(共65张PPT)
Unit 3
Sports and Fitness
基础知识排查
核心考点突破
写作能力提升
基础
知识排查
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soccer n.足球；足球运动
stadium n.(pl.stadiums or stadia)体育场；运动场
boxing n.拳击(运动)
badminton n.羽毛球运动
marathon n.马拉松赛跑
ski adj.滑雪的
vi.滑雪
速记——词汇句型背诵
Ⅰ.认阅读单词
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track and field 田径
gymnastics n.体操(训练)
legend n.传奇故事(或人物)；传说
glory n.荣誉；光荣；赞美
graceful adj.优美的；优雅的
push-up n.(especially NAmE)俯卧撑
error n.错误；差错
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event n.比赛项目；大事；公开活动
track n.跑道；足迹；铁路轨道
vi.& vt.追踪；跟踪
gym n.健身房；体育馆
sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿
vi.出汗；流汗
n.汗水；出汗
Ⅱ.记重点单词
athlete n.运动员；运动健儿
master n.高手；主人
vt.精通；掌握
medal n.奖章；勋章
apart adv.分离；分开；成碎片
captain n.(运动队)队长；船长；机长
pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮
million num.一百万
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cheat vi.作弊；舞弊
vt.欺骗；蒙骗
n.欺骗手段；骗子
audience n.观众；听众
positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
slim adj.苗条的；单薄的
diet n.规定饮食；日常饮食
vi.节食
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rather adv.相当；有点儿
jog vi.慢跑
n.慢跑
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fitness n.健康；健壮；适合
→fit adj.适合的；健康的 vt.& vi.适合
→unfit adj.不适合的
host vt.主办；主持 n.主人；东道主；节目主持人
→hostess n.女主人
Ⅲ.知拓展单词
honour n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸
→honourable adj.可敬的；体面的
→honoured adj.受尊敬的
championship n.锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号
→champion n.冠军；优胜者
determination n.决心；决定
→determine v.决心；决意
→determined adj.坚决的
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injure vt.使受伤；损害
→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的
→injury n.伤害；损伤
strength n.力量；体力
→strengthen v.增强
→strong adj.强壮的
failure n.失败；失败的人(或事物)
→fail v.失败
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compete vi.竞争；对抗
→competition n.竞争；比赛
→competitor n.竞争者；对手
→competitive adj.竞争的
stress n.压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；
使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安
→stressful adj.造成压力的
→stressed adj.感到压力的
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agricultural adj.农业的
allergic adj.过敏的
alphabet n.字母表
alternative adj.可选择的
n.可供选择的事物
altitude n.高地；高度
altogether adv.总共
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[词汇助力]
高频词汇
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amateur adj.业余的；外行的
n.业余选手
ambition n.野心；抱负
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come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快
work out 锻炼；计算出；解决
make it 获得成功；准时到达
set an example 树立榜样
fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃
lose heart 丧失信心；泄气
give up 放弃；投降
make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
Ⅳ.背核心短语
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pretend to do sth 假装做某事
even if/though 即使；虽然
make a difference 有作用或影响
rather than 而不是
cut...out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
now and then 有时；偶尔
compare...with/to... 与……比较
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They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.(who引导的定语从句)
他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。
The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.(现在完成进行时)
他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。
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Ⅴ.悟经典句式
A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.(even if引导的让步状语从句)
足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.(once引导的时间状语从句)
一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情就有了变化。
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Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”，I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”.(instead of doing)
我不会说“我想减掉3千克”，我会说“我想在8分钟内跑完2千米”或“我希望能做30个俯卧撑”。
By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier.(by doing作状语)
通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。
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填词——语境词汇串记
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
sweat，honour，pretend，positive，determination，rather than
Competitive Sports and Mass Sports
Including soccer，boxing，badminton，marathon，skiing，gymnastics and track and field，there seem to be hundreds of sports for us.In stadiums，gyms，or homes，we can work out 1. all over.
sweating
Competitive sports mean that athletes must compete against each other for medals in championships or events in Olympics to win 2. and glory for their country，which needs not only skills and strength but also great 3. .However，success often comes along with error，stress，failure and injuries.Sometimes even a master may fall apart，but he never loses heart.Finally he makes it and becomes a champion and legend，setting an example to pared with competitive sports，
honour
determination
sweat，honour，pretend，positive，determination，rather than
mass sports focus on fitness 4. competition.Millions of people go jogging or do push-ups to keep slim instead of going on a diet by cutting out fat.However，with no audience to shout encouragement，they may give up.They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or 5.________ to have done it otherwise，which doesn’t make sense.However，even if you take exercise now and then，it will make a difference and have 6. effects，won’t it
rather than
pretend
sweat，honour，pretend，positive，determination，rather than
positive
返 回
核 心
考点突破
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸(honoured adj.受尊敬的)
honour
It’s an honour for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事很荣幸。
feel it an honour to do sth 做某事感到荣幸
in honour of...向……表示敬意；为纪念……
be/feel honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸
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(1)Michael Jordan，a master in basketball，never lost heart even if he was faced with failure，for which he was greatly (honour).
(2)人们庆祝端午节纪念屈原，他是中国一位伟大的诗人。(话题写作之传统节日)
People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival ，who is a great Chinese poet.
honoured
in honour of Qu Yuan
(3)能有宝贵的机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
① to deliver a speech here.(it is an honour for sb to do)
② to deliver a speech here.(feel it an honour to do)
③ to deliver a speech here.(feel honoured to do)
It is a great honour for me to have the precious opportunity
I feel it a great honour to have the precious opportunity
I feel greatly honoured to have the precious opportunity
determine to do...决定做……(表示动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事
be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态)
n.决心；决定(determine v.测定；决定；确定 determined adj.坚决的；有决心的)
determination
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(1)Write a poem about how courage， (determine)，and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
(2)He determined facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality.
