高考英语二轮复习：北京高考英语七选五专项训练（含解析）

七选五
Whether it is in a family board game, or during competitive sports, it can be easy to spot sore losers. During those times when we are faced with loss. sore losers struggle more than others.
When sore losers notice that they are lowering in the rankings, they may try to win at all costs.____1____ Therefore, they’re prepared to do anything in their power to avoid them even if that involves immoral behaviours.
____2____They constantly calculate their unlikelihood of a win in the competitions. And when the risk of losing is very high, they will immediately withdraw from the game. That’s because quitting is the last way to ensure losing doesn’t happen.
Perhaps the biggest revealing of sore losers is their attitude.____3____This can be linked back to evolutionary benefits, as channeling this frustration helped our ancestors succeed. After losing a hunt, for example, these feelings made them try harder until they were successful.
What can we do to avoid becoming sore losers One way in the first place is to play and explore what you’re good at without any success criteria. Then when it does come to losing, identify what was within your control and whether it was down to luck, talent, or practice. ____4____Winning feels essential now, but how will the result affect you tomorrow Chances are, it-won’t be as significant then. ____5____
A．These thought processes can help you to gain insight.
B．The strategy may involve the participant becoming angry beforehand.
C．Giving up before the results are finalized is another sign of sore losers.
D．This is because the loss will bring about some unwanted negative feelings.
E．For many people, controlling anger is impossible as their loss is announced.
F．Most of us can accept the negative consequences of losing a fierce competition.
G．Another way is to consider the consequences of winning or losing in your future.
“Just think positively!”
“It could be worse.”
“You should look at the bright side!”
We’ve all heard (and maybe used) these phrases without much thought. But they could be contributing to a culture of toxic(有毒的) positivity. For those new to this term, it might sound like an oxymoron(矛盾修辞法). How can positivity be toxic Isn’t it supposed to be helpful, or “positive”, as the name suggests ____6____
“Toxic positivity is when somebody avoids all negative thoughts or feelings, pretending everything is going well when it is not,” explains Melissa Dowd, a therapist at PlushCare, a virtual health platform for primary care and mental health services.Whitney Goodman, the author of Toxic Positivity describes toxic positivity as the “endless pressure to be happy and positive, no matter what the circumstances are.” ____7____ It’s also something we can cause other people to experience.
Expressing toxic positivity to others may look like offering them a simple solution to a complicated problem that we know nothing about, or not allowing people around you to appropriately express negative emotions.
Toxic positivity causes us to suppress our emotions, which can make them worse. ____8____ “Although it can be helpful to look on the bright side when facing challenges,” Dowd says, “not coping with negative feelings in a healthy way in the moment can lead to those feelings resurfacing later in different areas of your life or as a form of anxiety.” ____9____ “If I feel like you’re going to dismiss me, I’m going to stop sharing how I’m feeling,” Goodman adds.
____10____ If you’re using toxic positivity against yourself, Goodman suggests remembering it’s OK if you’re upset about something. It’s valid if something annoys you. “Allow ourselves and other people to share when they’re going through a difficult time,” she says. Dowd adds that it’s essential that “we all learn to cope with and process our emotions in a healthy way as opposed to avoiding how we feel” as life’s stressors continue to rise. For example, instead of simply saying “Just think positively,” we’d better say “Sometimes bad things happen. How can I help ”
A．Are there ways to avoid toxic positivity
B．Toxic positivity also disrupts connection.
C．It can harm people who are going through difficult times.
D．This can come up in different situations when we are dealing with pressure.
E．They become more intense and can cause long-lasting health concerns in the future.
F．Experts say constant forced positivity can lead to the opposite, and have a negative effect.
G．This is what we may bring on to ourselves by not allowing negative thoughts and feelings.
If you are of the “no regrets” school of life, you might think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. True, letting yourself be overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme may be even worse. To extinguish your regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sorrow; it consigns you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place.
As uncomfortable as it is, regret is an amazing cognitive feat. It requires that you go back to a past scenario, imagine that you acted differently to change it, and with that new scenario in mind, arrive at a different present — and then, compare that fictional present with the one you are experiencing in reality. _____11_____ You would remember your own pettiness and irritability, and then imagine yourself showing more patience, being kind instead of hurtful at key moments. Then you would fast-forward to today and see how your relationship could be flourishing instead of languishing.
_____12_____ Pink says they come in four basic varieties, and an instance of regret may involve just one or a combination. Wishing you’d been kinder to your partner is an example of a connection regret, in which you lament behavior that harmed an important relationship, such as spoiling a romance or neglecting your bond with relatives before they died.
Many connection regrets overlap with moral regrets, which can come about after you violate your own values. For example, you may pride yourself on being a loving person, and thus regret not living up to this image in the relationship you harmed. Moral regrets can also involve just yourself. _____13_____
Pink’s other two categories of regrets involve life choices. Foundation regrets are those in which you did something that affected the course of your life in a way you don’t like. A classic example is wishing you had stayed in school. _____14_____. They are all about inaction and forgone opportunities. This is what you feel when you kick yourself for not taking a chance, as in wishing you had just gone up to that attractive person and introduced yourself.
_____15_____ Regret is implicated in depression and anxiety, and excessive regret can adversely affect your hormones and immune system. In 2013, researchers asked one group of participants in an experiment to describe “your most burdensome regret” right before going to bed; this group took 61 percent longer to get to sleep than a group told to think about a typical day.
But regret doesn’t have to be left unmanaged. The trick is not to remove the bad feeling; it’s to acknowledge it and use it for learning and improvement. Instead of letting the specter of your failed relationship make you miserable, by simply wishing it had tuned out differently you can be honest with yourself about what went wrong and use that knowledge to enjoy better relationships in the future.
A．Not all regrets are the same of course.
B．Meanwhile, boldness regrets are the opposite.
C．Regret may hurt, but obsessing over them is destructive.
D．Your regret can teach you to become smarter and more successful — if you let it.
E．Unanalyzed and unmanaged, any variety of regret can be poison for your well-being.
