外研版2023年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 形容词与副词

形容词与副词
【形容词的用法】
形容词是描述人或事物的性质、特征或状态的词类，主要用来修饰名词或部分代词。
1.形容词的用法
功能 位置 例句
定语 名词前或不定代词后作定语 She is a beautiful girl.她是一个漂亮的女孩。I have something important to say.我有重要的事情要说。
表语 系动词后作表语 It’s very cold today.今天非常冷。
宾语补足语 keep,make,leave等动词的宾语后作宾语补足语 You must keep the classroom clean.你必须保持教室干净。
名词变形容词
名词 构成方法 意义 例词
表示天气的名词 -y 充满……的多……的 cloud-cloudysun-sunny
表示方位的名词 -ern ……方位的朝……方的 west-westernsouth-southern
表示称谓的名词 -Ly ……般的 friend-friendly
表示时间的名词 -ly 每……的 week-weeklyday-daily
表示物质的名词? -en/-y ……制成的……般的 wood-woodensand-sandy
表示情感的名词?? -ful ……的有……的 care-carefulbeauty-beautiful
-y ……的 luck-luckyhealth-healthy?
-less 不……的无……的 home-homelesshope-hopeless
表示大洲与国家的名词 -n ……的……人的 America-AmericanRussia-Russian
要点提醒：
如:
a nice large square old brown wooden table一张又大又漂亮的古老的棕色方木桌
2.?ed与?ing形容词（考点讲解详见P8考点3）
3.在英语中有些形容词通常只用作表语，不可作（前置）定语。这类形容词主要有：
①表示健康状况的形容词,如ill，well;
②以a开头的表状态的形容词，如：
afraid，asleep，awake等。
4.在构词法中，以ly结尾的词并不都是副词，也有形容词。常见的有：
friendly（友好的），lovely（可爱的），lively（生动的），daily（日常的）等。
enough既可作形容词，也可作副词。
【考点训练1】
1.The Bruce family had to give up camping on such a _______ (rain) day.
2.In _______ (west) countries,people usually go to church on weekends.
3.The little boy is so _________ (care) that he often leaves his homework at home.
4.Mountain climbing is a ___________ (danger) sport.
5.Keep all the windows ______ .It’s too hot in the room. （ ）
A.opened B.open C.closed D.close
6.Robert is so ____ that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends. （ ）
A.busy B.smart
C.serious D.pleased
答案：rainy western careless dangerous B A
【副词的用法】
副词是指在句中表示动作或状态特征的词，常用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子等，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
1.副词的分类
分类 定义 例词
时间副词 表示时间的副词 now，then，today，tomorrow，ago，lately，soon，recently，right now，before等
地点副词 表示地点的副词 here，there，home，in，out，inside，outside，down，up，upstairs，downstairs,above，back,over
方式副词 描绘动作发生方式的副词 carefully，easily，fast，happily，loudly，quickly，slowly，suddenly
程度副词 描绘行为、动作或状态的程度的副词 much，a little，very，enough，quite，rather，too，nearly，so，really
频度副词 描绘一定时间内动作发生次数的副词 usually，often，sometimes，never，always，hardly （ever），seldom
疑问副词（词组） 构成特殊疑问句 where，when，why，how，how long，how often，how far，how soon,how old，how much
连接副词 连接句子 however,therefore
引导宾语从句 how,when,where,why
关系副词 引导定语从句 where，when，why
句子副词 对句子进行说明，用逗号与主句隔开 fortunately,unfortunately，luckily，unluckily，first of all
2.副词的构成
副词一般由形容词变化而来，常见变化规则如下：
形容词 构成方法 例词
一般情况 -ly quick-quicklyslow-slowly
以y结尾的双音节词 变y为i再加-ly happy-happilyheavy-heavily
以y结尾的单音节词 -ly shy-shylydry-dryly
以e结尾 开音节词 -ly wide-widelypolite-politely
去e加-ly true-truly
元音字母+e结尾
以le结尾 去e加-y possible-possibly
特殊变化 good-well
注意：有些副词与形容词同形。如:fast，late，early，hard等。
副词的用法
功能 位置 例句
状语 修饰形容词、副词，常位于被修饰词的前面 Bill is very tall.比尔非常高。
修饰动词，一般位于被修饰动词之后 He jumps high.他跳得高。
位于句首，修饰整个句子 Luckily,he won the game.幸运的是，他赢得了比赛。
表语 位于系动词之后 Class is over.下课。
宾语补足语 位于动宾结构后 We found Li Hua out when we arrived.当我们到的时候，发现李华出去了。
后置定语 一般位于被修饰词之后 Life here is rich and interesting.这儿的生活富裕且有趣。
【考点训练2】
1.Lily dances as _______ (good) as you.
