北京高考英语阅读表达专项训练（含解析）

阅读表达
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for long periods even if you also exercise regularly could be bad for your health. And it doesn’t matter where the sitting takes place at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it occurs. Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial published this week in the British Joumal of Sports Medicine, Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position. “After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send harmful signals,” said Ekblom-Bak. She explained that sitting too long slows the metabolism-which affects our ability to regulate blood sugar and blood pressure, and metabolise fat-and may cause weaker muscles and bones.
Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day-but still spend much time sitting-might get more benefits if that exercise was spread across the day, rather than in a single bout (一回).
Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset (抵消) those effects.
“People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits,” Ekblom-Bak said. “But when they are in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible,” she said.
1．What are the possible bad effects of sitting for a long time
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2．What is the next step for the current research on sitting long hours
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3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sitting for long periods is bad for your health. However, doing exercise once a day is enough to get rid of the impact of sitting too much.
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4．What habits do you think are good for your health Why
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Before ending upon a supermarket shelf, an avocado(牛油果) has produced 1.3 kilograms of carbon into the atmosphere. Its production alone consumes 60 gallons of water. Despite this, the fruit will often be thrown away as household waste.
Household food waste is the result of mismanagement. Much of the waste is avoidable and the food may have been eaten had it been better managed. To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers decide to remove date labelling(标签), such as the “use-by” or “best-before” date, from some fresh food items.
Past studies have confirmed the importance of date labelling. Almost 60% of western European consumers surveyed said they “always” check date labels while purchasing. But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making. Indeed, consumers commonly don’t accept edible(可食用的), but date-expired(过期的) food.
The removal of date labelling is therefore a promising start. Without date labels, information that may affect consumers’ understanding of what is edible, is removed. Instead, consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items.
In the case of an avocado, the advice given to consumers is that when ripe, it should have a “pleasant and slightly sweet aroma(气味)”, while the skin should be “dark green or brown”. Information is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date.
5．What do food retailers decide to do to reduce household food waste
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6．Why has date labelling long been criticized
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7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.
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8．Once date labels are removed from some fresh food items, what problem(s) might be caused (In about 40 words)
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The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smart phones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
9．What makes writing by hand a thing of the past
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10．What did Berninger’s study published in 2009 focus on
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11．Decide which part is false and underline it and explain.
Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It has no linking with ideas.
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12．What’s your idea about spelling plays an important role in our daily life Explain why.( In about 40 words)
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In the summer of 2016, the ship MV Treasure sunk, creating an oil spill. Thirteen hundred tons of fuel oil were flowing right in the middle of the African Penguins’ habitat. Soon the oil covered about 20,000 penguins. Without swift help, the seabirds would have no chance of survival. Volunteers were showing up by the thousands and I also took part in what was the largest animal rescue operation ever.
A warehouse was turned into a rescue center near the habitat and hundreds of pools were built to hold about 100 oiled birds each. When walking into the center, I couldn’t believe my ears. I had expected to walk into a chorus of honking and squawking (尖声叫). Instead, the center sounded like a library. The penguins were dead silent. My heart ached for the painful birds. Cleaning them all seemed like an impossible task. But we had to carry on like doctors in an emergency room. There was no time for doubt. Cleaning oil off a penguin wasn’t easy. Even with more than 12,500 volunteers, it took a month to bathe all 20,000 birds at the center.
While volunteers were busy bathing the oiled penguins, another crisis was developing. Oil from the spill had started moving north. Tens of thousands of penguins were in the oil’s path. But we already had our hands full with 20,000 recovering birds. If any more birds were oiled, we wouldn’t have enough resources to save them.
One researcher came up with an idea: What if the penguins were temporarily moved out of harm’s way Experts decided to have a try. Volunteers rounded up the penguins and released them 500 miles away. The hope was that by the time the seabirds swam home, the oil would be gone. The plan worked! Another 20,000 penguins were saved.
The entire penguin rescue took about three months. More than 90% of the oiled penguins were successfully returned to the wild. Looking back on the rescue, I am still amazed by the work of the volunteers. What I could hardly believe was that we accomplished an impossible task.
13．What threatened the African penguins’ lives
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14．How did the author feel when walking into the rescue center
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15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Volunteers could save the penguins in the oil’s path because they cleaned the polluted habitat together.
