(共71张PPT)
Unit 4
Natural Disasters
基础知识排查
核心考点突破
写作能力提升
基础
知识排查
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tornado n.(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风
drought n.旱灾；久旱
landslide n.(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
tsunami n.海啸
volcanic eruption 火山喷发
magnitude n.(地)震级；重大
速记——词汇句型背诵
Ⅰ.认阅读单词
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evacuate vt.疏散；撤出
vi.撤离
helicopter n.直升机
crack n.裂纹；裂缝
vi.& vt.(使)破裂
brick n.砖；砖块
metal n.金属
revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
revival n.振兴；复苏
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unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
volcano n.(pl.-oes or -os)火山
erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
typhoon n.台风
hurricane n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声
vt.吹口哨
n.哨子(声)；呼啸声
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kit n.成套工具；成套设备
first aid kit 急救箱
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disaster n.灾难；灾害
slide vi.& vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动
flood n.洪水；大量
vi.淹没；大量涌入
vt.使灌满水；淹没
rescue n.& vt.营救；救援
Ⅱ.记重点单词
damage vt.损害；破坏
n.损坏；损失
destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护
vt.保护；掩蔽
vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
ruin n.& vt.破坏；毁坏
percent n.百分之……
adj.& adv.每一百中
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trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n.险境；陷阱
bury vt.埋葬；安葬
effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
context n.上下文；语境；背景
supply n.供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品
vt.供应；供给
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tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
pipe n.管子；管道
calm adj.镇静的；沉着的
vt.使平静；使镇静
aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资
vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击
n.撞车；碰撞
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sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
wave n.海浪；波浪
vi.& vt.挥手；招手
strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；
突击；击打
n.罢工；罢课；袭击
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death n.死；死亡
→dead adj.死的
→deadly adj.致命的
→die v.死亡
affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
→effect n.效果；结果；影响
→effective adj.有效的
Ⅲ.知拓展单词
shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊
→shocking adj.令人震惊的
→shocked adj.感到震惊的
electricity n.电；电能
→electric adj.电的；用电的
→electronic adj.电子的
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breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
→breath n.呼吸
→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
wisdom n.智慧；才智
→wise adj.明智的
→unwise adj.不明智的
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
→suffering n.受难；苦楚
→sufferer n.受苦者；受难者
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survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过
→survival n.幸存；生还
→survivor n.幸存者；生还者
power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
→powerful adj.强大的；强壮的
→powerless adj.无力的
emergency n.突发事件；紧急情况
→emergent adj.紧急的
→emerge vi.浮现；出现
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deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表
→delivery n.投递；送交
summary n.总结；概括；概要
→summariz(s)e vt.& vi.总结；概括
length n.长；长度
→long adj.长的
→lengthen v.(使)变长
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ambulance n.救护车
ancient adj.古代的
anniversary n.周年纪念日
annual adj.每年的
antique n.古董，古玩
apartment n.公寓
apparent adj.表面上的；明显的
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[词汇助力]
高频词汇
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as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
in shock 震惊；吃惊
in the open air 露天；在户外
on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
Ⅳ.背核心短语
the number of... ……的数量
as usual 像往常一样
come to an end 告终；结束
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Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.(too...to...)
鸡甚至猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导的虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
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Ⅴ.悟经典句式
Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
很难得到水、食物和电。
Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(those who...)
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
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The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。
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I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing...when...正在做……突然……)
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
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填词——语境词汇串记
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
death，suffer，breathe，deliver，damage，strike，bury，shock
Disasters such as tornadoes，droughts，floods，landslides，volcanic eruptions，typhoons，hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another，causing great 1. to many countries.In summary，the earthquake has the worst effects.The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 2. .
damage
deaths
90 percent of homes lay in ruins and people 3. a lot.Food，water and electricity were hard to get.Everywhere the 4. survivors saw destroyed bricks，deep cracks in village wells and useless metals as if the world were at an end.Rescue teams who were in shock dug out the trapped,5. the dead，and built shelters in the open air.With unified efforts and wisdom of all people，the city revived itself and began to 6. again.Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis.
suffered
shocked
buried
death，suffer，breathe，deliver，damage，strike，bury，shock
breathe
The tsunami that 7. Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines.Huge waves swept away many people.Foreign countries aided these areas by 8.___________ food and supplies by helicopters.(Tips for emergency which affects people greatly：※ Keep calm ※ Tap on a pipe or whistle for help※Stay away from power lines ※ Survive on what you have on hand ※ Keep first aid kits at home)
struck
delivering
返 回
death，suffer，breathe，deliver，damage，strike，bury，shock
核 心
考点突破
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
v.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭；使感染(effect n.影响；结果；效果 effective adj.有效的)
affect
be affected by受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with感染……疾病
have an effect/influence on/upon对……产生影响
1
(1)We must take (effect) measures to prevent natural disasters in advance.
effective
(2)得知你由于感染了重病而回爱尔兰，我非常抱歉。
(2020·浙江7月，应用文写作)
Learning that you have returned to Ireland because __________________
，I am terribly sorry about it.