F．Maybe you regret not living up to your commitment to your health when you ate a whole pizza or skipped the gym.
G．For example, if today your relationship with your partner has soured, your regret might mentally take you back to last year.
What Makes Art Valuable
Why do people buy art An even bigger question is, why do people pay tens of millions of dollars to own art Is it for status, prestige(威望), and approval from peers One thing to remember is that value isn’t only linked to its artist quality.____16____
Provenance
In the art world, an artwork’s value can be the result of provenance. In other words, who has owned the painting in the past.____17____The masterpiece went from a value of less than $10,000 when David Rockefeller first owned it, to upwards of $72 million when it was later sold by Sotheby’s.
The Thrill of Auction(拍卖)
The salerooms at Christie’s or Sotheby’s are full of billionaires—or better yet, their advisors.____18____They know when to bump up a lot and when to slightly tipthe scales. They’re running the show and it’s their job to make sure the highest bidder(出价者)has a shot and that values soar.
Historical Significance
Historical significance works in a couple of ways when it comes to determining the value of art. Firstly, you can consider the piece in terms of its importance to art history in its genre. For example, a painting by Claude Monet is worth more than other more recent impressionist work since Monet changed the standard of art history and impressionism as a whole.____19____After all, art is often a reflection of the culture of its time and as it became a product, art was affected by political and historical changes.
____20____Whether in a perfect storm of passion and desire or a calculated risk of business deals and rewards, art collectors continue to spend millions upon millions each year at art auctions. What makes art valuable beyond the cost of supplies and labor We may never truly understand.
A．World history also affects the value of art.
B．It’s interesting to explore what makes art valuable.
C．It seems as though all of these factors combine to determine the value of art.
D．Auctioneers are skilled salesmen who help raise those prices up and up and up.
E．It’s obvious that changes in polities have a historical effect on the value of art to different people.
F．For instance, art describing beautiful women tends to be sold for higher prices than that of beautiful men.
G．For example, Mark Rothko’s White Center was owned by the Rockefeller family, one of America’s most powerful dynasties.
Confirmation bias(偏见) is our tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing beliefs. It also describes how we try to find ways to look at unclear information in ways that support rather than challenge those beliefs — or simply ignore information that contradicts them. ____21____
People usually don't engage in confirmation bias on purpose.____22____ For example, if you heard that a politician you support was caught in a scandal(丑闻), you might be more likely to believe explanations that make them look less guilty. Meanwhile, people who dislike that politician would probably be more likely to believe stories that make them look worse.
So what can we do to avoid confirmation bias ____23____ This can help us check if we only believe certain things because we never seriously considered other possibilities. It's also easy to surround ourselves with an “echo chamber” of people who think the same way we do—especially on social media.____24____ It can help us understand that there may be other ways to see the same issue.
And perhaps most importantly: we have to be careful not to jump to conclusions.____25____ We should try to learn more before deciding how we feel about something, even if it's very important to us. But that's often easier said than done.
A．The thing we most want to believe might not actually be true.
B．But research has found that it is real and affects our judgment.
C．But it can be helpful to talk to people who don't share our beliefs.
D．Research has shown that confirmation bias occurs in several contexts.
E．Most of all, accept that you have biases that impact your decision-making.
F．One thing we can do is try to look for evidence that contradicts our beliefs.
G．This is especially true for information about things that feel very important to us.
Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential
What is a boundary, you ask A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. ____26____ If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.
Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的). ____27____
Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someone’s behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work.
Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. ____28____ One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout (倦怠) over time.
Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics (道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this. ____29____ Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within.
____30____ Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills — valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace.
A．Why are boundaries important
B．However, they are equally, if not more, important.
C．Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them.
D．Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful.
E．Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.
F．Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal conflict.
G．Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.
With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious. ____31____ Is it right Maybe not.
Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic. ____32____
One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury. ____33____ Techno-optimism has led many to believe that if everyone just switched to driving electric vehicles, we would be making incredible steps towards sustainability. However, the reality is that the amount of resources and energy needed to produce enough electric vehicles for everyone is not even remotely sustainable.
____34____ Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars. Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.
Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints. ____35____ It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. Until we are ready to face the need for a less complex life, we cannot make true progress towards sustainability.
A．So where should we look for answers instead
B．The modern world’s simple solution is technology.
C．Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.
D．Is it a trap that many people have fallen into in recent years
E．Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.
F．Despite any technology, we as a whole are not living sustainably.
G．Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.
Has anyone ever told you, “Stand up straight!” or scolded you for sitting lazily at a family dinner Comments like that might be annoying, but they’re not wrong.
____36____ It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it. These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position. ____37____
If your posture isn’t good enough, your muscles have to work harder to keep you upright and balanced. Some muscles will become tight and inflexible. ____38____ It increases the likelihood of accidents, and makes some organs, like your lungs, less efficient.
So what does good posture look like If you’re sitting, your neck should be vertical, not tilted forward. Your shoulders should be relaxed with your arms close to your trunk. Your knees should be at a right angle with your feet flat on the floor. But what if your posture can’t be that great ____39____ For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.
It’s also not enough to just have good posture. Keeping your muscles and joints moving is extremely important. In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture. ____40____ And be sure to exercise. Using your muscles will keep them strong enough to support you effectively, on top of all the other benefits to your joints, bones, brain and heart.
A．Try redesigning your environment.
B．You adjust your body unless you feel tired.
C．So if you sit a lot, get up and move around on occasion.
D．And the big one that we all experience every day is gravity.
E．Besides, poor posture leads to extra wear and tear on your joints.
F．Posture can even influence your emotional state and your sensitivity to pain.
G．Your posture refers to the way you hold your body when you’re sitting or standing.
Once upon a time, we were all question-asking experts. We started asking our parents numerous questions as kids. By preschool, our inquiries even reached the depths of science, philosophy, and the social order. Where does the sun go at night Why doesn’t that man have a home like we do Why do rocks sink but ice floats ____41____
Why does the child’s urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults An important factor is how the social environments surrounding us change as we age. Schools transform from a place for asking questions to one funded by our ability to answer them. ____42____ And we recognize that society rewards the people who propose to have the answers.
