五年（2018-2022）高考英语真题分项汇编课件(共275张PPT)
文档属性
| 名称 | 五年（2018-2022）高考英语真题分项汇编课件(共275张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 744.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-02 11:08:54 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共275张PPT)
五年真题分类
.
1.（2022新高考I卷）Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
2. （2022新高考II卷）___________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
答案：The
解析：考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。
3．（2022全国甲卷）__________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
答案：A
解析：考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
4.（2022全国乙卷）To celebrate ______ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
答案：the
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
5.（2022年浙江 1月真题）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.
答案：the
解析： 考查冠词。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。
6.（2021新课标I卷）While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit!
答案：a
解析：句意为：你在中国的时候,一定要去黄山！泛指一件必须的事情,所以用不定冠词,故填a.
7.（2021全国甲卷）It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
8.Due to ___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
9.（2021浙江卷）____________ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
答案：The
解析：考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
10.（2020新课标II卷）The plum trees are ___________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
11.（2020浙江卷）Then，with ___________ rise of science，changes began.
答案：the
解析：考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
12.（2020年浙江 1月）A child born in the US today has _________very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上，因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且very为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
13.（2019新课标I卷）Of ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案：the
解析：考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
14.（2019新课标II卷）When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was _______joke.
答案：a
解析：考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。
15.（2019浙江卷）Everybody wears ___________ same style of clothes.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
16.（2018新课标II卷）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。特指用定冠词the，此处特指过去的25年。
17.（2018新课标III卷）Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.
答案：the
解析：考查固定搭配。at the top of在…的顶端。
1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas,
答案：populations
解析：考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
2. （2022新高考II卷）He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
答案：son’s
解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
3.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect).
答案：protection
解析：考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
4.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ___ ___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
答案：responsibility
解析：考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
5.（2022年浙江 1月真题）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________ （invite）.
答案：invitation
解析：考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。
6.（2021新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________（human） are.
答案：humans
解析：考查名词。句意为：一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示"人类",常用复数名词humans,此处作同位语,故填humans.
7.（2021新高考II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案：representative
解析：考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
8.（2021全国甲卷） Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people
答案：watchtowers
解析：考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
9.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop)of the local areas.
答案：development
解析：考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
10（2021全国乙卷）___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
答案：Activities
解析：考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。
11.（2021北京卷）Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse________ (idea)．
答案：ideas
解析：考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。
12.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
答案：marriage
解析：考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
13（2021浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a ____38____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
答案：person’s
解析：考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
14.（2020新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists
答案：interest
解析：考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb。意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
15.（2020新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a ___________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
答案：celebration
解析：考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
16.（2020新课标III卷）Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
答案：curiosity
解析：考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
17.（2020年北京卷）Now, lots of___ __(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
答案：countries
解析：考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。
18.（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the __________ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
答案：seasons
解析：考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。
19.（2020浙江卷1月）For Japan, the__________(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.
答案：numbers
解析：考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。
20.（2019新课标I卷） Leading to a ________ (believe) that populations are increasing.
答案：belief
解析：考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
21.（2019新课标III卷）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ________ (compete)to watch, together with the story behind it.
答案：competition
解析：考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
22.（2019浙江卷）Other American studies showed no __________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
答案：connection/connections
解析：考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
23.（2019北京卷）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various __________(activity) on Earth Day.
答案：activities
解析：考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
24.（2018新课标I卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___________（cause）.
答案：causes
解析：考查名词的数。cause "原因"，为可数名词，前面有all，所以用复数。
25.（2018新课标II卷）This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
答案：pollution
解析：考查名词。作宾语，所以用名词，pollution，为不可数名词，无复数。
26.（2018新课标III卷） I'm a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
答案：scientist
解析：考查名词。后跟定语从句，关系词用who，所以先行词为人。
27.（2018浙江卷）Making Chinese __________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
答案：dishes
解析：考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
28.（2018浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _________(weigh) problems.
答案：weight
解析：考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
29. （2020山东卷）Historical __________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
答案：accuracy
解析：考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
五年（2018-2022）高考英语真题分项汇编
专题02 代词、介词和介词短语
1.（2022全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____ _____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
答案：its
解析：考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真—普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
2.（2021新课标I卷）As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in （I）.
答案：mine
解析：句意为：对我来说的确如此。指my memory,所以用名词性物主代词作介词的宾语,故填mine.
3.（2021全国乙卷）Ecotourism has ___________(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
答案：its
解析：考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
4.（2021年浙江卷）She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of __________ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
答案：herself
解析：考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
5.（2020新课标I卷）Data about the moon’s composition, such as how __________ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether __________ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
答案：much；its
解析：考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
6. （2020年山东卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
答案：themselves
解析：考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
7.（2019年北京卷）Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to ___ __(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
答案：myself
解析：考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
8.（2018新课标I卷）But otherwise...it's probably running. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __________a try.
