甲卷)In the sciences and arts，those praised as geniuses were most often white men，of European origin.Perhaps this is not a surprise.It's said that history is written by the victors，and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women，or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.32．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club A．They're unfair.B．They're conservative.C．They're objective.D．They're strict. [解析] 根据本段最后一句可知，当女性、有色人种、有不同信仰的人对社会做出贡献后，他们并不能得到认可。该句对当时的评价标准作出了否定，作者认为这种现象是不公平的。因此解答本题应当从上文语境中对不公平的批评出发。[答案] A
技法(四) 根据上下文的逻辑进行结论推断
结论推断是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。解答这类题的前提是获得文章的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行推断
[典例] (2021·全国甲卷)Port Lympne Reserve，which runs a breeding(繁育)programme，has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽)．When the tiny creature arrived on January 31，she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival，especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(圈养)．24．Which of the following best describes the breeding programme A．Costly. B．Controversial.C．Ambitious.D．Successful. [解析] 根据本段第二句中的“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve”可知，该动物保护区已经成功繁育出40头稀有黑犀牛；再根据最后一句中的“especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity”，可知，黑犀牛的繁育难度很高。综合前面两句提供的信息可以推断出，黑犀牛的繁育效果很好，再结合上下文语境可以推知该项目非常成功。[答案] D
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技法(五) 整合全文(段)信息进行推断
有些推理判断题，很难从某一句话或某几句话推断出其含义，这时就需要在理解全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，从而确定最佳答案
[典例] (2021·全国甲卷)Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite: Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant don't worry about it.Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Toby came over，helping me up: Safe，man.Safe.A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting：“Safe！Safe！Safe！”And that's what mattered—landing tricks，being a good skater.When I was 15，my family moved to Washington.I tried skateboarding there，but the locals were far less welcoming.Within a couple of years，I'd given it up.When I returned to London in 2004，I found myself wandering down to Southbank，spending hours there.I've traveled back several times since，most recently this past spring.The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters.Weaving(穿梭)among the kids who rushed by on their boards，I found my way to the beam.Then a rail thin teenager，in a baggy white T shirt，skidded(滑)up to the beam.He sat next to me.He seemed not to notice the man next to him.But soon I caught a few of his glances.“I was a local here 20 years ago，”I told him.Then，slowly，he began to nod his head.“Safe，man.Safe.”30．Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London A．To join the skateboarding. B．To make new friends.C．To learn more tricks. D．To relive his childhood days. [解析] 本题需要结合第一段、第二段和第三段的内容进行综合分析。根据第一段可知，作者通过玩滑板融入了当地的环境、结交了新的朋友，并度过了一段快乐的时光；第二段叙述了作者一家搬去华盛顿后，由于周围的人并不像Southbank附近的人那么热情，作者不再像以前一样快乐地玩滑板了。因此，他返回伦敦时，去Southbank的目的在于重温当年的快乐时光。结合全文信息可推断出答案。[答案] D
技法(六) 根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处
判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等；广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖，时效性强
[典例] (2022·全国乙卷)In 1916，two girls of wealthy families，best friends from Auburn，N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to move to Elkhead，Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden，who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.Why did they go then？Well，they wanted to do something useful.Soon，however，they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family，the Harrisons，and，like them，had little privacy，rare baths，and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings，Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold.In spring，the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden's book，she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism，which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.A hair raising section concerns the building of the railroads，which entailed(牵涉)drilling through the Rockies，often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍)of the people move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff，on her horse，looking down from a hill top：“When the sun slipped behind the mountains，it shed a rosy glow all around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes，coyotes，mice，and varying hares，which turned white in the winter.”27．What is the text A．A news report. B．A book review.C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
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[解析] 根据第一段中的“Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden，who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.”，第四段中的“In Wickenden's book，she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism，which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.”和最后一段中的“Wickenden is a very good storyteller.”可推知，本篇文章是一则书评。[答案] B
技法(七) 理解通篇大意、把握写作意图
做推理判断题时，应对整篇文章有完整、准确的理解，从总体上把握文章的主题，善于抓住文中的关键词或关键句，对文章的引申含义进行分析。整合与题目相关的信息，综合起来去把握写作意图，确定最佳结论
[典例] (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)In the mid 1990s，Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months，physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later，still attracted to the country，he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit，however，ended up involving a lot more than that．Hence this book，Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia，which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan，where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land，and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam，his translator，a lovely 24 year old who picked up his colorful English in California，Oleg and Natasha，his hosts in Tashkent，and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan，made of friendliness and warmth，but also its darker side of society.In Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders，while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghana，he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan，he is saddened by the dust storms，diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references，making his tale a well rounded picture of Uzbekistan，seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American，as well as his delicate stomach.As the author explains，this is neither a travel nor a history book，or even a piece of reportage.Whatever it is，the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.11．What is the purpose of this text A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination.
[解析] 文章第一段提到，Tom Bissell在几年之后回到乌兹别克斯坦，想写一篇关于咸海消失的文章，结果写成了一本书；接下来第二、三段详细介绍了书中的内容；最后一段是对这本书的总体评价。因此通过对本文大意的理解可判断出，本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。[答案] A
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A
(2022·南京盐城高三一模试题)I'm rather good at using maps.But I forgot the maps and here we were，late afternoon，last day of vacation，my daughter，my cousin and I，driving along a two lane highway in Oregon.No other car in sight，and the sun had just gone down.Where was that sweet little village
It was supposed to be right along this river.We drove on，farther into the unknown river always at left as our guide.We kept passing farms and fields and now a few lights were coming out.In my head，I was doing a lot of self criticisms: Why didn't we start earlier，bring the map and so on？My cousin and I were both impatient and stressed.My daughter，at least，was happy in the back seat，texting a friend.I pulled up on the shoulder of the road to think.
