初中英语2023年中考专题训练
阅读理解-说明文篇
(一)
Besides the famous Great Wall and Tian’anmen Square, what other places do you want to visit in Beijing How about going to some interesting museums You can learn a lot while having fun!
China Bee Museum
Bees are quite small insects, but China Bee Museum is quite big. There are about 600 bee specimens (标本) in the museum. There is also a great bee-keeping exhibition. Do you want to learn more about where honey comes from and how it is made Then you can go there to watch! Please remember to taste many different types of honey if you go there.
China Watermelon Museum
If you love watermelon, you will feel at home at China Watermelon Museum. Most of the exhibits are about how people grow and develop different kinds of watermelons. Visitors can also see many paintings and other art pieces about this summer fruit in the museum. Great statues (雕塑) at the entrance are a must-see attraction.
Beijing Diabolo Museum
Playing diabolo (空竹) is one of the most popular outdoor activities in Beijing. A diabolo looks like a dumbbell (哑铃). You can throw it up and catch it with a string tied between two bamboo sticks. Beijing Diabolo Museum has about 450 diabolos. It also teaches many diabolo skills. You can learn how to play diabolo yourself!
1. What can’t you do in China Bee Museum
A. Watch many honey specimens.
B. Taste different kinds of honey.
C. Learn where honey is from.
D. Learn how honey is made.
2. The underlined words “a must-see attraction" in Paragraph 3 probably mean ________.
A. a funny toy
B. a beautiful picture
C. an interesting place
D. an exciting exhibition
3. We can see some art pieces at ________.
A. Tian’anmen Square
B. Beijing Diabolo Museum
C. China Bee Museum
D. China Watermelon Museum
4. How many diabolos are there in Beijing Diabolo Museum
A. About 600. B. About 500. C. About 450. D. About 350.
5. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
【篇章导读】除了著名的长城和天安门外, 北京还有很多有趣的博物馆。本文作者介绍了其中三个, 分别是中国蜜蜂博物馆、中国西瓜博物馆和北京空竹博物馆。
【难句解读】 (第二段第四句) Do you want to learn more about where honey comes from and how it is made 你想了解更多有关蜂蜜是从哪里来的以及是如何被制作出来的知识吗 本句为包含宾语从句的复合句。主句为Do you want to learn more about, 后面的内容是宾语从句。
【答案解析】
1. A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“There are about 600 bee specimens in the museum.”可知, 中国蜜蜂博物馆里存放的是蜜蜂标本, 而不是蜂蜜标本。
2. C 词义猜测题。结合本句中的 Great statues at the entrance和选项可推知, 此处是指入口处的大雕塑是必看的景点, 故可推知本题选C项。
3. D 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Visitors can also see many paintings and other art pieces about this summer fruit in the museum.”可知, 我们能在中国西瓜博物馆看到很多画和其他的艺术作品, 故选D项。
4. C 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Beijing Diabolo Museum has about 450 diabolos.”可知, 北京空竹博物馆有大约450个空竹。
5. B 篇章结构题。通读全文可知, 本文第一段总体进行概括并引出话题, 后面三段分别介绍三个博物馆, 故选B。
(二)
When people go to watch the Olympic Games, there are some rules for them to follow.
Archery (射箭) & Shooting
●Sit at the back or on either side of the field.
●Keep quiet during the match. Turn off your phone or make sure it is in the vibrating state.
●Do not use the flash (闪光灯).
●When athletes are aiming at the target (目标), keep your voice down.
Basketball, Baseball & Football
●You can’t bring drinks in glass bottles or cans.
●Keep your voice down at important moments.
●Do not use the flash.
●If you get nervous easily, you can bring some snacks. Eat something to calm yourself down.
Cycling & Marathon
●You should stay away from the track and keep an eye on your children.
●Athletes may look tired and thirsty, but you can’t hand them water or anything else.
●If athletes fall, you can’t help them.
1. Which sport is NOT mentioned in the passage
A. B. C. D.
2. The underlined word “vibrating” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 吵闹的 B. 振动的 C. 运行的 D. 户外的
3. In which match can’t you use the flash according to the passage
A. B. C. D.
4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. When marathon athletes fall, you can’t go to help them.
B. You can’t shout loudly when watching a shooting match.
C. You can shout loudly at important moments during a football match.
D. Drinks in glass bottles or cans are not allowed in a baseball match.
5. The passage mainly talks about _________.
A. the Olympic Games
B. some important matches
C. an exciting basketball match
D. some rules for audiences during the Olympic Games
【篇章导读】本文主要介绍了观众在奥运会现场观看比赛时应该遵守的一些规则。
【答案解析】
1. C 细节理解题。本文提到了射箭、射击、打篮球、打棒球、踢足球、骑自行车和跑马拉松, 但没有提到打网球。
2. B 词义猜测题。由画线单词所在句的上一句“Keep quiet during the match.”可知, 在观看比赛时要保持安静, 所以你要关闭手机或者确保手机处在振动模式。由此可猜测, vibrating 意为“振动的”。
3. A 细节理解题。由Basketball, Baseball&Football 中的“Do not use the flash.”可知, 在观看棒球比赛时, 不能使用闪光灯。
4. C细节理解题。由 Basketball, Baseball& Football 中的“Keep your voice down at important moments.”可知, 在足球比赛的重要时刻, 不能大声喊叫。
5. D 主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知, 本文主要介绍了观众在奥运会现场观看比赛时应该遵守的一些规则。
(三)
The housing market in the Netherlands is hot! The prices of the houses in the Netherlands are rising, but how long will that last Will prices then fall Well, scientists say that prices may go up in the coming years, so many people can’t afford a new house.