答案：it/running
解析：考查名词或代词，指代前面提到的running，可以用running，作宾语，也可以用it。
9.（2018新课标III卷）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ______(they) alive.
答案：them
解析：考查人称代词。作宾语，所以用宾格代词。
10.（2018年浙江卷）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _________ can be to eat out.
答案：it
解析：考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。
全国各地历年高考真题全收录—介词和介词短语
1.（2022新高考I卷）Giant pandas also serve __________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
答案：as
解析：考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。
2.（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers __________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20.
答案：from
解析：考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
3.（2022全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially __________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
答案：by
解析：考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
4.（2021新课标II卷）A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _________ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案：from
解析：考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
5.（2021全国甲卷）It was built (build) originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
答案：in/during
解析：考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。
6.（2021全国乙卷）It was not widely accepted as a travel concept __________ the late 1980s.
答案：until
解析：考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
7.（2021全国乙卷）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types __________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。
8.（2020新课标I卷）because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so __________ the familiar near side.
答案：than
解析：考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
9.（2021年浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it _________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage
答案：for
解析：考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
10.（2021浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____40____ 2. 1 in women and men.
答案：by
解析：考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
11.（2021年北京卷）While riding his bike home ________ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．
答案：on
解析：考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。
12.（2020新课标II卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more ___________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
答案：than
解析：考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
13.（2020新课标II卷）Bamboo plants are associated ___________ health, abundance and a happy home.
答案：with
解析：考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
14.（2020新课标III卷）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _________ earth, Mother Nature.
答案：on
解析：考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
15.（2020年北京卷）Over time, the bags fall apart___ ___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.
答案：on
解析：考查介词。句意：随着时间推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。
16.（2020年浙江卷）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived __________ ，through agriculture.
答案：on
解析：考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
17.（2020年浙江卷）Farming produced more food per person __________ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children
答案：than
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为“比……更”故填than。
18.（2020浙江卷1月）This aging of the population is driven ________two factors.
答案：by
解析：考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。
19.（2019新课标I卷）Modern methods _______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid 1980s.
答案：of/for
解析：考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth。”,意为“…的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
20.（2019新课标III卷）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _________ dogs, seven to be exact.
答案：of
解析：考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
21.（2019年北京卷）First celebrated __________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
答案：in
解析：考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
22.（2019年浙江卷）But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer __________ this question is not clear.
答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...表示“……的答案是……”，是固定搭配。故填to。
23.（2018新课标I卷）While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ____________walking, cycling or swimming.
答案：than
解析：考查固定搭配。前面有比较级more effective，所以用than。
24.（2018新课标II卷）Corn uses less water ______rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
答案：than
解析：考查固定搭配。前面有比较级less，所以用than进行比较。
25.（2018新课标III卷）My name is Mireya Mayor. I was searching these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
答案：for
解析：考查介词短语。根据固定搭配，search for寻找，故答案为for
26.（2018年浙江卷）If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ________ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
答案：for
解析：考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for，故填for。
27.（2018·北京）—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
答案：A
解析：考查介词。句意：—早上好，Lee先生办公室。—早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。
28. （2020年山东卷）Museums must compete ________people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
答案：for
解析：考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
五年（2018-2022）高考英语真题分项汇编
专题03形容词和副词
1（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
答案：eventually
解析：考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
2（2022新高考II卷）They both fell __________ (sleep) while watching TV.
答案：asleep
解析：考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
3（2022新高考II卷）When he looked down, he _____ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
答案：accidentally
解析：考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
4（2022全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning).
答案：meaningful
解析：考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
5（2022全国甲卷）and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s _________ (high) mountain.
答案：highest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
6（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
答案：largest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
7（2022全国乙卷）It can help to build a community with a ___________ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
答案：shared
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
8（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：roughly
解析：考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。
9（2021新课标I卷）It will ___________（undoubted） help you get refreshed!
答案：undoubtedly
解析：考查副词。句意为：它无疑会帮助你恢复精力！修饰动词,所以用副词,故填undoubtedly.
10（2021新课标I卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the___________（hot） the spring!
答案：hotter
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意为：春天的神奇之处在于温度越低,春天就越热！本句为固定句型：the+比较级,the+比较级,表示"越……越……",故填hotter.
11（2021新课标I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________（ache） legs.
答案：aching
解析：考查形容词。句意为：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并提供了一个地方,你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。ache和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语,故填aching.
12（2021全国高考II卷）I told him how __________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
答案：harmful
解析：考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
13（2021全国甲卷）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
答案：better
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
14（2021全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their __________ (day) routines.
