高考英语从隐性提示上掌握七选五的快捷解题技法课件(共37张PPT)
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| 名称 | 高考英语从隐性提示上掌握七选五的快捷解题技法课件(共37张PPT) |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 314.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-28 10:04:49 | ||
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(共37张PPT)
第三讲 快解“利箭”——从隐性提示上掌握七选五的快捷解题技法
快捷技法(一) 据“分析句子结构”巧解
策略1 根据其他段落小标题的句式类型解题
如果题目设在段落标题处，考生可以通过其他段落小标题的句式类型来缩小选择范围。如果其他段落的小标题是祈使句，本段标题也应该是祈使句；如果其他段落的小标题是名词短语，本段标题也应该是名词短语。缩小选择范围之后，再依据段落内容来锁定答案。
[典例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ节选)
__37__
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
…
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
[解题思路] 本题考查对段落小标题的选择。首先根据下文的另一个小标题“Recall your childhood memories”，可以将选择范围缩小到A项和B项之间，再根据段落中的“there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知，该段主要是分析从事园艺的原因，故选A。
策略2 根据其他段首主旨句句式类型解题
在很多“总—分”结构的文章中，每个段落都有主旨句，这些主旨句往往句式相同。因此，如果设题处在段首，并且是本段的主旨句，那么可根据其他段落首句的结构并结合下文内容来确定答案。
[典例] (2021·全国甲卷节选)
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had.It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
Invite 5－10 people so you have a nice selection. Less people than that, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
·__38__.They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room ...
·Set a starting time.Maybe you say “go”， or turn on a certain song, or whatever ...
B．Hold a clothing swap
D．Just keep music playing throughout
E．Donate whatever clothes are left over
F．Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G．Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
[解题思路] 本题考查主旨句。由于每段前都有实心圆点，因此可以初步判断每段的首句都是主旨句，并且都是祈使句，故38题的选择范围锁定在B、D、E、F、G项；再根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their ‘new’ clothes home.”可知，他们还应该准备大量的环保袋，把他们的“新”衣服带回家，G选项“告诉每个人带上完好且干净的衣服”可以概括这一段的内容，且G项中的“clean clothes”对应下文的“‘new’ clothes”，“bring”对应下文中的“carry”，下文中的“They”指代G项中的“everyone”。
策略3 根据语意和设空所在句子的残余部分的结构特征解题
近几年，高考命题的设空方式出现了一些新变化，打破了设空处是一个完整句子的命题窠臼，增添了对复合句中主、从句和并列分句的考查，所挖空的部分只是复合句的一部分，剩余的部分留在文中。针对这一类题目，可根据上下文的语意和设空所在句子的残余部分的结构特征来确定答案。
[典例] (2020·全国卷Ⅱ节选)
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. __37__， encouraging better and more frequent communication.
A．Messages with emojis feel more conversational
F．Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
[解题思路] 本题要求考生根据后面的逗号以及作结果状语的现在分词短语来补全句子的主干部分。空前说明了“书面交流常常被解读为冰冷枯燥，使用表情符号能增加幽默感和感情，从而保持意图清晰”，空处也应是说明与书面交流相比，使用表情符号的好处；再由作结果状语的“encouraging better and more frequent communication”中的两个并列的比较级“better and more frequent”可以推断，句子主干部分含有比较级，A选项“Messages with emojis feel more conversational”含有比较级，且符合文意。
快捷技法(二) 据“标点符号分析句间关系”快解
空后常见标点符号及思维趋向
空后是逗号 空后是句号 空后是破折号 空后是问号
此处要么填入复合句中的主句或从句，要么填入名词短语、介词短语或非谓语动词短语。 要依据段落主题和上下文逻辑关系来解题。 破折号后面的内容对设空处的内容进行解释和说明。 此处应填入问句，这时可由下文的答语推知问句的内容。
类型1 空后是逗号
1．当设空处后面是逗号，且后面的句子是由从属连词引导的状语从句时，则设空处为主句。
[典例] (2021·全国乙卷节选)
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it's not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
__36__， if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
B．The first step is to go exploring
D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
[解题思路] 根据空后的句子“if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time”是由if引导的条件状语从句可知，此空应该填入一个主句；再由下文“be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知，本段告诉读者在晚宴上要勇于尝试，故B项“第一步是去探索”符合语境。
2．当设空处后面是逗号，且后面的句子没有连词引导，则设空处多为状语从句。
[典例] (2021·全国乙卷节选)
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living？”， you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to. __37__， it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
C．If you ask the question “How did you get here？”
E．Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
[解题思路] 根据空后的标点符号和标点符号后的句子可推知，此空应该填入一个从句；再根据“‘I have this old, broken-down vehicle’ or ‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.’”可知，空处内容与交通方式有关。故C选项符合语境。
类型2 空后是句号
当设空处后面是句号时，考生要根据段落主题和前后句之间的逻辑关系来解题。
[典例] (2021·全国乙卷节选)
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). __40__. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
[解题思路] 本段第一句为段落主题句，意为“如何应对另一个宴会杀手：尴尬的沉默？”，下文给出方法，应对宴会杀手——尴尬的沉默的唯一方法就是赞扬主人，故G项“他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人”符合语境，与前面的句子构成前果后因的关系。
类型3 空后是破折号
当设空处后面是破折号时，考生要根据破折号后面的内容来确定答案，因为它是对前面内容的解释和说明。
[典例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ节选)
Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important.__39__ — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
C．It's our experience of the garden that matters
D．It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
[解题思路] 根据空前的“but that's not what's important”可知，空处应讲什么重要；再根据破折号后面的内容“how being in those gardens made us feel”可知，空处内容应该是对“我们”的关于花园的体验的解释，故C项“我们的关于花园的体验很重要”符合语境。
类型4 空后是问号
当设空处后面是问号时，考生要根据后面对这个问题的回答来确定设空处问的是什么。
[典例] (2021·全国乙卷节选)