____43____ We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their curiosity, too. In that encouragement, we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask questions.
When it comes to how we phrase questions, we are advised to open with less sensitive questions, favor follow-up questions, and keep questions open-ended. We can also practice asking questions of and for ourselves by keeping a running list of questions in a journal. ____44____ Finally, we could set aside time to ask absurd questions like “How would you accomplish a week’s work in two hours ” This type of questions forces us to break the boundaries of our comfort zone.
In the world that does not look much as it did years ago, we must ask questions. ____45____ Great questions can open up our capacity to change because they allow us to draw people in, opening them up to sharing knowledge, ideas, and opinions. And they are also our primary means of learning about the world. In short, asking questions is the best way to deepen our understanding of the things that matter to our life. As any child could probably tell us if we asked.
A．Then, at some point, our inquiring desires disappear.
B．It is a high-payoff behavior especially in times of change.
C．The questions we ask depend on our attitudes as well as the situations.
D．But as we grow up, asking questions fills us with worry and self-doubt.
E．As such, one way to renew our inquiring spirit is to change the atmosphere.
F．We learn to sell ourselves on the job market by what we know, not what we don’t.
G．It not only removes the publicity from question asking, but offers us a place to experiment.
Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe.____46____Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence.
New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason. Until recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and their friends’ thoughts about them until around age nine.
But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom.____47____
To learn more about how children think about reputation, we created simple stories and then asked children questions about these situations to allow kids to showcase their thinking.
Across several studies, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test.____48____The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature-they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of others. When assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.
____49____Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. ____50____Parents could point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together. Adults could praise kids for seeking assistance. These responses send a strong signal that other people value a willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success.
A．Kids could be afraid to ask their parents for help.
B．Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable.
C．In another study we told them that only one kid did poorly.
D．Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions.
E．The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost.
F．But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer.
G．We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help.
Expressive writing or journaling is one way to help you heal from trauma (创伤).___51___. It can help you process what you’ve been through and assist you as you envision a path forward.
Why does a writing intervention work ___52___In fact, narrating the story of an ongoing anxiety “frees up” cognitive resources. When you write down the emotions associated with a traumatic experience, you may be changing the way it is organized in the brain. You are then able to detach from the emotion, making it easier for you to talk about and process the event.
However, for most people, the thought of acknowledging emotions and admitting that there’s something wrong with us is difficult. This is because expressing emotions can bring up feelings of guilt and shame.___53___That is what sets journaling apart. This is between you and your journal — you don’t have to share it with anyone unless, of course, you choose to.
If you’re interested in trying out writing as a tool for healing, start your writing by setting a timer for ten minutes.___54___Think of one object in your home that signifies a moment for you. See it in full color. Feel the weight of it. Use all your senses. Now, write about that object and see how large its meaning can become.
___55___How you heal from trauma can be different from person to person as well. It all depends on what works best for you. Remember, one size does not fit all. Writing may not work for everyone, but you won’t know if you don’t try.
A．Despite that, expressive writing remains an accessible tool.
B．Of course, expressive writing is hardly a panacea (灵丹妙药).
C．Also, seeking help for emotional stress is often seen as a sign of weakness.
D．It may seem abnormal that writing about negative experiences has a positive effect.
E．Once you have a better handle on your problems, you can move forward and get on with life.
F．It is writing from your heart and mind and about the emotion associated with a certain event.
G．Let your mind go to the detailed, specific moments to get to the feelings and truth of your experience.
Offload Thoughts
In our busy world, we rush from task to task, often leaving us feeling easily angered. We seek out technology or brain-enhancing products to help us optimize (最优化) our productivity, but end up running on a never-ending hamster(仓鼠) wheel. ____56____ It feels like our entire lives are engineered toward one question: How much can I get done in the least amount of time
Research shows that spending too much time optimizing our thoughts for perfect outcomes not only leaves us feeling exhausted, but can also have harmful effects on our wellbeing and work output. Optimizing thoughts requires being highly focused. But it just goes against the way our minds work. That is to say, efficiency isn’t always productive when we pursue it. ____57____ And to some extent, it can even cause impulsive (鲁莽的) decision-making.
Our brain essentially has two main modes of operating: the “focus network” and the “default mode network.” When one network works, the other physically can’t turn on. The modern world often demands we live in the focus network and the default mode network is often less celebrated. ____58____ So in order to make more effective decisions and feel better in our daily lives, we have to spend less time in our brain’s “focus network.”
Cognitive (认知的) offloading is an accessible practice. It has the potential to not only release emotions, but enhance mental capabilities, too. Even just a few moments of creative flow — like offloading the feelings of anxiety by doodling (涂鸦) before a meeting — can have a strong impact on emotions. ____59____ We might try cognitive offloading as a transition from our action-oriented workday into a more relaxed evening routine.
____60____ And we can see what takes shape. Some unproductive pathways often can help us feel more creative, refreshed, and alive.
A．The functionality is simpler than you might imagine.
B．Give ourselves a few minutes to offload our emotions.
C．Being focused all the time can eventually lead to less self-control.
D．Fortunately, there is a way to stop this kind of always-on mentality.
E．It’s no surprise that the majority of us feel more exhausted than ever.
F．But spending more time on the latter offers a form of “insurance” for our emotions.
G．What’s more, this exercise can help give the brain the space to make new connections.
Whether it’s for a promising job interview, first date, or chance meeting, making a good impression is important in just about every situation.___61___
Arrive Early. Actor Billy Porter said it in his book Unprorected: A Memoir, “Fifteen minutes early is on time, on time is late, and late is unacceptable.”___62___If you’re giving a presentation, arriving early gives you a moment to test the equipment you’re using. If you’re early to a job interview, you’ll have time to go over your elevator pitch to yourself, adjust your tie, or make sure your hair isn’t out of place.