答案：daily
解析：考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
15（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___________ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics
答案：educated
解析：考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
16（2021全国乙卷）Provide _________(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
答案：financial
解析：考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
17（2021年北京卷）Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____（safe） wait for the police to take her home．
答案：safely
解析：考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。
18（2021年浙江卷）When the house was built, it was much __________ （small）than it is today.
答案：smaller
解析：考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
19（2021年浙江卷1月）But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____ _ ___(sharp).
答案：sharply
解析：考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
20（2021年浙江卷1月）This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
答案：lower
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
21（2020新课标I卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging.
答案：extremely
解析：考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
22（2020新课标II卷）___________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
答案：Certainly
解析：考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
23（2020新课标II卷）Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The___________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
答案：beautiful
解析：考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
24（2020新课标III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their __________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
答案：finest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
25（2020新课标III卷）As the small boat moved, _________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
答案：gently
解析：考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
26（2020北京卷）Oliver says if you're__ __(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it's possible.
答案：lucky
解析：考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
27（2020北京卷）They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____ ___（smart）than the Neanderthals.
答案：smarter
解析：【10题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为smarter。
28（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _________(old)than before.
答案：older
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级，故填older。
29（2020年浙江卷1月）This is___________(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.
答案：particularly
解析：考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词，故填particularly。
30（2019新课标I卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ (poor) studied
答案：poorly
解析：考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
31（2019新课标I卷）leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they actually are.
答案：higher
解析：考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
32（2019新课标II卷）Her years of hard work have ______（final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
答案：finally
解析：考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
33（2019新课标II卷）It's ___________(wonder）.
答案：wonderful
解析：考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
34（2019新课标III卷）They also shared with us many _________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were _________ (huge)popular with tourists.
答案：traditional; hugely
解析：考查形容词/副词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional；空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
35（2019北京卷）Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___________(meaning) college experience.
答案：meaningful
解析：考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
36（2019年浙江卷）When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _______ (easy) see them.
答案：easily
解析：考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
37（2019年浙江卷）School uniforms are ___________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
答案：traditional
解析：考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。这里作表语，常用形容词，tradition是名词，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
38（2018新课标I卷）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __________ (long) than non-runners.
答案：longer
解析：考查形容词比较级。后面有than，所以用比较级。
39（2018新课标I卷）Running is cheap, easy and it's always____________(energy).
答案：energetic
解析：考查形容词。作表语，所以用形容词。
40（2018新课标II卷）A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change.
答案：actually
解析：考查副词。修饰句子用副词。
41（2018新课标II卷）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.
答案：global
解析：考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词。
42（2018新课标III卷）He screams the __________ (loud) of all.
答案：loudest
解析：考查最高级。后面有表示范围的词of all，所以用最高级。
43（2018年浙江卷）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ______(afford) but doing this most days adds up.
答案：affordable
解析：考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”，故填affordable。
44（2018年浙江卷）There could be an even _________ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.
答案：higher
解析：考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。
45（2020年山东卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
答案：wealthy
解析：考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
五年（2018-2022）高考英语真题分项汇编
专题04 动词和动词短语
1（2021天津卷6月考试） I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.
A. made up for B. run out of
C. kept away from D. got down to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。
2（2021天津卷6月考试） Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years.
A. stayed B. turned C. grown D. got
【答案】A
【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。
3（2021天津卷6月考试） My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely different . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother ____1____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born performer who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't ____2____.
1. A. disliked B. preferred C. replaced D. abandoned
2 A. get along B. drop by C. show off D. check in
答案：1. B 2 A
解析1：考查动词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢；B. preferred更喜欢；C. replaced取代；D. abandoned抛弃，放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a born ________ who preferred the theatrical”和preferred呼应，可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。
解析2：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们就是合不来。A. get along相处，进展；B. drop by顺便拜访；C. show off炫耀；D. check in登记，报到。根据上句“I took his relative silence to be offensive.”及下文“a tense relationship with my brother”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同，作者甚至认为哥哥相对沉默是一种冒犯，可知两人相处地不好，关系紧张。故选A。
4（2021天津卷第一次考试）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。
5（2021天津卷第一次考试）With that thought in mind, Pruitt 1 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 2 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again for free. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the budget to buy one.