(3)就在那时我决定继续在农场工作，以便能帮助养活我的家人。
(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)
It was at that time that I so that I could help support my family.(determine to do)
determination
on/upon
determined to go on working on the farm
(4)决心很好地组织这次主题班会，我写信征求你关于哪些中国传统文化最吸引外国人的意见。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)
，I am writing to ask you for advice on which Chinese traditional cultures attract foreigners most.(过去分词短语作状语)
Determined to organize the theme class meeting wonderfully
do sb an injury(＝do an injury to sb)伤害某人
the injured受伤的人；伤员
get/be injured受伤
n.伤害；损伤(injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 injure vt.使受伤；损害)
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injury
(1)The captain recovered from his (injure) soon with the help of skilled doctors and nurses.
injuries
(2)尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。
①Though he ，he was determined to finish the marathon.
②Though ，he was determined to finish the marathon.
(用“连词＋过去分词”作状语改写)
got/was injured in the leg
injured in the leg
(3)营救队像箭一样冲往现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。(读后续写之动作链描写)
The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows，____________________
and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.
offered first aid to the
injured
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failure作可数名词，意为“失败者，失败的事”；作不可数名词，意
为“失败”。类似的词还有success，surprise，honour，difficulty等。
fail to do sth 没做成某事
n.失败；失败的人(或事物)(fail v.失败；不及格)
failure
(1)The athlete didn’t win a medal or become a champion，but the audience didn’t view him as failure.
a
(2)正如一句谚语说的那样，“失败是成功之母”。努力工作，你就会取得进步。(应用文写作之鼓励他人)
As a proverb goes，“ .” Work hard，and you will make progress.
(3)这对双胞胎感到沮丧，他们没做成一顿美味的母亲节早餐。
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
The twins felt depressed that they _______________________________
.
Failure is the mother of success
failed to cook a delicious Mother’s
Day breakfast
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compete with/against sb 和某人竞争
compete for sth 为……而竞争
compete in sth 在……中竞争
vi.竞争；对抗(competitive adj.竞争的，竞争心强的；有竞争力的 competitor n.竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者 competition n.竞争；竞赛，比赛)
compete
(1)As the youngest ，John will compete in the writing
for the annual award of writing.He must be very ____________ so that he can win.(compete)
competition
competitive
competitor
(2)在南瓜地里，我和我的兄弟姐妹比赛去找最大的南瓜。
(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)
In the pumpkin field，I to seek out the biggest pumpkin.
(3)尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛，但是真正重要的不是冠军称号，而是参与者在比赛中所展示出来的决心。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
，what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination that participants showed during the race.
competed with/against my siblings
Although/Though/While this was a competitive race
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give in屈服，投降
give out分发；用光；耗尽
give away赠送；泄露
give off散发(光和热等)
give way to给……让路
give sb a hand帮某人一个忙
放弃；投降
give up
(1)Although he didn’t admit that he had cheated in the exam，his facial expression gave him .
(2)On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth which gives ____ light in the dark.
(3)尽管已经失败多次，他们也不放弃，最终做出了美味的爆米花。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Though having failed many times， and finally delicious popcorn was made.
away
off
they didn’t give up
(4)看到这对双胞胎失望的脸庞，爸爸乐意帮助他们做早餐，并且温柔地轻声说道：“亲爱的孩子们，不要向暂时的困难屈服。”
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Seeing the twins’ disappointed faces，the father willingly ____________
and whispered gently，“My dear children，
.”
(5)简的精力已经耗尽了。她的脚像灌了铅一样沉重，她瘫坐在树旁，失控地哭起来。(读后续写之情感描写)
.Her feet felt as heavy as lead and she slumped beside a tree，weeping without control.
gave them a
hand to cook breakfast
don’t give in to the temporary difficulty
Jane’s energy had given out
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make for走向；冲向
make it获得成功；准时到达
make a/no difference有/没有作用或影响
make one’s way to前往，去
make sense of弄懂……的意思
make sure确信；一定
make up组成；补偿；编造；化妆；和解
有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
make sense
(1)用make的相关短语填空
①Pretending to have understood what your teacher said doesn’t .
②His words puzzled me so much that I had a hard time _________________
what he really meant.
③Although David ranked last in the cross-country run，he finally _______
to the finish line，with all the audience cheering for him.
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
④Attention，please！We’ll gather at the school gate at 8 am tomorrow and then the nearby farm to pick fruits.(应用文写作之口头通知)
make sense
making sense of
made it
make for/make our way to
(2)有时小小的善意就能产生巨大影响，使得这个世界更加美丽和谐。(读后续写之升华句)
Sometimes ，making the world more beautiful and harmonious.
(3)我确信如果你采纳以上建议，你会和你的搭档和好。(应用文写作之建议信)
I your partner if you adopt the above suggestions.
a little kindness can make a great difference
make sure that you will make up with
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cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)
cut in插嘴
cut off中止；切掉；使隔绝
cut up切碎
cut down砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等)
停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
cut...out
用cut的相关短语填空
(1)To keep physically healthy，the experts strongly suggest ____________
alcohol in our daily life.
(2)I usually the park on my way home so that I can arrive home earlier.
(3)She kept on on our conversation，which made us very annoyed.
(4)The captain the meat in his plate impatiently to show his anger.
(5)His company will its production if the water supply .
cutting out
cutting in
cut across
cut up
cut down
is cut off
even if意为“尽管；即使”，相当于even though，引导让步状语从句。
A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
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even if引导的让步状语从句
(1)即使我吓得浑身颤抖，我仍然鼓起勇气，走上舞台，开始了我的演讲。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
______________________________________________________________
，I still gathered up all my courage，stepped on the stage and began my speech.
(2)尽管他陷入了困境，他仍然乐意帮助处于困境中的人。
，he still willingly helped those in trouble.
Even if/though I was so frightened as to tremble all over/so frightened
that I trembled all over
Even if/though he was stuck in hardships
印证——高考原句呈现
These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.(2022·浙江1月)
这些发现激动人心，因为它们表明通过改善中年人的心血管健康来延缓甚至阻止他们患痴呆症是有可能的。
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印证——高考原句呈现
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The next step，according to the researchers，is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues，or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.(2022·全国甲)
研究人员表示，下一步是尝试确定凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状。
印证——高考原句呈现
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As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
作为学校的一名特殊教育老师，我熟悉大卫面临的挑战，并为他坚强的决心感到骄傲。
印证——高考原句呈现
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Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
记住，甚至是世界冠军运动员也会持续不断地练习他们的技能。
印证——高考原句呈现
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The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt.