(3)总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
In summary，the English newspaper Youth _________________________
countless moving stories in the newspaper.
you are affected with
a serious/severe illness
affects me greatly/has a great
effect on me.I am often deeply affected by
be a shock to...对……而言是一件震惊的事
in shock吃惊地，震惊地
be shocked at sth/that...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊
vt.(使)震惊 n.休克；震惊；令人震惊的事(shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的)
shock
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(1)Looking at the house which lay in ruins shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.
(2)All of us were at the news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock)
(3)I was shocked (hear) the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously.The news was shock to us.
in
shocked
shocking
to hear
a
(4)The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.Elli and I were shocked.(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，_____________
.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→____________________________________________________________
(用what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写)
which shocked
Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked
What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence
and put his head in.
bury sth in...把某物埋在……
bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于
vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏
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bury
(1)He wept sadly and he buried his face in his hands.(读后续写之动作描写)
→He wept sadly， .(用doing作状语改写)
→He wept sadly， .(用with的复合结构改写)
→He wept sadly， .(用独立主格改写)
burying his face in his hands
with his face buried in his hands
his face buried in his hands
(2)我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
①I ___________________________________________________________
and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.
② ，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper every
day
Buried in reading the English newspaper every day
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suffer from遭受……折磨；患……病
vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering n.受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难 sufferer n.受害者；患者)
suffer
(1)People of the disaster area suffered a lot the typhoon，and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.
(2)生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之升华句)(强调句)
There are always some ups and downs in our lives，___________________
.
from
but it is the suffering
that makes us stronger
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survive on靠……存活下来
survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来
A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)
vi.生存；存活 vt.幸免；幸存；艰难度过；生还；比……活得长(survivor n.幸存者 survival n.幸存；生还)
survive
(1)We will do everything in our power to help those (survive) in the tornado.
survivors
(2)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband 5 years.
(3)When I realized that the poor boy survived discarded(被丢弃的) food，a wave of sadness and sympathy washed over me.
(4)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句)
Life isn’t about ；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
by
on
how to survive the storm
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be struck with/by被……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起……
sth strike sb 某人想到……
be on strike在罢工
go on strike举行罢工
表示“突然想到”的单词还有hit，occur。
vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)击打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n.罢工；罢课；袭击
strike
(1)The workers are coming out strike for higher wages，which is a shock to the government.
on
(2)被他为我所做的事情所感动，我没能控制住自己，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(读后续写之心理描写)
①Because ，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.
② ，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
I was struck with/by what he had done for me
Struck by/with what he had done for me
(3)我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。
(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)
I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.
(4)约翰想到一个促销爆米花的好办法，于是他像一阵风似的冲向伯纳德的家。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
and thus，he dashed to Bernard’s home like a gust of wind.
It suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that
A good way to promote popcorn struck/hit/occurred to John
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be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭
fall/come into ruin成为废墟；毁灭
ruin one’s hope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康
严重受损；破败不堪 (ruin n.废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产)
in ruins
(1)90 percent of houses lay ruins after the landslide and helicopters were used to evacuate people living there.
in
(2)The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night and it nearly ruined his health.(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
→The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night， .(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night， .(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
which nearly ruined his health
nearly ruining his health
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as if相当于as though，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系动
词之后引导表语从句。as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。
若as if/though从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。
①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be
动词一般用were)；
②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had
＋过去分词)；
③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用would/could/
might＋动词原形。
引导的虚拟语气 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！
as if
(1)Listen，the whistle of an ambulance！It seems as if there (be) an emergency.
(2)When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it (be) broken.
(3)似乎Mac的生命结束了。
It seemed as if Mac’s life .
(4)树林里很黑，似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。(读后续写之心理描写)
It is dark in the woods.It seems as if ______________________________
.The more she thinks of this，the more frightened she is.
is
were
had come to an end
there were a fierce beast behind
every bush
(5)眼泪在眼眶里打转，大卫抬起头，看着我，好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Tears swirling in his eyes，David raised his head，looked at me ______
，but lowered his head once again.
用法点拨 若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。
as if he
would say something/as if (he was) to say something
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型：
be about to do...when...正要做……突然……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……突然……
had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然……
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
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be doing...when...
(1)我们正要离开时，隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。
We a big noise came from the next room.
(2)双胞胎正在煲(stew)鸡肉粥，这时他们的爸爸迈进了厨房。
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
The twins chicken porridge their father marched into the kitchen.
were about to leave/were on the point of leaving when
were stewing
when
(3)我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。
it fell to the ground.
