高考英语复习：语法专题 专题11　正反解读并列连词和状语从句学案（含答案）

专题11　正反解读并列连词和状语从句
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. Pahlsson screamed　　　　loudly that her daughter came running from the house.
2. Over time, 　　　　the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
3. 　　　　I didn't know her then, I've heard lots of her stories.
4. In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 　　　　Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
5. One day, the cow was eating grass 　　　　it began to rain heavily.
考点一　 并列句的4种类型
①She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
她说她会迟到,但她却准时到达了。
②—Peter, please send us postcards so we'll know where you have visited.
—No problem.
“彼得, 请发给我们明信片以便我们能知道你参观过的地方。”“没问题。”
[温馨提示] ①表并列、递进或顺承关系用:and, both…and…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…
②表转折、对比关系用:but, yet, while
③表选择关系用:or, otherwise, or else, either…or…, not…but…
④表因果关系用:so, for (表“由于”,一般不放在句首)
考点二　祈使句+and/or+陈述句句式
①Find ways to praise your children often,and you'll find they will open their hearts to you.
=If you find ways to praise your children often, you'll find they will open their hearts to you.
如果你经常找方法表扬你的孩子,你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。
②Hurry up or we will be late.
=If you don't hurry up,we will be late.
快点儿,否则我们就迟到了。
③A few more efforts and you will succeed.
=If you make a few more efforts,you will succeed.
再努力些,你会成功的。
[温馨提示] and与or/otherwise用于并列句,表示顺承关系用“祈使句+and+陈述句”,表示转折关系用“祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句”。
考点三　时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有when, whenever, as, while, before, until, not…until…, ever since, as soon as等。
①If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.
如果你遇到不明白的东西,你可以研究、学习、与人交流,直到你弄清楚。
②Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关窗户,这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。
③The moment I heard the voice,I knew Father was coming.
我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。
[温馨提示] ① when 通常意为“当……时候, 正在那时……”;be about to do…when…意为“正要……这时……”。 while从句只能用延续性动词,意为“在……期间”。as 表示主句和从句的动作几乎同步进行,意为“一边……,一边……; 随着……”。
②before 意为“在……之前;还没来得及;很久……才;……不久就”。
③until在肯定句中,表示“到……为止”;在否定句中,常与not连用,表示“直到……才开始”。
④as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant等,常译为“一……就……”。
⑤no sooner…than 和hardly…when/before引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时。若把no sooner, hardly提到句首,主句需要倒装。
⑥特殊的时间状语从句的连词有:every time 每当,每次;the first time 第一次……的时候;next time 下次……时。
考点四　条件状语从句
条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as/so long as 等连词引导。此外,on condition(that)(只要),provided(that),providing(that)(假若;倘使),supposing(that)等也可以引导条件状语从句。
①You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far from the river bank.
只要不离河岸太远你就能去游泳。
②Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do
假设明天下雨我们要做什么呢
考点五　地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导,从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。
①The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.
那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她的母亲。
②Keep in touch with your family members wherever you are in the world.
不管你在世界上的什么地方,都要跟家人保持联系。
考点六　让步状语从句
让步状语从句通常由although/though(尽管,虽然),even though/even if(即使);whether…or…(不管……还是……);疑问词+-ever(不管……;无论),如whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever等;no matter+疑问词(不管……;无论……)。
①Even if he did say so, we could not be sure that he was telling the truth.
即使他真的这样说,我们也不能确定他说了真话。
②Although birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
虽然鸟儿用它们的羽毛来飞行, 但是有些羽毛也可用作其他用途。
③Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.
无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
[温馨提示] as引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序,though引导时则可用倒装语序或自然语序。从属连词while也可以引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”。
④Difficult as the task was,they managed to finish it in time.
虽然这项任务很难,但他们还是设法及时完成了。
考点七　原因状语从句
原因状语从句常用because, since, as引导,还可用seeing that(既然), now that(既然), considering that/who/how…(考虑到……), in that(因为), not that…but that(不是因为……而是因为)等引导。
①Now that they've got to know each other a little better, they get along well.
由于彼此之间有了进一步了解,他们相处得不错。
②John did quite well in his exams considering how little he studied.
考虑到约翰才学了那么一点儿,他考得已经很不错了。