Just then—Wow！Amazing！A new scene appeared.Where did it come from
Right there，out of nowhere：a magical misty landscape.Fields stretched in silent purple，with rows of tall trees，darkening in the dusk(黄昏)．I turned the car engine off.All was silent in the hot summer air.Beside us，a plum coloured river hardly moved between a border of trees，its dark lazy water reflecting the last light of day.
How breathtaking！Where had it been？If I had seen even a bit of this beauty while driving along，I could have stopped and taken a look.I had missed it all.
We miss a lot，almost everything，in fact，in our world.Our task focused filters(过滤器)take care of that，selecting only what we need.We need to get to work.Have some lunch.We see what we need to see，often for purposes of survival.Gregory Bateson，speaking of beauty，said the judgment is selection of a fact.In our daily lives，who or what is doing the selecting？Can we make a change？Can we see further
【语篇解读】 在度假的最后一个下午，作者由于忘记带地图，在沿河岸驾车回家时突然发现找不到回家的路了，于是作者把车停在路基上思考回家的路。就在那时，作者突然发现眼前的夏日黄昏的美景，最后作者感叹：我们的人生太过匆忙，做任何事情都是为了生存，所以我们错过了很多生活中的美。
1．Which of the following might be the destination of the author's driving
A．Her own home. B．A vacation spot.
C．A tourist centre. D．Her cousin's farm.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的描述，可知，作者是度假的最后一个晚上沿着一条公路行驶，可推断此时她们在返程，作者的目的地是自己的家。
答案：A
2．What made the author keep blaming herself in the beginning
A．That the vacation was below her expectations.
B．That she wasn't as good at using maps as before.
C．That her cousin and daughter couldn't get along.
D．That lack of full preparations got her to lose her way.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Why didn't we...and so on？”可知，作者自责没有早点出发和带上地图等，可推知，作者因自己没有充分准备导致迷了路而不断自责。
答案：D
3．The author felt really amazed because______________．
A．her carelessness brought an unexpected pleasure.
B．she discovered a tourist spot unknown to the public.
C．she unintentionally reached what she had planned.
D．the right route to her destination came out of nowhere
解析：推理判断题。根据前两段内容可知，由于作者未充分准备而迷了路，再结合第三、四、五段的描述可知，作者突然看到了美丽的黄昏，由此可推知，作者的粗心令她欣赏到意想不到的黄昏美景。
答案：A
4．What does the story intend to tell us
A．Stay cool when you are trapped in trouble.
B．Make a change for the purpose of survival.
C．Slow down your pace to enjoy the beauty in life.
D．Be positive because there's always an alternative.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知，作者想通过这个故事告诉我们：要放慢脚步，去享受生活中的美。
答案：C
B
My husband jokes with me that my midlife crisis was having my now 11 year old daughter in my 40s.
I started my career as Associate Editor at Woman's World magazine in the late 1990s.Then I was a magazine editor in chief of five national consumer publications and also contributed to magazines like Longevity and New Woman.
Four years after getting married in 2005，I eventually gave birth to my daughter，Crystal.As I wrote on ：“As the doctor checked her vital organs and my husband counted her 10 perfect fingers and toes，I realized that my body had produced a wonder.”
While my peers were dealing with the stresses of kids in school，I focused my creative energy on carving out my new identity.I was excited when I was offered a“Mum's Talk”column where I wrote about toys，breastfeeding，and my ongoing pursuit of“baby free”time.
When Crystal was 3 years old，I wrote an essay about watching her dance at a toddler(学步的儿童)reading group in the library，instead of sitting down with the other children.I expected her performance to annoy people，but her joyful dancing attracted them and made me consider my own possibilities.
“Had I ever been that way，I wondered.If so，could I be like that again？Could I become as free as a child with her whole life ahead of her，ready and willing to be the star of her own production？”
As my daughter transformed from a toddler into a young girl，she continued to be my inspiration.I wrote about the new rules for babysitting and shared research showing that fathers who participated in housework had a positive impact on their daughter's future success on The Washington Post.
I focused on providing Crystal with resilience building when she neared her teens.I wrote about powerful phrases on The Week，like“no one is the judge of your self worth”．
As my daughter continues to grow during this messy time，there is one certainty：I will continue to tell my stories，through my midlife wisdom.I can't wait to see her next chapter—and for you to read mine.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了作者作为一名作家、主编及后来的新身份——宝妈，在事业与抚育孩子过程中的一些成长及感悟。
5．How did the author feel when giving birth to her daughter
A．Frightened. B．Pleased.
C．Puzzled. D．Disappointed.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As the doctor checked her vital organs and my husband counted her 10 perfect fingers and toes，I realized that my body had produced a wonder”，可知，当医生给孩子检查重要器官，丈夫把孩子十个手指和十个脚趾数个遍时，作者认为自己的身体孕育了一个奇迹。据此可以推断，作者应该会感到高兴，故 B项正确。
答案：B
6．In terms of being a parent，the author differed from her peers in that________．
A．she had to deal with more stresses from being a mum
B．she left all the babysitting work to her husband
C．she combined the new identity with her career
D．she adopted a creative method of raising her baby
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可以推断，作者和其他妈妈的不同之处在于，作者把妈妈这个角色和她自己的本职工作结合了起来，故C项正确。
答案：C
7．What did Crystal's performance in the library make the author think about
A．Living the same free life as her daughter's.