I had just escaped from the burning house when
印证——高考原句呈现
It would work like this：An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
它的工作原理是这样的：一名到达事故现场的警官可以索要司机的手机，并且使用文本分析仪在操作系统中核查最近的活动。
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印证——高考原句呈现
2
A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏驱走了许多鸟类。
印证——高考原句呈现
3
The collapse was disastrous，requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork.(2021·全国乙)
她的昏倒是灾难性的，需要急诊医疗队和良好的团队合作。
印证——高考原句呈现
4
They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.(2019·北京)
他们得出的结论是，当任务相互依存度高时，团队人才过多会影响表现，而当任务相互依存度较低时，单个人才则会对团队表现有积极影响。
印证——高考原句呈现
5
After all，not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，equal rights to survive.(2019·江苏)
毕竟，并不是每个人都能意识到野生动物有思想、感情，最重要的是，它们有平等的生存权利。
巩固——基础知识达标
1.strike
(1)When I entered the room，the clock had just struck 10. __
(2)As an old saying goes，“Strike the iron while it’s hot.” You’d better go over what you have learned as soon as possible. __
F
A
A.v.打 B.v.使突然想起 C.n.罢工 D.v.(灾难、疾病等)袭击 E.v.划(火柴) F.v.(钟)敲
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
(3)The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately. __
(4)They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay. __
(5)A big earthquake struck the area last week，which then caused a terrible tsunami. __
(6)It strikes us that we can follow the stream back to the farmhouse. __
E
C
A.v.打 B.v.使突然想起 C.n.罢工 D.v.(灾难、疾病等)袭击 E.v.划(火柴) F.v.(钟)敲
D
B
2.deliver
(1)The princess has been delivered of a healthy baby boy. __
(2)I’m having some flowers delivered for her birthday. __
(3)I feel greatly honoured to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering here. __
B
A
A.递送 B.生(小孩)；接生 C.发表(演说等)
C
3.affect
(1)Deeply affected by the film，we couldn’t hold back tears. ___
(2)Honestly speaking，the coming-of-age ceremony affects me greatly.
(2020·天津，书面表达)
___
(3)The disease affects many different organs of his body. ___
B
A
A.影响 B.感动 C.(疾病)侵袭；使感染
C
4.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加颜色词汇的汉语意思
(1)She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock. ——
(2)When we visited the old family home，past sweet memories came flooding back. ________
休克
大量涌入
1.He made a great effort to save the girl (trap) in the burning house.
2. Working out either indoors or outdoors regularly will (effect) your fitness positively.
3.The news that the athlete failed in the marathon due to a serious injury made us (shock).
4. (bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball，he didn’t make it to school on time.
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
trapped
affect
shocked
Buried
5.How can you survive such a poor diet Keeping slim doesn’t make sense if you’re not healthy.
6. Compared with those who are engaged in manual labor，teachers experience more mental (suffer).
7. struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to understand what I didn’t.
8.The stadium and the gym lay ruins after the big fire caused by careless smoking.
on
sufferings
It
in
9.She speaks English so fluently as if she (stay) in America for a long time.
10.To win an honour for his country，he didn’t give up even if he got injured in the race， (set) a good example to others.
返 回
had stayed
setting
写 作
能力提升
1
Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
(2021·全国乙)——在线学习
我觉得在线学习对我们学生有重大影响。(It strikes sb that；effect)
_____________________________________________________________
许多学生专心学习有益的在线课程，这既扩大了他们的视野也提高了他们的学习兴趣。(be buried in；现在分词短语作结果状语)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
It strikes me that online learning has a great effect on us students.
Many students are buried in learning beneficial online courses，broadening their horizons and enhancing their learning interest.
2
3
4
Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
然而，使我们震惊的是许多学生沉溺于在线游戏。(shock)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
However，what shocks us/what makes us shocked is that many students are addicted to online games.
这从长远看一定会毁掉他们的健康和希望。(ruin)
___________________________________________________________
It will definitely ruin their health and hope in the long run.
5
Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
尽管这个问题很难解决，我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受网瘾的人。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do；those who...；suffer from)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Although/Though/While the problem is difficult to handle，we should spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction.
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
1.情感描写
shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊
in shock震惊；吃惊
calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
教材续写语料
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
2.动作描写
slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动
flood vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
rescue n.& vt.营救；救援
trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱
tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.帮助；援助
crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞
教材续写语料
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫
wave n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过
教材续写语料
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。
(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)——头被卡在大南瓜里
我的头陷入大南瓜里，我是如此震惊以至于我的喉咙发紧，膝盖发软，各种各样糟糕的想法涌入我的心头。我尝试把头从南瓜里拔出来，但是白费力气。我哥哥不顾我正遭受的事情，他竟然咯咯的笑着轻拍南瓜。我爸爸咧嘴笑着，来帮助我，安慰地说，“保持镇静！”我被成功地营救了，一阵感激之情向我袭来，泪水像断了线的珠子一样滚下我的脸庞。
续写语料运用
the huge pumpkin，I was __________
__________my throat tightened and my knees felt weak，various terrible thoughts .I pull my head out of it，but in vain.Ignoring ，my brother should ，giggling.Grinning from ear to ear，my father ，saying comfortably，“ ！” I and washed over me，tears trickling down my cheeks，like a broken line of beads.
返 回
续写语料运用
With my head trapped in
in such
shock that
flooding into my mind
made every effort to
what I was suffering
tap the huge pumpkin
came to my aid
Keep calm
was successfully rescued
a wave of gratitude必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Younger readers will discover dinosaurs，stars，explorers，landmarks and more in these maps and travel books chosen by Vivien Godfrey，head of Stanfords.