1．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave upD．broke away from
2．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered
答案：1．A 1．D
解析1：考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
解析2：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。
6（2020·江苏卷）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify B. justify
C. satisfy D. classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
7（2020·江苏卷）The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for B. accounting for
C. calling for D. compensating for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
8（2020·天津卷）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on
C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。
9（2020·天津卷）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A．understood B．accepted
C．compromised D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
10（2020·天津卷）We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A．take up B．carry out
C．keep on D．put off
答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据；B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
11（2019·江苏卷）A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting
C. reviewing D. restoring
答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
12（2019·天津卷）Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
答案：C
解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。
13（2018·天津）It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display B. acquire
C. teach D. test
答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。
14（2018·天津）At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
答案：A
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
15（2018·江苏）Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on
C. calls off D. calls up
答案：A
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。
16（2018·江苏）Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A. indicate B. investigate
C. imitate D. innovate
答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。
17（2017·天津卷）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off
C. get up D. cut in
答案：A
解析：句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。
18（2017·江苏卷）A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.
A. shape B. switch
C. stretch D. sharpen
答案：A
解析：考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
19（2017· 江苏）Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out
C. picked out D. given out
答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
五年（2018-2022）高考英语真题分项汇编
专题05 非谓语动词
1（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
2（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
3（2022新高考II卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
答案：to falling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
4（2022新高考II卷）He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them.
答案：to see
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
5（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案：to journey
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
6（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
7（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案：planning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
8（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案：to strengthen; inviting
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。第二空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
9（2022年浙江卷1月）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
答案：astonished
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
10（2021新高考I卷）But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________（astonish）.
答案：astonished
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astonished.
11（2021新课标II卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________ (think)it is food.
答案：thinking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
12（2021新课标II卷）I decided to do something ________ (educate) people about this problem.
答案：to educate
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
13（2021新课标II卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
答案：excited
解析：考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
14（2021全国甲卷）It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
答案：to walk
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
15（2021全国甲卷）After _________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action.
答案：spending
解析：考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
16（2021全国乙卷）Minimize the impact of _________(visit)the place.
答案：visiting
解析：考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
17（2021全国乙卷）Accommodations aim ___________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
答案：to have
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
18（2021浙江卷）Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
答案：to plant
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
19（2021浙江卷1月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries _____ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
答案：studied
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。
20（2021浙江卷1月）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____ ____ (live) in the countryside, including (lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
答案：living
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。
21（2021年北京卷）There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
答案：caused
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
22（2021年北京卷）From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ________(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．
答案：resulting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。
23（2021年北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ________ (invest) in disaster prevention.
答案：to invest
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。
24（2020新课标I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 __________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
答案：to find
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
25（2020新课标II卷）They represent the earth ___________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
答案：coming
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
26（2020新课标II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
答案：decorated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
27（2020新课标II卷）They are easy ___________ (care) for and make great presents.
答案：to care
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
28（2020新课标III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter.
答案：to find
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth。，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
29（2020新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
答案：surrounding
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
30（2020年北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years___ ___(break) down.
答案：to break
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
31（2020年北京卷）A piece of stone___ ___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
答案：found
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
32（2020年浙江卷）Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _________ (change) lives.
答案：to change
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
33（2020年浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ______ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
34（2020年浙江卷1月）The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase)to 42 by 2050.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。
35（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
答案：compared
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系，故填compared。
36（2019新课标I卷）Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid 1980s, and are expensive ___________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
答案：to perform
解析：考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
37（2019新课标I卷）Scientists have responded by ___________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements.
答案：noting
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
38（2019新课标II卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___________（be）Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
答案：being
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
39（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene declared she had no plans _____________（retire） from her 36-year-old business.
答案：to retire
解析：考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“…的计划”，故填to retire。
40（2019新课标II卷）When we got a call ___________（say）she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
答案：saying
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
41（2019新课标III卷）On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ____________ (get) there.
答案：to get
解析：考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
42（2019新课标III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案：listening
解析：考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
43（2019年浙江卷）But some students didn’t want _________(wear) the uniform.
答案：to wear
解析：考查固定用法。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
44（2019年北京卷）Nervously ___ ___(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
答案：facing’
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。分析句式可知，此处是作句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
45（2019年北京卷）Earth Day, __________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
答案：facing’
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要作名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
46（2018新课标I卷）You don't have to run fast or for long ____________(see) the benefit.
答案：to see
解析：考查不定式。作目的状语，所以用不定式。
47（2018新课标I卷）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___________(die) early by running.
答案：dying
解析：考查动名词。介词of后跟动名词作宾语。
48（2018新课标I卷）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____________(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
答案：strengthen
解析：考查非谓语动词。作目的状语，用不定式，前面有to，所以用动词原形。
49（2018新课标II卷）The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________ (improve) water quality.
答案：to improve
解析：考查不定式。作目的状语用不定式。
50（2018新课标II卷）China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
答案：feeding
解析：考查现在分词。句子主语和feed之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。
51（2018新课标III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ___________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
答案：looking/challenged
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：avoid doing sth避免做某事；第二空：feel为系动词，之后缺表语，故用过去分词challenged，表示"被挑战的"，所以用过去分词。
52（2018新课标III卷）Once his message was delivere
五年真题分类
.
