人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues复习学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues复习学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-04-30 16:58:13 | ||
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Ⅰ.认阅读单词
1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意
2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境
3．moral dilemma道德困境
4．entrust vt.委托；交付
5．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课
6．tuition fees学费
7．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
8．resident physician住院医师
9．colleague n．同事；同僚
10．faraway adj.遥远的
11．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园
12．insurance n．保险；保险业
13．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
14．export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播
15．pole n．(行星的)极；地极
16．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
17．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆
18．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者
19．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
20．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具
21．maple n．枫树；槭树
22．cart n．手推车；运货马车
23．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出
24．might n．力量；威力
25．fable n．寓言；寓言故事
Ⅱ.记重点单词
1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的
3．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
4．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
5．fee n．专业服务费；报酬
6．union n．协会；联合会；工会
7．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用
8．clinic n．诊所；门诊部
9．decade n．十年；十年期
10．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
11．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版
12．staff n．员工；全体职员
13．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
14．passive adj.被动的；顺从的
15．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
16．midnight n．子夜；午夜
17．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
18．lip n．嘴唇
19．chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长
20．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
21．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
22．tear n．眼泪；泪水
23．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望
24．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
25．income n．收入；收益
26．per prep.每；每一
27．therefore adv.因此；所以
Ⅲ.知拓展单词
1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶
2．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程；少校
3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉
4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复
5．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者
6．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决
7．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的
8．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选
9．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向
10．retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的
11．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.救；节省；储蓄
12．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的
13．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使提高
14．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量
15．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n．更换；更替；替换的人/物
16．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地
17．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转→operator n．操作员；接线员；经营者
18．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助
19．memory n．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆
20．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的
21．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n．灵活性
22．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态
1．compulsory adj.义务的；强制的
2．condemn vt.谴责；使注定
3．conflict vt.冲突；抵触 n．冲突；矛盾
4．conscious adj.神志清醒的；有意识的
5．consequence n．结果；后果
6．conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
7．considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的
8．consistent adj.一贯的；一致的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
2．tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3．first aid急救
4．pass away去世
5．in memory of作为对……的纪念
6．trip over被……绊倒
7．in tears流着泪；含着泪
8．in despair处于绝望中
9．a great deal (of) 大量
10．choose to do sth选择做某事
11．care for喜欢；照顾
12．succeed in doing sth成功地做某事
13．be responsible for为……负责
14．make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事；努力做某事
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)
对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的……
2．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
3．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语)
虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not...until)
林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(whose引导的定语从句)
如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and fainted.Seeing this，her first response was to conduct first aid，but a passer-by 1.whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short hesitation，she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and 2.complained about this for fear of a blackmail(讹诈)．Li Hua became 3.scared.She had no income，savings or insurance.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby caf?．Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts flashing through her mind，she was almost in 4.despair，and therefore could not sleep until midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 5.more precious than life How can you 6.reject your duty and ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in her classroom.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.At last，her tension 7.was replaced with pride.Afterwards，Li Hua was hired by a hospital and accepted by her colleagues quickly.Soon，she was able to perform operations in a wonderful way.A decade later，she was appointed to be chairwoman of the hospital union.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
respond vt.回答；回复 vi.回答；响应；做出反应；回应 (response n．回答；回复；反应)
respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复 in response to对……的答复；对……做出反应 make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答
(1)She made no response(respond) to the principle，which made me boil with anger.
(2)作为对您投诉信的回应，我做出以下承诺。
In response to your letter of complaint，I made the following promises.
(3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately.
appoint vt.任命；委派 (appointment n．约会；任命；预约；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的)
appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约
(1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I have to cancel the appointment(appoint) with you，and I will appoint my brother to meet(meet) you at the airport.
(2)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Association，I sincerely congratulate you.
(3)由于已经和牙医预约，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。(2021·北京，书面表达)
Because I have made/had an appointment with the dentist，I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time.
→Having made/had an appointment with the dentist，I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time.(用having done作状语改写)
scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)
be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事 be scared to death吓得要死 scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
(1)After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.
(2)她被老虎的吼声吓得蜷缩在一棵大树旁，心怦怦直跳。
She was scared into crouching beside a big tree by the shouts of tigers，with her heart pounding.
(3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death.