(2019·浙江6月)
研究人员使用计算机模型计算出水分压力，该模型计算出树木获得的水量与所需的水量，并考虑降雨量、空气温度、土壤湿度和融雪时间这些因素。
巩固——基础知识达标
1.work out
(1)With great efforts the soldier worked out the problem. __
(2)The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width. __
(3)To win glory for our class in the sports meeting，I have been working out for an hour every morning. —
B
C
A.锻炼(身体) B.解决 C.计算出
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
A
(1)I often compare what I think to what others have thought. —
(2)Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer. __
B
A
A.把……比作…… B.把……和……比较
2.compare...to...
3.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加颜色词汇的汉语意思
(1)The 2008 Olympic Games is the biggest sporting event ever held in Beijing. ________
(2)Even if the architect worked hard，he still had a slim chance of winning the competition. ______________
(3)I can’t stress too much the importance of keeping diaries in English every day. ____
比赛项目
微小的；渺茫的
强调
1.The soldier felt greatly (honour) to see the emperor in the flesh.
2. (determine) to get to the destination，the athlete showed amazing willpower.
3.The architect got (injure) when hiking to the castle through a narrow path.
4.When checking out at the counter，the man found his credit card lost，so he had to give the purchase.
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
honoured
Determined
injured
up
5.The (compete) was extremely fierce and at last we won the match narrowly by 74 vs 72.
6.It is requested that we should cut the intake of fat and sugar to regain fitness.
7.Rather than (admire) the beauty of movie stars，I learned to discover my unique beauty.
8. (fail) is recognised as the mother of success，so as long as we don’t lose heart，we will succeed.
competition
down
admiring
Failure
9.I could not make sense what he said until he told me the story in detail.
10.I (try) to contact the official in charge of transport in the past three hours，but I haven’t been able to get through.
返 回
of
have been trying
写 作
能力提升
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Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
(2022·全国乙，书面表达)——就课外英语学习活动的调查结果投稿
已经调查了许多学生，他们对课外学英语采用了不同的方法。(who引导的定语从句)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Many students have been surveyed，who have adopted different ways to study English beyond the classroom.
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Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
即使65%的学生更喜欢听英文歌曲，50%的学生仍然选择看英语电影。(even if)
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
Even if 65% of the students prefer listening to English songs,50% of them still choose to watch English movies.
18%的学生可以通过读英语书籍提高他们的英语。(by doing...作状语)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
18% of the students can get their English improved by reading English books.
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Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
12%的学生不是运用以上学习方法，他们充分利用英语学习网站。(instead of)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Instead of using the above learning methods,12% of the students make full use of English learning websites.
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在我看来，一旦我们拥有一个合适的学习方法，我们可以取得更多的进步。(once)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Personally，once we have a suitable learning method，we can make much more progress.
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
1.情感描写
determination n.决心；决定→determine v.测定；决定；
确定
fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
lose heart丧失信心；泄气
give up放弃；投降
positive adj.积极的；乐观的
2.动作描写
track vt.追踪；跟踪
work out锻炼；计算出；解决
sweat vt.使出汗 vi.出汗；流汗
n.汗水
make it获得成功；准时到达
教材续写语料
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。
(2018·浙江6月，读后续写)
当看到一只兔子的时候，我和爸爸决定追它。兔子是如此迅速以致它消失在树林中。直到那时，我们才意识到最后一抹霞光正快速消失在树丛中。迷路了，我吓得一身冷汗，几乎要崩溃了。我颤抖着说道：“爸爸，我们怎样才能解决这个困境呢？”爸爸喃喃地说：“不要灰心！不要放弃！我们会成功到达农舍的！”
续写语料运用
When seeing a rabbit，father and I .So swift was it that it disappeared in the forest.Not until then did we realize that the last ray of twilight was quickly disappearing among the numerous trees.Lost，I from extreme horror and I nearly ____
.I said in a trembling voice，“Dad，______________________
？” Dad murmured，“Don’ t ! Don’ t ! We will ！”
返 回
determined to track it
续写语料运用
was in a cold sweat
fell
apart
how can we work out the
dilemma
lose heart
give up
make it to the farmhouse必修第一册 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The days of staring at the computer screen pretending to be interested in an assignment even though you are bored out of your mind may soon be coming to an end.That’s because if Dr Harry Witchel，Discipline Leader in Physiology at England’s Brighton and Sussex Medical School，has his way，computers of the future will be able to detect boredom and even react to it real-time.
But before you get concerned，the machine is not reading your mind.It is just keeping track of the constant involuntary(无意识的)movements that people exhibit when in front of a computer or even a television.These are not the bigger instrumental actions like moving a mouse or using the remote，but barely noticeable movements like scratching，fidgeting，or stretching.Witchel says the level of movement is directly linked to how absorbed the person is in what he or she is reading or watching.The higher the interest level，the less the movement!
To test the theory，Witchel and his team invited 27 people and exposed them to a variety of digital contents for three minutes at a time.The activities ranged from playing online games to reading documents like the banking regulations that most people would find boring.
A video motion tracker monitored their movements as they powered through each assignment.Just as the researchers had expected，the involuntary actions decreased dramatically，by as much as 42%，when the participants were totally absorbed in what they were reading or seeing.
Fortunately，the scientists are not planning to use the findings to create machines that report students who are not focusing at school.Instead，they believe that combining the motion-detecting technology with future computers will help enhance the digital learning experience.
The scientists say that being able to measure the students’interest level will enable educators to adjust the materials real-time and re-engage the students.Witchel also believes that the technology can provide filmmakers with honest audience opinions.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种未来的计算机，这种计算机可以记录人们在电脑甚至电视前所表现出的持续的无意识动作，探测出人们何时感到厌烦，注意力减退，甚至还可以做出实时反应。
1．According to Dr Harry，what will future computers be able to do
A．Keep a learner from distraction.
B．Help a learner with his assignments.
C．Read a learner’s mind exactly real-time.
D．Identify dullness of a learner and respond to it.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段末句可知，根据Harry博士的研究，未来的电脑将能够探测无聊感，甚至做出实时反应。故选D。
2．How does an absorbed learner tend to behave
A．Laugh and shout excitedly.