2.Mobile phones are _______ (wide) used in China.
3.The children enjoy the life in the country and live ________（happy） with their families.
4. __________ (lucky),the damage is not serious.
5.We will have to set off ____ to avoid the heavy traffic tomorrow morning. （ ）
A.early B.quietly C.slowly D.politely
6.We have to say goodbye,my dear friends! But I will _____ forget the days we spent together. （ ）
A.always B.often C.never D.usually
答案：well widely happily Luckily A C
【形容词、副词的比较等级】
形容词、副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分，通常as...as是原级的标志，than，much，a little等是比较级的标志，the，in，all，among，one of 等是最高级的标志。1.形容词、副词比较级、最高级的构成
(1)规则变化
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-er或-est slowfast slowerfaster slowestfastest
以不发音的字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r或-st largefinelate largerfinerlater largestfinestlatest
以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est bigfathotthin biggerfatterhotterthinner biggestfattesthottestthinnest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把y改为i，再加-er或-est easyhappyearly easierhappierearlier easiesthappiestearliest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most beautifulcarefully more beautifulmore carefully most beautifulmost carefully
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
farfarther（较远） further（进一步）farthest（最远） furthest（最大限度）
old older（年纪较大的）elder（较年长的） oldest（年纪最大的）eldest（最年长的）
2.形容词、副词原级的用法
结构 意义 例句
as+原级+as 与……一样 She is as tall as her mother.她和她的妈妈一样高。
not as/so+原级+as 不如…… The weather here is not as/so hot as that in Wuhan.这儿的天气不如武汉热。
形容词、副词比较级的用法
结构 意义 例句
比较级+than 两者比较，表示一方超过另一方，意为“比……” China is larger than Italy.中国比意大利大。
less+原级+than（此结构不用于单音节词） 两者比较，表示一方不及另一方，意为“不如……” He thinks English is less important than Chinese.他认为英语不如汉语重要。
比较级+and+比较级 越来越…… Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.我们的国家正变得越来越强大。
the+比较级，the+比较级 越……，越…… The more，the better.多多益善。
the+比较级+of the two+复数名词 两者中较……的一个 John is the cleverer of the two boys.约翰是两个男孩中较聪明的那一个。
Which/Who...+比较级,A or B 表示“两者比较，哪个(人)更……” Who runs faster,Tom or Jack 谁跑得更快，汤姆还是杰克？
形容词、副词最高级的用法
结构 意义 例句
the+最高级+范围 表示三者或三者以上人或物的比较，意为“最……” Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。
the+序数词+最高级+范围 第几最…… Mike is the second tallest boy in his class.迈克是他们班上第二高的男孩。
one of the+最高级+复数名词+范围 最……之一 Kobe is one of the best basketball players in the NBA.科比是NBA最好的篮球运动员之一。
Which/Who...+最高级，A，B or C... 表示“在三者或三者以上的人或物中，哪个(人)更……” Who is the tallest，Tom，Jack or Jim 谁最高，汤姆，杰克还是吉姆？
要点提醒：
1.修饰比较级常用的词和短语主要有much,a little,even,still,a lot,far,a bit,any等。如：
It is much colder than yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。My apple is a little bigger than yours.我的苹果比你的大一点。
注意：very,quite常用于修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。
2.副词最高级前的the可以省去。在运用最高级的句子中，句末常用of/in/among等短语来说明比较的范围。如：
Kate is the youngest in her class.凯特是她班上最年轻的。
Jenny sings （the) most beautifully of the three.珍妮是三人之中唱得最动听的。
3.倍数的表达方式
（1）A+be+倍数+as+原级+as+B如：
Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们的学校是他们的三倍大。
（2）A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B如：
The box is twice bigger than that one.这个箱子比那个大一倍。
A+be+倍数+the size(length/amount...)+of+B如：The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球的体积是月球的49倍。
4.用比较级时要避免与自身进行比较，若比较的对象属于同一范围，要用以下句型表示“比其他任何……都……”。
any other+单数名词
all the other+复数名词
anyone/anything else
Lin Tao is taller than any other student in his class.林涛比他班上其他任何学生都高。
Lucy is taller than all the other girls in her class.露西比她班上所有其他的女孩都高。
Jack studies harder than anyone else in his class.杰克比班上其他的学生学习都刻苦。
注意：以上句型实际上用比较级形式表达了最高级的含义。如：
Lin Tao is taller than any other student in his class.(＝Lin Tao is the tallest student in his class.)林涛比他班上其他任何学生都高。(=林涛是他班上最高的学生。)
【考点训练3】
1.The tea trade helped to spread the tea plant to _____（many） places around the world.