(4)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)
I bowed my head timidly and was scared to look at my father’s cloudy face.
assist vt.帮助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；援助 assistant n．助手；助理)
assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 come/go to one’s assistance来/去援助某人 with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
(1)Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school，I do believe that I am qualified to be your assistant(assist) and I can assist you with/in your teaching in China.(应用文写作之申请信)
(2)作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。(应用文写作之回复求助信)
In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will assist you with/in your oral English.Firstly，I will assist you to correct/in correcting your pronunciation.
(3)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast，their father came to their assistance.With the assistance of their father/With their father assisting them/with their father’s assistance，the twins made it，their faces brimming with happy smiles.
tear n．眼泪；泪水 vt.(tore，torn)撕破
读后续写之哭的描写： in tears流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水 be close to tears/be on the verge of tears快要哭了 be filled with tears/be brimming with tears泪流满面 be in floods of tears大哭；泪如泉涌
(1)David raised his head and stared at me and tears glistened in his eyes.
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
→David raised his head and stared at me，tears glistening in his eyes.(用独立主格结构改写)
(2)看着这个绝望的女士，我忍不住掉下了眼泪。眼里噙着泪水，我拥抱她，尽力安慰她。她把头靠在我的肩膀上，大哭起来，哭诉着她自己的不幸遭遇。
Seeing the woman in despair，I couldn’t fight/hold back tears.With my eyes in tears，I tried to comfort her by hugging her.She rested her head on my shoulder and burst into tears，sobbing out the story of her unfortunate experience.
(3)妈妈不经允许就撕开我的信，我捶胸痛哭。
My mother tore my letter open without my permission and I wailed with my fists beating my chest.
harm n．& vt.伤害；损害；危害 (harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的)
do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害 There is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。 be harmful to对……有害
(1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful to children but harmless(harm) to adults.
(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙)
Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health. Therefore，there is no harm (in) getting rid of it.
a great/good deal (of) 许多的；大量
a great/good deal of许多的，大量的，只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用a great many (of)。 a great/good deal用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。 a great/good deal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。
(1)尽管大卫比其他孩子跑得慢得多，但他成功到达终点线，脸上洋溢着坚定的微笑。许多孩子情不自禁地为他鼓掌。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Although David ran a great/good deal slower than the other kids，he made it to the finish line with a determined smile brimming on his face.A great many of the kids couldn’t resist applauding him.
(2)他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从中学到了很多东西。
He spent a great/good deal of time with the poor families，and he learned a great/good deal from the experience.
“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的……
本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为：没有比……更……的了。
(1)对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。(读后续写之升华句)
To us，nothing is more important than passing on kindness to those in trouble.
(2)我深信没人比我们班长更适合在幼儿园帮你的了。(应用文写作之推荐信)
I hold the strong belief that nobody is more suitable to assist you in the kindergarten than our monitor.
(3)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly.
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
此句中的不定式to be hired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the only，the last，the right等，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。
(1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed.
(2)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
John was the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty.
(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信)
I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study.There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job.
(4)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。
I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen each other’s understanding.
1．New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life—and if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.(2022·浙江1月)
新的研究发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%——如果她们真的患了痴呆症，也会比不爱运动的女性晚十年。
2．When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest，she decided it was time to take the plunge.(2022·全国甲)
当她不再跳舞时，她的儿子们也已经长大成人了，她认为是尝试有挑战性的事情的时候了。
3．Think of a rubber band.In the beginning，it is flexible，but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
想想橡皮筋，起初，它是有弹性的，但是把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变干且易碎。
4．As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform，I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him，just as our lizard had.(2021·天津3月)
当我看着他脱下篮球服再换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。
5．When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women，or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(2021·全国甲)
当这个俱乐部之外的天才——女性或不同肤色、不同信仰的人们——做出贡献时，他们就不被认可，并遭到其他人的拒绝。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．sharp
A.adj.急剧的 B.adj.敏锐的 C.adj.锋利的 D.adv.整点地 E.adj.急转的 F.adj.清晰的
(1)She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes. B
(2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town. A
(3)I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left. E
(4)She planned to unlock the shop at 8∶00 sharp the next morning. D
(5)All the footprints are quite sharp and clear. F
(6)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting potatoes. C
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)He often tends the flower beds that he has planted in the driveway.料理；照顾
(2)The operation of this machine seems to be simple but in fact it isn’t.操作
(3)I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own behaviors.寓意
(4)We will play basketball for half an hour in a basketball court.球场
(5)When we tear one page from the calendar，it means our life has been shortened by one day.撕掉
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．It’s typical of him to respond to others’ requests in spite of his own business.
2．The majority(major) of students show great respect for their teachers.
3．His colleagues assisted him to decorate(decorate) the house for his wedding.