It’s reported that the Netherlands needs thousands of new houses for its growing people, but it may not have to build them all. Some of these houses may end up being printed.
The local government is working with a university and some building companies to make houses that are fully 3D-printed. As volunteers, an old couple became the first people in Europe to move into such a house.
With two bedrooms and a big living area, the house is built layer (层) by layer, using a giant 3D printer and something special. After the house is printed out, workers will use a truck to take the house to the building site and then add a roof and windows to it.
It takes around 120 hours to make this house while it usually takes around one to two years to build a house in the traditional way. The couple would live in this house for six months, with a monthly rent of 800 euros (欧元).
1. From the first paragraph, we can know that _________.
A. there are too many new houses in the Netherlands
B. everyone in the Netherlands can afford a new house
C. the houses in the Netherlands become more expensive
D. many people in the Netherlands don’t want to buy a house
2. The underlined word “them” in the second paragraph refers to “_________”.
A. scientists B. prices C. companies D. houses
3. Who became the first people to move into a fully 3D-printed house in Europe
A. Two students. B. Two scientists. C. An old couple. D. A young couple.
4. People need to spend about making _________ a fully 3D-printed house.
A. 5 days B. 10 days C. one year D. two years
5. The passage may come from _________.
A. a sports report B. a piece of news C. a storybook D. a talk show
【篇章导读】荷兰需要成千上万的新房子来满足其不断增长的人口需求, 但持续上涨的房价却让很多人无能为力。欧洲有一对老夫妇作为志愿者住进了一幢全3D打印的房子。这种房子不仅建造时间短, 而且价格便宜。
【难句解读】 (第三段第一句) The local government is working with a university and some building companies to make houses that are fully 3D-printed. 当地政府正与一所大学和一些建筑公司合作制造全3D打印的房子。本句为含有定语从句的复合句。主句为The local government is working with a university and some building companies to make houses; that are fully 3D-printed 为 that引导的定语从句, 且that在从句中作主语。在主句中, 动词不定式短语to make houses作目的状语。
【答案解析】
1. C 细节理解题。由第一段中的The prices of the houses in the Netherlands are rising可知, 荷兰的房价一直在上涨, 即荷兰的房子变得更贵了。
2. D 代词指代题。联系上下文可知, 此处是指荷兰需要成千上万的新房子来满足其不断增长的人口需求, 但可能没有必要全都建造, 故them指代的是上文中的houses。
3. C 细节理解题。由第三段第二句“As volunteers, an old couple became the first people in Europe to move into such a house. ”可知, 一对老夫妇成为欧洲第一批搬进全3D打印房子的人。
4. A 数字计算题。由最后一段中的It takes around 120 hours to make this house 可知, 制造一个这种全3D打印的房子需要大约120个小时。一天有24个小时, 由此计算出需要大约5天。
5. B 推理判断题。通读全文可推知, 本文应该是一篇新闻报道, 故选B项。
(四)
Teenagers need about eight to nine hours of sleep each night. However, some of us may have sleep problems. If we don’t sleep well, our performance at school and our health will be affected (影响). How can we have a good sleep
Be active during the day. We may have noticed how active little children are during the day and how well they sleep at night. Physical activity can help us reduce stress and make us relaxed. Doing some exercise every day can help us sleep well. Just don’t go to bed right after doing exercise, as we will keep active and be stopped from feeling sleepy.
Keep a sleep routine. Going to bed at the same time every night helps our body expect sleep. It means if we sleep at 8:00 every night, our body will know that 8:00 p. m. is the time to sleep. That’s why keeping a sleep routine helps us have a good sleep. We can also do some reading, listen to some soft music or do anything else that can relax ourselves before we sleep.
Expect a good night’s sleep. Stress can keep us awake, so we should be relaxed before we go to bed. Don’t be stressed out and just tell ourselves that we can have a good sleep. Saying “Tonight, I will sleep well.” Several times can help a lot.
1. We can read the passage in the _________ column of a magazine.
A, sports B. health C. music D. travel
2. We shouldn’t go to bed right after doing exercise because _________.
A. we will eat more
B. it can reduce our stress
C. it makes us more relaxed
D. we will feel very excited
3. The underlined word “routine” probably means _________.
A. the eating habit
B. the alarm clock
C. the usual order
D. the relaxing way
4. What can keep us awake before we sleep
A. Believing we can sleep well.
B. Listening to some soft music.
C. Reading a book or a newspaper.
D. Keeping stressed out all the time.
5. What’s the best title for the passage
A. How to Have a Good Sleep
B. Expect a Long Sleep
C. Sleep Problems
D. Sleep on Time
【篇章导读】睡眠对于每个人来说都是非常重要的。如果睡眠出现问题, 我们的学习和身体都会受到影响。本文作者提出了几条有助于睡眠的建议。
【答案解析】
1. B 推理判断题。结合常识和第一段中的“If we don’t sleep well, our performance at school and our health will be affected.”可知, 睡眠质量与身体健康息息相关, 故可推知我们会在杂志的健康专栏读到本文。
2. D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Just don’t go to bed right after doing exercise, as we will keep active and be stopped from feeling sleepy.”可知, 我们不要运动后立刻去睡觉是因为我们会很兴奋。
3. C 词义猜测题。 由画线单词所在句的下一句“Going to bed at the same time every night helps our body expect sleep.”可知, 每晚在相同的时间上床睡觉有助于让我们的身体养成生物钟。由此可猜测, routine意为“惯例, 常规”, 故选C项。
4. D 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Stress can keep us awake, so we should be relaxed before we go to bed.”可知, 焦虑会让我们保持清醒。
5. A 标题概括题。通读全文可知, 本文作者提出了几条有助于睡眠的建议, 故最佳标题为A项。
(五)
Everyone has stress. Sometimes stress may make you want to growl (低声吼叫) like a bear. If so, you can watch some videos on yoga, and do some yoga to reduce your stress. You can be a “yoga bear” instead of a “growling bear”.