考点八　结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so…that…,such…that…。在非正式语体中,由so…that…,such…that…引导的句子中的that可以省略。
①He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.
=He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.
他如此有学问,以至于我们非常赞赏他。
②It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。
③He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
=He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.
他是一名如此聪明的学生,以至于他能够解决所有难题。
考点九　方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as,as if,as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况与事实相符或很可能实现,可不用虚拟语气。
①The past year has been blotted out as if it had never been.
去年的事已淡忘,好像从未发生过一样。
②The house was greatly damaged by the truck.We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.
卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。
考点十　目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that,in order that,for fear that,in case (that)/lest等。
①When he goes out,he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.
他出门的时候常戴着墨镜,以便没人能认出他。
②The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
那个男孩藏在树后面,以防他父亲看到他。
误区之一　 并列连词的误用
(1)【误】 I was about to leave while I found someone trying to steal a man's money.
【正】 I was about to leave when I found someone trying to steal a man's money.
[分析] while改为when。be about to do…when…正要做……这时……。
(2)【误】 Come a little earlier next time,and you'll miss the best part of the TV play.
【正】 Come a little earlier next time,or/otherwise you'll miss the best part of the TV play.
[分析] and改为or/otherwise。此句是“祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句”句型。
误区之二　并列连词的缺失
(1)【误】 We bought her a birthday present, she liked it very much.
【正】 We bought her a birthday present, and she liked it very much.
[分析] she前加and。分析句式可知,两个分句之间缺少连词,结合句意“我们给她买了生日礼物,而且她很喜欢”可知前后分句之间是并列关系,故在she前加and。
(2)【误】 Everyone in the town knew him,we had no trouble finding his house.
【正】 Everyone in the town knew him,so we had no trouble finding his house.
[分析] we前加so。分析句式可知,两个分句之间缺少连词,结合句意“镇上谁都认识他,因此我们毫不费力就找到了他的家”可知前后分句之间是因果关系,故在we前加so。
误区之三　状语从句连接词的误用
(1)【误】 It was three days when the missing boy was found in a cave.
【正】 It was three days before the missing boy was found in a cave.
[分析] when改为before。固定句型“It was+时间段+before…”意为“过了好久才……”。
(2)【误】 Unless you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me.
【正】 If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me.
[分析] Unless改为If。If…not…相当于unless,根据句意“如果你有任何问题,请随时联系我”可知Unless应改为If。
误区之四　并列连词和状语从句连接词的重复误用
(1)【误】 Although she felt ill, but she still went to work.
【正】 Although she felt ill, she still went to work.
[分析] 去掉but。在主从复合句中,although, though不和but连用。
(2)【误】 Because the rent was that expensive,so they actually moved down from upstairs.
【正】 Because the rent was that expensive, they actually moved down from upstairs.
[分析] 去掉so。在because引导的原因状语从句中,不能使用so。
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. Though it has been only one year 　　　　he came to the city, he knows every street here like the back of his hand.
2. You can smoke here 　　　　you leave a window open to let the smoke out.
3. We still have a long way to go even 　　　　our project has been carried out smoothly so far.
4. Give me a chance, 　　　　I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
5. The poor dog lay at the end of the driveway and hardly moved. I was very sad, 　　　　dared not say anything to my mother.
6. Never lose heart 　　　　you'll make a quick advance in your project.
7. I think we'd better keep to the subject, 　　　　we'll waste our time.
8.Be careful with your machine, 　　　　you'll be hurt.
9.I really enjoy listening to music　　　　it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
10.　　　　the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for.
11.Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him 　　　　he came back from hospital.
12.When you have bought some fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator 　　　　you don't cook it immediately.
13.The explosion rocked the lake with such a force　　　　 dead fish immediately began to surface.
14. If you notice that when someone is missing 　　　　hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
15.　　　　 he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.

