高考英语复习：语法专题 专题13 正反解读主谓一致和数词学案（含答案）
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专题13 正反解读主谓一致和数词
1. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.
2. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.
3. It is important to remember that success (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often (take) years to achieve.
4. All we need (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
5. The famous musician, as well as his students, (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
考点一 主谓一致
规则1意义一致原则
①The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。
②Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.
很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。
③Only 60 per cent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
④Every boy and every girl is asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 tomorrow morning.
所有男女生要求明天早上7:30之前在学校门口集合。
[温馨提示] ①由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体),谓语动词用单数。
②“no/each/every+单数名词+and+no/each/every+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
③非谓语动词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
④表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数。
⑤many a/more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
规则2就近一致原则
①Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.
或者你或者我要负责这件事。
②Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。
[温馨提示] ①由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but (also)连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。
②there be句型中,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
规则3语法一致原则
①The majority of visitors were in favour of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was simply surprising. 大多数的访客都支持他的结论:在这个主题方面出版的书的数量真是令人惊讶。
②With more and more forests being destroyed,a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
=With more and more forests being destroyed,quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被破坏,每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
[温馨提示] ①主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。
②a quantity of接名词时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词,后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。
③由“kind (form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of”等修饰的主语,其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。
④主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等附属成分时,谓语动词的数要与其前面的主语保持一致。
考点二 数词
数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。
规则1 表示事物数量的多少,特别是hundred,thousand,million, billion等,前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,它们只能用单数形式;在表示不确切数目时,它们用复数,且后面加of再加所修饰的名词。two hundred people;millions of people。
规则2 序数词一般由“基数词+th”构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加eth。如twentieth; fiftieth。常用的不规则的序数词有first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一,又一”时,前面要用不定冠词a/an。
规则3 年代的表达是“the+年代-s”或“the+年代-'s”。
规则4 分数的表达是分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于“1”时,分母要用复数形式。
误区之一 名词作主语时谓语动词单复数的误用
【误】 My dream school look like a big garden.
【正】 My dream school looks like a big garden.
[分析] look改为looks。主语my dream school是单数,故谓语也应该用单数。
误区之二 非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致的误用
【误】 What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
【正】 What I liked best was the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
[分析] were改为was。名词性从句作主语时,谓语用单数。
误区之三 “就近”与“就远”原则主谓一致的误用
(1)【误】 The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon.
【正】 The teacher, as well as his students, is going to see the film this afternoon.
[分析] are改为is。当as well as连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词与前面的名词的形式保持一致。
(2)【误】 Not only my parents but also I are good at dancing and singing.
【正】 Not only my parents but also I am good at dancing and singing.
[分析] are改为am。not only…but also…连接主语时,谓语遵守就近一致原则。
误区之四 倒装句的主谓一致的误用
【误】 Among all my friends are a special one I'm most thankful to.
【正】 Among all my friends is a special one I'm most thankful to.
[分析] are改为is。此句是倒装句,主语a special one是单数,故谓语也用单数。
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. Large quantities of water, as well as some other timely help including a medical team, (offer) since the serious drought hit Yunnan Province.
2.Strangely enough,a pair of new trousers (find) in a pile of rubbish yesterday.
3.Nothing but some ancient Chinese coins (find) in the sunken ship since they began the exploration.
4. A survey shows that four hours of exercise every week (be) good for our health.
5.The murderer, together with his two brothers, (sentence) to death just now.
6. Many a student (select) to take part in the English competition,and more than one teacher has coached them on speaking and writing.
7.Lots of money (spend) on the bridge, which was expected to be completed the next month.
8.The following (be) some simple tips that help parents create a reader-friendly home for themselves and their children.
9.It is you, rather than he, that (be) to blame for the accident.
10. Between the two rows of trees (stand) our teaching building, which is made of stones and red bricks.
11.The drug used to treat this disease causes side effects, some of which (be) deadly.
12. Atlanta, as well as many other big cities, (be) once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centres of the USA right now.
13. As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area (need) rebuilding now.
14.The number of new energy vehicles in China's cities (expect) to reach 39,000 by the end of this month, according to Wan Gang, Chinese Minister of Science and Technology.
15.A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake (send) to live with families in other cities.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Fast food are full of fat and salt.
2.He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.
3.I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together.
4.When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.
5. Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party yesterday.
Ⅲ.语法填空
It seemed like another ordinary day. My family and I had decided to spend the day on the beach. I sat in the sun 1. (watch) the children playing. I was just going to have a swim 2. I noticed a strange object in the sea. 3. my horror, I realized the “object” was a child drowning. Without hesitation I jumped into the water and 4. (grab) the child. With my free arms I swam back to the shore. The child, 5. was a boy of about five, was like a deadweight but I felt powered by a superhuman strength.
I laid the unconscious boy 6. (gentle) on the ground and gave him first aid, which brought him back to life immediately. A large crowd gathered and someone told me an ambulance was on its way. By the time the ambulance arrived, to my great relief, the boy was sitting up and talking.
The boy's parents were 7. (delight) with his quick 8. (recover). They telephoned me later to thank me. I recommend that all students in school learn how to swim. I'd also like 9. (remind) everyone to take care near the sea, rivers or swimming pools. You can drown much 10. (easily) than you think.