First, you can try an exercise called belly breathing while you’re sitting in your chair. Just breathe slowly. It is easy, but it really helps when you feel angry, nervous or upset.
Next, try some neck stretches. Remember that these are good exercises to do right before taking a test.
Next, try some silly faces. Open your mouth wide, and then scrunch up your face to make your face look funny. Look at your partners and see who can make the silliest face.
Then try to relax your shoulders, wrists and palms. It can really make you feel better.
Now stand up and breathe slowly.
After you are done, you should say “Namaste!” to your partners. “Namaste” is a word in Sanskrit that people in India and Nepal use to greet each other. The word means“ bowing (鞠躬) to you”.
1. When you do an exercise called belly breathing, you _________.
A. sit in a chair and growl like a bear
B. stretch your neck as much as you can
C. breathe in and breathe out slowly
D. open your mouth wide and make some silly faces
2. The underlined phrase “scrunch up” means _________ in Chinese.
A. 保养 B. 洗刷 C. 毁坏 D. 紧绷
3. Put the following things in the right order according to the passage.
a. Stand up.
b. Sit in your chair and breathe slowly.
c. Try some neck stretches.
d. Make silly faces with your partners.
e. Relax your shoulders, wrists and palms.
A. b→c→d→e→a B. c→e→b→d→a C. a→e→b→d→c D. b→d→a→c→e
4. What is the main idea of the passage
A. To introduce how important yoga is.
B. To introduce how to reduce stress by doing yoga.
C. To introduce how to make some silly faces.
D. To introduce what “Namaste” means in Sanskxrit.
【篇章导读】每个人都会有压力。当你面对压力的时候, 你打算只像熊一样吼叫, 还是通过运动来释放压力, 做一只“瑜伽熊”呢 本文主要介绍了如何通过做瑜伽释放压力。
【答案解析】
1. C 细节理解题。由第二段中的“First, you can try an exercise called belly breathing while you’re sitting in your chair. Just breathe slowly.”可知, 腹式呼吸就是慢慢地呼吸, 故选C项。
2. D 词义猜测题。第四段介绍了如何做鬼脸。由画线短语后面的 make your face look funny可知, 为了看上去滑稽, 做鬼脸时面部应该是紧绷的, 故可猜测 scrunch up意为“紧绷”。
3. A 排列顺序题。通读第二段至第六段可知, 正确的顺序是坐在椅子上慢慢呼吸→做一些颈部伸展运动→和同伴做鬼脸→放松肩膀、腕和手掌→站立。由此可知, 答案为A项。
4. B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了如何通过做瑜伽释放压力。
(六)
The people of Sommaroy, an island in Northern Norway, want to make time out, making the island the world’s first time-free zone.
On this island, which is located near the Arctic Circle, the sun doesn’t rise from November to January. That is why the people of Sommaroy try to make the most of summer. When the sun stays in the sky from about May 18 to July 26, it’s common to see people do all kinds of things late at night, such as doing chores, swimming or playing balls in their yards.
Now the people of Sommaroy want to make their island a time-free zone. It may seem like a joke, but the locals take it seriously. They even gathered to sign a petition (请愿书) for a time-free zone. If they are successful, more than 300 islanders will make school hours and working hours more flexible (灵活的).
It’s clear that they mean business. Tourism is one of the main industries on this island. When visitors cross the bridge to the island from the mainland, they aren’t greeted with a bridge that has lots of love locks like other similar bridges worldwide. The bridge is covered with the islanders’ watches, and visitors are told to prepare for their entry into the island where time is forgotten.
In the meantime, the people of Sommaroy have a few weeks of daylight before the sun goes down once more. Time to put away watches and clocks.
1. Which of the following about Sommaroy is NOT true according to the passage
A. It is an island in Northern Norway.
B. Summer lasts from November to January.
C. It has a population of more than 300 people.
D. Tourism may come to mind when we think of its main industries.
2. On Sommaroy, the sun doesn’t set for about _________ days.
A. 70 B. 60 C. 50 D. 40
3. Why do the islanders want to make their island a time-free zone
A. Because they can watch TV at any time.
B. Because they can spend more time swimming in the ocean.
C. Because they can receive more tourists from all over the world.
D. Because they can be free of traditional school hours and working hours.
4. The islanders put their watches on the bridge because _________.
A. they have to do so according to the local law
B. they find no place to buy love locks on the island
C. they want to forget time and enjoy the wonderful summer
D. their watches don’t work in the area near the Arctic Circle
5. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. To talk about visiting Sommaroy in Norway.