Maps Special Edition，￡25
This book was already popular in our children’s department and has been made even better with this special edition，which includes 16 new maps.The collection of 68 maps takes you through 58 countries and 6 continents.It is packed with illustrated information，which includes famous historical figures，local dishes，festivals，wild animals and landmarks.
Maps of the United Kingdom，￡17.99
We held the launch for Maps of the United Kingdom at the Stanfords store in London.Technically aimed at children，it contains lots of information and facts.It’s so well put together，especially when it comes to choosing the 7 famous people in connection with each county：Norfolk，for example，includes Boudicca and Philip Pullman.
Harry Potter’s London：The Film Location Walk，￡3.99
Harry Potter’s London：The Film Location Walk is a map that features information on three walks taken in the best locations of Central London featured in the hugely popular films.The walks cover Piccadilly Circus to Westminster Bridge via Trafalgar Square and King’s Cross Station，with its famous Platform 9.
First Sticker Book Flags，￡5.99
Learn the flags of every country in the world by placing the flag stickers on the correct countries on the maps.This contains fascinating facts about countries and why certain flags feature their particular designs.There are fun questions throughout，including，“Some African flags have a diagonal stripe.How many can you find？”
1．What do the first and second items have in common
A．They include local cuisine.
B．They are intended for children.
C．They were released at the same store.
D．They can take you through different countries.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据Maps Special Edition，￡25部分的“This book was already popular in our children’s department”和Maps of the United Kingdom，￡17.99部分第二句中“Technically aimed at children”可知，这两本地图册的共同点是它们都是为孩子们设计的。故选B。
2．Which of the following features the best locations of Central London
A．Maps Special Edition.
B．Maps of the United Kingdom.
C．Harry Potter’s London：The Film Location Walk.
D．First Sticker Book Flags.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据Harry Potter’s London：The Film Location Walk，￡3.99部分第一句可知，这本地图册展示了伦敦中心区最佳的(外景拍摄)地点。故选C。
3．Where can the text be found
A．A travel brochure.
B．A fashion magazine.
C．An online course.
D．A bookstore advertisement.
答案 D
解析 文章出处题。文章主要介绍了适合年轻的读者阅读的地图册和旅游书籍，根据第一段也可推断出此文应该是书店的广告。故选D。
B
Recently，Londoners were treated to a new way in dining.Food Ink，“the world’s first 3D printing restaurant”，opened to a group of guests who dined on a nine-course meal prepared right before their eyes using 3D printers.Even the restaurant’s tables and chairs，cups and plates were created with 3D technology.With London just the beginning，Food Ink plans to bring its innovative restaurant format to a number of other cities around the globe.
Like other 3D applications，printing food is a process that builds layers upon layers of material on top of each other.Each layer is pushed through a print head to form an object with a desired shape，texture，size，and so forth.Unlike other 3D printing，which uses spools(线轴) to create objects out of plastic，food materials in 3D printing are inserted into a syringe(吸管) like a container，which are then pressed into the shape required.Any food ingredients that can be turned into a paste(糊状物) can be used in 3D food printing.
Fine dining is only one aspect of the food industry about to be revolutionized by 3D printing.Researchers have been exploring ways to use 3D printing to fight world hunger.Mass production of food using powdered nutritional ingredients could help feed a growing population.This is especially important with the world population projected to be 6.5 billion by 2030.The 3D-printed food would have the advantage of being produced cheaply and having a long shelf life.
The technology will enable consumers to quickly make meals with ingredients to suit their specific health needs.The Netherlands Organization for applied scientific research is turning to 3D printing to mash up(捣成糊状) peas，broccoli，and carrots to produce 3D-printed versions of the vegetables.These are easier to chew but hold their shape.The 3D-printed vegetables are being served throughout nursing homes in Germany.It seems that there is no end to the potential of 3D printing.
4．What can we learn about “Food Ink”？
A．It attracts lots of guests.
B．It’s a 3D technology company.
C．It is popular around the world.
D．It features the 3D printing food.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Food Ink，‘the world’s first 3D printing restaurant’，opened to a group of guests...”可知，Food Ink是一家餐馆，以3D打印菜肴为特色。故选D。
5．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about 3D printing food
A．Its target users.
B．Its wide popularity.
C．Its major function.
D．Its production process.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。由第二段第一句中的“printing food is a process...”和该段内容可知，第二段主要是在介绍打印食物的过程。故选D。
6．Why can 3D printing food fight world hunger
A．It can make food tastier.
B．It can make food more nutritional.
C．It can reduce food production cost.
D．It will slow world population growth.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，3D食物打印可以降低生产成本，更好地对抗饥饿问题。故选C。
7．What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A．3D printing has a bright future.
B．3D printing food will replace the traditional food.
C．3D application has been used in every aspect of our life.
D．The Netherlands and Germany are leading the 3D technology.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“It seems that there is no end to the potential of 3D printing.”可推断出，3D打印技术还有很多用处，前途光明。故选A。
C
(2023·广东茂名联考)
Echolocation has been gaining popularity recently as a skill that some blind people use to precisely map the surroundings.They can detect trees，buildings or doorways by making a clicking sound with their mouths and listening for the echo.
