高考英语复习：语法专题 专题5 正反解读介词学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 高考英语复习：语法专题 专题5 正反解读介词学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-02 21:12:46 | ||
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专题5 正反解读介词
1. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.
2. I told her she shouldn't swim a whole night's coughing, but she refused to give up.
3. The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years.
4. Thanks Robin, I've found the courage to believe in myself as I go out into the world on my own.
5. But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s…
考点一 介词的基本用法
常用介词(短语)如in,on,for,with,against,of,beyond,out of,across等含义较多,应全面把握。
规则1against有“违背,违逆;反对;对……不利;倚;靠;碰撞;预防;衬托”之意。
Vacations help us perform better at work,improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
假期帮助我们在工作中表现得更好,提高我们的睡眠质量和缓解忧愁。
规则2beyond可表示范围、限度,意为“超出,为……所不及”。
“I came to thank you,”she said,surprising me beyond speech.
“我是来感谢你的,”她说,这让我惊讶得说不出话来。
[温馨提示] beyond words/description/imagination/belief/one's reach/one's control,意为“无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/想象不出来/无法相信/够不着/无法控制”。
规则3by可表示程度或增减的幅度,还可作“按;以……计;依据”讲。
As far as I know,workers are generally paid by the month.
据我所知,工人们的工资通常按月来付。
规则4for有“就……而言;从……来看;达,计;为……”之意。
The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。
规则5off有“离开;偏离”之意。
She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.
她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。
规则6across有“横跨”之意。
Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders
你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了
规则7on/upon有“刚……就;一……就”之意,后接名词或动词-ing形式。
Upon graduation,Charlotte returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic.
夏洛特一毕业就回到了蒙特利尔,开了一个私人诊所。
规则8over可表示时间,意为“在……期间;直到……结束”。
①Talks with the teachers' union over the weekend have averted a strike.
周末与教师工会的谈判避免了一场罢工。
②Over coffee,she lit a cigarette,her eyes daring him to comment.
喝咖啡时,她点燃了一支烟,用挑衅的眼神看着他,谅他也不敢吭声。
规则9within可表示范围、程度,意为“在……之内”。
The government was doing everything within its power to help the victims.
政府正尽其所能地帮助那些受害者。
规则of表示“在……范围内”。
①The ceasefire resolution calls for the release of all prisoners of war.
停火决议要求释放所有战俘。
②A common memory they all have of their schooldays is the school uniform.
他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。
考点二 介词的搭配
规则1与介词in搭配的常用短语
in a way在某种程度上
in no way没门
in the way挡住道路
in vain徒劳
in general 通常,大体上
in detail 详细地
in turn 轮流
in return 作为回报
in need 需要
in time 迟早;及时
规则2与out of搭配的常用短语
out of date/time 过时/过期
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能
out of shape 变形
out of fashion 不流行
out of order 出了故障
out of reach 遥不可及
规则3“in+名词+of”常用搭配
in honour of 为纪念……
in charge of 负责;掌管
in terms of 依据;就……而言
in praise of 赞扬
in favour of 支持;赞同
in need of 需要
规则4与介词at搭配的常用短语
at no time 决不
at a time 一次/每次
at one time 一度/曾经
at times 不时地/有时
at one's request 应某人的要求
at a loss 不知所措
规则5其他常考短语
on behalf of 代表
by chance/accident 偶然
after all 毕竟;别忘了
regardless of 不管,不顾
on the whole 总的来说
on the contrary 相反
误区之一 介词词义的误用
(1)【误】 The bridge on the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.
【正】 The bridge over the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.
[分析] on改为over。 over通常指“正对……的上方”,表示两个物体之间垂直的相对位置;on指线上或面上的接触点,仅在两个物体互相接触的情况下表示“在……上面”。
(2)【误】 In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing often.
【正】 In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing often.