B．Use less energy in an assignment.
C．Perform fewer involuntary actions.
D．Show noticeable movements constantly.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，一个专注的学习者常常会减少无意识动作。故选C。
3．What is the value of this technology for educators
A．Bettering their digital learning experience.
B．Introducing more computers into class.
C．Finding the absent-minded students in class.
D．Detecting what interests the students most.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可知，这项科技对于教育工作者的价值是能够发现学生们最感兴趣的东西。故选D。
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To introduce an upcoming technology.
B．To update educators’teaching concept.
C．To show what learning will be like in the future.
D．To explain how life will be shaped by technology.
答案 A
解析 写作意图题。通读全文内容可知，文章介绍了一种未来的计算机，这种计算机可以记录人们在电脑甚至电视前所表现出的持续的无意识动作，探测出人们何时感到厌烦，注意力减退，甚至还可以做出实时反应。因此推断作者的写作目的是介绍一种未来的科技。故选A。
B
A NASA-funded study used satellite to search for penguin poops(粪便) in Antarctica：funny at first sight though，it resulted in unique insights on the Adelie penguin’s diet and its future as the climate changes.The findings published recently unlocked the secrets about the species that can provide an early-warning of threats to Antarctica’s delicate ecosystem.
Researchers from Stony Brook University used satellite images to see if the Adelie penguin’s diet has been changing in response to Antarctica’s changing climate.Adelie penguin population has dropped greatly in some areas even as the global population increases.The satellite images cannot show the penguins individually，but their presence can be detected by the stain(污渍) left on the ice by their waste，called guano.
Male and female penguins take turns incubating(孵化) in the nest.The guano builds up in the same areas occupied by the nests.Heather Lynch，associate professor at Stony Brook，along with his team，used the area of the colony as defined by the guano stain to work back to the number of pairs.A global survey for Adelie penguins turned up 3.8 million breeding pairs.Also，the satellite data can detect the color of the penguin guano，ranging from white to pink to dark red.White guano is from eating mostly fish；pink and red would be from eating mostly krill(磷虾)．The team found that while the Adelie penguin’s diet did show changes from year to year，no consistent pattern was obvious.
“This was a big surprise，since the abundance and distribution of Adelie penguins has changed dramatically over the last 40 years and scientists had assumed that a change in diet might have played a role，”said Casey Youngflesh，a graduate student from the university.However，continued changes in the physical environment and a growing krill fishery in the region are likely to have an influence on penguin prey(猎物) and penguin population itself.“Tools like these will be important for the management of the Antarctic ecosystem，which is often considered among the most primitive areas in the world，”said Youngflesh.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对南极企鹅物种生态的研究，展现了近年来其物种数量、饮食结构等各方面的变化。
5．What concerned scientists most according to paragraph 1
A．The climate change.
B．The Adelie penguin’s diet.
C．The Antarctica’s ecosystem.
D．The secret of penguin poops.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The findings published recently unlocked the secrets about the species that can provide an early-warning of threats to Antarctica’s delicate ecosystem.”可知，这些物种可以为南极洲脆弱的生态系统提供风险预警。由此可知，科学家们最关心的是南极洲的生态系统。故选C。
6．How did scientists carry out the study
A．By doing experiments.
B．By conducting surveys.
C．By making observations.
D．By collecting documents.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers from Stony Brook University used satellite images to see...by their waste，called guano.”和第三段倒数第三句内容可知，科学家们是通过观察卫星图像进行研究的，因此他们使用的是观察法。故选C。
7．Which of the following would Lynch agree with
A．The Adelie penguin population was 3.8 million worldwide.
B．Guano colors reflected the health condition of the penguin.
C．The Adelie penguin’s diet stayed the same most of the time.
D．Adelie penguin waste helped estimate the penguin population.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句可知，D项“阿德利企鹅的排泄物帮助(科学家)估计企鹅数量”与Lynch的做法一致。故选D。
8．What did Youngflesh’s words suggest
A．More Adelie penguins have appeared over the last 40 years.
B．There was not an obvious changing pattern of penguin’s diet.
C．Diet changes didn’t actually affect penguin population as assumed.
D．Fishery was important for the management of the Antarctic ecosystem.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，在过去40年企鹅数量和分布发生急剧变化，科学家原来已经假设是饮食的变化发挥作用，然而，外部物理环境的变化和这一地区不断扩张的磷虾养殖很可能对企鹅的猎物(数量)产生影响，进而影响到企鹅自身的数量。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·湖南长沙期中)
Mary was always dreaming of graduating from college in cap and gown， 1 her diploma and ready to start a career.Since Mary came from a low-income family，her dream seemed out of 2 .There would never be enough money to send Mary to college. 3 ，no member of her family had ever gone to college.But Mary 4 that thought.In secondary school she studied hard，and spoke freely of her dream to teachers and friends.When her 5 day at school came，her principal called her into his office.
“I have a(n) 6 for you，”he said.
It contained a scholarship to a nearby college.The power of a thought had 7 its first bonus.But the scholarship could 8 only part of her college 9 .Mary looked for every part-time job she could find.
Mary’s dream came true when she graduated from college.Then she took a course in insurance.When she 10 herself to a local insurance company for a job，she was 11 .She applied again，but in vain.She kept going back 12 the manager accepted her.
Twenty-five years later Mary Crowe’s associates in that company 13 at a special dinner in her honor，recognizing her for her outstanding achievements as an insurance saleswoman.
