牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 2 Natural disasters Extended reading 知识点课件(共44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
Unit 2 Natural disasters
(Extended Reading)
The Last Days of Pompeii
拓展词汇
1. _______ vi.& vt.(火山)爆发;突然发生→________ n.爆发,喷发;火山灰
2. ________ adj.无法忍受的→________ adj.能忍受的→___________ vt.忍受，容忍
3．________ n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→________ adj.遥远的；冷淡的；远亲的
4．________ adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；尖锐的；强烈的→________ v．(使)变得锋利；使尖锐
5．______ vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在
→________ n. 地点；位置
6.________ vi.&vt.退休,退职→_______ adj.退休的→___________ n. 退休
erupt
eruption
unbearable
bearable
bear
distance
distant
sharp
sharpen
locate
location
retire
retired
retirement
7.________ n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤→ __________ adj.令人震惊的→ ________ adj.震惊的
8. _________ vt.&vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓→ _________ adj. 害怕的→ __________ adj.恐怖的，吓人的
9. _______ n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→ ________ adj.强大的
10. ________ vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→ ___________ n.捐赠
11. ________ adj.好奇的；奇特的→ ___________ n.好奇心→ ___________ adv.好奇地
shock
shocking
shocked
scare
scared
scary
power
powerful
donate
donation
curious
curiosity
curiously
重 点 短 语
1 有才华的英国作家 L 1
2 在...留下印记，产生深远影响L1-2
3 经典小说 L 2
4 使...保持原来的样子 L 5
5 旅游胜地 L 6
6 酒馆、酒吧 L 8
7 …的缩影、模型 L 8
8 商船 L 9
a talented British writer
leave one's mark on
classic novel
keep sth. as it was
tourist destination
wine bar(s)
a model of
trading ships
9 和…一起 L 10
10 在光滑如镜的水中 L 10-11
11 向四面八方 L 11
12 首要的是 L 12
13 滚动离开，翻滚离开 L 15
14 难以言喻的恐惧 L 16
15 从…喷发而出 L 17
16 呈现…的形状、采取…的形式 L 17
along with
in the glassy water
in all directions
above all
roll away
unspeakable fear
shoot from
take the form of
17 一种苍白的、快要死的红色 L 19
18 爆发、突然开始 L 21
19 在那一刻 L 21-22
20 在远处 L 22
21 屋顶坍塌的巨响 L 23
22 一会儿之后 L 23
23 一阵灰烬 L 24-25
24 到处、各处 L 26
of a pale and dying red
break out
at that moment
in the distance
the crash of falling roofs
a moment later
a shower of ashes
far and wide
25 许多嘈杂的巨响 L 26
26 推挤对方 L 27
27 与…分离 L 28
28 安息之处、休息处 L 33
29 似乎,好像 L 34
many a noisy crash
push against the other
be separated from
resting place
as if
The Last Days of Pompeii (Excerpt)
Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803－1873) was a talented British writer who left his mark on the English language. His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii in the year 79, when Mount Vesuvius erupted. This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely, but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages. Since 1748, Pompeii has been systematically unearthed.Today it is an international tourist destination.
Such a traumatic experience was bound to leave its mark on the children.
No matter what your opinion is --- one thing is for sure. Harry Potter will always leave a mark on us.
这样的痛苦经历一定会长期对孩子们有影响。
无论你的看法如何，但有一件事是肯定的，哈里·波特在我们心中将永远留下深刻的烙印。
1 leave a / one's mark on
给......留下持久的（好或坏的）印象
1) The extinct volcano's ___________ (erupt) would mean a disaster for the city.
2) Finally their argument erupted __________ fierce fighting.
3) Violence __________ (erupt) in the city after the football match.
eruption
into
erupted
2 erupt into 突然变为或发展成（更坏的事）
Pompeii was a typical Roman city. In its little shops, its tiny palaces, its forum, its wine bars, its theatre
— in the energy and skill of its people, you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire. Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port.
庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市。从它的一个个小商铺、一座座小殿宇、广场、酒馆、剧场中——从庞贝人的活力和技艺中，你能看到整个古罗马帝国的缩影。进口货物到城内、出口货物到海外的商船，以及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。
Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port.
句子的主语
句子的谓语
trading ships
were crowded
bringing imports to the city
carrying exports overseas
这两个V-ing短语 充当什么句子成分？
3 当 along with连接前后两个主语时，谓语应该根据前面主语的人称和数来决定 (就远原则)。
此类短语还有but、except、in addition to 除了、besides另外、including、like像、with、as well as、as much as差不多、together with、rather than等。
prep.
All but one killed.
E-mail, as well as telephones, playing an important role in daily communication.