B．Giving performance in front of a crowd.
C．Her previous life before having the baby.
D．Pure pleasure during“baby free”time.
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段的内容，尤其是该段最后一句“Could I become as free as a child with her whole life ahead of her，ready and willing to be the star of her own production”，可知，作者看到女儿在图书馆跳舞的时候，她想像女儿一样自由自在地生活，故A项正确。
答案：A
8．Why does the author consider Crystal as her inspiration
A．Crystal has inspired her to take a writing career.
B．She has started writing in the tone of Crystal.
C．Her writing keeps developing as Crystal grows.
D．Many of her stories are centered on her daughter.
解析：推理判断题。根据第七段的内容可以推断，作者把女儿看作自己写作的灵感源泉，因为随着女儿的成长她的写作也一直在发展，故C项正确。
答案：C
专题强化练(三) 推理判断题——观点态度类
A
[2020·石家庄高中毕业班教学质检(一)]In Spain，children and their families are riding bikes to school together in large groups.The programme is called“bicibús”or the bike bus.In Barcelona，the programme started recently with only five children and grew quickly to hundreds of riders.
This fall，children in the Eixample area of Barcelona have a new way to get to school on Fridays—they ride their bikes.In September，a group of five children began biking to school with their parents on Fridays.Soon the group grew to 150 or more.The bike bus begins around 8：25 every Friday morning.The path it will follow is always posted ahead of time，so everyone knows where to join.
Instead of riding in bike lanes(车道)or on sidewalks，the bicibús takes up the entire street.The commute(上下班路程)of these bikers takes about 25 minutes.And with the ever growing cycling and skating kids taking part in this bike bus culture，the local police are helping stop traffic by riding in front of the bicibús and behind it.This further makes the parents happy that the additional security means their children will travel safely to school.
With music playing and bike bells ringing，the bicibús feels like a party.“The best part of the bicibús is that we ride along and pick up our friends and we ride together，”nine year old María Pitarch says.
Some parents have made the bicibús the way they get to work on Fridays.Parents are hoping that the bicibús will help change ideas about how people can get around in the city.They want the city to create wider，kid friendly bike lanes that are separate from vehicle lanes.They point out that the bicibús also helps cut down on pollution.
Recently，pictures and videos of the Eixample bicibús got a lot of attention on social media.Many people pointed out what a simple idea it is，and how easy it is to get started.Already some other areas in Barcelona are also organizing bike buses.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了巴塞罗那的“自行车巴士”给孩子们带来了美好的体验，并受到很多人的青睐。
1．What can we learn about the bicibús
A．It has a flexible schedule.
B．Its route is made known in advance.
C．It takes up the whole sidewalks.
D．Its safety is a concern for parents.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The path it...where to join”可知，bicibús的路线会提前发布。
答案：B
2．Why does the author mention María Pitarch in the fourth paragraph
A．To introduce more about the bike bus.
B．To encourage readers to join the bike bus.
C．To acknowledge the performance of the kids.
D．To show the enjoyment kids get from the programme.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中María Pitarch所说的话“The best part...we ride together”可知，bicibús可以让María Pitarch和朋友们一起骑行，据此可以推断，之所以提到María Pitarch是为了讲述bicibús给孩子们带来的快乐。
答案：D
3．What do the parents expect the local government to do
A．Cut down on pollution.
B．Focus on traffic problems.
C．Build safer bike lanes for kids.
D．Promote the bicibús programme.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“They want the...from vehicle lanes”可知，父母希望政府能够创建更宽阔的、儿童友好型的、与机动车道分开的自行车车道，据此可以推测，父母希望当地政府为孩子们创建更安全的自行车车道。
答案：C
4．What is the public's attitude toward the bike bus
A．Skeptical. B．Tolerant.
C．Cautious. D．Favorable.
解析：观点态度题。根据第五段中的“Some parents have...work on Fridays”和“They point out...down on pollution”以及第六段的“Many people pointed out...get started”可以推知，大众对“自行车巴士”持支持态度。
答案：D
B
(2022·济南高三学情检测)Many of us have heard of Alex Honnold，who made history in 2018 when he became the first man to climb El Capitan without ropes or safety equipment.But his mother，Dierdre Wolownick，just became the oldest woman to conquer the famous peak：She reached the top on September 23—the morning of her 70th birthday.
Dierdre，the writer and language teacher，decided to take up climbing as a means of connecting more with her son.In 2008，accompanied by her son Alex，she visited a climbing gym and completed 12 routes that first day with his help，but it was months before she worked up the courage to return and practice on her own.
Dierdre became committed to the sport，and began to meet friends and sharpen her skills.She scaled(攀登)parts of Half Dome Trail and Cathedral Peak at a time when many people at her age are thinking about retirement and slowing down.The writer would go on to publish a book about her climbing experiences with Alex called The Sharp End of Life：A Mother's Story.
“As a mother，I am impressed by this role exchange process.Parents and children often wind up changing roles in life as they get older，” she writes in her book.“But never，I thought，is that transformation as obvious as when they climb together.”