[分析] with改为by。此处用by表示方式。by writing 意为“通过写信”。本题不是keep in touch with的固定搭配。
误区之二 介词搭配的误用
【误】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich of vitamins.
【正】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins.
[分析] be rich in是固定搭配,意为“富含……”。根据语境可知把of改为in。
误区之三 介词的缺失错误
【误】 If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.
【正】 If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait for your teacher to lead you outside.
[分析] wait for是固定搭配,意为“等待”,由于其后有宾语your teacher,故需要加介词for。
误区之四 介词的冗余错误
【误】 We,together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home in last week.
【正】 We,together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home last week.
[分析] last week本身就是一个完整的时间状语,其前面不要加in或on。
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.With the development of economy, our income has increased 10% in less than a year.
2. The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money me.
3. the end, the young men found that working hard is truly a treasure in itself.
4.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and in the sea
5. At the bad news, the woman put her hands her eyes and cried out.
6. I'm afraid physics is completely me and I have to ask you for help.
7.We need to prevent pollution driving cars less and developing renewable energy.
8.The dictionary is of date:many words have been added to the language since it was published.
9.The talks will focus economic development of the region.
10.Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.
11.In high school, I became curious the computer, and built my first website.
12.Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money a cause.
13.Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage the opportunity to join sports teams.
14.That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. short, he's reliable.
15.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
2. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.
3. While they chatted,my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.
4. Now I am leaving home to college.
5.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Like the native Chinese, some foreigners have started to join their Chinese friends 1. sending or grabbing virtual red packets during the Spring Festival and other special 2. (occasion). Attracted by the unique way of interacting with people as well as the culture that gave birth to the phenomenon, many foreigners say competing with friends to grab red packets in 3. WeChat group can be a lot of fun.
Mattias Klement, 27, a Swede who has been living in China for years, said more foreigners have started to take part in this 4. (active) because of the popularity of the WeChat wallet.
“I think it is 5. (main) because more and more places now allow paying with WeChat. It's also fun to just involve 6. (you) in the culture of it,” said Klement. Two years ago, when some friends 7. (send) him 5.20 or 8.88 yuan red packets, he had no clue about the 8. (hide) meanings. Now, he is not only quite familiar with them 9. has also been used to sending some.
“It's nice to be able to say ‘I love you’ with 5.20 yuan, I guess,” he said, laughing.“I also remember 10. (try) to trick some of my friends off by paying back 99.99 instead of 100 just for fun.”
专题5 正反解读介词
【高考链接】
1.in get a degree in是固定搭配,意为“在……方面获得学位”。
2.after 句意:我告诉她,她咳嗽了一整晚以后不应该再去游泳了,但是她不听我的建议。after 在……之后。
3.for 在时间段前用for,表示“一段时间”。
4.to 此处是thanks to的固定结构,表示“幸亏,由于……”。
