外研版2023年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 非谓语动词

非谓语动词
【非谓语动词】
非谓语动词是指在句中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分的动词形式，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等，在句中起名词、形容词、副词的作用。非谓语动词包含三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
【动词不定式】
1.动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。（要注意省略to的动词不定式）
2.动词不定式的用法
句法 功能说明 例句
作主语 常用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后置的不定式。常用句型:It is+adj.+(of/for sb.)to do sth. To swim here is very dangerous.=It is very dangerous to swim here.在这儿游泳很危险。
作表语 常位于be动词之后。 My job is to clean classrooms.我的工作就是打扫教室。
作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语。 I decide to go on a trip to Beijing.我决定去北京旅游。
作宾语补足语 在使役动词make,let和感官动词hear,see,watch等后，省略不定式符号to。 My mother allows me to watch TV for a while every night.我妈妈允许我每晚看一会儿电视。
作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面，作后置定语。 Do you have anything to do 你有要做的事吗？
作状语 一般在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 We get up early every morning to catch the early bus.我们每天早上早起是为了赶上早班车。
与疑问词(what,how,who,which,when...）构成不定式短语 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。 I really don’t know what to do next.我真的不知道下一步该怎么办。
巧记口诀：
常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词
决定学会有希望（decide,learn,wish,hope，expect）,
同意计划莫假装（agree，plan,pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败（dare，refuse，fail)，
准备设法来帮忙（prepare,manage,help),
提供请求负担起（offer，beg，afford)，
答应安排理应当(promise,arrange，be supposed)，
以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。
【考点训练1】
1.She volunteers there once a week ______ (help) kids learn _________ (read).
2.If a Swiss(瑞士人) invites you _________ (meet) him or her at noon，then you’re expected ______ (be) there at noon.
3.My brother always refuses _____ (let) me _____
(watch) my favorite TV show.
4.Lily plans ____ The Amazing Race(《极速前进》) tonight. （ ）
A.watch B.watches C.to watch D.watching
5.Our teacher tells us ____ in the street because it’s too dangerous. （ ）
A.not play soccer B.not to play soccer
C.to not play soccer D.not playing soccer
答案：to help to read to meet to be to let watch C B
【动名词】
1.动名词由动词的-ing形式构成，其否定形式为：not+doing。
2.动名词的用法
句法功能 说明 例句
作主语 单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 Playing games too much is bad for your study.游戏玩得太多不利于你的学习。
作 宾 语 动词宾语 表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性的动作。 I like watching TV very much.我很喜欢看电视。
介词宾语 要注意to在短语中作介词的情况。 I am looking forward to meeting her.我盼望着和她见面。
作表语 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换为作主语。 Your task is cleaning the windows.= Cleaning the windows is your task.你的任务就是擦窗户。
作定语 只表明所修饰词的用途等，位于所修饰词之前。 I bought a new washing machine last month.我上个月买了一台新洗衣机。
巧记口诀：
常见的只跟动名词作宾语的动词（短语）
喜欢不断提建议(enjoy,keep,suggest),
盼望习惯却完毕(look forward to,be used to,finish),
想要花费去练习(feel like,spend,practice),
忍俊不禁还介意(can’t help,mind),
避免放弃不拖延(avoid,give up,put off),
忙于考虑很值得(be busy,consider,be worth),
以上后跟动名词，一定要注意(pay attention to)。
要点提醒:
有些动词（短语）后既可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意义有很大不同。如：
stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）
remember doing sth.记得做过某事（动作已发生）
forget to do sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（动作已发生）
try to do sth.努力去做某事
try doing sth.试着去做某事
go on to do sth.做完一件事,接着去做另外一件事
go on doing sth.继续不停地做某事
mean to do sth.打算、想做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
need to do sth.需要去做某事（主动意义）
need doing sth.需要……(被动意义)
【考点训练2】
1.The man only thought about _______ (save) a life when he jumped into the river.
2.Linda has finished __________ (read) the novel.
3.I was boiling _________ (drink) water when my mother came back last night.
4. _______ (do) eye exercises is good for our eyes.
5.—Jane’s spoken English is pretty good.
— Yeah，she works hard and practices ______ it both in and out of class. （ ）
A.spoke B.speaks
C.speaking D.to speak
答案：saving reading drinking Doing C
分词
1.分词有现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（通常是?ed形式）两种。既可构成时态、被动语态，又常作宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分。
2.分词的用法
句法功能 说明 例句
作定语 单个分词作定语常位于所修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语常位于所修饰词的后面。现在分词表示主动、进行意义，过去分词表示被动、完成意义。 He rushed into the burning house.他冲进着火的房子。He is a man loved by all.他是一个受大家爱戴的人。
作状语 现在分词作伴随状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 She sat down,listening to their talk.她坐下来，听他们的谈话。
作表语 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征等；过去分词表示某种状态。 The story is very interesting.那个故事非常有趣。I’m interested in that book.我对那本书感兴趣。
作宾语补足语 宾语与补足语为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词；反之，为被动关系或动作已完成用过去分词。 I heard a little boy crying in the small house.我听见有个小男孩正在小房子里哭泣。
【考点训练3】
1.Snakes don’t have ears but can feel things __________ (move).
2.It is said that a Chinese ruler _______ (call) Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
3.The boy _______（stand) by the door is my brother.
4.Advertising is a highly _________ （develop) industry.
5.If you want to make yourself ____________
（understand)，you’d better speak clearly and slowly.
I think it’s impolite to keep others __________ (wait)
答案：moving called standing developed understood waiting
【考题热身】
1.(2017·长春)I enjoy _________（read) Chinese ancient poems aloud to better understand them.
2.(2017·甘肃)The girl expected all her classmates
_________（come) to her party.
3.(2017·十堰)He made the decision without
___________（think) twice.
4.(2017·鄂州)The doctor did what he could
________（save) the patient’s life.
5.(2017·宿迁)The boy has promised _____________（not play) computer games again.
6.(2017·毕节)My parents always ask me ____ more vegetables and fruit. （ ）
A.eat B.eating C.to eat D.eats
7.(2017·鄂州)—Jack hasn’t taken his piano lessons for a long time.
—He is considering ___ his piano course and spending more time on his study. （ ）
A.to drop B.to throw
C.dropping D.throwing
8.(2017·哈尔滨改编)My favorite program is Readers.I think we should spend as much time as we can ____ in our spare time. （ ）
A.read B.to read
C.reading D.to reading
9.(2017·兰州)A nurse Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother ____ away. （ ）
A.naming;is B.naming;will be
C.named;is D.named;will be
10.(2017·甘肃)I look forward ___ you soon. （ ）
A.see B.seeing
C.to see D.to seeing
11.(2017·临沂)Doctors in the town are using the books _____ their studies and treat patients. （ ）
A.continue B.to continue
C.continuing D.continues
12.(2017·阜康、米泉)Dick ___ in America,but he has been Chinese food since he moved to China. （ ）
A.used to live;used to eating
B.is used to live;used to eat
C.is used to live;used to eating
D.used to living;used to eat
13.(2017·河南)Whenever we kids come over，Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ___ sure we don’t break anything. （ ）
A.make B.made C.to make D.making
14.(2017·上海)The workers are busy ___ windows to the new building these days. （ ）
A.fix B.fixed C.fixing D.to fix
15.(2017·苏州)—Jack，why have you decided _______ Chinese folk music as a course. （ ）
—To learn more about Chinese culture.
A.take B.taken C.taking D.to take
答案：reading to come thinking to save not to play C C C C D B A C C D
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