外研版2023年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 连词与从句

连词与从句
【连词】
用来连接词与词、短语与短语，以及句子与句子的词叫连词。连词属于虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词按其性质可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句和状语从句。
1.并列连词
并列连词是指用来连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词（如and,but,or,so等），可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系。常见并列连词（短语）用法如下：
关系 连词（短语） 意义 例句 说明
并列关系 and 和；又 She is kind and patient.她既友好又有耐心。 表并列，and前后的词意义相近，否定句中用or。
然后 He came in and took off his coat.他进来然后脱掉外套。 表示动作先后。
那么 Be careful，and you will make fewer mistakes.细心点，你就会少犯错误。 祈使句+and+陈述句（表结果）。
both...and... 两者都 Both Linda and Amy like reading.琳达和埃米都喜欢阅读。 连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
并列关系 neither...nor... 既不……也不…… Mr.Gao neither drinks nor smokes.高先生既不喝酒也不抽烟。 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”。
not only...but also... 不但……而且…… Not only he but also I am excited about the news.不但他而且我也对这个消息感到兴奋。
转折关系 but 但是 The man is poor，but he is happy.这个人很穷，但他很快乐。 不能与(al)though同时使用。
while 然而 I like red while she likes blue.我喜欢红色而她喜欢蓝色。 强调对比关系。
选择关系 or 或者 Who is taller,Sam or John 谁更高，萨姆还是约翰？ 表示选择。
否则；要不然 Study hard，or you’ll fail the exam.努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。 祈使句+or+陈述句（表结果）。
either...or... 或者……或者…… Either milk or coffee is OK.牛奶或咖啡都可以。 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”。
因果关系 so 因此；所以 He was ill,so he didn’t go to school.他生病了，因此没有去上学。 不能与because同时使用。
2.从属连词从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句（if,whether）和状语从句（如when,because,until等）。
常见从属连词用法见以下考点2宾语从句和考点3状语从句的讲解。【考点训练1】
1.The flight was delayed by the storm,_____ the passengers had to wait at the airport. （ ）
A.but B.or C.so D.for
2.There’s no ticket left for Lang Lang’s piano concert. ___you ___ your sister can go to it. （ ）
A.Both;and B.Not only;but also
C.Either;or D.Neither;nor
3.Lucy is very young,___ she can live on her own.
（ ）
A.and B.or C.so D.but
4.—I want to be a teacher when I grow up.
—Work hard, ___ your dream will come true. （ ）
A.or B.and
C.but D.if
5.—Tina,put your heart into study,___ you’ll fail the coming math exam.
—OK,I will. （ ）
and B.but C.or D.so
答案：C DDBC
【宾语从句】
在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其结构是：主句+引导词+从句。
学习时要掌握宾语从句的三要素：引导词、语序、时态
1.引导词
引导词 作用 例句
that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略。 He said （that） Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。
if/whether 意为“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略。 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。
what,which,who,whose,whom 连接代词,在从句中充当一定的成分（作主语、宾语、定语等）。 I don’t know what they are going to do.我不知道他们将要做什么。
when,where,why,how 连接副词,在从句中通常作状语。 Could you tell me where you are going 你能告诉我你要去哪儿吗？
2.语序
宾语从句要用陈述句语序：主语+谓语+其他。如：
Do you know where the nearest hotel is
你知道最近的旅馆在哪里吗？
时态
时态规律 例句
主句为一般现在时时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，根据实际情况使用相应的时态。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
主句为(一般)过去时时,宾语从句只能使用过去的某种时态。 Kate asked what Tom was doing then.凯特问汤姆那时正在做什么。
从句表示的是客观事实、真理等时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，用一般现在时。 Mr.Gao told us that light travels faster than sound.高老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
注意：在以Could you 开头的复合句中，could通常不表示过去时态，仅表示委婉语气，从句的时态要根据实际情况而定。如：
Could you tell me where Helen lives 你能告诉我海伦住在哪里吗？
Could you tell me where you went last weekend 你能告诉我上周末你去了哪里吗？
要点提醒：
宾语从句的简化
当主句的谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。此结构中的疑问词包括what,which,how,when,where等。如:Could you tell me how I can get to the station →Could you tell me how to get to the station
【考点训练2】
1.—Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening
—Some English songs，I guess. （ ）
A.what B.when
C.why D.how
2.Could you tell me ___ a moment ago （ ）
A.what were they talking about
B.what are they talking about
C.what they were talking about
D.what they are talking about
3.—Can you tell me ____
—Sure.He lives on Center Street. （ ）
A.where does he live
B.where he lives
C.why he lives there
D.what does he do
4.—Could you please tell me ____？
—Sorry,I’m new here. （ ）
A.where can I buy some juice
B.when does the supermarket close
C.how to get to the library
D.what time does the movie begin
答案：ACBC
状语从句
在复合句中用作状语的从句叫状语从句。根据其表达的意思可分为时间、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、地点、方式等类型。具体用法如下：
类型 引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when,while,as,before,after,since,not...until...,as soon as I was watching TV while my mom was cooking.我看电视的时候，我妈妈在做饭。
条件状语从句 if,as long as,unless We will go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨，我们就去野餐。
原因状语从句 because,as,since Since we have got ready for it,let’s set off.既然我们做好了准备，那就出发吧。
目的状语从句 so that,in order that He got up early so that he could catch his train.他为了赶上火车起得很早。
结果状语从句 so/such...that... It is such a heavy box that I can’t carry it.这个盒子如此重我搬不动它。
让步状语从句 though,although,even if/though,whatever,whenever... He often helps others though he is not rich.尽管他不富裕，但他经常帮助别人。