5.to 此处是动词与介词的固定搭配。go back to表示“回到”。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.by 句意:随着经济的发展,我们的收入在不到一年的时间里增加了10%。increase by 表示“增加了……”。
2.with 句意:这本词典正好是我想要的那本,可是我没带够钱。with在此表示“有,带有”。
3.In 句意:最后,年轻人发现努力工作本身真的是一种财富。in the end意为“最后”,符合句意,故填In。
4.to 句意:你听说过作为陆地上和海洋里的动物的栖息地的树吗 be home to…意为“是……的栖息地”,为固定短语。
5.over 句意:听到这条坏消息,那位女士用手捂住眼睛哭了出来。over意为“覆盖”,符合句意,故填over。
6.beyond beyond sb 某人所不能及。
7.by 表示通过某种方式用by。句意:我们需要通过少开车和开发可再生能源来阻止污染。
8.out 句意:这本词典过时了:自从它出版以来,这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date意为“过时”。
9.on focus on致力于,使聚焦于。
10.at at the beginning of…在……开始。
11.about 句意:在高中,我变得对电脑感兴趣,而且建立了我自己的第一个网站。be curious about对……感到好奇。
12.to contribute…to…向……捐献……。
13.of 句意:父母应积极督促他们的孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用。
14.In 句意:那个年轻人诚实、配合,总是在你需要他的时候帮助你。总之,他很可靠。 in short 总之。
15.in 句意:研究表明,我们成长的文化影响我们看待我们周围世界的基本过程。we grow up in 是定语从句,省略了引导词that/which,与culture搭配用in,故填介词 in。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.on改为of 分析语境可知此处表示“在路中间急刹车”。in the middle of表示“在……的中央”。
2.becoming前加of 3. in改为on
4. to改为for 5.on改为in
Ⅲ.语法填空
【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了发红包很受欢迎的事情。由于微信钱包的普及,越来越多的人使用微信支付,并开始参加这个活动,红包的金额暗含了不同的意思,这种文化给人们的生活带来了乐趣。
1.in 考查介词。join in参加。语境:一些外国人也加入中国朋友,发送或抢红包。
2.occasions 考查名词复数形式。occasion是可数名词,根据上文other special可知用复数形式occasions。
3.a 考查冠词。in a group/in groups成群结队地。语境:许多外国人说,和朋友们一起抢红包是很有趣的。
4.activity 考查词性转化。作介词宾语用名词,故填activity,表示“活动”。
5.mainly 考查副词。修饰句子用副词。句意:我认为这主要是因为现在越来越多的地方允许使用微信支付。
6.yourself 考查反身代词。语境:将自己融入这样的文化也是很有趣的。
7.sent 考查动词时态。根据上文“Two years ago…”可知,此句用一般过去时。故填sent。
8.hidden 考查分词形容词。hidden隐藏的,神秘的,秘密的。语境:关于钱的数目暗含的意思,他没有一点儿线索。故此处应填分词形容词hidden。
9.but 考查固定用法。not only…but also…不但……而且……。
10.trying 考查动词用法。remember doing sth记得做过某事。句意:“我”还记得,“我”试着用99.99(元)代替100(元)来捉弄“我”的一些朋友,只是为了好玩。
1. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.
2. I told her she shouldn't swim a whole night's coughing, but she refused to give up.
3. The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years.
4. Thanks Robin, I've found the courage to believe in myself as I go out into the world on my own.
5. But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s…
考点一 介词的基本用法
常用介词(短语)如in,on,for,with,against,of,beyond,out of,across等含义较多,应全面把握。
规则1against有“违背,违逆;反对;对……不利;倚;靠;碰撞;预防;衬托”之意。
Vacations help us perform better at work,improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
假期帮助我们在工作中表现得更好,提高我们的睡眠质量和缓解忧愁。
规则2beyond可表示范围、限度,意为“超出,为……所不及”。
“I came to thank you,”she said,surprising me beyond speech.
“我是来感谢你的,”她说,这让我惊讶得说不出话来。
[温馨提示] beyond words/description/imagination/belief/one's reach/one's control,意为“无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/想象不出来/无法相信/够不着/无法控制”。
规则3by可表示程度或增减的幅度,还可作“按;以……计;依据”讲。
As far as I know,workers are generally paid by the month.
据我所知,工人们的工资通常按月来付。
规则4for有“就……而言;从……来看;达,计;为……”之意。
The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。
规则5off有“离开;偏离”之意。
She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.
她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。
规则6across有“横跨”之意。
Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders
你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了
规则7on/upon有“刚……就;一……就”之意,后接名词或动词-ing形式。
Upon graduation,Charlotte returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic.
夏洛特一毕业就回到了蒙特利尔,开了一个私人诊所。
规则8over可表示时间,意为“在……期间;直到……结束”。
①Talks with the teachers' union over the weekend have averted a strike.
周末与教师工会的谈判避免了一场罢工。
②Over coffee,she lit a cigarette,her eyes daring him to comment.