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16．What do you think of the rescue Give your reasons. (In about 40 words)
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The Best Response to Criticism
When someone criticizes you, your natural reaction is mostly to feel bad about it or defend yourself. If you lack confidence or if you have no clear opinion about yourself, you may also feel pain and even accept the criticism as true. Living in this world, we have to deal with the opinions of others and keep ourselves safe from their negativity.
Sometimes, you will face genuine criticism from others. If you are too caught up in defensive attitude and not being open minded, you may not receive the criticism well and may not perceive the truth in it. When you are criticized, remember that your opinion of yourself is probably more genuine than the opinion of another who does not know you as much as you know about you.
Yet, we give so much importance to what others say and what they think about us. It is natural because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are. The truth is, in many respects, criticism is a reflection of the person who indulges in it rather than you. A critic’s criticism reveals more about him and his judgment rather than the object of his criticism.
Criticism is a personal opinion of the critic. It very much depends upon the person, his or her thinking, beliefs, knowledge, attitude and values. It is a product of his worldview, upbringing, values, beliefs, likes and dislikes, knowledge and ignorance. It also depends upon his relationship and attitude towards the person for whom the criticism is intended.
A criticism which is not based upon true discernment（识别能力）and purity of perception and judgment should not be considered true criticism. You can ignore it or use it to know the people who criticize.
Every criticism helps you know about you or those who engage in it. Use it to improve yourself or your relationships. If you understand this truth, you will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.
17．According to this passage, what is the natural reaction when one gets criticized
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18．Why do we give so much importance to what others say and what they think about us
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19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Since every criticism is a personal opinion of the critic, it is not helpful for us.
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20．How do you usually respond to criticism （In about 40 words）
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Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
21．What did Tom witness at his own school
22．Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle
23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
24．Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us Why (In about 40 words)
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Panda Pride
Pandas are not only a national treasure, but are loved around the world.
Recently, a giant panda cub (幼崽) born in August at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo, US, was given the name Xiao Qi Ji, which is translated into English as “little miracle”. The choice was the result of a five-day online vote that drew nearly 135,000 voters in the US.
This cub’s birth proved to be quite inspiring—and at a time when inspiration was truly needed. “Xiao Qi Ji’s birth is a true miracle that has been so uplifting to all of us during the pandemic,” Chinese Ambassador to the US Cui Tiankai said in a video congratulatory message. “We are connected again in the growth of our little ambassador, and in our shared joy and friendship.”
The furry black-and-white animals have played an important role in China’s diplomacy, known as “panda diplomacy”.
In the 1950s, China sent pandas as gifts to friendly countries with no strings attached. The most successful donation being that of two pandas to the US in 1972, a move announced during President Richard Nixon’s historic visit to China which marked the beginning of normalized Sino-US relations.
By 1982, China had given 23 pandas to nine different countries. However, most of them have died mainly because they don’t have enough to eat. Adult giant pandas consume about 40 kilograms of fresh bamboo daily. It takes 10 years for a new crop of bamboo to mature, and many countries do not have an environment suitable for bamboo growth.
In acknowledgement of the decline in panda numbers, the Chinese government stopped giving them as gifts. Instead the animals were “loaned”, usually via renewable 10-year rental terms. If a foreign zoo wants to rent a panda, it must first draw up a feasible research program that will help panda conservation. China also banned any form of overseas panda tours for private profit.
The nature of panda exchanges since then has changed into an exercise focused on protecting the species through collaborative research. The government is hoping that cooperation between Chinese and foreign scientists can develop new ways of saving the panda and the entire $1 million annual rental fee goes toward protection and research.
Countries are trying their best to facilitate this special type of diplomacy. “We don’t own the pandas, but the whole world wants to help save the panda, and we do that through our knowledge exchange. The concern for the vulnerable animal unites all citizens regardless of nationality, class or political persuasion.” Steven Monfort, director of the Smithsonian’s National Zoo, told China Daily.
25．Why is Xiao Qi Ji, the giant panda cub’s birth so inspiring
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26．What may cause the death of pandas in other countries
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27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Pandas were loaned to other countries to make profit and boost domestic economy.
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28．Apart from pandas, what else can be a cultural ambassador representing China Name one and explain how it may help China improve international relations. (about 40 words)
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One of the basic expectations the public have of doctors is honesty. But what would you think if I told you that research has shown that 70 percent of doctors admitted to lying to their patients It is inexcusable, surely Extremely unprofessional and uncaring; a clear break of the doctor-patient relationship. Some of the lies told included reassuring patients that their wives or husbands were still alive, when in fact they were dead. This seems unimaginable but, if I am honest, I have told exactly the same lie to several patients whose spouses had died. Mrs. Walton was in her eighties and desperate to see her husband. She’d been in hospital after a fall and was in pain. She called out for him frequently and couldn’t understand why he wasn’t there to comfort her. She was becoming more and more distressed and would try to get up to find him, despite being at risk of falling again.