Actively listen. Active listening is giving the speaker your undivided attention and paying attention to what’s said and the intention behind it.___63___Asking the right questions shows you’re engaged, but just don’t ask something the speaker already answered.
___64___When you’re meeting someone for the first time, don’t try to be someone you’re not. If you don’t know the answer to something they ask, don’t fake it. The ability to learn into your weaknesses shows that you are self-aware. However, don’t overemphasize your shortcomings, either.
Know your audience. ___65___If your meeting is planned in advance, you should know plenty about the person or business you’re meeting with before arriving. Google the people you’ll meet, the company founders/co-founders, their history, their competition, their main products, and any other relevant information before you walk into the room.
A．Be authentic.
B．Do your research.
C．Emphasize your advantages.
D．Listen for opportunities to ask questions concerning the discussion.
E．There are some simple steps to succeed in the first business meeting.
F．We can help you put your best foot forward no matter where you are.
G．Arriving in advance for a meeting gives you a little more time to ensure everything is in place.
Late-night eating has long been connected to a higher risk for obesity or overweight, which can pose all kinds of risks to your heart.
____66____ A recent study found that when meals are delayed by four hours — say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM and keeping all other lifestyle factors the same, people burn fewer calories, have stronger appetite, and experience changes in fat tissue that promote weight gain, according to the study’s author.
The study was rather small, featuring only 16 overweight or obese people. ____67____ In the weeks before, they maintained a regular sleep schedule and stuck to identical diets and meal times at home. Each participant reported on their hunger and appetite, and provided data needed. Besides feeling hungrier, burning fewer calories, and showing changes in fat tissue, late eating also impacted the hunger-regulating hermones (荷尔蒙) ghrelin and leptin. Ghrelin is the hormone that tells you when to eat, while leptin tells you when you’ve had enough. ____68____
The solution may be relatively simple. Keeping your eating schedule in line with your body’s natural clock makes sense. ____69____ It can minimize weight gain and reduce the risk for high blood pressure and other heart disease risk factors. Besides, try eating a big breakfast, slightly smaller lunch, and small dinner with healthy snacks throughout the day. ____70____ So pay attention to portion (食物的一份) sizes and what you’re eating.
A．Of course, not everyone’s natural body clock is the same.
B．Researchers may have learned why meal timing could impact fat gain.
C．A survey has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight.
D．They each stuck to a strict early or late meal schedule for one day in a lab.
E．Remember, what you eat and how much is likely more important than when.
F．Eating more early in the day and less as it progresses may be the best strategy.
G．The study found that leptin dropped by 16 percent when people delayed their meals.
Is fashion important to you ____71____From those who wear trendy ripped jeans and loose-fitting T-shirts to those who wear smart tailored suits and expensive designer outfits, each individual can have their own style.
____72____And what impact can this have on their self-expression
Arguably, one factor that influences what people wear is the need to impress others. People who dress well and keep up with the latest styles seem to be more noticed than those who are not concerned about their appearance. ____73____In this way they assume an identity which makes them feel they impress. Yet, by copying general looks, people actually can’t show their individuality.
At the same time, fashion is perceived by some as a tool for success and one that represents wealth or respectable social position. For instance, people intentionally try to raise their status by wearing famous brands or expensive clothes which are admired by others.____74____They are just the means to promote a specific image of power and control. In this case, fashion does not express personal individuality but could perhaps be said to give a false impression of appearance for a specific purpose.
That being said, following fashion may not have anything to do with copying current trends but with using them as an inspiration to create outfits expressing individuality.____75____Adding glam here and there, rolling up a pair of trousers or even wearing two different shoes can be considered a form of self-expression demonstrating originality.
Having considered all this, to my way of thinking, fashion can be used as a means of communication and a way to communicate your self-image to people around you. As a famous designer once said, “Fashion is instant language.”
A．Is it a trend we must follow
B．But why are people following fashion
C．For most people it is, at least to some extent.
D．For this reason, people wear fashionable clothing.
E．These clothes are not actually giving a personal statement of the wearer.
F．There are always fashion followers, even though fashion is constantly changing.
G．An example of this is reforming fashionable pieces and making small personalized changes.
Stock market club, German club, magic club... These are some of the many fun clubs at our school. What makes these clubs so special ____76____ From bringing up ideas to putting them into action, the students do everything.
____77____ As soon as word got out, students took the chance. My friend and I were interested in a writing team which was set up by our classmates. We took part in the tryouts for the writing team. It was very competitive. We tried to write an article to apply for it. ____78____ Then we realized that we didn’t get used to writing in that kind of style. Soon we got the idea to set up a non-competitive writing club. Anyone who loves to write can join. So, we created Write Space. First, we planned the goal of the club. We hoped that members could share their writing in regular meetings. Members would give each other advice and make progress together. We also thought about how to invite new members and raise funds. ____79____ When the school agreed, we got a new club!
Starting a club is not easy, but leading it is harder. A fully student- run club is a good chance to test your leadership skills. ____80____
A．They are not led by teachers.
B．We worked hard to lead the club.
C．Unfortunately, we did not pass it.
D．Then we sent the proposal to the school.
E．There are science clubs, art clubs and sports clubs.
F．This opportunity today is truly creating leaders for tomorrow.
G．Our school recently announced that we could start our own clubs.
Happiness is considered very important in life. It is so powerful that it affects many things in your life—your sleep, relationships, health, study and work. ____81____
Happiness doesn’t happen spontaneously—it requires planning towards pursuing things that matter to us. ____82____ It’s necessary to set goals to look forward to and follow an actionable plan to achieve them, which can boost your self-confidence and reduce stress and anxiety.
____83____ When you are feeling negative about yourself, ask yourself what advice you would give a friend who was down on himself or herself. Now try to apply that advice to yourself.
Keeping moving is also a good way. When people get up and move, they tend to be happier than when they are still. We don’t know if moving makes you happy or if happy people just move more, but we do know that more activity goes hand-in-hand with better health and greater happiness. ____84____ Sunlight makes a difference. Spend time outside or live in a space with natural light.