喝咖啡时,她点燃了一支烟,用挑衅的眼神看着他,谅他也不敢吭声。
规则9within可表示范围、程度,意为“在……之内”。
The government was doing everything within its power to help the victims.
政府正尽其所能地帮助那些受害者。
规则of表示“在……范围内”。
①The ceasefire resolution calls for the release of all prisoners of war.
停火决议要求释放所有战俘。
②A common memory they all have of their schooldays is the school uniform.
他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。
考点二 介词的搭配
规则1与介词in搭配的常用短语
in a way在某种程度上
in no way没门
in the way挡住道路
in vain徒劳
in general 通常,大体上
in detail 详细地
in turn 轮流
in return 作为回报
in need 需要
in time 迟早;及时
规则2与out of搭配的常用短语
out of date/time 过时/过期
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能
out of shape 变形
out of fashion 不流行
out of order 出了故障
out of reach 遥不可及
规则3“in+名词+of”常用搭配
in honour of 为纪念……
in charge of 负责;掌管
in terms of 依据;就……而言
in praise of 赞扬
in favour of 支持;赞同
in need of 需要
规则4与介词at搭配的常用短语
at no time 决不
at a time 一次/每次
at one time 一度/曾经
at times 不时地/有时
at one's request 应某人的要求
at a loss 不知所措
规则5其他常考短语
on behalf of 代表
by chance/accident 偶然
after all 毕竟;别忘了
regardless of 不管,不顾
on the whole 总的来说
on the contrary 相反
误区之一 介词词义的误用
(1)【误】 The bridge on the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.
【正】 The bridge over the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.
[分析] on改为over。 over通常指“正对……的上方”,表示两个物体之间垂直的相对位置;on指线上或面上的接触点,仅在两个物体互相接触的情况下表示“在……上面”。
(2)【误】 In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing often.
【正】 In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing often.
[分析] with改为by。此处用by表示方式。by writing 意为“通过写信”。本题不是keep in touch with的固定搭配。
误区之二 介词搭配的误用
【误】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich of vitamins.
【正】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins.
[分析] be rich in是固定搭配,意为“富含……”。根据语境可知把of改为in。
误区之三 介词的缺失错误
【误】 If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.
【正】 If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait for your teacher to lead you outside.
[分析] wait for是固定搭配,意为“等待”,由于其后有宾语your teacher,故需要加介词for。
误区之四 介词的冗余错误
【误】 We,together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home in last week.
【正】 We,together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home last week.
[分析] last week本身就是一个完整的时间状语,其前面不要加in或on。
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.With the development of economy, our income has increased 10% in less than a year.
2. The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money me.
3. the end, the young men found that working hard is truly a treasure in itself.
4.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and in the sea
5. At the bad news, the woman put her hands her eyes and cried out.
6. I'm afraid physics is completely me and I have to ask you for help.
7.We need to prevent pollution driving cars less and developing renewable energy.
8.The dictionary is of date:many words have been added to the language since it was published.
9.The talks will focus economic development of the region.
10.Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.
11.In high school, I became curious the computer, and built my first website.
12.Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money a cause.
13.Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage the opportunity to join sports teams.
14.That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. short, he's reliable.
15.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
2. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.
3. While they chatted,my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.
4. Now I am leaving home to college.
5.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Like the native Chinese, some foreigners have started to join their Chinese friends 1. sending or grabbing virtual red packets during the Spring Festival and other special 2. (occasion). Attracted by the unique way of interacting with people as well as the culture that gave birth to the phenomenon, many foreigners say competing with friends to grab red packets in 3. WeChat group can be a lot of fun.
Mattias Klement, 27, a Swede who has been living in China for years, said more foreigners have started to take part in this 4. (active) because of the popularity of the WeChat wallet.
“I think it is 5. (main) because more and more places now allow paying with WeChat. It's also fun to just involve 6. (you) in the culture of it,” said Klement. Two years ago, when some friends 7. (send) him 5.20 or 8.88 yuan red packets, he had no clue about the 8. (hide) meanings. Now, he is not only quite familiar with them 9. has also been used to sending some.