On September 23，Dierdre and her friends set out in the dark，at 6 a．m.The route is steep(陡峭的)enough to require all fours，grabbing rocks and trees and whatever else will hold the weight.Yet despite all difficulties，the team made it to the top.“It was really inspiring to watch her and then to have her on top with all of us，”said one of Dierdre's friends.“There was a special look on everyone's face.We knew where we were.We knew how amazing the moment truly was.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了70岁的Dierdre Wolownick为了和儿子培养更亲密的关系，勇敢地挑战儿子的爱好——登山，并取得了不小的成就。
5．Why did Dierdre start climbing mountains
A．To know her son better.
B．To celebrate her birthday.
C．To seek writing inspiration.
D．To set an example for the old.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“decided to take up...with her son”可知，Dierdre之所以去登山是为了拉近和儿子的距离、更了解儿子，故A项正确。
答案：A
6．Which of the following best describers Dierdre
A．Patient. B．Courageous.
C．Intelligent. D．Generous.
解析：观点态度题。根据第二段中的“it was months...on her own”和最后一段中的“despite all difficulties，the team made it to the top”可以看出，Dierdre很勇敢，故B项正确。
答案：B
7．What does the last paragraph tell about Dierdre's climbing journey
A．It was worth the efforts.
B．It took days to be completed.
C．It was arranged on her own.
D．It required special equipment.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was really...the moment truly was”可以推断，Dierdre为登山所付出的努力是值得的，故A项正确。
答案：A
8．What may be a suitable title for the text
A．Mountain climbing benefits health
B．A mother goes beyond her son's wish
C．Climb together，bond closer
D．Slow down，better your life
解析：主旨大意题。结合文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了70岁的Dierdre为了更了解儿子Alex Honnold，毅然选择参与到儿子爱好的登山活动中，并取得了不小的成就，故C项“一起攀登，关系更近”适合作本文的标题。
答案：C
C
“It has nothing in common with anything else on the Bund(外滩)，”said Ben Wood，the American architect behind Shanghai's famous Xintiandi District，commenting on the Fosun Foundation after its completion in 2016.“The great thing about the Bund is that it's grand.Perhaps a building that can stand out is needed here to show that a company is progressive.But it's not grand.”
For now，however，the Fosun Foundation—a new theatre—is proving popular with riverside tourists.
Located in the Bund Finance Centre，the theatre was designed by co operation of two world known British design firms：Foster＋Partners and Heatherwick Studio.The architectural highlight is the outward appearance—a golden，three layered(层)，steel bamboo curtain that hangs from the third floor.But what makes the architecture really unique is that it “dances”：repeatedly each day，the curtain slowly moves—opens and closes—with music.This visual element，combining East and West，looks like both an ancient Chinese crown and a Western harp(竖琴)．The building's ground floor entrance looks unclear，but once inside，you'll see the space reveal a hall and café，and traditional Chinese theatres on the upper floors.Although there're only four stories above ground，the building houses several music halls on its three underground floors.
“The opportunity to make something new in this culturally historic location was extraordinary，” said Thomas Heatherwick，Heatherwick Studio founder.“We tried to make it an interesting addition to show Shanghai's mix of modern and historic architecture.”
The Fosun Foundation is only part of a bigger plan for this economic and cultural centre in China.Along the Huangpu River，a massive waterfront art area is being built.Shanghai hopes to play a larger role in the global art industry in the coming years.
What Shanghai makes of this new riverside project remains to be seen.But with the Fosun Foundation open to the public，the area's rapid transformation is bringing up discussions in China's arts scene and beyond.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海外滩复星艺术中心的特色及其意义。
9．What did Ben Wood mainly talk about
A．How to keep the Bund area progressive.
B．Why the Bund area doesn't stand out.
C．How to make the Fosun Foundation grand.
D．Why the Fosun Foundation doesn't fit the area.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，Ben Wood主要谈论了复星艺术中心不适合外滩的原因。
答案：D
10．What makes the theatre unusual
A．The colour of its appearance.
B．The material of the building.
C．The movement of its curtain.
D．The music of a different type.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，幕布的移动使剧院与众不同。
答案：C
11．What is Shanghai's bigger plan for the Bund area
A．To improve its influence in arts.
B．To bring up more traditional buildings.
C．To strengthen its economic role.
D．To mix modern and historic elements.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，上海对外滩地区的更大计划是使其在未来几年在全球艺术产业中发挥更大的作用，即提高外滩的艺术影响力。
答案：A
12．Which word best describes the author's attitude to the plan
A．Worried. B．Pessimistic.