“Each of us is constantly in a state of becoming，”she said，giving her formula for success.“ 14 enthusiasm and faith you can become what you think.Not that your life will be without problems，but along the way problems will be 15 .Ask and believe；dream and believe；work and believe.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自贫困家庭的玛丽凭借着自己对梦想的坚持和努力上了大学，并且在25年后作为一名保险人员取得了杰出成就。玛丽认为通过热情和信念，你可以成为你想成为的人。
1．A.embracing B．rejecting
C．occupying D．eliminating
答案 A
解析 embrace拥抱，欣然接受；reject拒绝；occupy占据；eliminate去除。由后文的“ready to start a career”可知，玛丽只有获得毕业证书，才能准备开始她的职业生涯。故选A。
2．A.control B．question
C．sight D．curiosity
答案 C
解析 control控制；question问题；sight视野；curiosity好奇心。由后文的“There would never be enough money to send Mary to college.”可知，玛丽的梦想不太可能实现，因为家里没多少钱，也就是她根本看不见梦想，out of sight意为“看不见”。故选C。
3．A.Nevertheless B．Regardless
C．Ultimately D．Additionally
答案 D
解析 nevertheless但是；regardless不管；ultimately最后；additionally此外。后文的“no member of her family had ever gone to college”是对前面“There would never be enough money to send Mary to college.”的补充说明，因此空格处是“此外”。故选D。
4．A.held on to B．came across
C．made up for D．came up with
答案 A
解析 hold on to坚持；come across偶遇；make up for弥补；come up with提出。由后文的“In secondary school she studied hard，and spoke freely of her dream to teachers and friends.”可知，她坚持自己的理想。故选A。
5．A.first B．formal
C．final D．unique
答案 C
解析 first第一的；formal正式的；final最后的；unique独特的。由后文的“It contained a scholarship to a nearby college.”可知，那是玛丽在学校的最后一天，校长给了她一个信封，里面是用来上大学的奖学金，故选C。
6．A.gown B．envelope
C．souvenir D．book
答案 B
解析 gown礼服；envelope信封；souvenir纪念品；book书。由后文的“It contained a scholarship to a nearby college.”和常识可知，奖学金装在信封里，故选B。
7．A.concluded B．seized
C．consumed D．generated
答案 D
解析 conclude总结；seize抓住；consume消耗；generate产生。由上文校长给了她奖学金可知，此处表示“想法的力量(上大学的梦想)产生了它的第一个收获”。故选D。
8．A.donate B．cover
C．relieve D．ensure
答案 B
解析 donate捐赠；cover足以支付；relieve减轻；ensure确保。由后文的“Mary looked for every part-time job she could find.”可知，玛丽需要找兼职，是因为奖学金只能支付她上大学的一部分费用。故选B。
9．A.expenses B．secrets
C．incomes D．ambitions
答案 A
解析 expense费用；secret秘密；income收入；ambition雄心。解析同上。
10．A.dedicated B．related
C．accustomed D．presented
答案 D
解析 dedicate致力于；relate联系；accustom使习惯；present展现。由后文的“for a job”可知，她是去当地一家保险公司求职，也就是在向保险公司展现自己，故选D。
11．A.turned out B．put aside
C．turned down D．taken in
答案 C
解析 turn out结果是；put aside把……放在一边；turn down拒绝；take in吸收。由后文的“She applied again”可知，她是被保险公司拒绝了，故选C。
12．A.unless B．though
C．until D．if
答案 C
解析 unless除非；though虽然；until直到；if如果。由后文的“the manager accepted her”可知，她一直去那个保险公司求职，直到经理接受她，故选C。
13．A.gathered B．declared
C．resigned D．parted
答案 A
解析 gather聚集；declare声明；resign辞职；part分开。由后文的“at a special dinner”可知，他们是聚集在晚宴上，故选A。
14．A.Without B．Despite
C．Upon D．Through
答案 D
解析 without没有；despite尽管；upon在……上；through通过。由后文的“you can become what you think”可知，句子表示“通过热情和信念，你可以成为你想成为的人”，故选D。
15．A.strengthened B．overcome
C．omitted D．collected
答案 B
解析 strengthen加强；overcome克服；omit省略；collect收集。由上文的“Not that your life will be without problems”可知，不是说你的生活没有困难，而是困难会被克服，故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The art of sugar painting in China may date back 1. the Ming Dynasty，when sugar figures 2. (make) in molds(模具) as part of a sacrifice in religion.In the Qing Dynasty，sugar painting gained more 3. (popular)．The molds were also replaced with a small bronze spoon.
As time passed by，the contemporary form of sugar painting has gradually evolved，4. _______(range) from animals to cartoon characters.The sugar painter，5. melts the sugar，concentrates on drawing with a spoon.In a few seconds，all kinds of images 6. (vivid) appear on the board.After the sugar becomes solid，you can use 7. bamboo stick to hold it.With a piece of sugar painting 8. (appreciate) and consumed as well，it’s particularly popular with young children in China.
9． the number of sugar painters has decreased，this special folk art of sugar painting，due to 10. (it) unique charm，has drawn more and more attention from people in China.Hopefully，the art of sugar painting will continue to last for many generations.