However，research has shown this can be learned by anyone，blind or sighted.A growing body of research encourages us to awake senses that have been neglected.Just by using mouth clicks，echo experts can tell whether an object 2m away is a car or tree.
This does not mean echolocation provides people with the same accuracy as vision.Human echolocators struggle to track tiny targets.And it only works for three-dimensional objects.However，Lore Thaler，one of the world’s leading experts on human echolocation，says it is still a very powerful technique.
Thaler and her colleagues are currently studying brain scans of sighted and blind people who are learning to echolocate.So far，results have shown something rather surprising：When sighted people learn to navigate by sound，they engage the part of their brain that usually deals with vision.
“We like to think of vision as a sense that’s by itself，and there are certain resources dedicated to it，such as the eyes and specific parts of the brain.But instead，our brain may be able to process sensory information somewhat more flexibly—‘seeing’with our ears，if you like.It’s just that usually，for sighted people，there is no reason to do so，”says Thaler.
In everyday life，our real sensory superpower lies not in any individual skill，but in their combination.This is because each sense is limited on its own.Our peripheral vision(外围视觉)，for example，is rather poor.But we can combine it with another sense，like hearing，to make out where something is，say，an approaching car.This is known as the “bimodal precision advantage(双峰精度优势)”．
It’s strange to think that echolocation has been inside us，unused and unnoticed.Who knows what other hidden senses are waiting to be discovered
8．What does the underlined word “this”in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Echolocation.
B．Listening for the echo.
C．Detecting objects.
D．Making a clicking sound.
答案 A
解析 代词指代题。根据文章第一段中的“Echolocation has been gaining popularity recently as a skill that some blind people use to precisely map the surroundings.”并结合画线词所在句可知，此处指无论是盲人还是视力正常的人都能学会回声定位。this指代“Echolocation”。故选A。
9．Which finding shocked Thaler and her colleagues
A．Ears do help our vision to “see”more precisely.
B．The blind are better echolocators than the sighted.
C．Tracking tiny targets is still hard for human echolocators.
D．Vision is associated with only eyes and parts of the brain.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句和第五段中的“‘seeing’with our ears，if you like”可知，耳朵有助于我们的视力“看”得更准确，这一发现震惊了Thaler和她的同事。故选A。
10．Which of the following can help us gain sensory superpower
A．The peripheral vision.
B．Sensory information.
C．The flexibility of the brain.
D．Sensory combination.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段首句可知，感官之间的结合可以帮助我们获得感官超能力。故选D。
11．What could be a suitable title for the text
A．The Truth Behind Vision
B．The Power of Hidden Senses
C．The Popularity of Echolocation
D．The Bimodal Precision Advantage
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了隐藏感官的力量。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
Children are naturally curious beings. 1 Teachers and parents often find themselves making use of rewards in the form of stars，promises of high grades and wonderful careers，or threats of punishment.But what if rewards and threats aren’t the answer
Natural curiosity is sometimes referred to as “inner motivation”． 2 And it’s easy to understand why it’s hard to study something we aren’t actively engaged with，and if we’re passionate about the information we’re digesting，it feels more fulfilling.
External motivation，things like rewards and punishment，does have its uses too.Praise and stimulation based on achieving good grades or fear of punishment has been acknowledged to motivate older students. 3 So，if it’s the case that natural curiosity is motivation for better learning，how can we stimulate that interest
4 Let children see their learning as their own thing and give them a bit more choice of what and how they learn.For example，if you want to teach children to read，let them choose which book they use.Whether it’s a graphic novel，TV guide or classic literature，the aim of stimulating their appetite for reading is achieved.
Likewise，build a relationship with children as learners and listen to their negative feelings.If they are unwilling to get involved in an activity，don’t rush to use threats or rewards.Try to find out why.Perhaps it’s simply because they feel the activity boring. 5
All in all，the answer to motivating children，especially the young ones，comes from inspiring their inner motivation.Once their inner motivation is generated，the children will be fired up.
A．The key is to allow some degree of freedom.
B．Children who see learning as fun are better at it.
C．It doesn’t have as much effect at an early age，though.
D．Then explain its value，even if it doesn’t seem appealing.
E．It’s unapparent whether they lack inner or external motivation.
F．Even top students have days when they aren’t motivated for learning.
G．But getting them to study what they aren’t interested in can be a tricky task.