It is surely that our happiness is linked with the happiness of others. ____85____ Happiness is infectious, so stay with people who are happy, supportive and give you positive feedback.
Happiness often comes from within. When you are happy, anything is possible. Happy people don’t have the best of everything; they make the best of what they have.
A．The first secret is to enjoy simple things in life.
B．Sometimes, you need to treat yourself like a friend.
C．Studies also support that spending time in nature is good for you.
D．You can forget about your problems, and turn to your friends for help.
E．Happiness is not something ready-made, but comes from your own actions.
F．Goal setting is important, since it forms the outline for the life you envision.
G．People who are surrounded by happy people are more likely to become happy.
Why We Listen to Music with Lyrics(歌词) We Don’t Understand
From French electronic to K-pop and Spanish jazz, it’s common for us to listen to songs we don’t necessarily understand. ____86____. Sometimes, we even sing along to them without knowing the dictionary meaning of lyrics.
But why It all starts with what’s called “sound symbolism(语音表意),” which refers to the study of the relationships between utterances(发声) and their meaning. In music, there’s something about the appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a language. ____87____. This might explain why we are fond of a song even without knowing its lyrics.
____88____. One example of such techniques is scale(音阶). Songs in major scales are brighter or happier, while minor scales usually sound slightly darker or bluer. Our brain is wired to respond to a certain sound, and our breathing and even our movement go with the sound we hear. ____89____. Besides, elements of sound and music, like pitch, melody or harmony, also have an affective, emotional, and even physical impact on listeners. Through a complex of these elements, music adds so much meaning and dimension to lyrics. That is to say, the combination of all these creates the meaning far beyond the lyrics’ dictionary meaning.
____90____. Lyrics are powerful tools for helping us recognise, express and reflect our emotions. All in all, there’s value in whatever immediate appeal we find in the music we listen to, whether or not we understand the words. Music, after all, is a universal language.
A．The interrelationship of melody and pitch is important.
B．This is why fast-paced music is so popular for running.
C．Of course, this isn’t to ignore the importance of lyrics in music.
D．Things like a musician’s image also help convey meaning through songs.
E．So, when listening to a foreign song, we enjoy the lyrics as sounds and not words.
F．It seems that not knowing the language of the lyrics doesn’t stop us from liking a song.
G．Some musical techniques and elements can also help convey certain moods and messages.
The Science of Recreational Fear
From peek-a-boo to Halloween haunted houses, research shows that recreational fear can teach us to face scary situations. The “paradox of horror” is that being scared, under the right circumstances, can be fun. ____91____
Having fun with fear is an “extremely important tool for learning,” said Mathias Clasen, director of the Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark. “We learn something about the dangers of the world. We learn something about our own responses: What does it feel like to be afraid How much fear can I take ”
Horror movies have gotten more popular. And in one survey of more than 1,000 Americans, conducted by Clasen, 55% described themselves as horror fans. ____92____ Many people who would not consider themselves fans of fear enjoy true-crime podcasts and novels featuring violence and murder. Others may enjoy nature documentaries about top predators (捕食性动物) such as sharks and bears.
Even babies like being a little spooked (惊的). Peek-a-boo is “an infant jump scare,” Clasen said. ____93____ “I don’t think I’ve yet come across a person who did not enjoy some kind of recreational fear,” he said.
____94____ It is a combination of an adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush and an opportunity to learn about dealing with scary situations in a safe environment, researchers say. When we are afraid, our endocrine system releases adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol to help prepare our body for physical action. We know the “Halloween” movie Michael Myers is not real, but our brain still responds as if he were a burning threat. One brain imaging study found that watching horror movies activates threat-response brain regions such as the amygdala (扁桃腺), prefrontal cortex and insula as if the danger were real.
After this rush, many people experience an uplifted mood. One study examined how 262 adults felt before and after they entered an extreme haunted house. ____95____ Brain recordings before and after showed that those whose mood improved had a smaller neural response to subsequent stressors, which is associated with the post-haunt high.
A．So why do we like it
B．Fifty percent of people said they felt better after the visit.
C．And recreational fear, as it is rightly named, could benefit us, too.
D．Playing with fear helps us learn what our body does under pressure.
E．Horror, though, is not the only genre of what people find scary fun, he said.
F．We define recreational fear broadly as a mixed emotional experience of fear and enjoyment.
G．Classic childhood games of tag and hide-and-seek are just like the real scenes of predator vs. prey.
The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect
Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.____96____
Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially positive affect—is one critical factor. What exactly is affect Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.____97____ Moreover, research suggests that a person’s affect is relatively stable over time, especially by the time one reaches adulthood.
Affect is typically described in terms of being either positive or negative, and it seems that positive affect, in particular, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes in adulthood.
In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.____98____ For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.
____99____ Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning.
But what about the effects of negative affect The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.____100____ Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later.
A．Affective responses to events typically happen automatically.
B．So how can parents help their children grasp the meaning of positive affect
C．But what factors help produce these outcomes as teens move from adolescence to adulthood
D．Interestingly, the results suggested that positive affect may go beyond helping teens build positive relationships.
E．The results uncovered that negative affect might account for many life problems when a teenager became a young adult.
F．Unlike positive affect, having greater negative affect did not have any significant associations with any of the later life outcomes.
G．This study found that positive affect was strongly predictive of life outcomes in young adulthood, such as developing better friendships.