“He’s on his way, don’t worry,” the nurses would say and this would calm her down. I confess I said the same thing to her. She’d smile and roll her eyes and say how he was always late for things and tell the same story about him being late for their wedding nearly 60 years ago. But he wasn’t on his way. It was a lie. He’d died two years ago. The truth, if I can use that word, is that it is a kindness to lie sometimes.
Part of the natural history of many of the dementias, in particular Alzheimer’s disease which is what Mrs. Walton had, is that the sufferer loses their short-term memory and the memory of recent events, but retains memories from the distant past. Sufferers are trapped forever in a bewildering past that many realise bares little connection to the present, but are at a loss to explain. It is very distressing and tormenting and many of the behavioural difficulties that I have encountered in those with dementia relate to them feeling upset, scared and confused that they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people, even when they are in their own homes surrounded by their family, because they have returned back to decades ago.
They look at their adult children confused and wonder who they could be because they think their children are still toddlers. How does one deal with this I have had countless families break down in tears in outpatient clinics or on wards, not knowing what to say or how to react as their loved one moves further and further away from them back into their distant past and they are left behind in the present. And how, as the doctor or nurse caring for these patients, does one manage the anger and outbursts of distress that comes with having no knowledge of your life for the past 10 or 20 years The lies that doctors, nurses, carers and families tell these patients are not big, elaborate lies — they are brief reassurances intended to calm and allow the subject to be swiftly changed.
Colluding (串通) with them about this false reality they find themselves flung into is not heartless or unprofessional — it is, when done in the right way, kind and tender-hearted. That’s not to say that lying to patients with dementia unnecessarily is right or defensible or that there are not times when of course they have the right to know the truth. But what compassionate person would put another human being through the unimaginable pain of learning, for the first time again and again, repeatedly throughout the day, that their beloved one has died. It would be an unthinkable cruelness.
Sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy.
29．Write a title for this article.
30．Why do people with dementia feel upset, scared, and confused even when they are in their own homes surrounded by their family
31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients and the author also believes that it is heartless and unprofessional to lie to patients.
32．The author says sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy. Do you agree or disagree Why (In about 40 words)
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Is it possible to improve your brain function The answer is “yes”.
Information in your brain is collected, stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time when you are growing into a baby. To keep our memory healthy, we need to create new pathways continually.
As we age, our lifestyles often change, stopping those pathways from being developed. Two frequent changes are a decrease in exercise and less attention to our diet, which have a negative effect on our brain and memory. Our brain requires consistent stimulation, regardless of our age, and looking for ways to excite the production of new pathways is critical. Just like your physical muscles need to be used in different ways to make them stronger, our brain needs change to help challenge its abilities.
One simple way to stimulate the production of new pathways is trying something new.
Challenge your brain with puzzles, a new language or learning how to play an instrument. Anything different and new can stimulate your brain and memory. The best activities are the ones outside of your comfort zone. They push you as you develop new neural pathways. The effort involved in learning and committing to memory a new skill, with new terms and language, is a great way to exercise your brain.
Another way to stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise. When you exercise your body, you are also working out your mind, because regular activity helps to improve the chemicals in your brain and to protect brain cells.
33．According to the passage, what can negatively affect our brain and memory
34．Why are the best activities the ones outside of your comfort zone
35．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The two ways mentioned in the passage to help create new pathways are trying something new and exercising your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks.
36．What else can you do to improve your brain function (In about 40 words)
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I’m addicted to volunteering. Is that selfish
“You can use me as a last resort, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse club.
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
37．What is the parent’s attitude towards the request for volunteers
38．How do the parents feel in the process of volunteering
39．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The writer admits volunteering is of a selfish act because her motivation lies in the material rewards.
40．Briefly present the benefits that a memorable volunteering experience brings to you. (In about 40 words)
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Almost every community in the world has some form of rules and some way of carrying them out. A community is a group of people who are united by a number of factors, including geography, language, and values. So why do we have rules, and what makes people follow them Studies have suggested that the reason we don’t like cheating and rule-breaking is that fairness is programmed into our brains. They have found that the brain reacts in a particular way when we feel we are being treated unfairly. The findings concluded that fairness is a basic human need along with food and social contact.