B. To introduce the people’s traditional life of Sommaroy.
C. Sommaroy plans to make a change to its tourism.
D. Sommaroy may be the world’s first time-free zone.
【篇章导读】挪威的索玛若伊岛位于北极圈附近。在那里, 从十一月到来年一月, 太阳都不会升起。 所以, 岛民在夏季会忘记时间, 充分利用夏季宝贵的几十天时间。岛民希望索玛若伊岛能成为世界上第一个“无时间区域”。
【答案解析】
1. B 细节理解题。由第二段中的“That is why the people of Sommaroy try to make the most of summer. When the sun stays in the sky from about May 18 to July 26 …”可知, 夏季大约是从5月18日至7月26日, 故B项的表述错误。
2. A 数字计算题。由第二段中的“That is why the people of Sommaroy try to make the most of summer. When the sun stays in the sky from about May 18 to July 26 …”可计算出, 在索玛若伊岛, 太阳不落下的时间约为70天。
3. D 细节理解题。由第三段中的“If they are successful, more than 300 islanders will make school hours and working hours more flexible.”可知, 岛民想让索玛若伊岛成为“无时间区域”是为了让上课时间和工作时间更加灵活。
4. C 推理判断题。由第四段中的“The bridge is covered with the islanders’ watches, and visitors are told to prepare for their entry into the island where time is forgotten.”可推知, 岛民把手表挂在桥上是为了忘记时间, 享受美好的夏天。
5. D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了索玛若伊岛想要成为世界上第一个“无时间区域”。
(七)
Have you ever thought of taking fishing as a hobby If not, it’s time to think about it. Fishing is relaxing and it can encourage you to go out to enjoy natural beauty.
There are many useful websites about fishing. For example, www.bigfish. has a lot of forums (论坛). There you can share your knowledge about fishing and get helpful advice from other fishermen. Moreover, http:// is also a good website. It teaches beginners how to fish.
I think there are many advantages of going fishing near a river under some green trees. You can forget the sad things when you are fishing. If you don’t try fishing, you will never know what you are missing. Imagine standing on the bank of a river and catching a lot of fish. You should wait for a fish to bite (上钩) before pulling it up. When you catch a fish, you will feel quite happy and excited.
Now that your interest is motivated (激发), you may realize that you don’t have a clue about how to fish. The following tips will help you. If you’d like to learn how to fish, there will be a few things you should do:
●Find a good place for fishing.
●Read a book about fishing.
●Do some research online. There are hundreds of websites that can give you instructions on how to fish.
1. The first paragraph wants to tell you _________.
A. fishing is hard
B. fishing is dangerous
C. everyone likes fishing
D. fishing can help you relax
2. The writer thinks if you never fish, you will _________.
A. have a lot of trouble
B. miss the pleasure of fishing
C. never see green trees
D. never know fishermen’s trouble
3. You will become excited when _________.
A. you catch a fish
B. you fail to find the hook
C. you stand on the bank of a river
D. you don’t have a clue about how to fish
4. According to the passage, if you want to learn to fish, you should _________.
A. often chat with your friends
B. try to get some exercise to be stronger
C. get some knowledge about fishing first
D. often take a walk along the bank of a river after dinner
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. The writer doesn’t give you any advice about fishing in this passage.
B. If you are interested in fishing, you’d better find some advice on the Internet.
C. You can find some advice about fishing on http://.
D. The writer talks about the fun of fishing.
【篇章导读】钓鱼可以让你得到放松, 还可以让你享受到大自然的美丽。本文为钓鱼初学者介绍了一些有关钓鱼的知识。
【答案解析】
1. D 细节理解题。由第一段中的Fishing is relaxing 可知, 作者认为钓鱼可以让你感到放松。
2. B 细节理解题。由第三段的内容可知, 如果你没有钓过鱼, 那么你永远也体会不到钓鱼的乐趣。
3. A 细节理解题。由第三段中的“When you catch a fish, you will feel quite happy and excited.”可知, 当你把鱼钓上来时, 你会感到非常快乐和兴奋。
4. C 细节理解题。作者在最后一段中为想要学习钓鱼的人提供了一些建议, 其中最后一条是建议人们上网了解如何钓鱼, 故C项正确。
5. A 细节理解题。最后一段中作者给出了三条建议, 故A项不符合原文。通读全文可知, 如果你对钓鱼很感兴趣, 那么你最好上网寻求一些建议, 故B项正确; 由第二段的内容可知, C项是正确的表述; 由第三段的内容可知, 作者介绍了钓鱼的乐趣, 故D项也正确。
(八)
Crying is often seen as a sign of weakness. Most people, especially men, will hold back their tears even when they’re feeling very sad. In fact, whether you often break down in tears or you only cry when things get really hard, experts agree that crying is actually good for you.
“Crying has a self-soothing (自我安抚) effect, which can help us regulate our emotions and feel calm again,” an expert explains.
In 2019, about 5.8 percent of people in Spain reported feeling stressed. What’s worse, one in ten Spanish teenagers is suffering from mental illness.
The Spanish government wants to draw attention to this public health problem. A crying room recently opened in the center of its capital city, Madrid. Anyone can visit it at any time. On one of the walls there are some psychologists’ phone numbers. Visitors can call them to talk about their problems. If they don’t know what to say, they can just sit in the room and cry.
The government built the crying room to encourage people to cry and ask for help when they are under stress. “Mental illness isn’t a taboo (禁忌),” Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez told his people on last year’s World Mental Health Day. “We must talk about it openly.”
You don’t have to cry in a crying room, of course. Your family and friends will always be there for you whenever you need a shoulder to cry on.
1. What does the writer want to tell us from Paragraph 1
A. People must cry when they are very sad.
B. When people are weak, they are sure to cry.
C. Everyone may meet with sad things in their life.
D. Crying is good for people when they’re sad.
2. How many of 100 Spanish teenagers are suffering from mental illness
A. One. B. Five. C. Eight. D. Ten.
3. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to “_________”.