1．答案 to
解析 考查介词。date back to为固定短语，意为“追溯到”，后跟时间点。故填to。
2．答案 were made
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时，sugar figures 与make之间为被动关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填were made。
3．答案 popularity
解析 考查名词。此处作gained的宾语，应用名词形式，popularity“人气，受欢迎”，为不可数名词。故填popularity。
4．答案 ranging
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有谓语动词且没有连接词，此处需要使用非谓语动词；逻辑主语the contemporary form of sugar painting与range之间为主动关系，要使用现在分词作状语，故填ranging。
5．答案 who
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The sugar painter，指人并在从句中作主语。故填who。
6．答案 vividly
解析 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用副词作状语修饰动词appear，故填vividly。
7．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。分析句子可知，stick“棍”为可数名词单数，这里表泛指，应用不定冠词，bamboo发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
8．答案 appreciated
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，sugar painting与appreciate之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词作宾补，故填appreciated。
9．答案 Although/Though/While
解析 考查连词。结合上下文句意可知，此处使用连词引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，位于句首注意首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
10．答案 its
解析 考查代词。此处要使用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词charm，故填its。Ⅰ.认阅读单词
1．soccer n．足球；足球运动
2．stadium n．(pl.stadiums or stadia)体育场；运动场
3．boxing n．拳击(运动)
4．badminton n．羽毛球运动
5．marathon n．马拉松赛跑
6．ski adj.滑雪的 vi.滑雪
7．track and field田径
8．gymnastics n．体操(训练)
9．legend n．传奇故事(或人物)；传说
10．glory n．荣誉；光荣；赞美
11．graceful adj.优美的；优雅的
12．push-up n．(especially NAmE)俯卧撑
13．error n．错误；差错
Ⅱ.记重点单词
1．event n．比赛项目；大事；公开活动
2．track n．跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vi.& vt.追踪；跟踪
3．gym n．健身房；体育馆
4．sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗 n．汗水；出汗
5．athlete n．运动员；运动健儿
6．master n．高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握
7．medal n．奖章；勋章
8．apart adv.分离；分开；成碎片
9．captain n．(运动队)队长；船长；机长
10．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮
11．million num.一百万
12．cheat vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗 n．欺骗手段；骗子
13．audience n．观众；听众
14．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
15．slim adj.苗条的；单薄的
16．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食
17．rather adv.相当；有点儿
18．jog vi.慢跑 n．慢跑
Ⅲ.知拓展单词
1．fitness n．健康；健壮；适合→fit adj.适合的；健康的 vt.& vi.适合→unfit adj.不适合的
2．host vt.主办；主持 n．主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostess n．女主人
3．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honourable adj.可敬的；体面的→honoured adj.受尊敬的
4．championship n．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号→champion n．冠军；优胜者
5．determination n．决心；决定→determine v．决心；决意→determined adj.坚决的
6．injure vt.使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤
7．strength n．力量；体力→strengthen v．增强→strong adj.强壮的
8．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)→fail v．失败
9．compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitor n．竞争者；对手→competitive adj.竞争的
10．stress n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.造成压力的→stressed adj.感到压力的
1．agricultural adj.农业的
2．allergic adj.过敏的
3．alphabet n．字母表
4．alternative adj.可选择的 n．可供选择的事物
5．altitude n．高地；高度
6．altogether adv.总共
7．amateur adj.业余的；外行的 n．业余选手
8．ambition n．野心；抱负
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快
2．work out锻炼；计算出；解决
3．make it获得成功；准时到达
4．set an example树立榜样
5．fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
6．lose heart丧失信心；泄气
7．give up放弃；投降
8．make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
9．pretend to do sth 假装做某事
10．even if/though即使；虽然
11．make a difference有作用或影响
12．rather than而不是
13．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
14．now and then有时；偶尔
15．compare...with/to...与……比较
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.(who引导的定语从句)
他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。
2．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.(现在完成进行时)
他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。
3．A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.(even if引导的让步状语从句)
足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
4．Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.(once引导的时间状语从句)
一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情就有了变化。
5．Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”，I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”．(instead of doing)
我不会说“我想减掉3千克”，我会说“我想在8分钟内跑完2千米”或“我希望能做30个俯卧撑”。
6．By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier.(by doing作状语)
通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
Competitive Sports and Mass Sports
Including soccer，boxing，badminton，marathon，skiing，gymnastics and track and field，there seem to be hundreds of sports for us.In stadiums，gyms，or homes，we can work out 1.sweating all petitive sports mean that athletes must compete against each other for medals in championships or events in Olympics to win 2.honour and glory for their country，which needs not only skills and strength but also great 3.determination.However，success often comes along with error，stress，failure and injuries.Sometimes even a master may fall apart，but he never loses heart.Finally he makes it and becomes a champion and legend，setting an example to pared with competitive sports，mass sports focus on fitness 4.rather than competition.Millions of people go jogging or do push-ups to keep slim instead of going on a diet by cutting out fat.However，with no audience to shout encouragement，they may give up.They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or 5.pretend to have done it otherwise，which doesn’t make sense.However，even if you take exercise now and then，it will make a difference and have 6.positive effects，won’t it
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸(honoured adj.受尊敬的)
It’s an honour for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事很荣幸。 feel it an honour to do sth 做某事感到荣幸 in honour of...向……表示敬意；为纪念…… be/feel honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸
(1)Michael Jordan，a master in basketball，never lost heart even if he was faced with failure，for which he was greatly honoured(honour)．
(2)人们庆祝端午节纪念屈原，他是中国一位伟大的诗人。(话题写作之传统节日)
People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in honour of Qu Yuan，who is a great Chinese poet.
(3)能有宝贵的机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
①It is a great honour for me to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(it is an honour for sb to do)
②I feel it a great honour to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(feel it an honour to do)
③I feel greatly honoured to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(feel honoured to do)
determination n．决心；决定(determine v．测定；决定；确定 determined adj.坚决的；有决心的)
determine to do...决定做……(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态)
(1)Write a poem about how courage，determination(determine)，and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
(2)He determined on/upon facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality.
(3)就在那时我决定继续在农场工作，以便能帮助养活我的家人。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)
It was at that time that I determined to go on working on the farm so that I could help support my family.(determine to do)
(4)决心很好地组织这次主题班会，我写信征求你关于哪些中国传统文化最吸引外国人的意见。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)
Determined to organize the theme class meeting wonderfully，I am writing to ask you for advice on which Chinese traditional cultures attract foreigners most.(过去分词短语作状语)
injury n．伤害；损伤(injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 injure vt.使受伤；损害)
do sb an injury(＝do an injury to sb)伤害某人 the injured受伤的人；伤员 get/be injured受伤
(1)The captain recovered from his injuries(injure) soon with the help of skilled doctors and nurses.
(2)尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。
①Though he got/was injured in the leg，he was determined to finish the marathon.
②Though injured in the leg，he was determined to finish the marathon.(用“连词＋过去分词”作状语改写)
(3)营救队像箭一样冲往现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。(读后续写之动作链描写)
The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows，offered first aid to the injured and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.
failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)(fail v．失败；不及格)
failure作可数名词，意为“失败者，失败的事”；作不可数名词，意为“失败”。类似的词还有success，surprise，honour，difficulty等。 fail to do sth 没做成某事
(1)The athlete didn’t win a medal or become a champion，but the audience didn’t view him as a failure.
(2)正如一句谚语说的那样，“失败是成功之母”。努力工作，你就会取得进步。(应用文写作之鼓励他人)
As a proverb goes，“Failure is the mother of success.” Work hard，and you will make progress.