1．答案 G
解析 上文说“孩子们天生好奇”；后文提到老师和家长需要依靠一些奖惩手段来激发孩子们的学习动机，说明本句与上文构成转折，指出让孩子学习他们不感兴趣的东西很困难，G项中them指代上文Children。故G项(但是让他们学习他们不感兴趣的东西可能是一项棘手的任务)符合语境。故选G。
2．答案 B
解析 上文说“天生的好奇心有时被称为‘内在动机’”，后文解释了为什么学习一些我们不感兴趣的东西是很难的，可见让孩子主动学习需要激发孩子学习的兴趣，故B项(把学习视为乐趣的孩子更擅长学习)符合语境。故选B。
3．答案 C
解析 上文说外部动机，比如奖励和惩罚，可以激励年长学生，C项起着承上启下的作用，C项中It指代上文中的“External motivation”，“at an early age”对比空前的“older students”，故C项(尽管它对年幼者没有那么大的影响)符合语境。故选C。
4．答案 A
解析 根据后文“让孩子把学习看作是他们自己的事情，在学习什么和如何学习方面给他们更多一点的选择”可知，本段的主旨是给予孩子更多的选择，故A项(关键是允许一定程度的自由)符合语境。故选A。
5．答案 D
解析 上文说试着找出孩子不愿意参与一项活动的原因，本句承接上文，说明找出原因的过程，D项中it指代上文the activity。故D项(然后解释它的价值，即使它看起来不吸引人)符合语境。故选D。Ⅰ.认阅读单词
1．tornado n．(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风
2．drought n．旱灾；久旱
3．landslide n．(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
4．tsunami n．海啸
5．volcanic eruption火山喷发
6．magnitude n．(地)震级；重大
7．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
8．helicopter n．直升机
9．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
10．brick n．砖；砖块
11．metal n．金属
12．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
13．revival n．振兴；复苏
14．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
15．volcano n．(pl.-oes or -os)火山
16．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
17．typhoon n．台风
18．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
19．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
20．kit n．成套工具；成套设备
21．first aid kit急救箱
Ⅱ.记重点单词
1．disaster n．灾难；灾害
2．slide vi.& vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动
3．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
4．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
5．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
6．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
7．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
8．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
9．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
10．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
11．bury vt.埋葬；安葬
12．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
13．context n．上下文；语境；背景
14．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
15．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
16．pipe n．管子；管道
17．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
18．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
19．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
20．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
21．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
22．strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
Ⅲ.知拓展单词
1．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；结果；影响→effective adj.有效的
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
4．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的
7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受难；苦楚→sufferer n．受苦者；受难者
8．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者；生还者
9．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj.强大的；强壮的→powerless adj.无力的
10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的→emerge vi.浮现；出现
11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
12．summary n．总结；概括；概要→summariz(s)e vt.& vi.总结；概括
13．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长
1．ambulance n．救护车
2．ancient adj.古代的
3．anniversary n．周年纪念日
4．annual adj.每年的
5．antique n．古董，古玩
6．apartment n．公寓
7．apparent adj.表面上的；明显的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．as if似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shock震惊；吃惊
4．in the open air露天；在户外
5．on hand现有(尤指帮助)
6．sweep away消灭；彻底消除
7．refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
8．the number of...……的数量
9．as usual像往常一样
10．come to an end告终；结束
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.(too...to...)
鸡甚至猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。
2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导的虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
3．Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
很难得到水、食物和电。
4．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(those who...)
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
5．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。
6．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing...when...正在做……突然……)
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
Disasters such as tornadoes，droughts，floods，landslides，volcanic eruptions，typhoons，hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another，causing great 1.damage to many countries.In summary，the earthquake has the worst effects.The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 2.deaths.90 percent of homes lay in ruins and people 3.suffered a lot.Food，water and electricity were hard to get.Everywhere the 4.shocked survivors saw destroyed bricks，deep cracks in village wells and useless metals as if the world were at an end.Rescue teams who were in shock dug out the trapped,5.buried the dead，and built shelters in the open air.With unified efforts and wisdom of all people，the city revived itself and began to 6.breathe again.Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis.The tsunami that 7.struck Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines.Huge waves swept away many people.Foreign countries aided these areas by 8.delivering food and supplies by helicopters.(Tips for emergency which affects people greatly：※ Keep calm ※ Tap on a pipe or whistle for help※Stay away from power lines ※ Survive on what you have on hand ※ Keep first aid kits at home)
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
affect v．影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭；使感染(effect n．影响；结果；效果 effective adj.有效的)
be affected by受……的影响；被……感动 be affected with感染……疾病 have an effect/influence on/upon对……产生影响
(1)We must take effective(effect) measures to prevent natural disasters in advance.
(2)得知你由于感染了重病而回爱尔兰，我非常抱歉。(2020·浙江7月，应用文写作)
Learning that you have returned to Ireland because you are affected with a serious/severe illness，I am terribly sorry about it.
(3)总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
In summary，the English newspaper Youth affects me greatly/has a great effect on me.I am often deeply affected by countless moving stories in the newspaper.
shock vt.(使)震惊 n．休克；震惊；令人震惊的事(shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的)
be a shock to...对……而言是一件震惊的事 in shock吃惊地，震惊地 be shocked at sth/that...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊
(1)Looking at the house which lay in ruins in shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.
(2)All of us were shocked at the shocking news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock)
(3)I was shocked to hear(hear) the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously.The news was a shock to us.
(4)The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.Elli and I were shocked.(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.(用what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写)
bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏
bury sth in...把某物埋在…… bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于
(1)He wept sadly and he buried his face in his hands.(读后续写之动作描写)
→He wept sadly，burying his face in his hands.(用doing作状语改写)
→He wept sadly，with his face buried in his hands.(用with的复合结构改写)
→He wept sadly，his face buried in his hands.(用独立主格改写)
(2)我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
①I bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.
②Buried in reading the English newspaper every day，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering n．受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难 sufferer n．受害者；患者)
suffer from遭受……折磨；患……病
(1)People of the disaster area suffered a lot from the typhoon，and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.