4．We appointed her to represent(represent) us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony.
5．The boys set off firecrackers to scare the monkeys into running away.
6．When the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced by/with a serious one.
7. After all，it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weaknesses to do harm to them.
8．To his surprise，he found a great deal of money in the envelope.
9. After all，some festivals are held in memory of the ancestors.
10．I have never experienced a more exciting(exciting) moment than now.
Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
感谢信——感激被任命为学生会主席
1．感谢您任命我为学生会主席。(appoint)
Thank you for appointing me to be/as chairman of the Student Council.
2．我会是第一个帮助那些有困难的同学解决他们困境的人。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do；assist sb to do)
I will be the first one to assist those in trouble to solve their dilemmas.
3．我将耐心回答其他人的问题，并且不遗余力地提供许多实用的建议。(respond to；a great deal of)
I will respond to others’ questions patiently and spare no effort to provide a great deal of practical advice.
4．我不害怕面对各种困难。(be scared to do)
I am not scared to face various hardships.
5．通过我巨大的努力，我相信没人比我是更负责、更称职的主席了。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)
Through my great efforts，I believe nobody can be a more responsible and qualified chairman than me.
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
教材续写语料
1．情感描写
passive adj.被动的；顺从的
despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望
complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉
scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的
tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的
in tears流着泪；含着泪
2．动作描写
faint vi.昏倒；晕厥
whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
replace vt.接替；取代；更换
assist vt.帮助；援助
tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
trip over被……绊倒
续写语料运用
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。
苏珊遭遇车祸，昏迷了。她永久失明了，这使她陷入了愤怒、绝望、抱怨和自怜的世界中。她整天愁眉苦脸，以泪洗面，心如刀割。她的丈夫马克细致入微地照顾她，决定帮助她重获力量和信心，走出如此被动的困境。苏珊的焦虑逐渐被信心代替了。她柔声低语道：“马克，谢谢你。正是你帮我渡过了难关。”
Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She was blind forever，throwing her into a world of anger，despair，complaint and self-pity.All day long she frowned，grieved and was bathed in tears，feeling as if a knife were piercing her heart.Her husband，Mark，tended (to) her with great care and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma.Gradually，Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence.She whispered gently，“Mark，thank you.It is you that/who carry me through the tough situation.”
1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意
2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境
3．moral dilemma道德困境
4．entrust vt.委托；交付
5．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课
6．tuition fees学费
7．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
8．resident physician住院医师
9．colleague n．同事；同僚
10．faraway adj.遥远的
11．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园
12．insurance n．保险；保险业
13．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
14．export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播
15．pole n．(行星的)极；地极
16．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
17．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆
18．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者
19．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
20．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具
21．maple n．枫树；槭树
22．cart n．手推车；运货马车
23．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出
24．might n．力量；威力
25．fable n．寓言；寓言故事
Ⅱ.记重点单词
1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的
3．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
4．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
5．fee n．专业服务费；报酬
6．union n．协会；联合会；工会
7．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用
8．clinic n．诊所；门诊部
9．decade n．十年；十年期
10．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
11．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版
12．staff n．员工；全体职员
13．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
14．passive adj.被动的；顺从的
15．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
16．midnight n．子夜；午夜
17．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
18．lip n．嘴唇
19．chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长
20．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
21．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
22．tear n．眼泪；泪水
23．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望
24．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
25．income n．收入；收益
26．per prep.每；每一
27．therefore adv.因此；所以
Ⅲ.知拓展单词
1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶
2．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程；少校
3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉
4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复
5．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者
6．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决
7．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的
8．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选
9．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向
10．retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的
11．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.救；节省；储蓄
12．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的
13．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使提高
14．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量
15．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n．更换；更替；替换的人/物
16．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地
17．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转→operator n．操作员；接线员；经营者
18．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助
19．memory n．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆
20．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的
21．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n．灵活性
22．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态
1．compulsory adj.义务的；强制的
2．condemn vt.谴责；使注定
3．conflict vt.冲突；抵触 n．冲突；矛盾
4．conscious adj.神志清醒的；有意识的
5．consequence n．结果；后果
6．conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
7．considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的
8．consistent adj.一贯的；一致的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
2．tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3．first aid急救
4．pass away去世
5．in memory of作为对……的纪念
6．trip over被……绊倒
7．in tears流着泪；含着泪
8．in despair处于绝望中
9．a great deal (of) 大量
10．choose to do sth选择做某事
11．care for喜欢；照顾
12．succeed in doing sth成功地做某事
13．be responsible for为……负责
14．make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事；努力做某事
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)
对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的……
2．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
3．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语)
虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not...until)
林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(whose引导的定语从句)
如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and fainted.Seeing this，her first response was to conduct first aid，but a passer-by 1.whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short hesitation，she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and 2.complained about this for fear of a blackmail(讹诈)．Li Hua became 3.scared.She had no income，savings or insurance.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby caf?．Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts flashing through her mind，she was almost in 4.despair，and therefore could not sleep until midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 5.more precious than life How can you 6.reject your duty and ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in her classroom.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.At last，her tension 7.was replaced with pride.Afterwards，Li Hua was hired by a hospital and accepted by her colleagues quickly.Soon，she was able to perform operations in a wonderful way.A decade later，she was appointed to be chairwoman of the hospital union.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
respond vt.回答；回复 vi.回答；响应；做出反应；回应 (response n．回答；回复；反应)
respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复 in response to对……的答复；对……做出反应 make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答
(1)She made no response(respond) to the principle，which made me boil with anger.