C．Cautious. D．Confident.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者对于这个计划的态度是谨慎的。
答案：C
英语阅读理解指导-推理判断题的7大解题技法
推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或论据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，它一般具有以下特征：
(1)“立足原文，只推一步，”即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。
(2)选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如 only，never，all，absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如 often，usually，sometimes，some，may，might，can，could，possibly，probably等。
对于推理判断题，学生在平时的备考中要多注意从整体上把握语篇内容，判断文章体裁，通过分析文章结构找到主题段，定位主题句，再分析其他各段与主题之间的关系，理清文章脉络和结构；此外，还应学会理解字里行间的隐含意义，在已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，领会字里行间的“弦外之音”。具体方法如下：
技法(一) 根据作者的思想倾向和感彩推断观点态度
此方法适用于推断作者及文中人物的观点、态度、情感等。观点和态度一般分为三类：支持或反对、乐观或悲观、主观或客观。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文中的字里行间。解答此类题目应多注意行文中的措辞，特别是具有感彩的形容词或副词
[典例] (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support，the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视)on emotion by employers，educators and others interested in promoting social well being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.34．What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. [解析] 根据本段第一句中的“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful”可知，作者认为情商的普及整体上利大于弊，由此可知，作者对于情商的普及持支持态度。[答案] A
技法(二) 根据特定信息和逆向思维进行推断
有些推理判断题，可根据题干提供的信息，到原文中去抓关键信息，然后进行分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维，从而得出正确答案
[典例] (2022·全国乙卷)Today's figures，according to one government official，show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance，and the industry is playing its part.35．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy A．It is a short sighted decision.B．It is a success story.C．It benefits manufacturers.D．It upsets customers. [解析]本题询问的是“关于采用糖税政策可以推断出什么”，根据文段中的“Today's figures，...show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance，and the industry is playing its part.”可知，今天的数字显示了糖税对体育设施和学校的健康饮食的积极影响。帮助下一代拥有一个健康且积极的童年是非常重要的，而这个行业正在发挥其作用。由此可推断，采取糖税政策是一个成功的例子。故选B项。[答案] B
续上表
技法(三) 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
文章是作者抒发感情、表达观点的一种方式。因此，很多文章，尤其是记叙文和议论文，其语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态以及作者的写作意图。利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨的基础上对文章准确地进行逻辑判断。找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子，对掌握文章主旨大意、了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有用处
[典例] (2021·全国甲卷)In the sciences and arts，those praised as geniuses were most often white men，of European origin.Perhaps this is not a surprise.It's said that history is written by the victors，and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women，or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.32．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club A．They're unfair.B．They're conservative.C．They're objective.D．They're strict. [解析] 根据本段最后一句可知，当女性、有色人种、有不同信仰的人对社会做出贡献后，他们并不能得到认可。该句对当时的评价标准作出了否定，作者认为这种现象是不公平的。因此解答本题应当从上文语境中对不公平的批评出发。[答案] A
技法(四) 根据上下文的逻辑进行结论推断
结论推断是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。解答这类题的前提是获得文章的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行推断
[典例] (2021·全国甲卷)Port Lympne Reserve，which runs a breeding(繁育)programme，has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽)．When the tiny creature arrived on January 31，she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival，especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(圈养)．24．Which of the following best describes the breeding programme A．Costly. B．Controversial.C．Ambitious.D．Successful. [解析] 根据本段第二句中的“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve”可知，该动物保护区已经成功繁育出40头稀有黑犀牛；再根据最后一句中的“especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity”，可知，黑犀牛的繁育难度很高。综合前面两句提供的信息可以推断出，黑犀牛的繁育效果很好，再结合上下文语境可以推知该项目非常成功。[答案] D
续上表
技法(五) 整合全文(段)信息进行推断
有些推理判断题，很难从某一句话或某几句话推断出其含义，这时就需要在理解全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，从而确定最佳答案
[典例] (2021·全国甲卷)Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite: Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant don't worry about it.Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Toby came over，helping me up: Safe，man.Safe.A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting：“Safe！Safe！Safe！”And that's what mattered—landing tricks，being a good skater.When I was 15，my family moved to Washington.I tried skateboarding there，but the locals were far less welcoming.Within a couple of years，I'd given it up.When I returned to London in 2004，I found myself wandering down to Southbank，spending hours there.I've traveled back several times since，most recently this past spring.The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters.Weaving(穿梭)among the kids who rushed by on their boards，I found my way to the beam.Then a rail thin teenager，in a baggy white T shirt，skidded(滑)up to the beam.He sat next to me.He seemed not to notice the man next to him.But soon I caught a few of his glances.“I was a local here 20 years ago，”I told him.Then，slowly，he began to nod his head.“Safe，man.Safe.”30．Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London A．To join the skateboarding. B．To make new friends.C．To learn more tricks. D．To relive his childhood days. [解析] 本题需要结合第一段、第二段和第三段的内容进行综合分析。根据第一段可知，作者通过玩滑板融入了当地的环境、结交了新的朋友，并度过了一段快乐的时光；第二段叙述了作者一家搬去华盛顿后，由于周围的人并不像Southbank附近的人那么热情，作者不再像以前一样快乐地玩滑板了。因此，他返回伦敦时，去Southbank的目的在于重温当年的快乐时光。结合全文信息可推断出答案。[答案] D
技法(六) 根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处
判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等；广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖，时效性强
[典例] (2022·全国乙卷)In 1916，two girls of wealthy families，best friends from Auburn，N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to move to Elkhead，Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden，who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.Why did they go then？Well，they wanted to do something useful.Soon，however，they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family，the Harrisons，and，like them，had little privacy，rare baths，and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings，Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold.In spring，the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden's book，she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism，which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.A hair raising section concerns the building of the railroads，which entailed(牵涉)drilling through the Rockies，often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍)of the people move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff，on her horse，looking down from a hill top：“When the sun slipped behind the mountains，it shed a rosy glow all around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes，coyotes，mice，and varying hares，which turned white in the winter.”27．What is the text A．A news report. B．A book review.C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
续上表
[解析] 根据第一段中的“Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden，who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.”，第四段中的“In Wickenden's book，she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism，which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.”和最后一段中的“Wickenden is a very good storyteller.”可推知，本篇文章是一则书评。[答案] B
技法(七) 理解通篇大意、把握写作意图
做推理判断题时，应对整篇文章有完整、准确的理解，从总体上把握文章的主题，善于抓住文中的关键词或关键句，对文章的引申含义进行分析。整合与题目相关的信息，综合起来去把握写作意图，确定最佳结论
[典例] (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)In the mid 1990s，Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months，physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later，still attracted to the country，he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit，however，ended up involving a lot more than that．Hence this book，Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia，which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan，where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land，and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam，his translator，a lovely 24 year old who picked up his colorful English in California，Oleg and Natasha，his hosts in Tashkent，and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan，made of friendliness and warmth，but also its darker side of society.In Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders，while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghana，he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan，he is saddened by the dust storms，diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references，making his tale a well rounded picture of Uzbekistan，seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American，as well as his delicate stomach.As the author explains，this is neither a travel nor a history book，or even a piece of reportage.Whatever it is，the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.11．What is the purpose of this text A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination.