“It's nice to be able to say ‘I love you’ with 5.20 yuan, I guess,” he said, laughing.“I also remember 10. (try) to trick some of my friends off by paying back 99.99 instead of 100 just for fun.”
专题5 正反解读介词
【高考链接】
1.in get a degree in是固定搭配,意为“在……方面获得学位”。
2.after 句意:我告诉她,她咳嗽了一整晚以后不应该再去游泳了,但是她不听我的建议。after 在……之后。
3.for 在时间段前用for,表示“一段时间”。
4.to 此处是thanks to的固定结构,表示“幸亏,由于……”。
5.to 此处是动词与介词的固定搭配。go back to表示“回到”。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.by 句意:随着经济的发展,我们的收入在不到一年的时间里增加了10%。increase by 表示“增加了……”。
2.with 句意:这本词典正好是我想要的那本,可是我没带够钱。with在此表示“有,带有”。
3.In 句意:最后,年轻人发现努力工作本身真的是一种财富。in the end意为“最后”,符合句意,故填In。
4.to 句意:你听说过作为陆地上和海洋里的动物的栖息地的树吗 be home to…意为“是……的栖息地”,为固定短语。
5.over 句意:听到这条坏消息,那位女士用手捂住眼睛哭了出来。over意为“覆盖”,符合句意,故填over。
6.beyond beyond sb 某人所不能及。
7.by 表示通过某种方式用by。句意:我们需要通过少开车和开发可再生能源来阻止污染。
8.out 句意:这本词典过时了:自从它出版以来,这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date意为“过时”。
9.on focus on致力于,使聚焦于。
10.at at the beginning of…在……开始。
11.about 句意:在高中,我变得对电脑感兴趣,而且建立了我自己的第一个网站。be curious about对……感到好奇。
12.to contribute…to…向……捐献……。
13.of 句意:父母应积极督促他们的孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用。
14.In 句意:那个年轻人诚实、配合,总是在你需要他的时候帮助你。总之,他很可靠。 in short 总之。
15.in 句意:研究表明,我们成长的文化影响我们看待我们周围世界的基本过程。we grow up in 是定语从句,省略了引导词that/which,与culture搭配用in,故填介词 in。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.on改为of 分析语境可知此处表示“在路中间急刹车”。in the middle of表示“在……的中央”。
2.becoming前加of 3. in改为on
4. to改为for 5.on改为in
Ⅲ.语法填空
【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了发红包很受欢迎的事情。由于微信钱包的普及,越来越多的人使用微信支付,并开始参加这个活动,红包的金额暗含了不同的意思,这种文化给人们的生活带来了乐趣。
1.in 考查介词。join in参加。语境:一些外国人也加入中国朋友,发送或抢红包。
2.occasions 考查名词复数形式。occasion是可数名词,根据上文other special可知用复数形式occasions。
3.a 考查冠词。in a group/in groups成群结队地。语境:许多外国人说,和朋友们一起抢红包是很有趣的。
4.activity 考查词性转化。作介词宾语用名词,故填activity,表示“活动”。
5.mainly 考查副词。修饰句子用副词。句意:我认为这主要是因为现在越来越多的地方允许使用微信支付。
6.yourself 考查反身代词。语境:将自己融入这样的文化也是很有趣的。
7.sent 考查动词时态。根据上文“Two years ago…”可知,此句用一般过去时。故填sent。
8.hidden 考查分词形容词。hidden隐藏的,神秘的,秘密的。语境:关于钱的数目暗含的意思,他没有一点儿线索。故此处应填分词形容词hidden。
9.but 考查固定用法。not only…but also…不但……而且……。
10.trying 考查动词用法。remember doing sth记得做过某事。句意:“我”还记得,“我”试着用99.99(元)代替100(元)来捉弄“我”的一些朋友,只是为了好玩。