1.（2022新高考I卷）Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
2. （2022新高考II卷）___________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
答案：The
解析：考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。
3．（2022全国甲卷）__________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
答案：A
解析：考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
4.（2022全国乙卷）To celebrate ______ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
答案：the
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
5.（2022年浙江 1月真题）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.
答案：the
解析： 考查冠词。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。
6.（2021新课标I卷）While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit!
答案：a
解析：句意为：你在中国的时候,一定要去黄山！泛指一件必须的事情,所以用不定冠词,故填a.
7.（2021全国甲卷）It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
8.Due to ___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
9.（2021浙江卷）____________ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
答案：The
解析：考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
10.（2020新课标II卷）The plum trees are ___________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
11.（2020浙江卷）Then，with ___________ rise of science，changes began.
答案：the
解析：考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
12.（2020年浙江 1月）A child born in the US today has _________very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上，因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且very为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
13.（2019新课标I卷）Of ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案：the
解析：考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
14.（2019新课标II卷）When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was _______joke.
答案：a
解析：考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。
15.（2019浙江卷）Everybody wears ___________ same style of clothes.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
16.（2018新课标II卷）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。特指用定冠词the，此处特指过去的25年。
17.（2018新课标III卷）Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.
答案：the
解析：考查固定搭配。at the top of在…的顶端。
1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas,
答案：populations
解析：考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
2. （2022新高考II卷）He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
答案：son’s
解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
3.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect).
答案：protection
解析：考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
4.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ___ ___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
答案：responsibility
解析：考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
5.（2022年浙江 1月真题）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________ （invite）.
答案：invitation
解析：考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。
6.（2021新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________（human） are.
答案：humans
解析：考查名词。句意为：一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示"人类",常用复数名词humans,此处作同位语,故填humans.
7.（2021新高考II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案：representative
解析：考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
8.（2021全国甲卷） Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people
答案：watchtowers
解析：考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
9.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop)of the local areas.
答案：development
解析：考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
10（2021全国乙卷）___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
答案：Activities
解析：考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。
11.（2021北京卷）Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse________ (idea)．
答案：ideas
解析：考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。
12.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
答案：marriage
解析：考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
13（2021浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a ____38____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
答案：person’s
解析：考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
14.（2020新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists
答案：interest
解析：考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb。意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
15.（2020新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a ___________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
答案：celebration
解析：考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
16.（2020新课标III卷）Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
答案：curiosity
解析：考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
17.（2020年北京卷）Now, lots of___ __(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
答案：countries
解析：考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。
18.（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the __________ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
答案：seasons
解析：考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。
19.（2020浙江卷1月）For Japan, the__________(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.
答案：numbers
解析：考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。
20.（2019新课标I卷） Leading to a ________ (believe) that populations are increasing.
答案：belief
解析：考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
21.（2019新课标III卷）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ________ (compete)to watch, together with the story behind it.
答案：competition
解析：考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
22.（2019浙江卷）Other American studies showed no __________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
答案：connection/connections
解析：考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
23.（2019北京卷）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various __________(activity) on Earth Day.
答案：activities
解析：考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
24.（2018新课标I卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___________（cause）.
答案：causes
解析：考查名词的数。cause "原因"，为可数名词，前面有all，所以用复数。
25.（2018新课标II卷）This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
答案：pollution
解析：考查名词。作宾语，所以用名词，pollution，为不可数名词，无复数。
26.（2018新课标III卷） I'm a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
答案：scientist
解析：考查名词。后跟定语从句，关系词用who，所以先行词为人。
27.（2018浙江卷）Making Chinese __________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
答案：dishes
解析：考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
28.（2018浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _________(weigh) problems.
答案：weight
解析：考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
29. （2020山东卷）Historical __________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
答案：accuracy
解析：考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
五年（2018-2022）高考英语真题分项汇编
专题02 代词、介词和介词短语
1.（2022全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____ _____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
答案：its
解析：考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真—普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
2.（2021新课标I卷）As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in （I）.
答案：mine
解析：句意为：对我来说的确如此。指my memory,所以用名词性物主代词作介词的宾语,故填mine.
3.（2021全国乙卷）Ecotourism has ___________(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
答案：its
解析：考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
4.（2021年浙江卷）She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of __________ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
答案：herself
解析：考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
5.（2020新课标I卷）Data about the moon’s composition, such as how __________ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether __________ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
答案：much；its
解析：考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
6. （2020年山东卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
答案：themselves
解析：考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
7.（2019年北京卷）Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to ___ __(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
答案：myself
解析：考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
8.（2018新课标I卷）But otherwise...it's probably running. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __________a try.