(2)作为对您投诉信的回应，我做出以下承诺。
In response to your letter of complaint，I made the following promises.
(3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately.
appoint vt.任命；委派 (appointment n．约会；任命；预约；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的)
appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约
(1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I have to cancel the appointment(appoint) with you，and I will appoint my brother to meet(meet) you at the airport.
(2)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Association，I sincerely congratulate you.
(3)由于已经和牙医预约，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。(2021·北京，书面表达)
Because I have made/had an appointment with the dentist，I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time.
→Having made/had an appointment with the dentist，I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time.(用having done作状语改写)
scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)
be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事 be scared to death吓得要死 scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
(1)After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.
(2)她被老虎的吼声吓得蜷缩在一棵大树旁，心怦怦直跳。
She was scared into crouching beside a big tree by the shouts of tigers，with her heart pounding.
(3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death.
(4)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)
I bowed my head timidly and was scared to look at my father’s cloudy face.
assist vt.帮助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；援助 assistant n．助手；助理)
assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 come/go to one’s assistance来/去援助某人 with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
(1)Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school，I do believe that I am qualified to be your assistant(assist) and I can assist you with/in your teaching in China.(应用文写作之申请信)
(2)作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。(应用文写作之回复求助信)
In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will assist you with/in your oral English.Firstly，I will assist you to correct/in correcting your pronunciation.
(3)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast，their father came to their assistance.With the assistance of their father/With their father assisting them/with their father’s assistance，the twins made it，their faces brimming with happy smiles.
tear n．眼泪；泪水 vt.(tore，torn)撕破
读后续写之哭的描写： in tears流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水 be close to tears/be on the verge of tears快要哭了 be filled with tears/be brimming with tears泪流满面 be in floods of tears大哭；泪如泉涌
(1)David raised his head and stared at me and tears glistened in his eyes.
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
→David raised his head and stared at me，tears glistening in his eyes.(用独立主格结构改写)
(2)看着这个绝望的女士，我忍不住掉下了眼泪。眼里噙着泪水，我拥抱她，尽力安慰她。她把头靠在我的肩膀上，大哭起来，哭诉着她自己的不幸遭遇。
Seeing the woman in despair，I couldn’t fight/hold back tears.With my eyes in tears，I tried to comfort her by hugging her.She rested her head on my shoulder and burst into tears，sobbing out the story of her unfortunate experience.
(3)妈妈不经允许就撕开我的信，我捶胸痛哭。
My mother tore my letter open without my permission and I wailed with my fists beating my chest.
harm n．& vt.伤害；损害；危害 (harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的)
do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害 There is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。 be harmful to对……有害
(1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful to children but harmless(harm) to adults.
(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙)
Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health. Therefore，there is no harm (in) getting rid of it.
a great/good deal (of) 许多的；大量
a great/good deal of许多的，大量的，只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用a great many (of)。 a great/good deal用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。 a great/good deal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。
(1)尽管大卫比其他孩子跑得慢得多，但他成功到达终点线，脸上洋溢着坚定的微笑。许多孩子情不自禁地为他鼓掌。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Although David ran a great/good deal slower than the other kids，he made it to the finish line with a determined smile brimming on his face.A great many of the kids couldn’t resist applauding him.
(2)他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从中学到了很多东西。
He spent a great/good deal of time with the poor families，and he learned a great/good deal from the experience.