(3)这对双胞胎感到沮丧，他们没做成一顿美味的母亲节早餐。
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
The twins felt depressed that they failed to cook a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast.
compete vi.竞争；对抗(competitive adj.竞争的，竞争心强的；有竞争力的 competitor n．竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者 competition n．竞争；竞赛，比赛)
compete with/against sb 和某人竞争 compete for sth 为……而竞争 compete in sth 在……中竞争
(1)As the youngest competitor，John will compete in the writing competition for the annual award of writing.He must be very competitive so that he can win.(compete)
(2)在南瓜地里，我和我的兄弟姐妹比赛去找最大的南瓜。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)
In the pumpkin field，I competed with/against my siblings to seek out the biggest pumpkin.
(3)尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛，但是真正重要的不是冠军称号，而是参与者在比赛中所展示出来的决心。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
Although/Though/While this was a competitive race，what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination that participants showed during the race.
give up放弃；投降
give in屈服，投降 give out分发；用光；耗尽 give away赠送；泄露 give off散发(光和热等) give way to给……让路 give sb a hand帮某人一个忙
(1)Although he didn’t admit that he had cheated in the exam，his facial expression gave him away.
(2)On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth which gives off light in the dark.
(3)尽管已经失败多次，他们也不放弃，最终做出了美味的爆米花。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Though having failed many times，they didn’t give up and finally delicious popcorn was made.
(4)看到这对双胞胎失望的脸庞，爸爸乐意帮助他们做早餐，并且温柔地轻声说道：“亲爱的孩子们，不要向暂时的困难屈服。”(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Seeing the twins’ disappointed faces，the father willingly gave them a hand to cook breakfast and whispered gently，“My dear children，don’t give in to the temporary difficulty.”
(5)简的精力已经耗尽了。她的脚像灌了铅一样沉重，她瘫坐在树旁，失控地哭起来。(读后续写之情感描写)
Jane’s energy had given out.Her feet felt as heavy as lead and she slumped beside a tree，weeping without control.
make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
make for走向；冲向 make it获得成功；准时到达 make a/no difference有/没有作用或影响 make one’s way to前往，去 make sense of弄懂……的意思 make sure确信；一定 make up组成；补偿；编造；化妆；和解
(1)用make的相关短语填空
①Pretending to have understood what your teacher said doesn’t make sense.
②His words puzzled me so much that I had a hard time making sense of what he really meant.
③Although David ranked last in the cross-country run，he finally made it to the finish line，with all the audience cheering for him.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
④Attention，please！We’ll gather at the school gate at 8 am tomorrow and then make for/make our way to the nearby farm to pick fruits.(应用文写作之口头通知)
(2)有时小小的善意就能产生巨大影响，使得这个世界更加美丽和谐。(读后续写之升华句)
Sometimes a little kindness can make a great difference，making the world more beautiful and harmonious.
(3)我确信如果你采纳以上建议，你会和你的搭档和好。(应用文写作之建议信)
I make sure that you will make up with your partner if you adopt the above suggestions.
cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路) cut in插嘴 cut off中止；切掉；使隔绝 cut up切碎 cut down砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等)
用cut的相关短语填空
(1)To keep physically healthy，the experts strongly suggest cutting out alcohol in our daily life.
(2)I usually cut across the park on my way home so that I can arrive home earlier.
(3)She kept on cutting in on our conversation，which made us very annoyed.
(4)The captain cut up the meat in his plate impatiently to show his anger.
(5)His company will cut down its production if the water supply is cut off.
even if引导的让步状语从句 A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
even if意为“尽管；即使”，相当于even though，引导让步状语从句。
(1)即使我吓得浑身颤抖，我仍然鼓起勇气，走上舞台，开始了我的演讲。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
Even if/though I was so frightened as to tremble all over/so frightened that I trembled all over，I still gathered up all my courage，stepped on the stage and began my speech.
(2)尽管他陷入了困境，他仍然乐意帮助处于困境中的人。
Even if/though he was stuck in hardships，he still willingly helped those in trouble.
1．These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.(2022·浙江1月)
这些发现激动人心，因为它们表明通过改善中年人的心血管健康来延缓甚至阻止他们患痴呆症是有可能的。
2．The next step，according to the researchers，is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues，or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.(2022·全国甲)
研究人员表示，下一步是尝试确定凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状。
3．As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
作为学校的一名特殊教育老师，我熟悉大卫面临的挑战，并为他坚强的决心感到骄傲。
4．Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
记住，甚至是世界冠军运动员也会持续不断地练习他们的技能。
5．The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt.(2019·浙江6月)
研究人员使用计算机模型计算出水分压力，该模型计算出树木获得的水量与所需的水量，并考虑降雨量、空气温度、土壤湿度和融雪时间这些因素。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．work out
(1)With great efforts the soldier worked out the problem. B
(2)The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width. C
(3)To win glory for our class in the sports meeting，I have been working out for an hour every morning. A
2．compare...to...
(1)I often compare what I think to what others have thought. B
(2)Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer. A
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)The 2008 Olympic Games is the biggest sporting event ever held in Beijing.比赛项目
(2)Even if the architect worked hard，he still had a slim chance of winning the competition.微小的；渺茫的
(3)I can’t stress too much the importance of keeping diaries in English every day.强调
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The soldier felt greatly honoured(honour) to see the emperor in the flesh.
2．Determined(determine) to get to the destination，the athlete showed amazing willpower.
3．The architect got injured(injure) when hiking to the castle through a narrow path.
4．When checking out at the counter，the man found his credit card lost，so he had to give up the purchase.
5．The competition(compete) was extremely fierce and at last we won the match narrowly by 74 vs 72.
6．It is requested that we should cut down the intake of fat and sugar to regain fitness.
7．Rather than admiring(admire) the beauty of movie stars，I learned to discover my unique beauty.
8．Failure(fail) is recognised as the mother of success，so as long as we don’t lose heart，we will succeed.
9．I could not make sense of what he said until he told me the story in detail.
10．I have been trying(try) to contact the official in charge of transport in the past three hours，but I haven’t been able to get through.
Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
(2022·全国乙，书面表达)——就课外英语学习活动的调查结果投稿
1．已经调查了许多学生，他们对课外学英语采用了不同的方法。(who引导的定语从句)
Many students have been surveyed，who have adopted different ways to study English beyond the classroom.