[解析] 文章第一段提到，Tom Bissell在几年之后回到乌兹别克斯坦，想写一篇关于咸海消失的文章，结果写成了一本书；接下来第二、三段详细介绍了书中的内容；最后一段是对这本书的总体评价。因此通过对本文大意的理解可判断出，本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。[答案] A
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A
(2022·南京盐城高三一模试题)I'm rather good at using maps.But I forgot the maps and here we were，late afternoon，last day of vacation，my daughter，my cousin and I，driving along a two lane highway in Oregon.No other car in sight，and the sun had just gone down.Where was that sweet little village
It was supposed to be right along this river.We drove on，farther into the unknown river always at left as our guide.We kept passing farms and fields and now a few lights were coming out.In my head，I was doing a lot of self criticisms: Why didn't we start earlier，bring the map and so on？My cousin and I were both impatient and stressed.My daughter，at least，was happy in the back seat，texting a friend.I pulled up on the shoulder of the road to think.
Just then—Wow！Amazing！A new scene appeared.Where did it come from
Right there，out of nowhere：a magical misty landscape.Fields stretched in silent purple，with rows of tall trees，darkening in the dusk(黄昏)．I turned the car engine off.All was silent in the hot summer air.Beside us，a plum coloured river hardly moved between a border of trees，its dark lazy water reflecting the last light of day.
How breathtaking！Where had it been？If I had seen even a bit of this beauty while driving along，I could have stopped and taken a look.I had missed it all.
We miss a lot，almost everything，in fact，in our world.Our task focused filters(过滤器)take care of that，selecting only what we need.We need to get to work.Have some lunch.We see what we need to see，often for purposes of survival.Gregory Bateson，speaking of beauty，said the judgment is selection of a fact.In our daily lives，who or what is doing the selecting？Can we make a change？Can we see further
【语篇解读】 在度假的最后一个下午，作者由于忘记带地图，在沿河岸驾车回家时突然发现找不到回家的路了，于是作者把车停在路基上思考回家的路。就在那时，作者突然发现眼前的夏日黄昏的美景，最后作者感叹：我们的人生太过匆忙，做任何事情都是为了生存，所以我们错过了很多生活中的美。
1．Which of the following might be the destination of the author's driving
A．Her own home. B．A vacation spot.
C．A tourist centre. D．Her cousin's farm.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的描述，可知，作者是度假的最后一个晚上沿着一条公路行驶，可推断此时她们在返程，作者的目的地是自己的家。
答案：A
2．What made the author keep blaming herself in the beginning
A．That the vacation was below her expectations.
B．That she wasn't as good at using maps as before.
C．That her cousin and daughter couldn't get along.
D．That lack of full preparations got her to lose her way.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Why didn't we...and so on？”可知，作者自责没有早点出发和带上地图等，可推知，作者因自己没有充分准备导致迷了路而不断自责。
答案：D
3．The author felt really amazed because______________．
A．her carelessness brought an unexpected pleasure.
B．she discovered a tourist spot unknown to the public.
C．she unintentionally reached what she had planned.
D．the right route to her destination came out of nowhere
解析：推理判断题。根据前两段内容可知，由于作者未充分准备而迷了路，再结合第三、四、五段的描述可知，作者突然看到了美丽的黄昏，由此可推知，作者的粗心令她欣赏到意想不到的黄昏美景。
答案：A
4．What does the story intend to tell us
A．Stay cool when you are trapped in trouble.
B．Make a change for the purpose of survival.
C．Slow down your pace to enjoy the beauty in life.
D．Be positive because there's always an alternative.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知，作者想通过这个故事告诉我们：要放慢脚步，去享受生活中的美。
答案：C
B
My husband jokes with me that my midlife crisis was having my now 11 year old daughter in my 40s.
I started my career as Associate Editor at Woman's World magazine in the late 1990s.Then I was a magazine editor in chief of five national consumer publications and also contributed to magazines like Longevity and New Woman.
Four years after getting married in 2005，I eventually gave birth to my daughter，Crystal.As I wrote on ：“As the doctor checked her vital organs and my husband counted her 10 perfect fingers and toes，I realized that my body had produced a wonder.”
While my peers were dealing with the stresses of kids in school，I focused my creative energy on carving out my new identity.I was excited when I was offered a“Mum's Talk”column where I wrote about toys，breastfeeding，and my ongoing pursuit of“baby free”time.
When Crystal was 3 years old，I wrote an essay about watching her dance at a toddler(学步的儿童)reading group in the library，instead of sitting down with the other children.I expected her performance to annoy people，but her joyful dancing attracted them and made me consider my own possibilities.
“Had I ever been that way，I wondered.If so，could I be like that again？Could I become as free as a child with her whole life ahead of her，ready and willing to be the star of her own production？”
As my daughter transformed from a toddler into a young girl，she continued to be my inspiration.I wrote about the new rules for babysitting and shared research showing that fathers who participated in housework had a positive impact on their daughter's future success on The Washington Post.