“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的……
本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为：没有比……更……的了。
(1)对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。(读后续写之升华句)
To us，nothing is more important than passing on kindness to those in trouble.
(2)我深信没人比我们班长更适合在幼儿园帮你的了。(应用文写作之推荐信)
I hold the strong belief that nobody is more suitable to assist you in the kindergarten than our monitor.
(3)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly.
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
此句中的不定式to be hired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the only，the last，the right等，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。
(1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed.
(2)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
John was the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty.
(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信)
I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study.There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job.
(4)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。
I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen each other’s understanding.
1．New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life—and if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.(2022·浙江1月)
新的研究发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%——如果她们真的患了痴呆症，也会比不爱运动的女性晚十年。
2．When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest，she decided it was time to take the plunge.(2022·全国甲)
当她不再跳舞时，她的儿子们也已经长大成人了，她认为是尝试有挑战性的事情的时候了。
3．Think of a rubber band.In the beginning，it is flexible，but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
想想橡皮筋，起初，它是有弹性的，但是把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变干且易碎。
4．As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform，I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him，just as our lizard had.(2021·天津3月)
当我看着他脱下篮球服再换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。
5．When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women，or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(2021·全国甲)
当这个俱乐部之外的天才——女性或不同肤色、不同信仰的人们——做出贡献时，他们就不被认可，并遭到其他人的拒绝。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．sharp
A.adj.急剧的 B.adj.敏锐的 C.adj.锋利的 D.adv.整点地 E.adj.急转的 F.adj.清晰的
(1)She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes. B
(2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town. A
(3)I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left. E
(4)She planned to unlock the shop at 8∶00 sharp the next morning. D
(5)All the footprints are quite sharp and clear. F
(6)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting potatoes. C
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)He often tends the flower beds that he has planted in the driveway.料理；照顾
(2)The operation of this machine seems to be simple but in fact it isn’t.操作
(3)I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own behaviors.寓意
(4)We will play basketball for half an hour in a basketball court.球场
(5)When we tear one page from the calendar，it means our life has been shortened by one day.撕掉
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．It’s typical of him to respond to others’ requests in spite of his own business.
2．The majority(major) of students show great respect for their teachers.
3．His colleagues assisted him to decorate(decorate) the house for his wedding.
4．We appointed her to represent(represent) us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony.
5．The boys set off firecrackers to scare the monkeys into running away.
6．When the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced by/with a serious one.
7. After all，it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weaknesses to do harm to them.
8．To his surprise，he found a great deal of money in the envelope.
9. After all，some festivals are held in memory of the ancestors.
10．I have never experienced a more exciting(exciting) moment than now.
Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
感谢信——感激被任命为学生会主席
1．感谢您任命我为学生会主席。(appoint)
Thank you for appointing me to be/as chairman of the Student Council.
2．我会是第一个帮助那些有困难的同学解决他们困境的人。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do；assist sb to do)
I will be the first one to assist those in trouble to solve their dilemmas.
3．我将耐心回答其他人的问题，并且不遗余力地提供许多实用的建议。(respond to；a great deal of)
I will respond to others’ questions patiently and spare no effort to provide a great deal of practical advice.
4．我不害怕面对各种困难。(be scared to do)
I am not scared to face various hardships.
5．通过我巨大的努力，我相信没人比我是更负责、更称职的主席了。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)
Through my great efforts，I believe nobody can be a more responsible and qualified chairman than me.
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
教材续写语料
1．情感描写
passive adj.被动的；顺从的
despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望
complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉
scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的
tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的
in tears流着泪；含着泪
2．动作描写
faint vi.昏倒；晕厥
whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
replace vt.接替；取代；更换
assist vt.帮助；援助
tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
trip over被……绊倒
续写语料运用
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。
苏珊遭遇车祸，昏迷了。她永久失明了，这使她陷入了愤怒、绝望、抱怨和自怜的世界中。她整天愁眉苦脸，以泪洗面，心如刀割。她的丈夫马克细致入微地照顾她，决定帮助她重获力量和信心，走出如此被动的困境。苏珊的焦虑逐渐被信心代替了。她柔声低语道：“马克，谢谢你。正是你帮我渡过了难关。”
Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She was blind forever，throwing her into a world of anger，despair，complaint and self-pity.All day long she frowned，grieved and was bathed in tears，feeling as if a knife were piercing her heart.Her husband，Mark，tended (to) her with great care and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma.Gradually，Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence.She whispered gently，“Mark，thank you.It is you that/who carry me through the tough situation.”