Our sense of fairness depends on the influences in our culture, the immediate situation we are in, and our own self-interest. Arriving at a feeling of fairness means considering different, often conflicting, points of view. Regardless of the disagreement, people almost always need to compromise. But it can be difficult to arrive at a compromise (妥协) when there are conflicting interests. This is why communities have rules that everyone must follow.
Social controls are an important factor in setting and following rules. They influence the way we behave and can be internal or external. Internal controls come from within and are based on our values and fears. Most of us don’t steal, for example, because we believe that theft is unfair and wrong. In other words, our internal controls keep us from behaving in ways that cause conflict.
External controls include rewards and punishments. They do not come from within but are implemented by an authority — this could be the government, the police, a teacher or parents, depending on the situation. Rewards, such as job promotions, awards, and praise, are designed to encourage people to behave and act in the interest of the whole community. Punishments, such as public embarrassment, fines, and even imprisonment can prevent people from acting against the community’s best interests.
People need their communities to function smoothly. Because of this, humans most often behave in orderly, fair, and predictable ways. If there were no rules, the majority of people would probably continue to interact positively. However, there would always be a minority who would not, with serious consequences. This is why a society without rules is unlikely to become a reality any time soon — at least not in the real world. (390 words)
41．Why do we have rules and follow them
42．How do social controls influence our behavior
43．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then change it and explain why.
Our internal control comes from rewards and punishments from an authority like our school.
44．If you could change a rule at your school/home/community, which one would you like to change Why (In about 40 words)
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The Power of Determination
Your quest for success and happiness begins with right intentions. It culminates (达到顶点) when you reach your chosen goals. What sustains your effort in between is your determination. What carries you towards your goals is your determination. It means the firmness of purpose or intention.
If there is one gift that you can give to yourself in your life to be what you want to be, it is the power of determination. Without it you are a mere passive spectator in the drama of your life. If there is one quality that makes a difference between a winner and a loser or a leader and a follower, it is the power of determination. Without it, you may dream wild dreams, but you will not accomplish much in life. If you have determination, nothing can stop you and deter you from following your course of action to achieve your goals or realize your dreams.
Obstacles may arise and obstruct your progress. They may delay your success, disturb you temporarily, and may even mislead you, but they cannot withstand the power of determination. It is the power that you generate within yourself to remain committed to your path and conviction, and march towards your cherished goals. Before you take up any project or goal, you should know whether you have the determination to stick to your plans and reach your goals. Your determination has to arise from within and derive its reinforcement from your thinking and beliefs rather than circumstances. Only then will you be able to sustain your effort, even when the going gets tough. Determination is your inner strength. Like the hardwood inside a tree, it gives you the power to stand tall and face the winds of turmoil.
With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you. You can find your way through the most difficult situations. Determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. He is not interested in being tough for toughness sake, but to overcome obstacles and reach his goals. Hence, he remains open-minded about possibilities and opportunities, but firm in his commitment and convictions. Discipline and determination go together. If you have them, you become unstoppable.
45．According to the passage, what is determination
46．What would happen if one does not have determination
47．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes.
48．How does being determined benefit you (In about 40 words)
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So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person, from busy schedules to long distances to a rather unexpected pandemic (流行病). Fortunately, thanks to modem technology, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you’re someone who prefers typed out messages to verbal ones, you may want to reconsider. According to science, if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to, you should call them instead of texting.
A new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.
In the study, researchers used various experiments to gauge connectedness. In one, they asked 20 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then assigned it on people at random to do one or the other. Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better. “People reported they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email, and they did not feel more awkward,” study co-author Amit Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business, said in a statement.
In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connect by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication -whether video or audio only-made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via texting.
Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “correspond information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person”.
Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message” she explains. “Each party is more present, and therefore able to gauge the meaning behind the content without thinking about the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuations.”
49．What did the new study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology find
50．In the first experiment mentioned in the passage, how do people feel actually when they connected with an old friend by phone
51．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to Romanoff, the convenience of text or email lie in its controlled form of communication while a phone call is more convenient because of its instant access.
52．If you are going to reconnect old friends, will you text them or call them directly Why (In about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. Previous research has shown that culture can affect not only language and custom, but also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures, for example, condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities (实体), whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence.
Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. Chih-Mao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States and East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual’s face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.