比较状语从句 than,as...as...,not as/so...as... He ran as fast as Jim.他跑得和吉姆一样快。
地点状语从句 where,wherever Bob would like to go wherever he likes.鲍勃想去他喜欢的任何地方。
方式状语从句 as,as if/though You speak as if you had really been there.你讲得好像你真的去过那儿一样。
要点提醒：
1.在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。如：
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。
【考点训练3】
1.—Does your mother have a hobby
—No，_____ you call going shopping a hobby. （ ）
A.unless B.because
C.although D.if
2.Life is like a mirror. ___ you smile at it,it will smile back. （ ）
A.Unless B.When
C.Until D.Though
3.______ he had failed many times,he didn’t give up and succeeded in the end. （ ）
A.Unless B.Although
C.If D.Since
4.There will be less pollution ____ more people use public transportation. （ ）
A.but B.though C.unless D.if
5.Mary had _____ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. （ ）
A.such B.so C.too D.very
答案：ABBDB
【定语从句】
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。定语从句须用关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that)和关系副词(when,where,why)来引导,它们位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系词常有三个作用：
①引导定语从句；
②代替先行词；
③在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。其用法如下：
1.关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 在从句中的成分 先行词 例句
that 主语、宾语、表语 人，物 The watch (that) my father bought was made in Shanghai.我爸爸买的那块表是上海制造的。
who 主语、宾语、表语 人 Do you know the teacher who wears glasses 你知道戴眼镜的那位老师吗？
whom 宾语 人 The boy (whom) my mother was talking to is my cousin.我妈妈正与之交谈的那个男孩是我的堂兄。
which 主语、宾语、表语 物 I like music (which) I can sing along with.我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。
whose 定语 人，物 The little girl whose hair is curly won the first prize.那个卷发小女孩赢得了第一名。
（1）关系代词that,which,who,whom在定语从句中作宾语时通常可以省略。
(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数要与先行词的数保持一致。如：
The girls who are dancing there are my friends.那边在跳舞的女孩们是我的朋友。
关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 在从句中的成分 先行词 例句
when 状语 时间 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the music club.我从不会忘记我加入音乐俱乐部的那天。
where 状语 地点 I went to the village where my father was born last week.我上周去了我爸爸出生的那个村庄。
why 状语 原因 He didn’t say the reason why he was late.他没有说他迟到的原因。
【考点训练4】
1.—Where is the camera ___ my father bought in Japan
—Oh,let me see.I put it in your suitcase. （ ）
A.when B.whose
C.that D.what
2.The teenagers like the musician ___ different kinds of music. （ ）
A.who play B.which plays
C.who plays D.that play
3.Keep Running is a very relaxing TV programme ____ is hot among the teenagers. （ ）
A.which B.what
C.who D.whose
4. According to a survey,people ___ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily. （ ）
A.which B.whom C.whose D.who
答案：CCAD
【中考示例】
1.(2017·广西北部湾)His mother doesn’t like to throw away old things ___ they are useless. ( )
A.but B.because
C.even if D.so that
2.(2017·广西北部湾)—Could you tell me ____
—Once a month. ( )
A.how often do you go to the supermarket
B.how often you go to the supermarket
C.how soon will you go to the supermarket
D.how soon you will go to the supermarket
B【解析】
1.考查连词的用法。句意：他的妈妈不喜欢扔掉旧东西，即使它们没有用了。A项意为“但是”，表转折；B项意为“因为”，表因果；C项意为“即使”，表让步；D项意为“以便”，表目的。由语境可知C项符合题意。
2.考查宾语从句。根据答语可知问句询问的是频率，要用how often提问，排除C、D项；宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A项。
【考题热身】
1.(2017·云南)You’ll get good grades ___ you work hard. （ ）
A.although B.so
C.if D.unless
2.(2017·云南)—Could you tell me _____
—The movie Fast and Furious(激情) 8. （ ）
A.where you saw the movie
B.which movie you like best
C.where did you see the movie
D.which movie do you like best
3.(2017·上海)The two companies decided to work together ___ they had common interest. （ ）
A.because B.unless
C.but D.or
4.(2017·德州)Many people like reading newspapers ____ they can learn what’s happening in the world.
（ ）
A.so that B.ever since
C.as soon as D.even though
5.(2017·天津)It’s not always safe to pay over the Internet，____ you should be careful. （ ）
A.so B.after
C.because D.as soon as
6.(2017·毕节)This is the best book ___ I have ever read.I like it very much. （ ）
A.which B.that
C.who D.when
7.(2017·黔东南)Could you tell us where ____ the day after tomorrow （ ）
A.you will go B.will you go
C.you have gone D.you went
8.(2017·重庆B卷)I like dancing,_____ I don’t have enough time to practice it. （ ）
A.or B.so
C.but D.because
9.(2017·泰安)—The light in Bill’s office is still on.I wonder _____.
—Maybe at midnight again. （ ）
A.if will he stop working
B.why he works so hard
C.how long will he work
D.when he will stop working
10.(2017·黔东南)I think the boy _____ is in white is his brother. （ ）
A.what B.which C.who D.whom
11.(2017·南充)—Excuse me.Could you please tell me _____
—Sure.Go along this street and turn left.It’s on your right. （ ）
A.when I can get to the bookstore
B.when can I get to the bookstore
C.how I can get to the bookstore
D.how can I get to the bookstore
12.(2017·泰安)I didn’t believe I could do it _____ I got to the top of Mount Tai. （ ）
A.unless B.until
C.after D.as
答案：CBAABACDCCB
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