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．E 4．G 5．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了输不起的人的特点以及解决方法。
1．根据上文“When sore losers notice that they are lowering in the rankings, they may try to win at all costs.(当输不起的人注意到自己的排名在下降时，他们可能会不惜一切代价争取胜利)”以及后文“Therefore, they’re prepared to do anything in their power to avoid them even if that involves immoral behaviours.(因此，他们准备尽其所能避免他们，即使这涉及不道德的行为)”可知，后文提到了输不起的人想要避免一些东西，本句承接上文说明他们争取胜利的原因，D选项some unwanted negative feelings对应后文them。故D选项“这是因为失去会带来一些不想要的负面情绪”符合语境，故选D。
2．根据后文“They constantly calculate their unlikelihood of a win in the competitions. And when the risk of losing is very high, they will immediately withdraw from the game. That’s because quitting is the last way to ensure losing doesn’t happen.(他们不断计算自己在比赛中获胜的可能性。当失败的风险非常高时，他们会立即退出游戏。那是因为放弃是确保不会失败的最后一种方法)”后文提到“当失败的风险非常高时，他们会立即退出游戏”，即在确定结果之前就放弃。故C选项“在结果确定之前放弃是输不起的人的另一个表现”符合语境，故选C。
3．根据上文“Perhaps the biggest revealing of sore losers is their attitude.(也许最能揭示输不起的人的是他们的态度)”以及后文“This can be linked back to evolutionary benefits, as channeling this frustration helped our ancestors succeed. After losing a hunt, for example, these feelings made them try harder until they were successful.(这可以追溯到进化的好处，因为引导这种挫折帮助我们的祖先成功。例如，在一次狩猎失败后，这些感觉会让他们更加努力，直到成功)”可知，本句主要关于输不起的人对待失败的态度，故E选项“对许多人来说，当他们的损失被宣布时，控制愤怒是不可能的”符合语境，故选E。
4．根据“Winning feels essential now, but how will the result affect you tomorrow Chances are, it-won’t be as significant then.(现在赢感觉很重要，但结果对你明天有什么影响？很有可能，到那时它就不会那么重要了)”可知，后文提到了考虑输赢对未来的影响，故G选项“另一种方法是考虑你未来输赢的后果”符合语境，故选G。
5．根据上文“Winning feels essential now, but how will the result affect you tomorrow Chances are, it-won’t be as significant then.(现在赢感觉很重要，但结果对你明天有什么影响？很有可能，到那时它就不会那么重要了)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文进一步说明上文方法的作用。故A选项“这些思维过程可以帮助你获得洞察力”符合语境，故选A。
6．F 7．G 8．E 9．B 10．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了“有毒的积极性”的不良影响和应对措施。
6．根据上文“How can positivity be toxic Isn’t it supposed to be helpful, or “positive”, as the name suggests ”（积极性怎么会有毒？它不应该像名字所暗示的那样有帮助，或者是“积极的”吗？）可知，选项承接上文说明专家对此的观点。故F选项“专家表示，持续的强迫积极可能会导致相反的结果，并产生负面影响。”切题。故选F项。
7．根据上文“Whitney Goodman, the author of Toxic Positivity describes toxic positivity as the “endless pressure to be happy and positive, no matter what the circumstances are.”（ 《有毒的积极性》一书的作者惠特尼·古德曼将“有毒的积极性”描述为“无论环境如何，都要保持快乐和积极的无尽压力。）可知，选项承接上文近一步总结所带来的后果。故G选项“这就是我们不允许消极的想法和感觉给自己带来的后果”切题。故选G项。
8．根据上文“Toxic positivity causes us to suppress our emotions, which can make them worse.”（有毒的积极情绪会让我们压抑自己的情绪，这可能会让情绪变得更糟）选项承接上文说明有毒的积极情绪的不良影响。故E选项“它们变得更加强烈，并可能在未来引起长期的健康问题”切题。故选E项。
9．根据下文““If I feel like you’re going to dismiss me, I’m going to stop sharing how I’m feeling,” Goodman adds.”（如果我觉得你要解雇我，我就会停止分享我的感受，”古德曼补充道。）可知，有毒的积极情绪会会破坏人际关系。故B选项“有毒的积极情绪会会破坏人际关系”切题。故选B项。
10．根据下文“If you’re using toxic positivity against yourself, Goodman suggests remembering it’s OK if you’re upset about something. It’s valid if something annoys you. “Allow ourselves and other people to share when they’re going through a difficult time,” she says. Dowd adds that it’s essential that “we all learn to cope with and process our emotions in a healthy way as opposed to avoiding how we feel” as life’s stressors continue to rise.”（古德曼建议，如果你对自己使用了有毒的积极性，记住如果你对某件事感到不安也没关系。如果有什么事惹恼了你，那是有效的。她说：“让我们自己和其他人在经历困难的时候分享。” 古德曼补充道，随着生活压力的不断增加，“我们都必须学会以健康的方式应对和处理自己的情绪，而不是避免自己的感受”）可知，下文是对上文有办法避免有毒的积极性的回答。故A选项“有没有办法避免有毒的积极情绪？”切题。故选A项。
11．G 12．A 13．F 14．B 15．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了遗憾的不同类型，遗憾不必被忽视，要承认遗憾并将其用于学习和进步。
11．上文“It requires that you go back to a past scenario, imagine that you acted differently to change it, and with that new scenario in mind, arrive at a different present—and then, compare that fictional present with the one you are experiencing in reality.(这需要你回到过去的场景，想象你采取了不同的行动来改变它，伴随想象那个新的场景，得出一个不同的现在，然后将虚构的现在与你在现实中经历的现在进行比较)”说明遗憾需要你回到过去的场景，并想象可能发生的改变，G项“例如，如果今天你和伴侣的关系恶化了，你的遗憾可能会让你回到去年。”举例说明遗憾可能会让人回到过去的场景，承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
12．下文“Pink says they come in four basic varieties, and an instance of regret may involve just one or a combination.( Pink说它们有四种基本的变体，而遗憾的例子可能只涉及一种或多种组合)”说明遗憾有不同的类型，A项“当然，并不是所有的遗憾都是一样的。”说明并不是所有的遗憾都一样，引出下文，符合题意。故选A。
