(共30张PPT)
2023年高考冲刺英语专题8
阅读理解新增题型
授课：希希
1
观点态度题
1. How does the author feel about ...
2. What does the author think of...
3. What is the author's opinion on/about ...
4. What is the author's attitude towards/to .
5. Which word best describes the author's attitude to..
题干中常有词汇_________, __________,
_________或____________等。
think of
opinion
feel about
attitude
提问方式
解题方法
表示情感的形容词、动词、名词
关键词判断法
上下文中找到能够表明立场、
观点的逻辑关系
逻辑关系判断法
文中找到一些能够体现作者态度的词汇（一般作者态度为正向或者负向）
三类词语：
赞成：supportive 赞成的 favorable 喜欢的 positive 积极的 optimistic 乐观的 hopeful 有希望的 appreciative 欣赏的 confident 自信的 sympathetic 同情的 respective 尊重的 cooperative 合作的
中性：（必错词汇）ambiguous 模棱两可的 uncertain 不确定的 cautious 小心的 indifferent 莫不关心的，冷漠的 uncaring 不在乎的
objective 客观的 neutral 中立的
反对：doubtful 怀疑的 disapproving 不赞同的 skeptical 怀疑的 critical 批判的 negative 消极的
（必错词汇） puzzled 困惑的 subjective 主观的 biased 有偏见的
△ What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park…
…
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results…
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park… The government spent…Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. ... The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
B
技巧：如果出现一个积极一个消极词汇，答案一般选择其中一个
◇What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D.Supportive.
A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. … When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man ….
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion …
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.
It doesn’t have to be that way…
B
◇What is the author’s attitude to the popularization
of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
A
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes…It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour…
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr Norberg says…
◇ Which word best describes the author's attitude
to race walking
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
B
The freezing New York hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. ... Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part — particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables--was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers' market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.
◇What did the author think of her winter life in New York
A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D.Annoying.
B
解题方法：
小结
◇理清上下文之间的逻辑关系
提问方式：
◇题干中常有词汇________, ________,
_________或____________等。
think of
opinion
feel about
attitude
关键词判断法
逻辑关系判断法
◇找到能够表明观点、态度的关键词
2
例证题
1.The case of…demonstrated that…
2.The author wants to prove the example of…
3.The example of…is used to show…
提问方式
总结: 当题干中出现example, case, demonstrate, illustrate, to show 的时候，我们可基本判定该题为例证题。
考察方式
考察定位处的文章架构：观点+例子/例子+观点
技巧：例子本身不重要，重要的是观点
干扰选项：例子本身
方法：例子用于定位，例子内容不看！
例子前后会出现观点句，只读观点句！
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety.
The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
例子
观点
◇The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to
A. stress the urgency to strengthen secruity worldwide.
B. explain American’s tolerance to current security checks.
B
80%情况例子在观点后面！
In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected.
The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.
◇By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to ______.
A.analyze the consequences of social epidemics
B.discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas
C.exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics
D.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
20%情况例子在观点后面！
例子
观点
B
According to the research, people in the growth group tend to generate more creative ideas than those in the fixed group. To illustrate, consider Thomas Edison. In the 19th century, Edison attempted to improve the light bulb and experimented with numerous materials. Over a thousand trials, he managed to discover an element sustaining light. A reporter once asked him,“It seems as though you’ve tried many times and continue to fail each time. Why is that ”Edison answered,“I have not failed. I’ve just found 10, 000 ways that won’t work.”
◇Why does the author take Thomas Edison as an example
A. Because he want to tell us his achievement.
B. Because he want to inform us that the growth group tend to generate more creative.
C. Because he want to illustrate that it is his persistence that makes him succeed.
D. Because he want to show us that the fixed group doesn’t have creative ideas.
According to the research, people in the growth group tend to generate more creative ideas than those in the fixed group.
To illustrate, consider Thomas Edison. In the 19th century, ...
◇Why does the author take Thomas Edison as an example
A. Because he want to tell us his achievement.
B. Because he want to inform us that the growth group tend to generate more creative.
C. Because he want to illustrate that it is his persistence that makes him succeed.
D. Because he want to show us that the fixed group doesn’t have creative ideas.
例子
观点
B
In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are usually informed, persuasive, or well connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.
◇By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to_________.
A. analyze the consequences of social epidemics.
B. discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas.
C. exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics.
D. describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are usually informed, persuasive, or well connected.
The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.
◇By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to_________.
A. analyze the consequences of social epidemics.
B. discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas.
C. exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics.
D. describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
观点
例子
B
体验高考
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.
The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
◇What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste.
B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat.
D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
B
观点
例子
例子标志：观点后经常有for instance, example, take...as an example, to illustrate, consider...
3
段落发展题
The second paragraph/Paragraph 2 is developed by ...
The second paragraph/Paragraph 2 is developed ...