2．即使65%的学生更喜欢听英文歌曲，50%的学生仍然选择看英语电影。(even if)
Even if 65% of the students prefer listening to English songs,50% of them still choose to watch English movies.
3．18%的学生可以通过读英语书籍提高他们的英语。(by doing...作状语)
18% of the students can get their English improved by reading English books.
4．12%的学生不是运用以上学习方法，他们充分利用英语学习网站。(instead of)
Instead of using the above learning methods,12% of the students make full use of English learning websites.
5．在我看来，一旦我们拥有一个合适的学习方法，我们可以取得更多的进步。(once)
Personally，once we have a suitable learning method，we can make much more progress.
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
教材续写语料
1．情感描写
determination n．决心；决定→determine v．测定；决定；确定
fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
lose heart丧失信心；泄气
give up放弃；投降
positive adj.积极的；乐观的
2．动作描写
track vt.追踪；跟踪
work out锻炼；计算出；解决
sweat vt.使出汗 vi.出汗；流汗 n．汗水
make it获得成功；准时到达
续写语料运用
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。
(2018·浙江6月，读后续写)
当看到一只兔子的时候，我和爸爸决定追它。兔子是如此迅速以致它消失在树林中。直到那时，我们才意识到最后一抹霞光正快速消失在树丛中。迷路了，我吓得一身冷汗，几乎要崩溃了。我颤抖着说道：“爸爸，我们怎样才能解决这个困境呢？”爸爸喃喃地说：“不要灰心！不要放弃！我们会成功到达农舍的！”
When seeing a rabbit，father and I determined to track it.So swift was it that it disappeared in the forest.Not until then did we realize that the last ray of twilight was quickly disappearing among the numerous trees.Lost，I was in a cold sweat from extreme horror and I nearly fell apart.I said in a trembling voice，“Dad，how can we work out the dilemma？” Dad murmured，“Don’ t lose heart! Don’ t give up! We will make it to the farmhouse！”必修第一册 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．soccer n．足球；足球运动
2．stadium n．(pl.stadiums or stadia)体育场；运动场
3．boxing n．拳击(运动)
4．badminton n．羽毛球运动
5．marathon n．马拉松赛跑
6．ski adj.滑雪的 vi.滑雪
7．track and field田径
8．gymnastics n．体操(训练)
9．legend n．传奇故事(或人物)；传说
10．glory n．荣誉；光荣；赞美
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共11分)
1．event n．比赛项目；大事；公开活动
2．sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗 n．汗水；出汗
3．athlete n．运动员；运动健儿
4．master n．高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握
5．medal n．奖章；勋章
6．captain n．(运动队)队长；船长；机长
7．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮
8．audience n．观众；听众
9．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
10．slim adj.苗条的；单薄的
11．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)
1．fitness n．健康；健壮；适合→fit adj.适合的；健康的 vt.& vi.适合→unfit adj.不适合的
2．host vt.主办；主持 n．主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostess n．女主人
3．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honourable adj.可敬的；体面的→honoured adj.受尊敬的
4．championship n．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号→champion n．冠军；优胜者
5．determination n．决心；决定→determine v．决心；决意→determined adj.坚决的
6．injure vt.使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤
7．strength n．力量；体力→strengthen v．增强→strong adj.强壮的
8．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)→fail v．失败
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．agricultural adj.农业的
2．alternative adj.可选择的 n．可供选择的事物
3．altogether adv.总共
4．amateur n．业余选手
5．ambition n．野心；抱负
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共12分)
1．come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快
2．fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
3．pretend to do sth假装做某事
4．rather than而不是
5．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
6．now and then有时；偶尔
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分)
1．The soldier got injured in the battle and suffered a serious injury in the left ankle.(injure)
2．I feel greatly honoured to be in charge of the activity in honour of Qu Yuan.(honour)
3．The official is more aware of fitness than before and he regularly works out in gyms to keep fit.(fit)
4．During the forum，Dong Qing，a famous hostess who often hosts wonderful programs，shared her experience of creating The Reader.(host)
5．My sister is a determined girl，so we know that once she has determined to do something，she will make her dream come true with great determination.(determine)
6．Though the art show failed to attract as many visitors as we had expected，it was far from being a failure；it was a great success.(fail)
7．More than 10,000 competitors from different countries came to Beijing and competed with each other in the competitive games for medals.(compete)
8．Amazingly，the more stressful the job is，the better your performance will be.In other words，feeling stressed benefits your performance in a way.(stress)
9．Everyone has strengths and weaknesses.So we should try our best to further strengthen the former and improve the latter.(strength)
10．Three teams are involved in the chase for the championship.Who will be the last champion is not clear.(champion)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共16分)
work out，make it，set an example，give up，make sense，make a difference，compare...with，lose heart
1．Being generous and kind-hearted，he sets an example to us and we should learn from him.
2．It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.
3．How many of you made it to the top of the mountain in the end yesterday
4．Compared with my cousin，I prefer hiking in unpopulated mountains.
5．Learning that you have lost heart after your failure，I’m writing to offer you some tips.
6．He recommended working out the difficult problem in this completely new way.
7．Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference in the world.
8．Giving up your goal halfway is not a wise choice and instead，you should keep trying until you succeed.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
1．我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是全神贯注于教学，并且不遗余力地帮助我们。(who引导的定语从句)(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
The person I respect most is my head teacher who is always concentrating on teaching and spares no effort to help us.
2．在过去的三年里我一直在读英文报Youth。(现在完成进行时)
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
I have been reading the English newspaper Youth in the past three years.
3．一旦我明白了我所肩负的责任，我就毫不犹疑地交出了我挣的所有钱。(once引导的时间状语从句)(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)
Once I was aware of the responsibility I was shouldering，I handed in all the money I had earned without hesitation.
4．没有向老师们求助，他决定自己解决这个问题。(instead of doing)
Instead of turning to teachers for help，he is determined to work out the problem by himself.
5．通过欣赏我们学校正在举行的展览，你会更好地理解中国传统绘画。(by doing作状语)(2021·浙江6月，应用文写作)
By appreciating the exhibition being held by our school，you can have a better understanding of traditional Chinese paintings.