13．上文“Many connection regrets overlap with moral regrets, which can come about after you violate your own values.(许多联系遗憾与道德遗憾重叠，道德遗憾可能是在你违反自己的价值观之后产生的)”说明道德遗憾涉及自身，可能在违反自己的价值观后产生，F项“当你吃了一整块披萨或略过健身房时，也许你遗憾没有履行对健康的承诺。”举例说明违反自己价值观后产生的遗憾，承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
14．上文“Pink’s other two categories of regrets involve life choices. Foundation regrets are those in which you did something that affected the course of your life in a way you don’t like. A classic example is wishing you had stayed in school(Pink的另外两类遗憾涉及人生选择。基础遗憾是指你做了一些你不喜欢的事情，影响了你的生活进程。一个典型的例子是，希望自己留在学校)”提出了Pink的另外两类遗憾，且上文提出了基础遗憾，由此推知，空处应提出另一种遗憾。B项“同时，显著的遗憾恰恰相反。”引出下文，符合题意。boldness呼应上文foundation。故选B。
15．下文“Regret is implicated in depression and anxiety, and excessive regret can adversely affect your hormones and immune system.(遗憾与抑郁和焦虑有关，过度遗憾会对你的激素和免疫系统产生不利影响)”说明过度遗憾会影响身体健康，E项“未经分析和管理，任何形式的遗憾都可能对你的健康有害。”说明未经分析和管理的遗憾可能对健康有害，引出下文，符合题意。故选E。
16．B 17．G 18．D 19．E 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了影响艺术价值的三个因素。
16．上文“One thing to remember is that value isn’t only linked to its artist quality.”（需要记住的一点是，价值不仅与艺术家的素质有关。）提到了艺术价值不仅与艺术家的素质有关，空格处的句子应该是一个承上启下的句子，根据下面介绍的影响艺术价值的三个因素可知，空格处的句子的内容应该提到影响艺术价值的因素。而B项“It’s interesting to explore what makes art valuable.（探索是什么让艺术有价值是很有趣的）”填入空格处，可以引起下文，符合题意。故选B项。
17．根据空格后的句子“The masterpiece went from a value of less than $10,000 when David Rockefeller first owned it, to upwards of $72 million when it was later sold by Sotheby’s.（大卫·洛克菲勒最初拥有它时，这幅杰作的价值不到1万美元，后来在苏富比售出时，价格已超过7200万美元）”和句中的the masterpiece可知，空格处的句子应该提到某一杰作。所以G项“For example, Mark Rothko’s White Center was owned by the Rockefeller family, one of America’s most powerful dynasties.（例如，马克·罗斯科的《白色中心》属于洛克菲勒家族——美国最强大的王朝之一）”填入空格处，和下文是顺接关系，符合题意。故选G项。
18．根据该部分的主题“The Thrill of Auction（拍卖的刺激）”可知，该部分是说拍卖对艺术品价值的影响，所以空格处的句子也应该和拍卖有关；再由空格后的句子“They know when to bump up a lot and when to slightly tip the scales.（他们知道什么时候该大刀阔斧，什么时候该略微倾斜）”可知，句中的“他们”对艺术品价值有影响，句中的they指的是谁，空格处的句子应该提到。D项“Auctioneers are skilled salesmen who help raise those prices up and up and up.（拍卖师是熟练的推销员，他们帮助提高价格）”提到了拍卖的事，且下一句中的they就是指的D项中的Auctioneers。故选D项。
19．根据空格后的句子“After all, art is often a reflection of the culture of its time and as it became a product, art was affected by political and historical changes.（毕竟，艺术往往是其时代文化的反映，当它成为一种产品时，艺术受到政治和历史变化的影响）”和句中的after all可知，空格后的句子是对空格处的句子进行解释——当它成为一种产品时，艺术受到政治和历史变化的影响。所以空格处的句子肯定应该提到政治和历史变化对艺术的影响。所以E项“It’s obvious that changes in polities have a historical effect on the value of art to different people.（很明显，政治变局对艺术于不同人群的价值产生了历史影响）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选E项。
20．在最后一段，空格处的句子应该是一个总结性的句子。C项“It seems as though all of these factors combine to determine the value of art.（似乎所有这些因素共同决定了艺术的价值）”说是上面提到的这些因素共同决定了艺术的价值，总结了全文，符合题意。故选C项。
21．G 22．B 23．F 24．C 25．A
【解析】21．上文“It also describes how we try to find ways to look at unclear information in ways that support rather than challenge those beliefs — or simply ignore information that contradicts them. (它还描述了我们如何试图找到方法来看待不清楚的信息，以支持而不是挑战这些信念——或者简单地忽略与它们相矛盾的信息。)”提到关键词information“信息”，空处承接上文，也需要提到information“信息”。G项“对于我们觉得非常重要的事情的信息尤其如此。”中information为原文复现。故选G项。
22．上文“People usually don't engage in confirmation bias on purpose.(人们通常不会故意产生确认偏误。)”提到confirmation bias不常出现；而下文提到confirmation bias在日常生活中的体现，故空处需要表转折。B项 “但是研究发现它是真实存在的，而且会影响我们的判断。”有转折，且it代指前文confirmation bias，符合文意。故选B项。
23．上文“So what can we do to avoid confirmation bias (那么我们能做些什么来避免确认偏误呢？)”作者表示提问，如何避免认知偏见；下文“This can help us check if we only believe certain things because we never seriously considered other possibilities.(这可以帮助我们检查我们是否只相信某些事情，因为我们从来没有认真考虑过其他可能性。)”承接上文，并且由代词this,由此可以推测出，空处承上启下，this指代一种做法。F项“我们能做的一件事就是试图寻找与我们的信念相矛盾的证据。”符合文意。故选F项。
24．下文“It can help us understand that there may be other ways to see the same issue.(它可以帮助我们理解可能有其他方式来看待同一问题。)”中有代词it，且空处承接上文，故空处需要填另一种做法。C项“但是和与我们信仰不同的人交谈是有帮助的。”强调了做法和看事情需要看两面，符合段意。故选C项。
25．上文“And perhaps most importantly: we have to be careful not to jump to conclusions.(也许最重要的是：我们必须小心，不要妄下结论。)”和下文“We should try to learn more before deciding how we feel about something, even if it's very important to us.(在决定我们对某事的感觉之前，我们应该试着了解更多，即使它对我们非常重要。)”均强调不能过于主观。A项“我们最想相信的事情可能不是真的。”为本段意义相近，是在告诉读者如何更好地避免认知误差，符合段意。故选A项。
