外研版2023年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 数词

数词
【数词】
表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词两类，基数词表示数目的多少，序数词表示顺序。
基数词与序数词
基数词的构成
数字 基数词形式 示例
0~12 独立词 zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve
13~19 个位数+teen(13,15,18稍特殊) thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen
20~90(整十) 个位数+ty(20,30,40,50,80稍有变化) twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，sixty，seventy，eighty，ninety
21~99 (非整十)整十位数+“?”+个位数 twenty?one 21，fifty?five 55
101~999(非整百) 百位数与十位数或个位数之间用and连接。 five hundred and nine 509，two hundred and thirty?five 235
几百、几千等 在hundred,thousand等词前加基数词。 one hundred，two thousand
序数词的构成
数字 序数词变化规则 示例
1~3 特殊变化 first，second,third
4~19 对应的基数词+th(第5,8,9,12稍不同) fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth，ninth,tenth,eleventh,twelfth,thirteenth,fourteenth,fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth,eighteenth,nineteenth
20~90(整十) 将对应的基数词变ty为tie，再加-th twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth
21~99,101~999(整十、整百除外) 只将个位数变为序数词 twenty?first,thirty?fifth，one hundred and twenty?ninth
整百、整千等 在hundred，thousand等词词尾加-th two hundredth,one thousandth
注意：序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成。
如：first-1st sixth-6th
巧记口诀：
基变序，有规律，结尾加上?th;
一二三，特殊记，结尾字母t,d,d;
八去t，九去e，f来把ve替;
? ty将y变ie，后加?th别忘记；
要是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。
3.基数词与序数词的用法
(1)表示数量(用基数词)。如：I have six pencils.我有六支铅笔。
(2)表示时刻(用基数词)
表达法 示例
时在前,分在后 7:45 seven forty-five
分在前,时在后 在30分钟（含30分钟）以内时，用“分钟数+past+时数”表示 8:20 twenty past eight10:15 fifteen past ten12:30 half past twelve
超过30分钟时，用“分钟数+to+下一时数”表示 6:47 thirteen to seven9:56 four to ten11:40 twenty to twelve
几刻钟 二刻钟two quarters九点一刻a quarter past nine
(3)表示年龄(用基数词)
表达法 示例
①基数词(+years old)，基数词>1时，year用复数 He’s four（years old).他四岁了。
②基数词?year?old，常作定语，year用单数 She’s an eight?year?old girl.她是一个八岁的女孩。
③“at the age of+基数词”表示“在……岁时” at the age of ten在十岁时
④“in one’s+整十的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时” in his forties在他四十多岁时
表示编号
表达法 示例
①名词+基数词(首字母大写)②the+序数词+名词(首字母不大写) 第一课Lesson One=the first lesson第九页Page Nine=the ninth page九年级三班Class Three,Grade Nine207房间Room 207
(5)表示日期(年、月、日)、年代及世纪
年用基数词，日用序数词，读时前面加定冠词the。年份可整体读,也可以先读前两位数,再读后两位数。
内容 表达法 示例
月,日,年 月+the+序数词,年 1998年6月3日June the third，nineteen ninety?eight
日,月,年 the+序数词+of+月,年 2009年8月25 日the twenty?fifth of August，two thousand and nine
年代 “in the+年份的复数形式”表示“在几世纪几十年代” 在20年纪40年代 in the 1940s/1940’s/nineteen forties
世纪 “the+序数词+century”或“the+百位进数+’s” 在21世纪in the twenty?first/21st centuryin the 1900’s在20世纪
（6）表示分数、倍数
分数 分子用基数词,分母用序数词
分子为1时,分母用单数 分子>1时,分母加s
1/5 one fifth注意:1/2通常用a/one half 1/4通常用a/one quarter 2/3two thirds5/6 five sixths4/7 four sevenths
倍数 twice表示两倍,两倍以上用基数词+times表示，如：five times五倍
注意：
(1)序数词前面通常要加定冠词the，若序数词前有my，his等限定词修饰时，则不加the。如：My parents are in the second photo.我父母在第二张照片里。
(2)序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“又一；再一”。如：You’ve tried two times.Why not try a third time 你已经试了两次。为何不再试一次呢？
(3)“基数词+more+复数名词”表示“又；再”，通常可与“another+基数词+复数名词”的结构互换使用。如：Lucy gave me two more apples.
=Lucy gave me another two apples.
露西又给了我两个苹果。
【考点训练1】
1.Helen loves reading.She has read ____ (five) books this month.
2.Sunday is the ______ (one) day of a week.
3.Rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her _____________ (seventeen) birthday.
4.You’d better take this medicine ______ (two) a day.
5.Boys and girls，please turn to Page ___ and look at the ___ picture. （ ）
A.Sixth;six B.Six;six
C.Six;sixth D.Sixth;sixth
答案：five first seventeenth twice C
概数词
1.表示确切的数字（具体数字+概数词+复数名词）hundred，thousand，million等词与具体数字（如one，two）连用时，要用单数形式（其后不加s），一般不与of连用。如：
three hundred students三百名学生
2.表示不确切的数字（概数词加s+of+复数名词）hundred，thousand，million等词与of连用时，要用复数形式（其后加s），此时前面不能再加数字。如：thousands of people成千上万的人
【考点训练2】
1.There are about five ________ (thousand) students in our school.
2. _______（million) of people in the world are sending and receiving emails every day.
3.It is reported that people throw ___ plastic bags along this street every week. （ ）
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of
答案：thousand Millions D
【考题热身】
1.(2017·云南)The ____________________（thirteen) Games of China will be held in Tianjin from August 27 to September 8.
2.(2017·上海)My school is going to have an open day on the ______（ten) of next month.
3.(2017·盐城)Yancheng has the ________（two) largest population of more than 8 million in Jiangsu Province.
4.(2017·长春)Jim’s aunt bought him a new model ship on his ________（seven) birthday.
5.(2017·甘肃)The boy got the ______（one) place in the singing competition.
6.(2017·呼和浩特)—How old is your daughter
— _____ .We had a special party for her ___ birthday yesterday.（ ）
A.Nine;nine B.Nine;ninth
C.Ninth;ninth D.Ninth;nine
7.(2017·毕节)Two ____ students in our school are from the countryside. （ ）
A.hundred of B.hundreds of
C.hundred D.hundreds
8.(2017·潍坊)—“Food Safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently.
—Yeah,it receives ___ Internet hits a day. （ ）
A.thousands B.thousands of
C.thousand D.hundreds
9.(2017·甘肃)There are twelve boys and thirteen girls in Class Four,which means ___ students in total.
（ ）
A.33 B.25 C.13 D.12
10.(2017·达州)___ of the land in that town ___ covered with trees and grass. （ ）
A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are
C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are
答案：1.Thirteenth/thirteenth/13th 2.tenth 3.second 4.seventh 5.first 6.B 7.C8.B 9.B10.C
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