A woman with some children coming soon.
were
is
is
The country has to import most of its raw materials.
They don't like eating food imports.
vt.
n.
The factory imported some machines from Germany last year.
They imported coffee into China.
import sth. from sp. 从……进口
import sth. into sp. 进口……到……
ex- 出
港口
im- 进
export 出口
import 进口
拓 展
The goods on the truck will _________________ (出口到……) the US and Canada.
be exported to
4 import / export n. & vt.
The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions. Above all, the cloud capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come!
条条渔船向着四面八方疾行。在这一切的上方， 维苏威火山高耸入云的山顶若隐若现。火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！
5 might have done sth. 表示 ？
“ 过去本可以做，但实际并没有做”， 含有“轻微的责备或惋惜”之意。
She might have lost the opportunity
if her mother hadn't insisted on her going.
要不是妈妈坚持让她去，她可能就失去这个机会了。
I might have done it if I had wanted to.
假如我那时要做,我可能已经做了.
He gave me an hint of what was to come.
他给我暗示将要发生什么事。
He wept without tears as he realized what was to come.
他无泪地哭着，意识到接下来将发生什么。
6 be to do sth. 表示“注定”、“不可避免”“必然发生”
You are to answer for what you have done.
你必将为你所做的事承担后果。
She didn't think too much of her laziness. However, it was to be harmful to herself.
她对自己的懒惰没有想太多。然而，这必将给她带来不利。
The awful night rolled slowly away, and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII! The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano. It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire! This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment: now it was wildly bright, now of a pale and dying red, and now again it burnt with an unbearable light!
可怕的夜晚缓缓退去，晦暗的晨光开启了庞贝城的末日！人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！火焰翻腾着，颜色变幻不定，时而极明亮，时而又变得微弱，呈现熄灭之前的暗红，时而又烧起来，放出刺眼的强光！
roll away
The dawn breaks.
with unspeakable fear
shoot from
see a huge cloud shooting from...
shooting from短语作宾语补足语
7 take the form of
in forms of = in the form of
change in colour with every moment
颜色每时每刻在变化
滚动、滚开
破晓
带着难以言喻的恐惧
从...中喷出
呈现……的形状 v. 短语
以……的形式 prep 短语
wildly adv.
wildly bright
pale adj.
dying adj.
疯狂地；粗暴地，野蛮地
非常地亮
浅色的；暗淡的
临终的；垂死的
The clouds in the sky different animals. 天空中的云以不同动物的形式出现。
take the form of
Our next class will _____________________ (采取……的形
式) debate.
Help money will be welcome.
(以……的形式)
take the form of
in the form of
8 “the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire”
树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火。
该句以省略形式呈现，简短的句式强调了火山的形态，营造了一种火山爆发时紧张、扣人心弦的氛围。
原句相当于 ：
The trunk is in blackness, the branches are on fire.
The heat was getting unbearable.
un-前缀
① 可放在形容词前，表示“相反的，不……的”，如：
unacceptable 不能接受的
uncertain 不确定的，无把握的
unforgettable 难忘的
unusual 非同寻常的
untidy 不整洁的
unconscious 无知觉的，无意识的
9 unbearable adj. 难耐的，无法忍受的
③un-前缀放在动词前，可以表示“与原动作相反”如：
undress 脱衣 unmask 除去面具；使露出真相
undo 松开，解开
② un-前缀放在名词前，表示“不，非……”，如：
unrest 动乱，不安 unbalance 失去平衡，紊乱
unemployment 失业 uncertainty 无把握，不确定
The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. A moment later, the mountain cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river; at the same time, it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！Over the empty streets — over the forum — far and wide— with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea — fell that awful shower!
女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。 那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。过了片刻，山上的云团似乎正向他们滚滚而来，阴沉迅猛，如汹涌的江水；与此同时，云团中抛洒下阵雨似的火山灰和大块大块燃烧着的石头，可怕的熔岩雨砸下来了，落在空荡荡的街道上、广场上，到处都是，落在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响。
10 break out（战争、瘟疫、灾害等）突然开始；爆发
break into break in
break up
break down
break off
非法闯入
打碎，分散，解散
闯入；打断；插嘴
出故障，垮掉，失败
break through 取得突破
断开; 中断
用含break的短语填空。
1) We are sorry to arrive late, but the car ____________.
2) Her friends came to help her when the war ___________.
3) We had to ____________ the house as we had lost the key.
4) He ___________ the chocolate and gave each child a small piece.
5) They were arguing but ___________ when someone came into the room.