答案：it/running
解析：考查名词或代词，指代前面提到的running，可以用running，作宾语，也可以用it。
9.（2018新课标III卷）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ______(they) alive.
答案：them
解析：考查人称代词。作宾语，所以用宾格代词。
10.（2018年浙江卷）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _________ can be to eat out.
答案：it
解析：考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。
全国各地历年高考真题全收录—介词和介词短语
1.（2022新高考I卷）Giant pandas also serve __________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
答案：as
解析：考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。
2.（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers __________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20.
答案：from
解析：考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
3.（2022全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially __________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
答案：by
解析：考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
4.（2021新课标II卷）A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _________ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案：from
解析：考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
5.（2021全国甲卷）It was built (build) originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
答案：in/during
解析：考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。
6.（2021全国乙卷）It was not widely accepted as a travel concept __________ the late 1980s.
答案：until
解析：考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
7.（2021全国乙卷）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types __________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。
8.（2020新课标I卷）because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so __________ the familiar near side.
答案：than
解析：考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
9.（2021年浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it _________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage
答案：for
解析：考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
10.（2021浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____40____ 2. 1 in women and men.
答案：by
解析：考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
11.（2021年北京卷）While riding his bike home ________ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．
答案：on
解析：考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。
12.（2020新课标II卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more ___________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
答案：than
解析：考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
13.（2020新课标II卷）Bamboo plants are associated ___________ health, abundance and a happy home.
答案：with
解析：考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
14.（2020新课标III卷）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _________ earth, Mother Nature.
答案：on
解析：考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
15.（2020年北京卷）Over time, the bags fall apart___ ___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.
答案：on
解析：考查介词。句意：随着时间推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。
16.（2020年浙江卷）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived __________ ，through agriculture.
答案：on
解析：考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
17.（2020年浙江卷）Farming produced more food per person __________ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children
答案：than
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为“比……更”故填than。
18.（2020浙江卷1月）This aging of the population is driven ________two factors.
答案：by
解析：考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。
19.（2019新课标I卷）Modern methods _______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid 1980s.
答案：of/for
解析：考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth。”,意为“…的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
20.（2019新课标III卷）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _________ dogs, seven to be exact.
答案：of
解析：考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
21.（2019年北京卷）First celebrated __________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
答案：in
解析：考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
22.（2019年浙江卷）But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer __________ this question is not clear.
答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...表示“……的答案是……”，是固定搭配。故填to。
23.（2018新课标I卷）While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ____________walking, cycling or swimming.
答案：than
解析：考查固定搭配。前面有比较级more effective，所以用than。
24.（2018新课标II卷）Corn uses less water ______rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
答案：than
解析：考查固定搭配。前面有比较级less，所以用than进行比较。
25.（2018新课标III卷）My name is Mireya Mayor. I was searching these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
答案：for
解析：考查介词短语。根据固定搭配，search for寻找，故答案为for
26.（2018年浙江卷）If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ________ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
答案：for
解析：考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for，故填for。
27.（2018·北京）—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
答案：A
解析：考查介词。句意：—早上好，Lee先生办公室。—早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。
28. （2020年山东卷）Museums must compete ________people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
答案：for
解析：考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
五年（2018-2022）高考英语真题分项汇编
专题03形容词和副词
1（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
答案：eventually
解析：考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
2（2022新高考II卷）They both fell __________ (sleep) while watching TV.
答案：asleep
解析：考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
3（2022新高考II卷）When he looked down, he _____ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
答案：accidentally
解析：考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
4（2022全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning).
答案：meaningful
解析：考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
5（2022全国甲卷）and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s _________ (high) mountain.
答案：highest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
6（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
答案：largest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
7（2022全国乙卷）It can help to build a community with a ___________ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
答案：shared
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
8（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：roughly
解析：考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。
9（2021新课标I卷）It will ___________（undoubted） help you get refreshed!
答案：undoubtedly
解析：考查副词。句意为：它无疑会帮助你恢复精力！修饰动词,所以用副词,故填undoubtedly.
10（2021新课标I卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the___________（hot） the spring!
答案：hotter
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意为：春天的神奇之处在于温度越低,春天就越热！本句为固定句型：the+比较级,the+比较级,表示"越……越……",故填hotter.
11（2021新课标I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________（ache） legs.
答案：aching
解析：考查形容词。句意为：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并提供了一个地方,你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。ache和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语,故填aching.
12（2021全国高考II卷）I told him how __________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
答案：harmful
解析：考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
13（2021全国甲卷）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
答案：better
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
14（2021全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their __________ (day) routines.