提问方式
选项特征：By + V-ing
第一句话选项可能是V-ing词组
第二句话选项可能是by + V-ing词组或一句话
解题方法：观察定位段是否出现了提示词。
（1）举例。常见提示语有 for example, for instance 等
（2）提供数据或研究结果。常见提示语有 according to... ,statistics,research,study 等
（3）按照时间顺序。除了明确地表示时间的单词和短语外，常见提示语还有 later, then, afterwards, at that time 等
解题方法：观察定位段是否出现了提示词。
（4）按照空间顺序。常见提示语有 in the distance,from the top,on the left /right 等
（5）按照逻辑顺序。 常见提示语有 because, therefore,as a result, besides,in addition,in a word, in short 等
（6）对比。常见提示语有 like,unlike,but, however, in comparison, by contrast, ...while...等
Armstrong showed a great talent(天赋) for music when he was taught to play the cornet(短号) at a boy’s home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades(游行，阅兵), clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal.
◇The third paragraph is developed________.
A.by space B. by examples C. by time D. by comparison
C
Also of note: the percentage of cats with “secure” attachment styles is actually higher than dogs“, only 58% of dogs showed the ”secure“ attachment, while 42% were categorized as insecure.
◇The last paragraph is developed _______________.
A.by giving examples B. by comparing data
C. by giving time order D. by following the logic
B
At the same time, computers will surely become a central part of the school in the future.
According to The Age, the distant learning will be popular and students will listen to teachers on computers. Going into classrooms on their computers, students will study at any time, which is very easy for them.
◇The third paragraph is developed________.
A.by giving examples B.by using persuasive data
C. by giving research result D. by comparing data
C
Thanks2023年高考专题英语复习讲义8（阅读理解新增题型）
一、新增题型：观点态度题
提问方式：1. How does the author feel about ...
2. What does the author think of...
3. What is the author's opinion on/about ...
4. What is the author's attitude towards/to .
5. Which word best describes the author's attitude to..
总结：
方法：文中找到一些能够体现作者态度的词汇（一般作者态度为正向或者负向）
三类词语：
赞成：supportive favorable positive optimistic hopeful appreciative confident sympathetic respective cooperative
中性：（必错词汇）ambiguous uncertain cautious indifferent uncaring
objective neutral
反对：doubtful disapproving skeptical critical negative
（必错词汇）uncaring puzzled
技巧：如果选项中一个赞成，一个反对，那么答案会在其中一个选择
练习一：After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park…
…
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results…
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park… The government spent…Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. ... The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
△ What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
练习二：A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. … When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man ….
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion …
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.
It doesn’t have to be that way…
◇What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D.Supportive.
练习三：Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
◇What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
练习四：Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes…It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour…
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr Norberg says…
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
◇ Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
练习五：The freezing New York hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. ... Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part — particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables--was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers' market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.
◇What did the author think of her winter life in New York
Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D.Annoying.
二、新增题型：例证题
提问方式：
The case of…demonstrated that…
The author wants to prove the example of…
The example of…is used to show…
总结：
考察定位处的文章架构：观点+例子（90%的情况）/例子+观点
技巧：例子本身不重要，重要的是观点
干扰选项：例子本身
练习一：According to the research, people in the growth group tend to generate more creative ideas than those in the fixed group. To illustrate, consider Thomas Edison. In the 19th century, Edison attempted to improve the light bulb and experimented with numerous materials. Over a thousand trials, he managed to discover an element sustaining light. A reporter once asked him,“It seems as though you’ve tried many times and continue to fail each time. Why is that ”Edison answered,“I have not failed. I’ve just found 10, 000 ways that won’t work.”
◇Why does the author take Thomas Edison as an example
A. Because he want to tell us his achievement.
B. Because he want to inform us that the growth group tend to generate more creative.
C. Because he want to illustrate that it is his persistence that makes him succeed.
D. Because he want to show us that the fixed group doesn’t have creative ideas.
练习二：In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are usually informed, persuasive, or well connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.
◇By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to_________.
A. analyze the consequences of social epidemics.
B. discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas.
C. exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics.
D. describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
总结：经常出现在例子前面的词汇：
新增题型：段落发展题
提问方式：The second paragraph/Paragraph 2 is developed by ...
The second paragraph/Paragraph 2 is developed ...
选项特征：By + V-ing
解题方法：观察定位段是否出现了提示词。
举例。常见提示语有 for example, for instance 等
提供数据或研究结果。常见提示语有 according to... ,statistics,research,study 等
按照时间顺序。除了明确地表示时间的单词和短语外，常见提示语还有 later, then, afterwards, at that time 等
按照空间顺序。常见提示语有 in the distance,from the top,on the left /right 等
按照逻辑顺序。 常见提示语有 because, therefore,as a result, besides,in addition,in a word, in short 等。
对比。常见提示语有 like,unlike,but, however, in comparison, by contrast, ...while...等
练习一：Armstrong showed a great talent(天赋) for music when he was taught to play the cornet(短号) at a boy’s home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades(游行，阅兵), clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal.
◇The third paragraph is developed________.
by space B. by examples C. by time D. by comparison
练习二：Also of note: the percentage of cats with “secure” attachment styles is actually higher than dogs“, only 58% of dogs showed the ”secure“ attachment, while 42% were categorized as insecure.
◇The last paragraph is developed _______________.
by giving examples B. by comparing data C. by giving time order D. by following the logic
练习三：At the same time, computers will surely become a central part of the school in the future.
According to The Age, the distant learning will be popular and students will listen to teachers on computers. Going into classrooms on their computers, students will study at any time, which is very easy for them.
◇The third paragraph is developed________.
by giving examples B.by using persuasive data C. by giving research result D. by comparing data