__38__？ If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say.
A．How do you know the host
F．What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking
[解题思路] 根据空后的标点符号可知，此空应该填入一个问句，选项中只有A和F是问句；再根据空后“If you can't take their wine away”中的“wine”可知，F选项中的“has had too much to drink”与之属于同一范畴的表达，因此F项“对于喝多了或者不停说话的人该怎么办”符合语境。
快捷技法(三) 据“上下检索复现词汇”准解
类型1 原词复现法
掌握特点 一个单词在一个语意场中以同样的形式反复出现，有时兼有词形的变化。如：上文中的“says”与下文中的“said”可以看成是原词复现
技巧运用 ①寻找空格前后句中的相同关键词；②根据语言习惯，第一句的宾语往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同、重叠的词语
[典例] (2022·全国甲卷节选)
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.__38__， instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
[解题思路] 根据本段小标题和上下文内容可知，空处应是以某个国家为例，介绍使用手或餐具来就餐的某条重要规则；再根据下文中的“instead”可知，空处内容应与后半句内容形成对比。根据后半句“(他们)反而更喜欢用他们的手”并分析选项可知，C项“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”符合语境。选项C中的“utensils”与空处前文中的“utensil”为原词复现。
类型2 代词复现法
it可指代单数名词、不可数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this 指代单数名词或句子；these或those指代复数名词。还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。
掌握特点 为了避免与上文捉到的名词重复，常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件
技巧运用 ①注意空格前后出现的代词，并确定其意义；②结合指代意义和单复数解题
[典例] (2022·全国甲卷节选)
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.__37__.
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
[解题思路] 根据本段小标题和上文内容可知，空处也应是关于使用筷子的规则。F项“当你使用它们时，切勿将它们直立于你的食物中或把它们交叉(放置)”符合语境，选项中的“them”指代“chopsticks”，与小标题和前文内容相呼应。
类型3 派生复现法
掌握特点 派生词是由词根加词缀构成的词
技巧运用 在句中寻找这类词的复现
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ节选)
__40__ While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
[解题思路] 由下文阳光也能带来有益的维生素D可知，空处应是呼吸新鲜空气的另一个好处。下文中的“beneficial”与D项中的“benefit”属于同根词，属于派生词重复信息。故选D项
类型4 同义复现法
掌握特点 指上下文中意义相同或相近的词、词组或同义句子。如：room与space
技巧运用 在句中寻找同义词的复现
[典例] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷节选)
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.__38___French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
[解题思路] 根据空前一句和下文的描述可知，空处承上启下，应说明法国人吃得少的原因，G项符合语境。G项中的“delicious”与空前的“great”为同义词复现关系，而且空后又具体例证了巴黎人吃的食物很美味。故选G
类型5 反义复现法
掌握特点 上下文中有互为相反词义的单词、短语或者意思相反的句子
技巧运用 在句中寻找反义词的复现
[典例] (2021·全国甲卷节选)
Invite 5－10 people so you have a nice selection.__37__， and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
A．Less people than that
B．Hold a clothing swap
[解题思路] 空处与下文的“more than that ...”形成对比；意思应与more than相反，表示人比这少，可能没有足够的东西可供选择；人比这多，就会变得无法控制，故A项符合语境。选项A中的“that”指代前文的“5～10” people。
“专题验收评价 阅读七选五之快解“利箭” ”
(单击进入电子文档)
“[难点增分训练]“阅读理解C、D篇＋阅读七选五”
难点题型强化增分练(一) — (三)”
(单击进入电子文档)
“板块组合训练 4篇阅读理解仿真限时评价(一) — (三) ”
(单击进入电子文档)
第三讲 快解“利箭”——从隐性提示上掌握七选五的快捷解题技法
快捷技法(一) 据“分析句子结构”巧解
策略1 根据其他段落小标题的句式类型解题
如果题目设在段落标题处，考生可以通过其他段落小标题的句式类型来缩小选择范围。如果其他段落的小标题是祈使句，本段标题也应该是祈使句；如果其他段落的小标题是名词短语，本段标题也应该是名词短语。缩小选择范围之后，再依据段落内容来锁定答案。
[典例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ节选)
__37__
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
…
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
[解题思路] 本题考查对段落小标题的选择。首先根据下文的另一个小标题“Recall your childhood memories”，可以将选择范围缩小到A项和B项之间，再根据段落中的“there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知，该段主要是分析从事园艺的原因，故选A。
策略2 根据其他段首主旨句句式类型解题
在很多“总—分”结构的文章中，每个段落都有主旨句，这些主旨句往往句式相同。因此，如果设题处在段首，并且是本段的主旨句，那么可根据其他段落首句的结构并结合下文内容来确定答案。
[典例] (2021·全国甲卷节选)
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had.It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
Invite 5－10 people so you have a nice selection. Less people than that, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
