外研版2023年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 主谓一致

主谓一致
【主谓一致】
语法一致原则语法一致是指句子的主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致。即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数形式。
使用情况 例句
当单数可数名词、单数代词、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式;当复数可数名词、复数代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 A girl is singing on the stage.一个女孩正在舞台上唱歌。They have been there twice.他们去过那儿两次了。
当单个不定式(短语)/动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is a good way of learning.阅读是一种好的学习方式。
当and或both...and...连接并列主语表示两个或两个以上的人或物时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both her father and her mother are teachers.她的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
当不定代词either,neither,one,much,everything,somebody,anything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.每个人都为运动会做好了准备。
当each,each...(and each...),every...(and every...)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。
当“one of+名词/代词复数”(表示“……之一”)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 One of these books is written by my uncle.这些书中有一本是我叔叔写的。
当主语后接有with,along/together with,as well as,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时，谓语动词的形式由主语的单复数形式决定。 Diana,together with her friends,are flying kites in the park.戴安娜和她的朋友们正在公园里放风筝。
当“a number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；当“the number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of girls are playing tennis there.很多女孩在那儿打网球。The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 50.我们学校男教师的人数超过了50。
当“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of/the rest of+名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是复数可数名词，谓语动词则用复数形式。 Lots of boys in our school are fond of playing football.我们学校很多男孩喜欢踢足球。Two thirds of the work has been finished.三分之二的工作已经做完了。
注意：由and连接的并列主语如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。如：The writer and professor is very popular in our school.这位作家兼教授在我们学校很受欢迎。
【考点训练1】
1.The book ___________ (describe) how tea plants ______ (was) grown and used to make tea.
2.One of the world’s most dangerous sports _____ (be) mountain climbing.
3.Jim together with his parents ____ (be) going to travel next week.
4.Both Tom and Peter ______ (like) playing ping-pong.
5.If a shark doesn’t have a fin,it can no longer swim and slowly ______ (die).
6.The mayor(市长) as well as volunteer workers ____ the newly-built stadium. （ ）
A.were cleaning B.are cleaning
C.is cleaning D.have cleaned
7.About 60 percent of the students ___ from the south;the rest of them ___ from the north and foreign countries. （ ）
A.are;is B.is;is
C.is;are D.are;are
答案：describes were is is like dies C D
意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语表达的概念。
使用情况 例句
表示时间、距离、金钱、价格、重量、长度等的复合名词作主语时，通常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten years is a long time.十年是一段很长的时间。
集体名词(family,team,crowd,class,group等）如果表示集体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。 My family all like watching sports on TV.我的家人都喜欢在电视上观看体育节目。
politics，physics，works，the United States，news,maths 等词作主语时,虽以?s结尾,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。 Maths is difficult to learn.数学很难学。
形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数的名词，如people,police,cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are looking for the two missing children.警察正在寻找那两个失踪的孩子。
“the+形容词”作主语时，表示某一类人，谓语动词常用复数形式。 The old in our town are taken good care of.我们镇上的老人被照顾得很好。
trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,shorts等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；如果前面有a pair of，two pairs of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与pair保持一致。 That pair of jeans is too expensive.那条牛仔裤太贵了。
“the+姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 The Smiths are in Beijing now.史密斯一家现在在北京。
【考点训练2】
用is,are填空。
1.Twenty dollars ____ enough to buy that T-shirt.
2.Look! The police ____ carrying the food onto the bank of the river.
3.Maths ____ the language of science.
4.This pair of glasses _____ mine.
5.The injured in the tsunami（海啸）_____ good care of by some medical teams. （ ）
A.is taken
B.are being taken
C.are taking
D.is being taken
答案：is are is is B
就近一致原则
有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致,而是与最靠近它的名词或代词一致,这种原则叫“就近一致”原则。
使用情况 例句
在There be句型中,be动词须与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。 There is a book and two notebooks on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两本笔记本。There are two notebooks and a book on the desk.桌子上有两本笔记本和一本书。
由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but (also)...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the song.不仅是学生，就连老师也喜欢听这首歌。Neither you or he is wrong.你没错，他也没错。
【考点训练3】
1.Either you or I ___ going to the teachers’ office after class. （ ）
A.am B.is C.are D.will
2.There ____ a table and some chairs in the dining room. （ ）
A.are B.am C.is D.were
答案：A C
【考题热身】
1.(2017·黔东南)There _____ a book and four pens on the desk. （ ）
A.has B.is
C.are D.have
2.(2017·贵阳改编)We all know that one of the world’s most popular sports ____ football. （ ）
A.Am B.is C.are D.be
3.(2017·长沙改编)Not only my parents but also my sister _____ crazy about the TV play In the Name of People. （ ）
A.is B.are
C.am D.have been
4.(2017·呼和浩特)Mary ___ is my friend,as well as her sisters, ____ Chinese in China. （ ）
A.that;are studying B.which;have studied
C.who;study D.who;studies
5.(2017·宿迁)—Mum,____ of my classmates ____ glasses.
—Oh,my God.You need to protect your eyes well.
（ ）
A.three-fourths;wears
B.three-fourth;wear
C.three-fourth;wears
D.three-fourths;wear
6.(2017·南京)Look! There ____ a photo of our English teacher in today’s newspaper! （ ）
A.is B.are
C.have D.has
答案：BBADDA
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