I focused on providing Crystal with resilience building when she neared her teens.I wrote about powerful phrases on The Week，like“no one is the judge of your self worth”．
As my daughter continues to grow during this messy time，there is one certainty：I will continue to tell my stories，through my midlife wisdom.I can't wait to see her next chapter—and for you to read mine.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了作者作为一名作家、主编及后来的新身份——宝妈，在事业与抚育孩子过程中的一些成长及感悟。
5．How did the author feel when giving birth to her daughter
A．Frightened. B．Pleased.
C．Puzzled. D．Disappointed.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As the doctor checked her vital organs and my husband counted her 10 perfect fingers and toes，I realized that my body had produced a wonder”，可知，当医生给孩子检查重要器官，丈夫把孩子十个手指和十个脚趾数个遍时，作者认为自己的身体孕育了一个奇迹。据此可以推断，作者应该会感到高兴，故 B项正确。
答案：B
6．In terms of being a parent，the author differed from her peers in that________．
A．she had to deal with more stresses from being a mum
B．she left all the babysitting work to her husband
C．she combined the new identity with her career
D．she adopted a creative method of raising her baby
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可以推断，作者和其他妈妈的不同之处在于，作者把妈妈这个角色和她自己的本职工作结合了起来，故C项正确。
答案：C
7．What did Crystal's performance in the library make the author think about
A．Living the same free life as her daughter's.
B．Giving performance in front of a crowd.
C．Her previous life before having the baby.
D．Pure pleasure during“baby free”time.
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段的内容，尤其是该段最后一句“Could I become as free as a child with her whole life ahead of her，ready and willing to be the star of her own production”，可知，作者看到女儿在图书馆跳舞的时候，她想像女儿一样自由自在地生活，故A项正确。
答案：A
8．Why does the author consider Crystal as her inspiration
A．Crystal has inspired her to take a writing career.
B．She has started writing in the tone of Crystal.
C．Her writing keeps developing as Crystal grows.
D．Many of her stories are centered on her daughter.
解析：推理判断题。根据第七段的内容可以推断，作者把女儿看作自己写作的灵感源泉，因为随着女儿的成长她的写作也一直在发展，故C项正确。
答案：C
专题强化练(三) 推理判断题——观点态度类
A
[2020·石家庄高中毕业班教学质检(一)]In Spain，children and their families are riding bikes to school together in large groups.The programme is called“bicibús”or the bike bus.In Barcelona，the programme started recently with only five children and grew quickly to hundreds of riders.
This fall，children in the Eixample area of Barcelona have a new way to get to school on Fridays—they ride their bikes.In September，a group of five children began biking to school with their parents on Fridays.Soon the group grew to 150 or more.The bike bus begins around 8：25 every Friday morning.The path it will follow is always posted ahead of time，so everyone knows where to join.
Instead of riding in bike lanes(车道)or on sidewalks，the bicibús takes up the entire street.The commute(上下班路程)of these bikers takes about 25 minutes.And with the ever growing cycling and skating kids taking part in this bike bus culture，the local police are helping stop traffic by riding in front of the bicibús and behind it.This further makes the parents happy that the additional security means their children will travel safely to school.
With music playing and bike bells ringing，the bicibús feels like a party.“The best part of the bicibús is that we ride along and pick up our friends and we ride together，”nine year old María Pitarch says.
Some parents have made the bicibús the way they get to work on Fridays.Parents are hoping that the bicibús will help change ideas about how people can get around in the city.They want the city to create wider，kid friendly bike lanes that are separate from vehicle lanes.They point out that the bicibús also helps cut down on pollution.
Recently，pictures and videos of the Eixample bicibús got a lot of attention on social media.Many people pointed out what a simple idea it is，and how easy it is to get started.Already some other areas in Barcelona are also organizing bike buses.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了巴塞罗那的“自行车巴士”给孩子们带来了美好的体验，并受到很多人的青睐。
1．What can we learn about the bicibús
A．It has a flexible schedule.
B．Its route is made known in advance.
C．It takes up the whole sidewalks.
D．Its safety is a concern for parents.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The path it...where to join”可知，bicibús的路线会提前发布。
答案：B
2．Why does the author mention María Pitarch in the fourth paragraph
A．To introduce more about the bike bus.
B．To encourage readers to join the bike bus.
C．To acknowledge the performance of the kids.
D．To show the enjoyment kids get from the programme.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中María Pitarch所说的话“The best part...we ride together”可知，bicibús可以让María Pitarch和朋友们一起骑行，据此可以推断，之所以提到María Pitarch是为了讲述bicibús给孩子们带来的快乐。
答案：D
3．What do the parents expect the local government to do
A．Cut down on pollution.
B．Focus on traffic problems.
C．Build safer bike lanes for kids.
D．Promote the bicibús programme.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“They want the...from vehicle lanes”可知，父母希望政府能够创建更宽阔的、儿童友好型的、与机动车道分开的自行车车道，据此可以推测，父母希望当地政府为孩子们创建更安全的自行车车道。
答案：C
4．What is the public's attitude toward the bike bus
A．Skeptical. B．Tolerant.
C．Cautious. D．Favorable.
解析：观点态度题。根据第五段中的“Some parents have...work on Fridays”和“They point out...down on pollution”以及第六段的“Many people pointed out...get started”可以推知，大众对“自行车巴士”持支持态度。
答案：D
B
(2022·济南高三学情检测)Many of us have heard of Alex Honnold，who made history in 2018 when he became the first man to climb El Capitan without ropes or safety equipment.But his mother，Dierdre Wolownick，just became the oldest woman to conquer the famous peak：She reached the top on September 23—the morning of her 70th birthday.