The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception (感知), attention, and reasoning in the offline world.
“We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia,” said Park.
The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.
“Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics, private thoughts, and social behaviors,” noted Huang. “As such, the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform.”
53．What may an online profile photo reflect
54．According to the research, how are American and East Asian Facebook users different in choosing their profile photos
55．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of America.
56．Apart from cultural differences, what other factors might influence one’s choice of profile photo on social media
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
In life, once on a path, we tend to follow it, for better or worse. What’s sad is that even if it’s the latter, we often follow a certain path anyway because we are so used to the way things are that we don’t even recognize that they could be different. Psychologists call this phenomenon functional fixedness.
This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works — and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap:
People are given a box of tacks (大头钉) and some matches and asked to find a way to attach a candle to a wall so that it burns properly. Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with melted wax (石蜡). The tacks are too short, and the candle doesn’t fasten to the wall. So how can you accomplish the task The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall, and stand the candle inside it.
To think of that, you have to look beyond the box’s usual role as a container just for tacks and reimagine it serving an entirely new purpose. That is difficult because we all suffer — to one degree or another — from functional fixedness. The inability to think in new ways affects people in every corner of society. The political theorist Hannah Arend coined the phrase frozen thoughts to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer question but should. In Arendt’s eyes, the complacent reliance on such accepted “truths” also made people blind to ideas that didn’t fit their worldview, even when there was ample evidence for them. Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence, she said, “It can be found in highly intelligent people.”
Another context in which frozen thinking can turn truly dangerous is medicine. If you land in the hospital, it’s natural to want to be treated by the most experienced physicians on staff. But according to a 2014 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), you’d be better off being treated by the relative novices.
57．What does “functional fixedness” mean
58．How is the candle attached to the wall
59．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Frozen thinking is common among ordinary people but less found in those with high IQ.
60．How can you avoid frozen thoughts in your daily life (In about 40 words)
参考答案：
1．They are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die. 2．More research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects. 3．Because even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. 4．We should not sit still for a long time and try to break the sitting time as much as possible, because sitting for a long time does great harm to our health.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，一天中大部分时间坐着的人更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡，久坐对我们的身体有着很大的伤害。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.(几项研究表明，一天中大部分时间坐着的人更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡)”可知，久坐的人可能更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡。故答案为They are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
2．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset (抵消) those effects.(专家表示，需要更多的研究来弄清楚坐多久是危险的，以及怎样才能抵消这些影响)”可知，目前关于久坐的研究的下一步是需要更多的研究来弄清楚坐多久是危险的，以及怎样才能抵消这些影响。故答案为More research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day-but still spend much time sitting-might get more benefits if that exercise was spread across the day, rather than in a single bout.(即使对经常锻炼的人来说，长时间坐在办公桌前也是有害的。世界卫生组织的体育运动专家蒂姆 阿姆斯特朗说，每天锻炼但仍有很多时间坐着的人，如果把锻炼时间分散到一天中，而不是一回合，可能会获得更多好处)”可知，在下列陈述中，每天做一次运动就足以摆脱久坐的影响这个说法是错误的，因为即使对经常锻炼的人来说，长时间坐在办公桌前也是有害的。故答案为Because even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful.
4．考查推理判断。根据最后一段““People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits,” Ekblom-Bak said. “But when they are in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible,” she said.(“人们应该坚持锻炼，因为锻炼有很多好处，”埃克布洛姆-巴克说。“但当他们在办公室时，他们应该尽可能多地打断坐着的时间，”她说)”可推知，我们不要长时间地坐在某个地方不动，应该尽可能多地打断坐着的时间，因为久坐对我们的身体有很大的危害。故答案为We should not sit still for a long time and try to break the sitting time as much as possible, because sitting for a long time does great harm to our health.
5．Food retailers decide to remove date labelling. 6．Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making. 7．If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.
Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. So if consumers can be better informed, they will be likely to accept edible, but date-expired food. 8．Removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from knowing the edible information of the food.Without date labels, consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items.
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了为了减少家庭食品浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定取消一些新鲜食品的日期标签，例如“使用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。尽管人们在购买食品时，大部分人会查看日期标签，但是日期标签有时候却对人有误导作用而造成浪费。在施行取消标签后，人们可以通过“望闻”的方法判断食物。
5．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容“To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers decide to remove date labelling, such as the ‘use-by’ or ‘best-before’ date, from some fresh food items.(为了减少家庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定从一些新鲜食品上去掉日期标签，比如“截止食用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。)”可知，食品零售商决定去掉一些新鲜食品上的日期标签以减少浪费。故答案为：Food retailers decide to remove date labelling.