A. the walls
B. the teenagers
C. the psychologists
D. the phone numbers
4. Why did the government build the crying room
A. To solve mental stress.
B. To make much money.
C. To get people to cry.
D. To talk about the stress.
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. If you don’t have lots of friends, you should cry,
B. You can talk about your mental illness with others.
C. When you have a lot of work to do, you must cry.
D. If you find a person to depend on, you can enter the crying room.
【篇章导读】有些人觉得哭泣是一种软弱的表现。其实哭泣有一种自我安慰的作用, 能帮助人们调节情绪, 释放压力。西班牙政府还修建了哭泣室, 鼓励人们在感到有压力时哭泣并寻求帮助。
【答案解析】
1. D 主旨大意题。由第一段中的 experts agree that crying is actually good for you可知, 第一段告诉我们人在感到难过时, 哭泣是有好处的。
2. D 数字计算题。由第三段中的“What’s worse, one in ten Spanish teenagers is suffering from mental illness.”可知, 每10个西班牙青少年中就有一个患有精神疾病, 故可计算出100个西班牙青少年中有10个患有精神疾病。
3. C 代词指代题。结合上一句“On one of the walls there are some psychologists’ phone numbers.”和本句中的call可知, 此处是指访客可以给那些心理学家打电话, 故选C项。
4. A 推理判断题。结合倒数第二段中的“The government built the crying room to encourage people to cry and ask for help when they are under stress.”和 Pedro Sanchez说的话可推知, 政府修建哭泣室是为了帮助人们处理精神压力。
5. B 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“We must talk about it openly.”可知, 人们可以公开讨论精神疾病, 故B项是正确的表述。
(九)
This is Kilauea, one of the two active volcanoes in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The other one is called Mauna Loa. They help make the park the perfect place for visitors who have a burning desire to see an amazing geological phenomenon.
The park is located on the Island of Hawaii, about 154 km away from Kona. The nearest main airport is Honolulu International Airport and there is also an airport in Hilo and an airport in Kona. From Hilo, you can take Highway 11 southwest about 48 km to the park.
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park was built in 1916. Today millions of tourists arrive each year to visit Kilauea and Mauna Loa. After all, these are two of the most active volcanoes on earth. Visitors can watch the volcanic eruption from a safe lookout on a bluff (悬崖) which is about 121 meters above the Kilauea’s crater (火山口).
In addition to seeing Kilauea’s crater, visitors can walk across lava (熔岩) fields. They can see rain forests on parts of Kilauea’s slopes.
Volcanoes aren’t the only things that attract visitors to this park. In the park there are some animals such as Hawaiian geese, carnivorous caterpillars and a special kind of spider-its abdomen (腹部) looks like a smiley face. In fact, there are a lot of things to do in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park!
The climate in the park is amazing. It can be rainy and chilly at the top of Kilauea at any time of the year. The plain near the sea is often hot, dry and windy.
1. The underlined word “desire” in the passage means _________ in Chinese.
A. 职业 B. 气质 C. 愿望 D. 个性
2. How far is it from Hilo to the park
A. About 48 km. B. About 66 km. C. About 121 km. D. About 154 km.
3. How can visitors see the Kilauea’s crater in the park
A. In a small plane.
B. By taking Highway 11.
C. At the top of Mauna Loa.
D. From a safe lookout on a bluff.
4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. There are no green trees around Kilauea.
B. Three airports are mentioned in the passage.
C. It’s safe for us to walk across lava fields in the park.
D. We can see on the abdomen of the spider that lives in the park.
5. The last paragraph mainly tells us _________.
A. it’s very hot at the top of Kilauea
B. the park has different climate zones
C. visitors should give some food to the animals in the park
D. volcanoes in the park are the most active volcanoes on earth
【篇章导读】本文介绍了著名的夏威夷火山国家公园。Kilauea和Mauna Loa是公园里的两座活火山, 每年都吸引很多游客。文中还介绍了公园中独特的动植物以及令人惊奇的差异性气候。
【答案解析】
1. C 词义猜测题。结合上文内容和常识可知, Kilauea和Mauna Loa是两座活火山, 所以来旅游的游客肯定希望看到火山爆发, 故可猜测desire表示“愿望”。
2. A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“From Hilo, you can take Highway 11 southwest about 48 km to the park.”可知, Hilo距离公园大约48千米。
3. D 推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“Visitors can watch the volcanic eruption from a safe lookout on a bluff …”可知, 游客可以在位于Kilauea上方的安全观测点观看火山爆发, 故可推知在那里也能看到火山口。
4. A 细节理解题。由第四段中的“They can see rain forests on parts of Kilauea’s slopes.”可知, Kilauea的部分斜坡上有热带雨林, 故A项的表述不正确。
5. B 主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知, 该段主要介绍了夏威夷火山国家公园中存在不同的气候, 故选B项。
(十)
The Danes are among the happiest people in the world. Denmark is neither the richest country nor the biggest one. What makes its millions of people so happy
Denmark is famous for its health care and education. Besides, Danes’ lifestyle is also a reason why they are so happy.
Have you heard of the word “hygge” In English, the word means coziness (舒适). In fact, many things can bring people coziness, such as having a tasty meal with family, talking with friends in the sunshine on weekends, enjoying classical music or having a movie night. All these things can be called hygge, which is Danes’ everyday life.
Danes also have a healthy habit. They like riding bikes. In Denmark’s capital, Copenhagen, riding bikes often takes up about 50 percent of their time on the way to school or to work. Riding bikes is not only helpful in reducing pollution, but also good for people’s health. It is reported that just 30 minutes of riding bikes every day can add an average of one to two years to a person’s life expectancy (预期寿命).