2.If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.

3. Mum has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the housework.

4. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.

5.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.

Ⅲ.语法填空
My wife and I were to help with the fund raising event in the community hall. Early that morning we were about to hurry out 1.　　　　 suddenly my wife told me that she 2.　　　　 (forget) to make a cheesecake that was to be part of the auction(拍卖). I decided to stay at home and make the cheesecake. My wife told me to get it done and be there on time.
3.　　　　 (sad), I found that we had run out of stuff necessary for a cheesecake. I had to come up with something else. And the only thing I could find was a bag of dog 4.　　　　 (treat)—milk bones. I'm sure I had enough to make my cheesecake 5.　　　　 obviously I had to be the one to buy it at the auction so it wouldn't fall 6.　　　　 someone's hands. I figured I could get away with it.
Thus, the cheesecake was created with the good old milk bones and turned out to be 7.　　　　 delight to see. After 8.　　　　 (cool) it in the fridge, I set off to the hall. I placed the cheesecake on the table for the auction and went to find my wife to tell her 9.　　　　 was happening. A few minutes later, I returned to the auction table, only to find the cake was 10.　　　　 (go)—it had been bought by someone even before the auction. Oh, no!
专题11　正反解读并列连词和状语从句
【高考链接】
1.so　此处是“so…that…”结构,表示“如此……以至于……”。
2.as/when　句意:随着时间的推移,当人口增长的时候,人们开始把大块食物切成小块,以便更快地煮熟。故填as或when,表示“当……的时候”。
3.Although/Though/While　句意:尽管那时我不认识她,但听说过许多关于她的故事。根据两句之间的逻辑关系可知用although/though/while引导状语从句,表示“虽然……”,首字母大写。
4.and　China, Japan, Korea 和Vietnam为并列关系。
5.when　句意:有一天,牛正在吃草这时突然下起了大雨。固定句型be doing sth…when…意为“正在做……这时……”。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.since　句意:尽管他来这座城市仅仅一年,但是他对这儿的每条街道了如指掌。本题考查固定句型“it has been+时间段+since…”,表示“自从……已经多久了”。
2.if　句意:如果你留一扇窗户使烟散出去,你就可以在这里吸烟。根据句意可知,此处为条件状语从句,表示“如果”,故填if。
3.though/if　句意:尽管我们的计划到目前为止执行得很顺利,我们仍然有很长的一段路要走。此处even though/if引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”,故填though或if。
4.and　句意:给我一个机会,我将还你一个惊喜。本句为固定句型:祈使句+and/or+陈述句。根据句意,前后为递进关系,故填连词and。
5.but　句意:那只可怜的狗躺在车道的尽头,几乎不动。我很伤心,但是不敢跟妈妈说什么。根据句意可知,第二句前后两部分之间为转折关系,故填连词but。
6.and　句意:别灰心,你的项目会很快取得进展的。本题为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,根据句意可知前后为顺承关系,故填and。
7.or　两句之间必须填连词,结合语意可知答案是or。句意:我认为我们最好谈正事,否则我们将浪费我们的时间。
8.or/otherwise　此句是“祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句”结构。
9.because　句意:我真的很喜欢听音乐,因为它有助于我放松,让我忘记一天中的其他忧虑。根据句意可知,句子前后为因果关系,故填because。
10.As　句意:随着人口平均寿命的延长,越来越多的老人需要被照顾。as在此处引导状语从句,表示“随着”。
11.after　句意:当他从医院回来之后,我去看望他。故用after。
12.if　句意:当你买了鱼回家的时候,如果你不立刻做的话,最好先把鱼放到冰箱里。由此可以看出是条件关系。
13.that　固定结构such…that…意为“如此……以至于……”。
14.or　用or表示选择关系。
15.Where　句意:在他曾经想要放弃的地方,他现在有决心继续前行。根据句意可知用where引导状语从句,表示“在……地方”。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.so改为but或yet　根据句意可知,作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的指令,结果一发动车,脑中一片空白。前后文为转折关系,故将so改为but或yet。
2.but改为and　3. so改为but
4.去掉but　5. or改为and
Ⅲ.语法填空
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文, 主要讲述了作者在几乎没有什么原材料的情况下做了用来拍卖筹集资金的蛋糕的有趣故事。
1.when 　考查连词。根据固定句型:be about to do sth when… 意为“要做某事时,突然……”,故用when引导时间状语从句。
2.had forgotten 　考查动词时态。与语境told呼应可知,且forget发生在told之前,表示过去的过去,故用过去完成时。
3.Sadly 　考查副词。副词修饰动词、副词、形容词或者整个句子,在句子中作状语,故用副词sadly修饰整个句子,和逗号呼应。
4.treats　考查名词复数。a bag of treats 一袋狗粮, 因此用复数treats。
5.but 　考查连词。根据语境可知,上下句表示逻辑上的转折关系,故用连词but。
6.into/in 　考查介词。 根据固定词组搭配fall in/into one's hand意为“落入某人之手”,符合语境,故用介词into/in。
7.a 　考查冠词。delight此处是抽象名词具体化,表示令人高兴的一件事物,符合语境,故用不定冠词修饰。
8. cooling 　考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语,故用动名词cooling作介词after的宾语。
9. what 　考查连词。what引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语。
10.gone 　考查非谓语动词。此处gone是过去分词作形容词,在句子中作表语,意为“不见了”,符合语境。