·__38__.They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room ...
·Set a starting time.Maybe you say “go”， or turn on a certain song, or whatever ...
B．Hold a clothing swap
D．Just keep music playing throughout
E．Donate whatever clothes are left over
F．Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G．Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
[解题思路] 本题考查主旨句。由于每段前都有实心圆点，因此可以初步判断每段的首句都是主旨句，并且都是祈使句，故38题的选择范围锁定在B、D、E、F、G项；再根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their ‘new’ clothes home.”可知，他们还应该准备大量的环保袋，把他们的“新”衣服带回家，G选项“告诉每个人带上完好且干净的衣服”可以概括这一段的内容，且G项中的“clean clothes”对应下文的“‘new’ clothes”，“bring”对应下文中的“carry”，下文中的“They”指代G项中的“everyone”。
策略3 根据语意和设空所在句子的残余部分的结构特征解题
近几年，高考命题的设空方式出现了一些新变化，打破了设空处是一个完整句子的命题窠臼，增添了对复合句中主、从句和并列分句的考查，所挖空的部分只是复合句的一部分，剩余的部分留在文中。针对这一类题目，可根据上下文的语意和设空所在句子的残余部分的结构特征来确定答案。
[典例] (2020·全国卷Ⅱ节选)
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. __37__， encouraging better and more frequent communication.
A．Messages with emojis feel more conversational
F．Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
[解题思路] 本题要求考生根据后面的逗号以及作结果状语的现在分词短语来补全句子的主干部分。空前说明了“书面交流常常被解读为冰冷枯燥，使用表情符号能增加幽默感和感情，从而保持意图清晰”，空处也应是说明与书面交流相比，使用表情符号的好处；再由作结果状语的“encouraging better and more frequent communication”中的两个并列的比较级“better and more frequent”可以推断，句子主干部分含有比较级，A选项“Messages with emojis feel more conversational”含有比较级，且符合文意。
快捷技法(二) 据“标点符号分析句间关系”快解
空后常见标点符号及思维趋向
空后是逗号 空后是句号 空后是破折号 空后是问号
此处要么填入复合句中的主句或从句，要么填入名词短语、介词短语或非谓语动词短语。 要依据段落主题和上下文逻辑关系来解题。 破折号后面的内容对设空处的内容进行解释和说明。 此处应填入问句，这时可由下文的答语推知问句的内容。
类型1 空后是逗号
1．当设空处后面是逗号，且后面的句子是由从属连词引导的状语从句时，则设空处为主句。
[典例] (2021·全国乙卷节选)
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it's not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
__36__， if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
B．The first step is to go exploring
D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
[解题思路] 根据空后的句子“if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time”是由if引导的条件状语从句可知，此空应该填入一个主句；再由下文“be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知，本段告诉读者在晚宴上要勇于尝试，故B项“第一步是去探索”符合语境。
2．当设空处后面是逗号，且后面的句子没有连词引导，则设空处多为状语从句。
[典例] (2021·全国乙卷节选)
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living？”， you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to. __37__， it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
C．If you ask the question “How did you get here？”
E．Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
[解题思路] 根据空后的标点符号和标点符号后的句子可推知，此空应该填入一个从句；再根据“‘I have this old, broken-down vehicle’ or ‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.’”可知，空处内容与交通方式有关。故C选项符合语境。
类型2 空后是句号
当设空处后面是句号时，考生要根据段落主题和前后句之间的逻辑关系来解题。
[典例] (2021·全国乙卷节选)
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). __40__. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
[解题思路] 本段第一句为段落主题句，意为“如何应对另一个宴会杀手：尴尬的沉默？”，下文给出方法，应对宴会杀手——尴尬的沉默的唯一方法就是赞扬主人，故G项“他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人”符合语境，与前面的句子构成前果后因的关系。
类型3 空后是破折号
当设空处后面是破折号时，考生要根据破折号后面的内容来确定答案，因为它是对前面内容的解释和说明。
[典例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ节选)
Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important.__39__ — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
C．It's our experience of the garden that matters
D．It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
[解题思路] 根据空前的“but that's not what's important”可知，空处应讲什么重要；再根据破折号后面的内容“how being in those gardens made us feel”可知，空处内容应该是对“我们”的关于花园的体验的解释，故C项“我们的关于花园的体验很重要”符合语境。
类型4 空后是问号
当设空处后面是问号时，考生要根据后面对这个问题的回答来确定设空处问的是什么。
[典例] (2021·全国乙卷节选)