Trust is also important to Danes. They even trust people they don’t know. In Aarhus, the second biggest city of Denmark, we can see people buy flowers when the owner isn’t there. People put money in an empty flowerpot (花盆). Trust helps make them happy.
“Danes are happy with what they have,” said Kaare Christensen, a university teacher.
1. Danes are happy because of the following EXCEPT _________.
A. their lifestyle
B. the large population
C. their education system
D. their health care system
2. Which of the following may NOT be called hygge
A. Watching movies at night.
B. Working hard in the sunshine.
C. Chatting with friends on weekends.
D. Having a big dinner with family members.
3. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph
A. Danes don’t have dreams.
B. Danes have to ride bikes 30 minutes a day.
C. Many Danes often ride bikes to school or to work.
D. Danes trust others because they want to live longer.
4. In what way does the writer tell us how Danes trust others
A. By giving examples.
B. By using lots of numbers.
C. By following the order of time.
D. By telling his own experiences. E
【篇章导读】丹麦人是世界上最幸福的人群之一。除了能享受完善的医疗服务和教育资源, 拥有健康舒适的生活方式也是丹麦人幸福的原因。
【答案解析】
1. B 细节理解题。由第二段“Denmark is famous for its health care and education. Besides, Danes’ lifestyle is also a reason why they are so happy.”可知, 丹麦人的幸福感来源于完善的医疗服务、教育资源及其生活方式。文中没有提到B项。
2. B 细节理解题。由第三段的前两句可知, hygge指的是能给人们带来舒适感的事情。再结合第三段的后两句可知, 本题选B项。
3. C 细节理解题。由第四段中的“… riding bikes often takes up about 50 percent of their time on the way to school or to work.”可知, 在丹麦, 很多人通常骑车去上学或者上班。
4. A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“In Aarhus, the second biggest city of Denmark, we can see people buy flowers when the owner isn’t there.”可推知, 作者通过讲述丹麦人买花的事例说明了丹麦人是如何信任他人的。
(十一)
The skyscrapers (摩天大楼), most of which have large glass windows, have led to a great need for window cleaners. Window cleaners can earn as much as $35 an hour through the job, but accidents sometimes happen. Luckily, the dangerous work may soon be done by Ozmo, an intelligent window-cleaning robot.
Ozmo, like human window cleaners, also uses brushes and its arms to clean the dirt on the glass windows. A 3D map of the building programmed into its system allows the robot to skillfully move up and down. Computer vision and touch sensors (传感器) enable it to move out of the way when a window opens suddenly.
Unlike human window cleaners, Ozmo does not require soap to clean the glass windows. It only uses pure water to do the job, so it is environmentally friendly.
While it takes three human window cleaners 480 hours to clean the windows of a 40-story building, Ozmo can finish the work in just 80 hours. Moreover, unlike other robots, Ozmo will not replace human window workers. It only makes them safer. They will control it on the ground.
Whether Ozmo, which is still being tested, can finish the work as well as human window cleaners remains to be seen. Past experiences of using robots to do the work were disappointing, because the robots didn’t have the same eyes as humans and they often missed the soot (烟灰) on the corners of windows.
1. The second paragraph mainly tells us _________.
A. why Ozmo does its job slowly
B. what makes Ozmo a popular robot
C. how Ozmo cleans glass windows smartly
D. why Ozmo is more interesting than human window cleaners
2. What does Ozmo use to clean the glass windows
A. Computers. B. Soap. C. Soot. D. Pure water.
3. To finish the task of cleaning the windows of a 40-story building, Ozmo needs _________ hours less than a human window cleaner.
A. 1360 B. 970 C. 520 D. 400
4. Which of the following about Ozmo is TRUE according to the passage
A. Ozmo will take the place of human window cleaners.
B. Ozmo can help human window cleaners do their work safely.
C. As an intelligent window-cleaning robot, Ozmo is successful.
D. Ozmo does harm to the environment while cleaning windows. E
【篇章导读】有时候我们会在摩天大楼外面看到正在擦玻璃窗的“蜘蛛人”。为摩天大楼擦玻璃窗是一项危险的工作, 不过很快就有机器人Ozmo来帮助人们了。 Ozmo的工作效率很高, 而且更重要的是, Ozmo不会像其他机器人一样代替人类工作。 Ozmo目前还在测试中, 希望它能早日投入使用。
【难句解读】 (最后一段第一句) Whether Ozmo, which is still being tested, can finish the work as well as human window cleaners remains to be seen. 目前仍处在测试中的Ozmo是否能像擦窗工人一样出色地完成工作还有待观察。本句是包含主语从句和定语从句的复合句。Whether Ozmo, which is still being tested, can finish the work as well as human window cleaners 是 whether 引导的主语从句。which is still being tested 是非限制性定语从句, 起到补充说明的作用。
【答案解析】
1. C 主旨大意题。通读第二段可知, 该段主要介绍了Ozmo是如何智能地擦玻璃窗的, 故选C项。
2. D 细节理解题。由第三段中的“It only uses pure water to do the job … ”可知, Ozmo擦玻璃窗只需要干净的水。
3. A 数字计算题。由第四段中的“While it takes three human window cleaners 480 hours to clean the windows of a 40-story building, Ozmo can finish the work in just 80 hours.”可知, 擦干净一幢40层大楼的玻璃窗需要三个擦窗工人工作480个小时, 因此如果只有一个擦窗工人则需要工作1440个小时, 而Ozmo只需要80个小时, 故可计算出Ozmo比一个工人少用1360个小时。
4. B 细节理解题。 由第四段中的“Moreover, unlike other robots, Ozmo will not replace human window workers。 It only makes them safer.”可知, Ozmo可以帮助擦窗工人更安 全地完成他们的工作, 故B项的表述正确。
(十二)
“What will you do if a person you don’t know wants to give you a ride ” I asked my children. “What if he says Mom is hurt, and you have to come to the hospital with him ”
I knew they pretended (假装) to listen to me, because I interrupted their TV time.