6．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段内容“But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.(但日期标签长期以来一直受到批评，因为未能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策。)”可知，日期标签长期受到批评是因为日期标签未能得到真正理解而导致不合理的购买决策。故答案为：Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.
7．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段内容“Information is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date. (还提供了牛油果“过熟”时的外观、味道和感觉的信息。人们希望，一个更了解情况的消费者不太可能因为过期而盲目扔掉食物。)”可知，“If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.(如果消费者能更明智，他们不会接受可食用的，但过期的食品。)”中“they will not accept edible, but date-expired food”是错误的，如果消费者对食物信息更了解一些，那么就有可能接受可食用但过期的食品。故答案为：If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food. Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. So if consumers can be better informed, they will be likely to accept edible, but date-expired food.
8．本题为开放性试题，要求考生结合文章根据自己的见解进行作答，言之有理即可。供参考：根据文章第四段“
Without date labels, information that may affect consumers' understanding of what is edible, is removed.
（如果没有日期标签，可能会影响消费者了解什么是可食用的的信息被删除。）”可知，没有日期标签，消费者可能无法了解
该食品的可食用信息。故答案为Removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from k
nowing the edible information of the food.Without date labels, consumers are encouraged to sense-check f
resh food items.
9．The usage of new technologies in teaching. 10．He focused on the differences between writing by hand and on a computer. 11．Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It has no linking with ideas.
According to the passage, it is connected with ideas. 12．With the development of technologies, computers and smart phones are becoming more and more common. People have been accustomed to using them to work and study instead of the basic writing style and spelling skills. Characters is a form of showing our emotion, but sometimes we can’t remember how to write them. I strongly advocate using handwriting more instead of computers help to pass down the charm of Chinese characters.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述的是随着现代科技的发展，书写渐渐被人们所忽视，但是Berninger的研究表明，书写在现代教学中应该占有一席之地，因为拼写能力与写作能力密切相关并且对孩子有更长久的影响,加强拼写有助于学生的发展。
9．考查细节理解。根据第一段“The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smart phones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.(学生无休止地从黑板上抄字母和句子的做法已经成为过去。随着电脑和智能手机等新技术的出现，手写已经成为一种怀旧的技能。然而，尽管今天的教育工作者在教学中使用越来越多的技术，许多人认为基本的书写技能仍然是学生成功的必要条件——无论是在学校还是在生活中。)” 可知，在教学中使用新技术让手写成为历史。故答案为The usage of new technologies in teaching.
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.(Berninger和她的同事进行了一项研究，考查学生完成各种写作任务的能力，包括用电脑和手写。这项发表于2009年的研究发现，当参与者用笔和纸写字时，他们写的文章更长，句子更完整，单词生成速度更快。)”可知Berninger在2009年发表的研究把重点放在手写和用电脑写作之间的区别上。故答案为He focused on the differences between writing by hand and on a computer.
11．考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句“‘Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.’Berninger said.(‘拼写使大脑的一些思考部分变得活跃，这有助于我们获取词汇、单词的含义和概念。它让我们的书面语言与思想联系起来。’Berninger说。)”以及第五段第一句“Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. (拼写可以帮助学生首先在脑海中把想法转换成单词，然后再将‘脑海中的单词转换成纸上、键盘上和屏幕上的符号’，研究称。)”可知拼写与思想是有联系的。故答案为Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It has no linking with ideas.
According to the passage, it is connected with ideas.
12．考查个人观点与语言表达。根据第一段第二句“With the coming of new technologies like computers and smart phones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill.(随着电脑和智能手机等新技术的出现，书写已经成为一种怀旧的技能。)”可知现在人们工作学习中应用电脑、手机越来越常见，运用手写越来越少。根据第四段第二句“‘Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.’Berninger said.(‘拼写使大脑的一些思考部分变得活跃，这有助于我们获取词汇、单词的含义和概念。它让我们的书面语言与思想联系起来。’Berninger说。)”可知书写有助于传达我们思想与文化，而且在想要表达时不会提笔忘字。故答案可表述为With the development of technologies, computers and smart phones are becoming more and more common. People have been accustomed to using them to work and study instead of the basic writing style and spelling skills. Characters is a form of showing our emotion, but sometimes we can’t remember how to write them. I strongly advocate using handwriting more instead of computers help to pass down the charm of Chinese characters.