26．E 27．B 28．G 29．F 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了为什么工作中的界限至关重要。
26．根据下文“If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.(如果你告诉别人这是你的办公室，你的桌子，或你的椅子，你已经试图设置物理边界)”可知，此处在讲述界限的类型。由此可知，E. Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.(界限可以是身体上的、精神上的、情感上的、有形的或无形的)能够衔接下文，符合此处语境。故选E。
27．根据上文“It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的).(物理边界通常更容易理解。情感或精神界限可能更加微妙)”可知，此处在对比物理边界和情感或精神界限。由此可知，B. However, they are equally, if not more, important.(然而，它们即使不是更重要，也同样重要)能够承接上文，其中they指代上文中的“物理边界和情感或精神界限”，符合此处语境。故选B。
28．根据下文“One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday.(其中一个例子就是反复被要求在工作日/周末或假期加班。另一个例子是，我们被要求看太多的客户或病人，以至于我们在一天结束时感到疲惫，到周五就筋疲力尽了)”可知，此处讲述的是我们会被要求做一些超出我们感觉能力范围的事情。由此可知，G. Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.(这种界限经常包括在很长一段时间内被要求做一些超出我们感觉能力范围的事情)能够衔接下文，符合此处语境。故选G。
29．根据上文“For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this.(例如，你看重一种尊重员工和客户、行为合乎道德的职场文化。六个月后，你意识到公司领导的行为一再与此不一致)”及常识可知，当个人价值观和道德标准与公司不一致时，可能会导致内部冲突。由此可知，F. Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal conflict.(你的价值观和道德标准与公司不一致，这可能会导致内部冲突)能够承接上文，符合此处语境。故选F。
30．根据下文“Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards.(边界有很多功能。它们有助于保护我们，明确我们的责任，保持我们的身体和情感能量，并实现我们的价值观和标准)”可知，本段主要介绍的是边界对我们很重要。由此可知，A. Why are boundaries important (为什么界限很重要？)能够统领本段，符合此处语境。故选A。
31．B 32．E 33．C 34．A 35．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出“技术乐观主义”试图用技术解决当前的气候问题，作者用电动汽车的例子来证明这种想法似乎是没用的。改变我们的社会运作方式，以及人们的生活方式才是解决问题的关键所在。
31．根据上文“With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious.(随着气候变化的持续恶化，我们的情况开始变得越来越严重)”可知，气候问题持续恶化，人类的情况开始变得越来越严重。由此推知，人类可能会采取解决气候问题的办法。结合下文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems.(当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主义是最大的误解之一。它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题)”可知，人们试图依靠技术来解决气候问题。B项“The modern world’s simple solution is technology.(现代世界的简单解决方案就是技术)”符合题意。故选B。
32．空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic.(当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主义是最大的误解之一。它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题。这个定义强化了这样一种观点，即没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的能源密集型生活方式。社会所需要做的就是期待绿色技术发挥其魔力)”可知，上文提到了“没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的能源密集型生活方式”这种观点，由此推知，下文应对这种观点进行评价。E项“Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.(不幸的是，这是一个极其危险的观点)”符合题意。故选E。
33．根据上文“One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury.(电动汽车就是这种乐观误解的最好例子之一。尽管电动汽车被高度认为是一种环保的出行方式，但它并不是未来交通的终点。电动汽车中的电池使用的化学元素到本世纪中叶可能会出现短缺)”可知，上文提到了电动汽车的弊端。结合本段主要谈论“乐观误解”推知，空处应继续对电动汽车的弊端进行陈述。C项“Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.(此外，它们的生产更耗能)”符合题意。故选C。
34．空处位于段首，应为本段主旨句或引出本段内容。根据下文“Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars, Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.(投资公共交通，远离个人拥有的车辆。生产更少的汽车，改善旧电池的回收利用做法。我们寻求的解决方案不应该植根于新技术，而应该改变我们社会的运作方式)”可知，作者认为我们应该改变社会的运作方式，这才是解决气候问题的办法。A项“So where should we look for answers instead (那么，我们应该在哪里寻找答案呢？)”符合题意，引出本段内容，下文是对该问题的回答。故选A。
35．根据上文“Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints.(技术乐观主义过于强调技术，而对我们现在能做的事情却不够重视。不幸的是，人们似乎喜欢技术乐观主义所描绘的画面)”和下文“It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. (重要的是要理解，当我们将这些技术视为使我们当前的生活方式环保的一种方式时，问题就开始了)”可知，人们似乎更喜欢依靠技术解决问题，当我们把技术视为当前的环保生活方式时，问题就开始了。由此可知，要解决气候问题，不能只依靠技术，关键是要从很大程度上改变我们的生活方式。G项“Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.(然而，事实是，我们需要广泛改变我们的生活方式)”符合题意。故选G。
36．G 37．D 38．E 39．A 40．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了站姿和坐姿不正确的危害以及调整方式。
36．根据空后“It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it.（它是你身体所有动作的基础，并且能决定你的身体对压力的适应程度。）”可知，空后的it指代的是G项“你的姿势是你坐着或站着的时候你支撑身体的方式。”中的your posture，本空介绍了什么是你的姿势，空后说明姿势的功能，故选G项。
37．根据空前“These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position.（这些压力可以是负重或坐在一个不舒服的位置。）”可知，空前介绍了身体所承受压力有负重和坐在不舒服的位置，故D项“我们每天承受的最大压力就是重力”符合，本空进一步介绍我们每天要承受的压力还有重力，故选D项。
38．根据空前“Some muscles will become tight and inflexible.(一些肌肉会变得紧，变得僵硬。)”可知，E项“而且，不良的姿势会对你的关节造成额外的磨损。”是空前的顺义承接，空前提出了不良姿势会让身体肌肉变得紧，变得僵硬，本空的“Besides”，进一步说明不良姿势会造成关节的额外磨损，故选E项。
39．根据空前“But what if your posture can’t be that great (但是，