__38__？ If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say.
A．How do you know the host
F．What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking
[解题思路] 根据空后的标点符号可知，此空应该填入一个问句，选项中只有A和F是问句；再根据空后“If you can't take their wine away”中的“wine”可知，F选项中的“has had too much to drink”与之属于同一范畴的表达，因此F项“对于喝多了或者不停说话的人该怎么办”符合语境。
快捷技法(三) 据“上下检索复现词汇”准解
类型1 原词复现法
掌握特点 一个单词在一个语意场中以同样的形式反复出现，有时兼有词形的变化。如：上文中的“says”与下文中的“said”可以看成是原词复现
技巧运用 ①寻找空格前后句中的相同关键词；②根据语言习惯，第一句的宾语往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同、重叠的词语
[典例] (2022·全国甲卷节选)
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.__38__， instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
[解题思路] 根据本段小标题和上下文内容可知，空处应是以某个国家为例，介绍使用手或餐具来就餐的某条重要规则；再根据下文中的“instead”可知，空处内容应与后半句内容形成对比。根据后半句“(他们)反而更喜欢用他们的手”并分析选项可知，C项“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”符合语境。选项C中的“utensils”与空处前文中的“utensil”为原词复现。
类型2 代词复现法
it可指代单数名词、不可数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this 指代单数名词或句子；these或those指代复数名词。还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。
掌握特点 为了避免与上文捉到的名词重复，常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件
技巧运用 ①注意空格前后出现的代词，并确定其意义；②结合指代意义和单复数解题
[典例] (2022·全国甲卷节选)
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.__37__.
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
[解题思路] 根据本段小标题和上文内容可知，空处也应是关于使用筷子的规则。F项“当你使用它们时，切勿将它们直立于你的食物中或把它们交叉(放置)”符合语境，选项中的“them”指代“chopsticks”，与小标题和前文内容相呼应。
类型3 派生复现法
掌握特点 派生词是由词根加词缀构成的词
技巧运用 在句中寻找这类词的复现
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ节选)
__40__ While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
[解题思路] 由下文阳光也能带来有益的维生素D可知，空处应是呼吸新鲜空气的另一个好处。下文中的“beneficial”与D项中的“benefit”属于同根词，属于派生词重复信息。故选D项
类型4 同义复现法
掌握特点 指上下文中意义相同或相近的词、词组或同义句子。如：room与space
技巧运用 在句中寻找同义词的复现
[典例] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷节选)
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.__38___French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
[解题思路] 根据空前一句和下文的描述可知，空处承上启下，应说明法国人吃得少的原因，G项符合语境。G项中的“delicious”与空前的“great”为同义词复现关系，而且空后又具体例证了巴黎人吃的食物很美味。故选G
类型5 反义复现法
掌握特点 上下文中有互为相反词义的单词、短语或者意思相反的句子
技巧运用 在句中寻找反义词的复现
[典例] (2021·全国甲卷节选)
Invite 5－10 people so you have a nice selection.__37__， and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
A．Less people than that
B．Hold a clothing swap
[解题思路] 空处与下文的“more than that ...”形成对比；意思应与more than相反，表示人比这少，可能没有足够的东西可供选择；人比这多，就会变得无法控制，故A项符合语境。选项A中的“that”指代前文的“5～10” people。
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