13．An oil spill. 14．The author felt shocked. 15．Volunteers could save the penguins in the oil’s path because they cleaned the polluted habitat together.
Because if any more birds were oiled, volunteers wouldn’t have enough resources to save the penguins. 16．I think that the rescue was very successful and amazing, because the volunteers completed an impossible task. It not only showed the meaning of “More hands produce a stronger flame”, but also the great power of mankind.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参与的一次挽救企鹅的志愿者活动。因为燃油的泄露，大量的非洲企鹅被困，命在且夕，志愿者们经过三个多月把它们带到了安全的地方，最后把企鹅放归野外。通过这篇文章，作者告诉我们众人拾柴火焰高，人类的力量是伟大的。
13．考查细节理解。由第一段中的“In the summer of 2016, the ship MV Treasure sunk, creating an oil spill. Thirteen hundred tons of fuel oil were flowing right in the middle of the African Penguins’ habitat. Soon the oil covered about 20,000 penguins. Without swift help, the seabirds would have no chance of survival. (2016年夏天，MV Treasure号沉没，造成漏油。1300吨的燃油正流向非洲企鹅栖息地的中央。很快，石油覆盖了大约20000只企鹅。没有迅速的帮助，企鹅就没有生存的机会)”可知，由于石油泄露，非洲企鹅处于危险之中。故答案为：An oil spill.
14．考查推理判断。由第二段中的“When walking into the center, I couldn’t believe my ears. I had expected to walk into a chorus of honking and squawking (尖声叫). Instead, the center sounded like a library. The penguins were dead silent. My heart ached for the painful birds. (当我走进中心时，我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵。我本以为会进入鸣叫和吵闹声的大合唱。相反，这个中心听起来像一个图书馆。企鹅们鸦雀无声。我的心为那些痛苦的企鹅而痛)”可知，当作者走进救援中心时，作者原以为会听到企鹅的叫声，然而它们却鸦雀无声，作者感到震惊。故答案为：The author felt shocked.
15．考查细节理解。由第三段中的“While volunteers were busy bathing the oiled penguins, another crisis was developing. Oil from the spill had started moving north. Tens of thousands of penguins were in the oil’s path. (当志愿者们忙于给沾满油污的企鹅洗澡时，另一场危机正在发生。泄漏的石油开始向北移动。数以万计的企鹅在石油的路径上)”和If any more birds were oiled, we wouldn’t have enough resources to save them. (如果有更多的企鹅被石油污染，我们就没有足够的资源来拯救它们)”可知，如果有更多的企鹅被石油污染，志愿者们无法拯救油路上的所有企鹅，“could save”错误。故答案为：Volunteers could save the penguins in the oil’s path because they cleaned the polluted habitat together. Because if any more birds were oiled, volunteers wouldn’t have enough resources to save the penguins.
16．考查开放答题。考生结合文本，合理发表自己观点，如：我认为这次救援非常成功和令人惊叹，因为志愿者们完成了一项不可能完成的任务。它不仅显示了“众人拾柴火焰高”的含义，也显示了人类的强大力量。故答案为：I think that the rescue was very successful and amazing, because the volunteers completed an impossible task. It not only showed the meaning of “More hands produce a stronger flame”, but also the great power of mankind.
17．The natural reaction when one gets criticized is to feel bad about it or defend oneself. 18．Because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are. 19．Since every criticism is a personal opinion of the critic, it is not helpful for us.
1) According to the passage, every criticism helps us know about us or those who engage in it. (If we understand this truth, we will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.)
2) According to the passage, a criticism which is based upon true discernment and purity of perception and judgment is helpful. 20．I would respond differently to different criticism. I would take true criticism seriously and take it as a chance to make myself better. However, I would ignore the criticism that is meant to hurt.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于不同的批评我们应该持有的方法。
17．考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“When someone criticizes you, your natural reaction is mostly to feel bad about it or defend yourself. ”（当有人批评你的时候，你的自然反应大多是感觉不好或者为自己辩护。）可知，当有人批评你的时候，人们的自然反应就是感觉不好或者为自己辩护。故答案为The natural reaction when one gets criticized is to feel bad about it or defend oneself.