Here I also want to ask some parents, “Have you ever told your children how to protect themselves ” If you haven’t, I would like to give you four words to help you teach your children how to protect themselves.
No! If a stranger walks to the children, they should keep their distance from the stranger. If the stranger keeps walking to them in a terrible manner, they should run quickly and shout “No!” as loudly as possible.
Go! If the shout does not change the situation, they should run as quickly as possible to a safe place. It is helpful for children to know some safe places such as schools, restaurants and gas stations.
Yell! It means that the children should shout loudly. They can yell out, “Stranger!”
Call! Once they get to a safe place, they should call their parents, teachers or other persons they trust.
1. The writer’s children were _________ when she asked them questions.
A. playing games B. reading books C. watching TV D. having dinner
2. What should children say when an unfriendly stranger walks to them
A. No!
B. Hello!
C. Tell me your name.
D. Hi! Nice to meet you.
3. After children get to a safe place, what should they do next
A. Run as quickly as possible.
B. Call the persons they trust.
C. Shout “No!" as loudly as possible.
D. Keep their distance from all people.
4. The passage is mainly written for
A. parents B. patients C. teachers D. doctors
5. What’s the best title for the passage
A. How to Run to a Safe Place
B. How to Talk with a Stranger
C. How to Teach Children to Be Polite
D. How to Teach Children to Protect Themselves
【篇章导读】本文主要告诉家长如何教孩子们在遇见陌生人时保护自己。
【答案解析】
1. C 细节理解题。由第二段的内容可知, 当作者问孩子们问题的时候, 他们正在看电视。
2. A 细节理解题。由第四段中的“If the stranger … shout ‘No!’ as loudly as possible.”可知, 本题选A项。
3. B 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Once they get to a safe place, they should call their …”可知, 当孩子们到达安全的地方后, 他们要给他们信任的人打电话。
4. A 推理判断题。由第三段的内容可推知, 本文主要是写给家长的。
5. D 标题概括题。结合全文内容可知, 作者主要告诉家长如何教孩子们在遇见陌生人时保护自己, 故选D项。
(十三)
Everyone wants to get along with other people. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely. Getting along with other people doesn’t mean being their best friends or knowing all their hobbies. It means treating them with respect and care.
Before starting a conversation, it is important for us to listen first, especially when we are in a group. Don’t join the conversation as soon as we arrive. Pay attention to the situation and the conversation first, and then say something that we think fits the atmosphere. Therefore, we should figure out what the conversation is about before speaking.
Laughter lightens the atmosphere, while a frown creates tension. If someone teases us, try to laugh it off. If someone frowns, smile at him. Be mindful of our facial expression. If we look cheerful and optimistic, people will cheer up when they see us.
Some people do not take a hint (暗示). Some people do not understand body language. For these people, just saying what we want to say with a cheerful face and voice really works.
Being kind is its own reward. It can be as simple as bringing our classmates doughnuts (甜甜圈) or offering help to a man who is trying to carry heavy things. It will show that we care about them and will make them want to stay with us.
1. As social beings, we all want to _________.
① know other people’s hobbies
② get on well with other people
③ be different from our friends
④ be treated in a polite and friendly way
A. ①② B. ②④ C. ③④ D. ①③
2. According to the passage, how should we start a conversation in a group
A. We should be a good listener first.
B. We are supposed to keep silent all the time.
C. We’d better say something about the weather.
D. We can tell a joke first without examining the situation.
3. The underlined word “optimistic” means _________ in Chinese.
A. 悲观的 B. 沉默的 C. 乐观的 D. 多嘴的
4. To get along with the people who don’t take a hint we can _________.
A. smile at them
B. use our body language
C. bring them doughnuts
D. say what we want to say directly
5. The last paragraph is to advise us to _________.
A. have good manners
B. do small things for others
C. change other people
D. keep our sense of humor
【篇章导读】每个人都希望能和其他人友好相处。本文作者提出了几条有助于与人友好相处的建议。
【答案解析】
1. B 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Everyone wants to get along with other people. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely.”可知, 我们都希望能与其他人友好相处, 并且都喜欢被善待。
2. A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Before starting a conversation, it is important for us to listen first, especially when we are in a group.”可知, 当我们处在一个团队中时, 我们首先要当一个倾听者。
3. C 词义猜测题。上文中提到欢笑可以让气氛变轻松。再结合画线单词前面的cheerful和并列连词and可知, 画线单词应该也是含有积极意义的词, 故可猜测optimistic 意为“乐观的”。
4. D 细节理解题。由第四段中的“For these people, just saying what we want to say with a cheerful face and voice really works.”可知, 对于不明白暗示的人, 我们不妨直接说出自己想说的话。
5. B 主旨大意题。由最后一段中的“It can be as simple as bringing our classmates doughnuts or offering help to a man who is trying to carry heavy things.”可知, 作者建议我们为他人做些小事。
(十四)
We all want to protect our environment, but most of us may be too busy or too lazy to make big changes that will improve our lifestyles and save the environment.