Dierdre，the writer and language teacher，decided to take up climbing as a means of connecting more with her son.In 2008，accompanied by her son Alex，she visited a climbing gym and completed 12 routes that first day with his help，but it was months before she worked up the courage to return and practice on her own.
Dierdre became committed to the sport，and began to meet friends and sharpen her skills.She scaled(攀登)parts of Half Dome Trail and Cathedral Peak at a time when many people at her age are thinking about retirement and slowing down.The writer would go on to publish a book about her climbing experiences with Alex called The Sharp End of Life：A Mother's Story.
“As a mother，I am impressed by this role exchange process.Parents and children often wind up changing roles in life as they get older，” she writes in her book.“But never，I thought，is that transformation as obvious as when they climb together.”
On September 23，Dierdre and her friends set out in the dark，at 6 a．m.The route is steep(陡峭的)enough to require all fours，grabbing rocks and trees and whatever else will hold the weight.Yet despite all difficulties，the team made it to the top.“It was really inspiring to watch her and then to have her on top with all of us，”said one of Dierdre's friends.“There was a special look on everyone's face.We knew where we were.We knew how amazing the moment truly was.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了70岁的Dierdre Wolownick为了和儿子培养更亲密的关系，勇敢地挑战儿子的爱好——登山，并取得了不小的成就。
5．Why did Dierdre start climbing mountains
A．To know her son better.
B．To celebrate her birthday.
C．To seek writing inspiration.
D．To set an example for the old.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“decided to take up...with her son”可知，Dierdre之所以去登山是为了拉近和儿子的距离、更了解儿子，故A项正确。
答案：A
6．Which of the following best describers Dierdre
A．Patient. B．Courageous.
C．Intelligent. D．Generous.
解析：观点态度题。根据第二段中的“it was months...on her own”和最后一段中的“despite all difficulties，the team made it to the top”可以看出，Dierdre很勇敢，故B项正确。
答案：B
7．What does the last paragraph tell about Dierdre's climbing journey
A．It was worth the efforts.
B．It took days to be completed.
C．It was arranged on her own.
D．It required special equipment.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was really...the moment truly was”可以推断，Dierdre为登山所付出的努力是值得的，故A项正确。
答案：A
8．What may be a suitable title for the text
A．Mountain climbing benefits health
B．A mother goes beyond her son's wish
C．Climb together，bond closer
D．Slow down，better your life
解析：主旨大意题。结合文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了70岁的Dierdre为了更了解儿子Alex Honnold，毅然选择参与到儿子爱好的登山活动中，并取得了不小的成就，故C项“一起攀登，关系更近”适合作本文的标题。
答案：C
C
“It has nothing in common with anything else on the Bund(外滩)，”said Ben Wood，the American architect behind Shanghai's famous Xintiandi District，commenting on the Fosun Foundation after its completion in 2016.“The great thing about the Bund is that it's grand.Perhaps a building that can stand out is needed here to show that a company is progressive.But it's not grand.”
For now，however，the Fosun Foundation—a new theatre—is proving popular with riverside tourists.
Located in the Bund Finance Centre，the theatre was designed by co operation of two world known British design firms：Foster＋Partners and Heatherwick Studio.The architectural highlight is the outward appearance—a golden，three layered(层)，steel bamboo curtain that hangs from the third floor.But what makes the architecture really unique is that it “dances”：repeatedly each day，the curtain slowly moves—opens and closes—with music.This visual element，combining East and West，looks like both an ancient Chinese crown and a Western harp(竖琴)．The building's ground floor entrance looks unclear，but once inside，you'll see the space reveal a hall and café，and traditional Chinese theatres on the upper floors.Although there're only four stories above ground，the building houses several music halls on its three underground floors.
“The opportunity to make something new in this culturally historic location was extraordinary，” said Thomas Heatherwick，Heatherwick Studio founder.“We tried to make it an interesting addition to show Shanghai's mix of modern and historic architecture.”
The Fosun Foundation is only part of a bigger plan for this economic and cultural centre in China.Along the Huangpu River，a massive waterfront art area is being built.Shanghai hopes to play a larger role in the global art industry in the coming years.
What Shanghai makes of this new riverside project remains to be seen.But with the Fosun Foundation open to the public，the area's rapid transformation is bringing up discussions in China's arts scene and beyond.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海外滩复星艺术中心的特色及其意义。
9．What did Ben Wood mainly talk about
A．How to keep the Bund area progressive.
B．Why the Bund area doesn't stand out.
C．How to make the Fosun Foundation grand.
D．Why the Fosun Foundation doesn't fit the area.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，Ben Wood主要谈论了复星艺术中心不适合外滩的原因。
答案：D
10．What makes the theatre unusual
A．The colour of its appearance.
B．The material of the building.
C．The movement of its curtain.
D．The music of a different type.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，幕布的移动使剧院与众不同。
答案：C
11．What is Shanghai's bigger plan for the Bund area
A．To improve its influence in arts.
B．To bring up more traditional buildings.
C．To strengthen its economic role.
D．To mix modern and historic elements.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，上海对外滩地区的更大计划是使其在未来几年在全球艺术产业中发挥更大的作用，即提高外滩的艺术影响力。
答案：A
12．Which word best describes the author's attitude to the plan
A．Worried. B．Pessimistic.
C．Cautious. D．Confident.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者对于这个计划的态度是谨慎的。
答案：C