答案：daily
解析：考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
15（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___________ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics
答案：educated
解析：考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
16（2021全国乙卷）Provide _________(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
答案：financial
解析：考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
17（2021年北京卷）Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____（safe） wait for the police to take her home．
答案：safely
解析：考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。
18（2021年浙江卷）When the house was built, it was much __________ （small）than it is today.
答案：smaller
解析：考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
19（2021年浙江卷1月）But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____ _ ___(sharp).
答案：sharply
解析：考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
20（2021年浙江卷1月）This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
答案：lower
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
21（2020新课标I卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging.
答案：extremely
解析：考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
22（2020新课标II卷）___________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
答案：Certainly
解析：考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
23（2020新课标II卷）Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The___________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
答案：beautiful
解析：考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
24（2020新课标III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their __________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
答案：finest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
25（2020新课标III卷）As the small boat moved, _________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
答案：gently
解析：考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
26（2020北京卷）Oliver says if you're__ __(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it's possible.
答案：lucky
解析：考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
27（2020北京卷）They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____ ___（smart）than the Neanderthals.
答案：smarter
解析：【10题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为smarter。
28（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _________(old)than before.
答案：older
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级，故填older。
29（2020年浙江卷1月）This is___________(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.
答案：particularly
解析：考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词，故填particularly。
30（2019新课标I卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ (poor) studied
答案：poorly
解析：考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
31（2019新课标I卷）leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they actually are.
答案：higher
解析：考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
32（2019新课标II卷）Her years of hard work have ______（final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
答案：finally
解析：考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
33（2019新课标II卷）It's ___________(wonder）.
答案：wonderful
解析：考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
34（2019新课标III卷）They also shared with us many _________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were _________ (huge)popular with tourists.
答案：traditional; hugely
解析：考查形容词/副词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional；空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
35（2019北京卷）Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___________(meaning) college experience.
答案：meaningful
解析：考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
36（2019年浙江卷）When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _______ (easy) see them.
答案：easily
解析：考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
37（2019年浙江卷）School uniforms are ___________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
答案：traditional
解析：考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。这里作表语，常用形容词，tradition是名词，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
38（2018新课标I卷）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __________ (long) than non-runners.
答案：longer
解析：考查形容词比较级。后面有than，所以用比较级。
39（2018新课标I卷）Running is cheap, easy and it's always____________(energy).
答案：energetic
解析：考查形容词。作表语，所以用形容词。
40（2018新课标II卷）A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change.
答案：actually
解析：考查副词。修饰句子用副词。
41（2018新课标II卷）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.
答案：global
解析：考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词。
42（2018新课标III卷）He screams the __________ (loud) of all.
答案：loudest
解析：考查最高级。后面有表示范围的词of all，所以用最高级。
43（2018年浙江卷）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ______(afford) but doing this most days adds up.
答案：affordable
解析：考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”，故填affordable。
44（2018年浙江卷）There could be an even _________ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.
答案：higher
解析：考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。
45（2020年山东卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
答案：wealthy
解析：考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
五年（2018-2022）高考英语真题分项汇编
专题04 动词和动词短语
1（2021天津卷6月考试） I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.
A. made up for B. run out of
C. kept away from D. got down to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。
2（2021天津卷6月考试） Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years.
A. stayed B. turned C. grown D. got
【答案】A
【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。
3（2021天津卷6月考试） My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely different . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother ____1____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born performer who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't ____2____.
1. A. disliked B. preferred C. replaced D. abandoned
2 A. get along B. drop by C. show off D. check in
答案：1. B 2 A
解析1：考查动词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢；B. preferred更喜欢；C. replaced取代；D. abandoned抛弃，放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a born ________ who preferred the theatrical”和preferred呼应，可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。
解析2：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们就是合不来。A. get along相处，进展；B. drop by顺便拜访；C. show off炫耀；D. check in登记，报到。根据上句“I took his relative silence to be offensive.”及下文“a tense relationship with my brother”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同，作者甚至认为哥哥相对沉默是一种冒犯，可知两人相处地不好，关系紧张。故选A。
4（2021天津卷第一次考试）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。
5（2021天津卷第一次考试）With that thought in mind, Pruitt 1 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 2 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again for free. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the budget to buy one.
1．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave upD．broke away from
2．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered
答案：1．A 1．D
解析1：考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
解析2：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。
6（2020·江苏卷）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify B. justify
C. satisfy D. classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
7（2020·江苏卷）The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for B. accounting for
C. calling for D. compensating for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
8（2020·天津卷）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on
C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。
9（2020·天津卷）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A．understood B．accepted
C．compromised D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
10（2020·天津卷）We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A．take up B．carry out
C．keep on D．put off
答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据；B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
11（2019·江苏卷）A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting
C. reviewing D. restoring
答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
12（2019·天津卷）Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
答案：C
解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。
13（2018·天津）It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display B. acquire
C. teach D. test
答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。
14（2018·天津）At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
答案：A
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
15（2018·江苏）Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on
C. calls off D. calls up
答案：A
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。
16（2018·江苏）Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A. indicate B. investigate
C. imitate D. innovate
答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。
17（2017·天津卷）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off
C. get up D. cut in
答案：A
解析：句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。
18（2017·江苏卷）A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.