6) Does everyone know what to do if a fire _________
break down
broke out
break into
broke up
broke off
breaks out
11 feel the earth shaking beneath their feet;
shaking beneath their feet 在句中的成分？
12 beyond in the distance, they heard ...
beyond adv. 在（或向）较远处；在另一边
They crossed the mountains and headed for the valleys beyond.
他们翻过山，向（山）那边的山谷进发。
beyond prep.
在（或向）较远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出......之外
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond control 无法控制
beyond comparison 无与伦比
beyond description 无法描述
beyond expectation 出乎意料
1) After 25 years the town had changed ____________
(认不出来了).
2) Due to circumstances __________________ (我们无法控制), the performance had to be canceled.
3) Some shops keep open ______________ (到午夜之后).
4) The switch on the wall was _______________________
(在孩子够不着的地方)。
5) The beauty of the preserve is _________________(无法形容).
beyond recognition
beyond our control
beyond midnight
beyond the baby's reach
beyond description
13 distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的
in the distance
keep sb at a distance
keep one's distance from...
在远处
对…保持冷淡/疏远
与…保持一定距离
那只狗看上去很凶，所以我决定躲远点。
The dog looked dangerous, so I decided to _______________________ from it.
The dog looked dangerous, so I decided to _______________________.
keep my distance
keep me at a distance
I encountered many hikers who were headed to
a _________ camp-ground.
Is his a result of snobbery or shyness
他态度冷淡是因为他势利眼呢, 还是因为他腼腆
distance
distant
shower n. 淋浴；淋浴间；淋浴间一阵；送礼聚会
a shower of 一阵
Over the empty streets — over the forum — far and wide — with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea — fell that awful shower!
分析一下 此句话的句子结构
Over the empty streets fell that awful shower!
That awful shower fell over the empty streets!
14 表 方位的介词或副词 短语 置于句首，句子 完全倒装。
全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,
如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装
Here he comes. Away they went.
Para 4：Each turned to fly — each running, pressing, pushing against the other. If, in the darkness, wife was separated from husband, or parent from child, there was no hope of their meeting again. Each hurried blindly and fearfully on. So came the earthquake ...and so ended life in Pompeii.
所有人都赶忙飞奔——他们奔跑，拥挤， 你推我搡。 黑暗中，一旦妻离子散，就绝不可能重逢了。每个人都惊慌失措地盲目奔逃。这时，地震来了……庞贝城的生活就此终结。
15 Each turned to fly — each running, pressing, pushing against the other.
1.The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say.
2. Her glasses broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
3. An important lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.
4. They were making a snowman outside the house, hands red with cold.
5. Jogn was seated at the table, coat on, head down.
15独立主格结构
（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词成分构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
The weather , the rabbit will go out.
The rabbit is lying in bed, a carrot still in his hand.
The work , the rabbit went home.
(①permit; ②hold; ③finish)
permitting
finished
held
If the weather permits, the rabbit will go out.
The rabbit is lying in bed and a carrot is still held in his hand.
After the work was finished, the rabbit went home.
Because he was invited by the wolf, the rabbit decided to go to the party.
Invited by the wolf, the rabbit decided to go to the party.
Because the wolf invited him, the rabbit decided to go to the party.
the rabbit decided to go to the party.
The wolf inviting him,
... wife was separated from husband, or parent from child, ...
16 be separated from 与...分离
本句话 采用了省略结构，
还原：wife was separated from husband, or parent was separated from child.
17 So came the earthquake ... and so ended life in Pompeii.
地震来了……庞贝城的生活就此终结。
此句采用了 完全倒装“....也一样”。
Para 5: Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. In its forum, the half finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman's hand. Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii, the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short.
时间流过了近十七个世纪，庞贝城终于从它寂静的长眠之地被发掘出来。它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案，一点都没有褪色。 广场上，那些尚未完工的石柱看起来就像刚刚离开工匠之手。在大火和火山灰吞噬庞贝城的人们很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹幸存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。
Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday.
The half finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman's hand.
状语从句省略，
还原： as if they were painted yesterday
还原: as if they were just left by the workman's hand
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语与主句主语一致（或者从句主语是it），且从句谓语含有be动词时，为了简练，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
After taking the medicine, she felt much better.
While at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.
While he was a young boy, he was always ready to help others.
When she was walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
After she took the medicine
While I was at college
While a young boy
When walking along the river bank
省略 和 补全
She wouldn't solve the problem even if she were to take charge.
She looked anxious as though she was in trouble.
If it is well read, the book will give you much to think.
even if to take charge
as though in trouble
If well read
Nature is kind of a loving mother,
but also a butcher in cold blood.
---Victor Hugo
大自然是一位慈爱的母亲，也是一位冷酷无情的屠夫。