Here are some simple tips for protecting our environment.
Use compact fluorescent light bulbs (节能灯泡). Maybe these bulbs are more expensive than ordinary ones, but they last longer and they can save energy, so in the long term your electricity bill will be reduced.
Donate. You may have lots of clothes or things you don’t need. If they are still usable (可用的) , give them to someone who needs them. You can also choose to donate them to charities.
Turn off devices. When you do not use a device, turn it off. For example, if you don’t watch TV, turn it off. Turn off the light when you leave the room. It’s an easy habit to keep and you can save electricity and money.
Walk or cycle. Driving cars is one of the biggest causes of pollution. If you want to drive your car, ask yourself the following question: Do I really need my car Walk or ride your bike if the journey is short.
1. What does the writer think of compact fluorescent light bulbs
A. They are too expensive for many families.
B. They can save energy, but they can’t last long.
C. They are cheap, but they are brighter than ordinary bulbs.
D. They are expensive, but in the long term using them is cheaper than using ordinary bulbs.
2. If we don’t like some of our clothes because of their styles, what should we do with them
A. Give them to someone who may need them.
B. Clean the floor with them.
C. Keep them in the closet.
D. Throw them away.
3. In the fifth paragraph, the writer wants to tell us _________.
A. to save electricity
B. not to destroy some devices
C. to take good care of our devices
D. that some devices can’t last long
4. In which part does the writer tell us to reduce pollution
A. Use compact fluorescent light bulbs.
B. Turn off devices.
C. Walk or cycle.
D. Donate.
5. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. We are too busy to protect the environment.
B. Four ways to protect the environment.
C. How to produce more pollution.
D. How to save money.
【篇章导读】本文介绍了保护环境的四个方法。
【答案解析】
1. D 细节理解题。结合第三段中的 more expensive、they last longer 和 your electricity bill will be reduced 可知, 节能灯泡很贵, 但长期使用节能灯泡要比使用普通灯泡便宜。
2. A细节理解题。由第四段中的give them to someone who needs them 可知, 我们应该把衣服送给需要的人。
3. A 细节理解题。由第五段最后一句中的 save electricity and money 可知, 作者呼吁我们要节约用电。
4. C 推理判断题。由最后一段的内容可推知, 本段主要告诉我们出行时尽量采取环保的方式来减少污染。
5. B 主旨大意题。本文介绍了保护环境的四个方法, 故选B项。保护环境的方法
(十五)
If someone asks you to choose a great living thing, mushrooms probably won’t be your first answer. However, scientists recently have discovered that mushrooms can do more than you think.
First of all, they can control the weather. Scientists have found that mushrooms have the unique (独特的) ability to create rain. This happens because of the way they release their spores (孢子). As water collects on the surface of a mushroom, it gets stuck in these spores. Later, when the spores are set free, they get together with dust in the air to create clouds and rain.
Another fascinating thing about mushrooms is just how many kinds of them there are. It’s believed that there may be more than five million different kinds of mushrooms. What’s more, scientists believe that they’ve only found 10% of them.
Lastly, mushrooms could have an influence on the environment. We all know that plants can take in CO2. However, when they die, CO2 goes back into the air again. Mushrooms, on the other hand, keep this kind of greenhouse gas underground, which helps keep the air and environment clean. It shows that no matter how small mushrooms are, they can do more than we can see.
1. According to the passage, what special ability do only mushrooms have
A. They can create rain.
B. They can collect dust.
C. They can give off CO2.
D. They can kill animals.
2. The underlined word release has the same meaning with _________.
A. get stuck B. set free C. get together D. take in
3. Which of the following about mushrooms is NOT true according to the passage
A. They release spores into the air.
B. They can keep CO2 underground.
C. They have an effect on the weather.
D. There are only a few kinds of mushrooms.
4. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage
A. All mushrooms can be safely eaten.
B. Mushrooms have a lot of interesting qualities (特点).
C. Only mushrooms have the ability to protect the environment.
D. Scientists do not plan to discover more about mushrooms.
5. What’s the best title for the passage
A. How to Grow the Best Crops
B. How Mushrooms Grow and Spread
C. Humans’ Plans to Control the Weather
D. Mushrooms: Nature’s Magic Box of Tricks
【篇章导读】在很多人的印象中, 蘑菇就是一种普通的蔬菜。其实, 蘑菇还有很多我们不了解的特点。最近, 科学家对蘑菇有了新的发现。让我们一起来了解一下吧!
【答案解析】
1. A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Scientists have found that mushrooms have the unique ability to create rain.”可知, 造雨是蘑菇独有的一种能力。
2. B 词义猜测题。画线单词所在句是指蘑菇的造雨能力与它们释放孢子的方式有关。再由下文中的“Later, when the spores are set free, they get together with dust in the air to create clouds and rain.”可知, 当孢子被释放出来, 它们就与空气中的灰尘结合成了云以及雨。由此可猜测, set free与release意思相近, 都意为“释放”。
3. D 细节理解题。由第三段中的“It’s believed that there may be more than five million different kinds of mushrooms.”可知, 据信蘑菇的种类可能超过五百万种, 故D项的表述不正确。
4. B 推理判断题。结合第二段中提到蘑菇能够造雨和第三段中的 Another fascinating thing 可推知, 蘑菇有很多有趣的特点。
5. D 标题概括题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了蘑菇几个有趣又不常为人所知的特点, 故D项为最佳标题。
1