A. shape B. switch
C. stretch D. sharpen
答案：A
解析：考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
19（2017· 江苏）Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out
C. picked out D. given out
答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
五年（2018-2022）高考英语真题分项汇编
专题05 非谓语动词
1（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
2（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
3（2022新高考II卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
答案：to falling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
4（2022新高考II卷）He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them.
答案：to see
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
5（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案：to journey
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
6（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
7（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案：planning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
8（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案：to strengthen; inviting
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。第二空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
9（2022年浙江卷1月）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
答案：astonished
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
10（2021新高考I卷）But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________（astonish）.
答案：astonished
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astonished.
11（2021新课标II卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________ (think)it is food.
答案：thinking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
12（2021新课标II卷）I decided to do something ________ (educate) people about this problem.
答案：to educate
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
13（2021新课标II卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
答案：excited
解析：考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
14（2021全国甲卷）It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
答案：to walk
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
15（2021全国甲卷）After _________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action.
答案：spending
解析：考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
16（2021全国乙卷）Minimize the impact of _________(visit)the place.
答案：visiting
解析：考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
17（2021全国乙卷）Accommodations aim ___________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
答案：to have
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
18（2021浙江卷）Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
答案：to plant
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
19（2021浙江卷1月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries _____ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
答案：studied
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。
20（2021浙江卷1月）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____ ____ (live) in the countryside, including (lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
答案：living
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。
21（2021年北京卷）There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
答案：caused
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
22（2021年北京卷）From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ________(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．
答案：resulting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。
23（2021年北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ________ (invest) in disaster prevention.
答案：to invest
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。
24（2020新课标I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 __________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
答案：to find
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
25（2020新课标II卷）They represent the earth ___________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
答案：coming
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
26（2020新课标II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
答案：decorated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
27（2020新课标II卷）They are easy ___________ (care) for and make great presents.
答案：to care
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
28（2020新课标III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter.
答案：to find
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth。，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
29（2020新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
答案：surrounding
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
30（2020年北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years___ ___(break) down.
答案：to break
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
31（2020年北京卷）A piece of stone___ ___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
答案：found
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
32（2020年浙江卷）Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _________ (change) lives.
答案：to change
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
33（2020年浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ______ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
34（2020年浙江卷1月）The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase)to 42 by 2050.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。
35（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
答案：compared
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系，故填compared。
36（2019新课标I卷）Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid 1980s, and are expensive ___________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
答案：to perform
解析：考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
37（2019新课标I卷）Scientists have responded by ___________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements.
答案：noting
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
38（2019新课标II卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___________（be）Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
答案：being
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
39（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene declared she had no plans _____________（retire） from her 36-year-old business.
答案：to retire
解析：考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“…的计划”，故填to retire。
40（2019新课标II卷）When we got a call ___________（say）she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
答案：saying
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
41（2019新课标III卷）On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ____________ (get) there.
答案：to get
解析：考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
42（2019新课标III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案：listening
解析：考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
43（2019年浙江卷）But some students didn’t want _________(wear) the uniform.
答案：to wear
解析：考查固定用法。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
44（2019年北京卷）Nervously ___ ___(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
答案：facing’
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。分析句式可知，此处是作句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
45（2019年北京卷）Earth Day, __________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
答案：facing’
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要作名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
46（2018新课标I卷）You don't have to run fast or for long ____________(see) the benefit.
答案：to see
解析：考查不定式。作目的状语，所以用不定式。
47（2018新课标I卷）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___________(die) early by running.
答案：dying
解析：考查动名词。介词of后跟动名词作宾语。
48（2018新课标I卷）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____________(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
答案：strengthen
解析：考查非谓语动词。作目的状语，用不定式，前面有to，所以用动词原形。
49（2018新课标II卷）The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________ (improve) water quality.
答案：to improve
解析：考查不定式。作目的状语用不定式。
50（2018新课标II卷）China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
答案：feeding
解析：考查现在分词。句子主语和feed之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。
51（2018新课标III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ___________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
答案：looking/challenged
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：avoid doing sth避免做某事；第二空：feel为系动词，之后缺表语，故用过去分词challenged，表示"被挑战的"，所以用过去分词。
52（2018新课标III卷）Once his message was delivere