(2)生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之升华句)(强调句)
There are always some ups and downs in our lives，but it is the suffering that makes us stronger.
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸免；幸存；艰难度过；生还；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生还)
survive on靠……存活下来 survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来 A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)
(1)We will do everything in our power to help those survivors(survive) in the tornado.
(2)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years.
(3)When I realized that the poor boy survived on discarded(被丢弃的) food，a wave of sadness and sympathy washed over me.
(4)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句)
Life isn’t about how to survive the storm；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)击打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
be struck with/by被……所袭击(感动) It strikes sb that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起…… sth strike sb 某人想到…… be on strike在罢工 go on strike举行罢工 表示“突然想到”的单词还有hit，occur。
(1)The workers are coming out on strike for higher wages，which is a shock to the government.
(2)被他为我所做的事情所感动，我没能控制住自己，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(读后续写之心理描写)
①Because I was struck with/by what he had done for me，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.
②Struck by/with what he had done for me，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
(3)我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)
It suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.
(4)约翰想到一个促销爆米花的好办法，于是他像一阵风似的冲向伯纳德的家。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
A good way to promote popcorn struck/hit/occurred to John and thus，he dashed to Bernard’s home like a gust of wind.
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 (ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产)
be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭 fall/come into ruin成为废墟；毁灭 ruin one’s hope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康
(1)90 percent of houses lay in ruins after the landslide and helicopters were used to evacuate people living there.
(2)The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night and it nearly ruined his health.(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
→The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night，which nearly ruined his health.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night，nearly ruining his health.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
as if引导的虚拟语气 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！
as if相当于as though，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句。as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。 若as if/though从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。 ①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)； ②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)； ③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(1)Listen，the whistle of an ambulance！It seems as if there is(be) an emergency.
(2)When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were(be) broken.
(3)似乎Mac的生命结束了。
It seemed as if Mac’s life had come to an end.
(4)树林里很黑，似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。(读后续写之心理描写)
It is dark in the woods.It seems as if there were a fierce beast behind every bush.The more she thinks of this，the more frightened she is.
(5)眼泪在眼眶里打转，大卫抬起头，看着我，好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Tears swirling in his eyes，David raised his head，looked at me as if he would say something/as if (he was) to say something，but lowered his head once again.
用法点拨 若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。
be doing...when... I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型： be about to do...when...正要做……突然…… be on the point of doing...when...正要做……突然…… had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然……
(1)我们正要离开时，隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。
We were about to leave/were on the point of leaving when a big noise came from the next room.
(2)双胞胎正在煲(stew)鸡肉粥，这时他们的爸爸迈进了厨房。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
The twins were stewing chicken porridge when their father marched into the kitchen.
(3)我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。
I had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground.
1．It would work like this：An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
它的工作原理是这样的：一名到达事故现场的警官可以索要司机的手机，并且使用文本分析仪在操作系统中核查最近的活动。
2．A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏驱走了许多鸟类。
3．The collapse was disastrous，requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork.(2021·全国乙)
她的昏倒是灾难性的，需要急诊医疗队和良好的团队合作。
4．They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.(2019·北京)
他们得出的结论是，当任务相互依存度高时，团队人才过多会影响表现，而当任务相互依存度较低时，单个人才则会对团队表现有积极影响。
5．After all，not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，equal rights to survive.(2019·江苏)
毕竟，并不是每个人都能意识到野生动物有思想、感情，最重要的是，它们有平等的生存权利。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．strike
A.v.打 B.v.使突然想起 C.n.罢工 D.v. 灾难、疾病等 袭击 E.v.划 火柴 F.v. 钟 敲
(1)When I entered the room，the clock had just struck 10. F
(2)As an old saying goes，“Strike the iron while it’s hot.” You’d better go over what you have learned as soon as possible. A
(3)The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately. E
(4)They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay. C
(5)A big earthquake struck the area last week，which then caused a terrible tsunami. D
(6)It strikes us that we can follow the stream back to the farmhouse. B
2．deliver
(1)The princess has been delivered of a healthy baby boy. B
(2)I’m having some flowers delivered for her birthday. A
(3)I feel greatly honoured to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering here. C
3．affect
(1)Deeply affected by the film，we couldn’t hold back tears. B
(2)Honestly speaking，the coming-of-age ceremony affects me greatly.(2020·天津，书面表达)
A
(3)The disease affects many different organs of his body. C
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock.休克
(2)When we visited the old family home，past sweet memories came flooding back.大量涌入
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．He made a great effort to save the girl trapped(trap) in the burning house.
2. Working out either indoors or outdoors regularly will affect(effect) your fitness positively.
3．The news that the athlete failed in the marathon due to a serious injury made us shocked(shock)．
4．Buried(bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball，he didn’t make it to school on time.
5．How can you survive on such a poor diet Keeping slim doesn’t make sense if you’re not healthy.
6. Compared with those who are engaged in manual labor，teachers experience more mental sufferings(suffer)．
7．It struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to understand what I didn’t.
8．The stadium and the gym lay in ruins after the big fire caused by careless smoking.