2.John speaks English as ____ as Mike.They are both good at English. （ ）
A.good B.well
C.better D.best
3.—We should go to school by bus instead of by car.
—Yeah,___ cars we use,___ pollution there will be.
（ ）
A.fewer;less B.less;fewer
C.the less;the fewer D.the fewer;the less
4.Soccer is one of ____ sports in the world. （ ）
A.more popular B.the more popular
C.most popular D.the most popular
5.Qomolangma is ___ than any other mountain.I hope to climb it one day. （ ）
A.high B.higher
C.highest D.the highest
6.The box was ___ than I had expected.I was out of breath when I got home. （ ）
A.more heavier B.much heavier
C.little heavier D.very heavier
答案：more B D D B B
【中考示例】
(2017·广西)She closed the door _____ in order not to make her grandpa awake. ( )
A.angrily B.loudly
C.clearly D.quietly
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了不吵醒爷爷，她轻轻地关上了门。A项意为“愤怒地；生气地”；B项意为“大声地”；C项意为“清楚地”；D项意为“轻声地”。由语境可知D项符合题意。
【考题热身】
1.(2017·云南)It’s noisy outside.I can’t hear you ______（clear).
2.(2017·云南)All the people in the world wish to enjoy a beautiful and _______（peace) life.
3.(2017·甘肃)He was driving as _____（fast) as possible.
4.(2017·长春)In the school hallways,the students are supposed to speak and act ______（quiet).
5.(2017·鄂州)—Tom has invented a tree?planting machine.
—I think no one is ______________（create) than him.He’s a boy full of strange ideas.
6.(2017·云南)There are ___ sharing bikes in many cities.So there will be ___ pollution. （ ）
A.less and less;more and more
B.less and less;fewer and fewer
C.more and more;less and less
D.fewer and fewer;less and less
7.(2017·安徽)My deskmate is really ___ .She likes to attend different activities after school. （ ）
A.active B.quiet C.lazy D.honest
8.(2017·苏州)Millie,now go to have a nice bath and an early night,so that you will be ___ for the journey tomorrow. （ ）
A.safe B.patient C.fresh D.natural
9.(2017·呼和浩特)The pizza looks ___.It is my favourite. （ ）
A.lovely B.sweetly
C.softly D.healthily
10.(2017·江西)Sleeping is a good thing,but some people sleep ____ . （ ）
A.easily B.badly
C.quickly D.well
11.(2017·重庆B卷)Peter is ___ boy in our class and he often helps us carry heavy things. （ ）
A.strong B.stronger
C.strongest D.the strongest
12.(2017·上海)Nowadays people wish to have ___ food than before as their life improves. （ ）
A.healthy B.healthier
C.healthiest D.the healthiest
13.(2017·盐城)I felt much ____ after I told the problems to my close friend. （ ）
A.good B.well C.better D.best
14.(2017·宿迁)Daniel is ____ his twin brother.They are both 1.75 metres tall. （ ）
A.taller than B.shorter than
C.as tall as D.so tall as
15.(2017·德州)I’ve read through this book several times，but I will read it ____ so as to get better understanding. （ ）
A.more bravely B.less easily
C.less confidently D.more carefully
答案：clearly peaceful fast quietly more creative C A C A B D BCCD
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