18．考查细节理解。根据第三段前两句“Yet, we give so much importance to what others say and what they think about us. It is natural because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are. ”（然而，我们非常重视别人对我们的评价和看法。这是很自然的，因为我们更喜欢被别人认可和接受，或者至少因为我们是谁而被尊重和认可。）可知，我们重视别人对我们的评价和看法是因为我们更喜欢被别人认可和接受，或者至少因为我们是谁而被尊重和认可。故答案为Because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are.
19．考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段“A criticism which is not based upon true discernment（识别能力）and purity of perception and judgment should not be considered true criticism. You can ignore it or use it to know the people who criticize.”（不是基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评不应被视为真正的批评。你可以忽略它，也可以用它来了解批评你的人。）可知，基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评才可以被视为是真正的批评，这样的批评是有帮助意义的。据此可以判断，所给提示句的后半部分“it is not helpful for us”是错误的，可以更改为“According to the passage, a criticism which is based upon true discernment and purity of perception and judgment is helpful”；最后一段“Every criticism helps you know about you or those who engage in it. Use it to improve yourself or your relationships. If you understand this truth, you will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.”（每一个批评都会帮助你了解你自己或者那些参与其中的人。用它来改善你自己或你的人际关系。如果你明白这个道理，你就会接受批评作为一种祝福和一个机会，成为一个更好的人与更好的意识。）可知，每个批评都会帮助你了解你自己或者那些参与其中的人，如果你明白这个道理，你就会接受批评作为一种祝福和一个机会，成为一个更好的人与更好的意识。据此可知，所给提示句的后半部分“it is not helpful for us”是错误的，可以更改为“ According to the passage, every criticism helps us know about us or those who engage in it. (If we understand this truth, we will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.)”，故答案为Since every criticism is a personal opinion of the critic, it is not helpful for us.原因在于：①According to the passage, every criticism helps us know about us or those who engage in it. (If we understand this truth, we will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.)② According to the passage, a criticism which is based upon true discernment and purity of perception and judgment is helpful.
20．开放题。言之有理即可。根据文章倒数第二段“A criticism which is not based upon true discernment（识别能力）and purity of perception and judgment should not be considered true criticism. You can ignore it or use it to know the people who criticize.”（不是基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评不应被视为真正的批评。你可以忽略它，也可以用它来了解批评你的人。）可知，基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评才可以被视为是真正的批评，这样的批评是有帮助意义的。因此我对不同的批评会有不同的反应。我会认真对待真正的批评，把它当作一个让自己变得更好的机会。然而，我会忽略那些意在伤害我的批评。故答案为I would respond differently to different criticism. I would take true criticism seriously and take it as a chance to make myself better. However, I would ignore the criticism that is meant to hurt.（34）
21．Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 22．Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 23．Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 24．I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
21．考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
22．考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
23．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
24．开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
25．Because that was a time when inspiration was truly needed and it has been so uplifting to all of us during the pandemic. 26．Not having enough to eat. 27．Pandas were loaned to other countries to make profit and boost domestic economy. The purpose of it was to promote protection and research of pandas. 28．Table tennis. Table tennis is the national sport of China and the friendly exchanges between the Chinese and American table tennis teams have promoted the normalization of the relations between China and the United States.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是“熊猫外交”的一些基本情况。
25．考查细节理解。根据第三段的“This cub’s birth proved to be quite inspiring—and at a time when inspiration was truly needed. “Xiao Qi Ji’s birth is a true miracle that has been so uplifting to all of us during the pandemic,” Chinese Ambassador to the US Cui Tiankai said in a video congratulatory message.(这只幼崽的出生被证明是相当鼓舞人心的——当时确实需要鼓舞。中国驻美国大使崔天凯在视频贺词中表示：“小奇迹的出生是一个真正的奇迹，在疫情期间让我们所有人都感到振奋。”)”可知，小奇迹的出生鼓舞人心是因为那是一个真正需要鼓舞的时刻，在大流行期间，它让我们所有人都感到振奋。故答案为Because that was a time when inspiration was truly needed and it has been so uplifting to all of us during the pandemic.
26．考查细节理解。根据第六段的“However, most of them have died mainly because they don’t have enough to eat.(然而，他们中的大多数人死亡主要是因为他们没有足够的食物。)”可知，没有足够的食物可能导致在其他国家的熊猫死亡，故答案为Not having enough to eat.
27．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“The government is hoping that cooperation between Chinese and foreign scientists can develop new ways of saving the panda and the entire $1 million annual rental fee goes toward protection and research.(政府希望中外科学家之间的合作可以开发出拯救大熊猫的新方法，每年100万美元的租