9．She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed(stay) in America for a long time.
10．To win an honour for his country，he didn’t give up even if he got injured in the race，setting(set) a good example to others.
Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
(2021·全国乙)——在线学习
1．我觉得在线学习对我们学生有重大影响。(It strikes sb that；effect)
It strikes me that online learning has a great effect on us students.
2．许多学生专心学习有益的在线课程，这既扩大了他们的视野也提高了他们的学习兴趣。(be buried in；现在分词短语作结果状语)
Many students are buried in learning beneficial online courses，broadening their horizons and enhancing their learning interest.
3．然而，使我们震惊的是许多学生沉溺于在线游戏。(shock)
However，what shocks us/what makes us shocked is that many students are addicted to online games.
4．这从长远看一定会毁掉他们的健康和希望。(ruin)
It will definitely ruin their health and hope in the long run.
5．尽管这个问题很难解决，我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受网瘾的人。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do；those who...；suffer from)
Although/Though/While the problem is difficult to handle，we should spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction.
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
教材续写语料
1．情感描写
shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊
in shock震惊；吃惊
calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
2．动作描写
slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动
flood vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.帮助；援助
crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫
wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过
续写语料运用
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。
(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)——头被卡在大南瓜里
我的头陷入大南瓜里，我是如此震惊以至于我的喉咙发紧，膝盖发软，各种各样糟糕的想法涌入我的心头。我尝试把头从南瓜里拔出来，但是白费力气。我哥哥不顾我正遭受的事情，他竟然咯咯的笑着轻拍南瓜。我爸爸咧嘴笑着，来帮助我，安慰地说，“保持镇静！”我被成功地营救了，一阵感激之情向我袭来，泪水像断了线的珠子一样滚下我的脸庞。
With my head trapped in the huge pumpkin，I was in such shock that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak，various terrible thoughts flooding into my mind.I made every effort to pull my head out of it，but in vain.Ignoring what I was suffering，my brother should tap the huge pumpkin，giggling.Grinning from ear to ear，my father came to my aid，saying comfortably，“Keep calm！” I was successfully rescued and a wave of gratitude washed over me，tears trickling down my cheeks，like a broken line of beads.必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共12分)
1．tornado n．(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风
2．drought n．旱灾；久旱
3．tsunami n．海啸
4．helicopter n．直升机
5．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
6．brick n．砖；砖块
7．metal n．金属
8．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
9．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
10．typhoon n．台风
11．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
12．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共15分)
1．disaster n．灾难；灾害
2．slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动
3．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
4．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
5．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
6．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
7．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
8．bury vt.埋葬；安葬
9．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
10．context n．上下文；语境；背景
11．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
12．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
13．sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫
14．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
15．strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)
1．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；结果；影响→effective adj.有效的
2．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
3．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
4．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj.强大的；强壮的→powerless adj.无力的
5．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
6．summary n．总结；概括；概要→summariz(s)e vt.& vi.总结；概括
7．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．使(变长)
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．antique n．古董，古玩
2．ambulance n．救护车
3．ancient adj.古代的
4．anniversary n．周年纪念日
5．apparent adj.表面上的；明显的
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共12分)
1．as if似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shock震惊；吃惊
4．in the open air露天；在户外
5．refuse to do sth拒绝做某事
6．as usual像往常一样
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分)
1．People were shocked to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The shocking news shocked all the people around.(shock)
2．The wise man has much wisdom and can handle various matters wisely.(wisdom)
3．We measured the length of the area and found it was just three meters long and thus，we needed to lengthen it.(length)
4．He takes a deep breath and breathes in the sweet smell of fresh flowers.(breathe)
5．Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of survival.Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors.(survive)
6．The recent effective treatments have a great effect on the recovery of the patients affected by COVID-19.(affect)
7．The deadly disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 deaths up to now.(dead)
8．When you write a summary of an article，summarizing the main idea of each part is the first step.(summary)
9．She has been suffering from the loss of memory since she had that car accident and her suffering is beyond description.(suffer)
10．When an emergent incident emerges，you can immediately call the emergency call.(emergency)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共12分)
1．The summer vacation came to an end at last and we would return to school.
2．He said to me in shock，“Our monitor won the first prize in the competition.”
3．With the development of China，the number of people studying Chinese in the West is increasing rapidly.
4．What made us frustrated was that the floods swept away all the houses.
5．It was because of an unexpected rain that we couldn’t go on a picnic in the open air.
6．He wants to see me now，but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
1．每天我都非常焦虑，直到深夜才能睡着。(too...to...)
Every day I am too anxious to fall asleep until late into the night.
2．既紧张又害怕，我感觉如坐针毡。(as if引导的虚拟语气)
Nervous and frightened，I felt as if I were sitting on pins and needles.
3．我的头很难从大南瓜里拔出来。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)
My head was difficult to pull out of the huge pumpkin.
4．想参加此次采摘活动的人被要求明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。(those who)
(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
Those who want to participate in the picking activity are required to gather at the school gate at 7∶00 am tomorrow.
5．他正在河边散步，突然听见有人呼救。(be doing...when...)
He was walking along the river when he heard someone crying for help.