专题13 正反解读主谓一致和数词
【高考链接】
1.is 本句是动名词短语作主语,因此谓语动词使用单数形式。
2.were 此句是并列句,宾语从句的主语是knives,因此be应用复数形式,再结合前半句“Confucius believed knives would remind…”可知填be的过去式were。
3.is; takes and连接的是两个并列谓语,其主语都是不可数名词success,故谓语都用单数形式。句意:重要的是要记住,成功是每天的细小努力汇集而成的,常常需要多年的努力来达成。
4.is 句意:我们所需要的只是一小块在一年的成长季节里能够种植各种各样的果树的土地。all作主语时,如指复数概念,动词用复数;如指单数概念,动词用单数。根据后面的a small piece of land可知这里表示单数概念。
5.was invited as well as, together with, like等介词或介词短语连接并列主语时, 谓语动词应与介词或介词短语之前的主语保持一致。 此句复合介词前的主语是musician, 故谓语用单数。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.have been offered 2. was found 3. has been found
4. is 5.was sentenced 6. was/has been selected
7. was spent 8.are 9. are 10. stands
11. are 12. is 13. need
14.is expected 15. were sent
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.are改为is
2.was改为were 3. picture改为pictures
4.cup改为cups 5. were改为was
Ⅲ.语法填空
【文章大意】 作者和家人在海滨度假时,拯救了一个溺水的男孩。
1.watching 考查非谓语动词。v-ing作伴随状语。
2.when 考查固定句型。be doing sth… when… 正在做某事,这时……。
3.To 考查介词。to one's horror 令人感到惊恐的是。
4.grabbed 考查动词时态。 and连接的是并列结构,根据and前的动词jumped可知,此处也应该是动词过去式。
5.who 考查定语从句。先行词为the child, 在定语从句中作主语,因此用who。
6.gently 考查副词。修饰动词laid,应该用副词。
7.delighted 考查形容词。be delighted with (人)感到高兴的是。
8.recovery 考查名词。形容词quick修饰名词recovery。
9.to remind 考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth 愿意做某事。
10.more easily 考查副词比较级。根据than可知应该用比较级。easily的比较级为more easily。
1. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.
2. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.
3. It is important to remember that success (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often (take) years to achieve.
4. All we need (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
5. The famous musician, as well as his students, (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
考点一 主谓一致
规则1意义一致原则
①The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。
②Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.
很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。
③Only 60 per cent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
④Every boy and every girl is asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 tomorrow morning.
所有男女生要求明天早上7:30之前在学校门口集合。
[温馨提示] ①由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体),谓语动词用单数。
②“no/each/every+单数名词+and+no/each/every+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
③非谓语动词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
④表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数。
⑤many a/more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
规则2就近一致原则
①Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.
或者你或者我要负责这件事。
②Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。
[温馨提示] ①由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but (also)连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。
②there be句型中,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
规则3语法一致原则
①The majority of visitors were in favour of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was simply surprising. 大多数的访客都支持他的结论:在这个主题方面出版的书的数量真是令人惊讶。
②With more and more forests being destroyed,a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
=With more and more forests being destroyed,quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被破坏,每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
[温馨提示] ①主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。
②a quantity of接名词时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词,后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。
③由“kind (form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of”等修饰的主语,其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。
④主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等附属成分时,谓语动词的数要与其前面的主语保持一致。
考点二 数词
数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。
规则1 表示事物数量的多少,特别是hundred,thousand,million, billion等,前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,它们只能用单数形式;在表示不确切数目时,它们用复数,且后面加of再加所修饰的名词。two hundred people;millions of people。
规则2 序数词一般由“基数词+th”构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加eth。如twentieth; fiftieth。常用的不规则的序数词有first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一,又一”时,前面要用不定冠词a/an。
规则3 年代的表达是“the+年代-s”或“the+年代-'s”。
规则4 分数的表达是分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于“1”时,分母要用复数形式。
误区之一 名词作主语时谓语动词单复数的误用
【误】 My dream school look like a big garden.
【正】 My dream school looks like a big garden.
[分析] look改为looks。主语my dream school是单数,故谓语也应该用单数。
误区之二 非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致的误用
【误】 What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
【正】 What I liked best was the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
[分析] were改为was。名词性从句作主语时,谓语用单数。
误区之三 “就近”与“就远”原则主谓一致的误用
(1)【误】 The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon.
【正】 The teacher, as well as his students, is going to see the film this afternoon.
[分析] are改为is。当as well as连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词与前面的名词的形式保持一致。
(2)【误】 Not only my parents but also I are good at dancing and singing.
【正】 Not only my parents but also I am good at dancing and singing.
[分析] are改为am。not only…but also…连接主语时,谓语遵守就近一致原则。
误区之四 倒装句的主谓一致的误用
【误】 Among all my friends are a special one I'm most thankful to.
【正】 Among all my friends is a special one I'm most thankful to.
[分析] are改为is。此句是倒装句,主语a special one是单数,故谓语也用单数。
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. Large quantities of water, as well as some other timely help including a medical team, (offer) since the serious drought hit Yunnan Province.
2.Strangely enough,a pair of new trousers (find) in a pile of rubbish yesterday.
3.Nothing but some ancient Chinese coins (find) in the sunken ship since they began the exploration.
4. A survey shows that four hours of exercise every week (be) good for our health.
5.The murderer, together with his two brothers, (sentence) to death just now.
6. Many a student (select) to take part in the English competition,and more than one teacher has coached them on speaking and writing.
7.Lots of money (spend) on the bridge, which was expected to be completed the next month.
8.The following (be) some simple tips that help parents create a reader-friendly home for themselves and their children.
9.It is you, rather than he, that (be) to blame for the accident.
10. Between the two rows of trees (stand) our teaching building, which is made of stones and red bricks.
11.The drug used to treat this disease causes side effects, some of which (be) deadly.
12. Atlanta, as well as many other big cities, (be) once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centres of the USA right now.
13. As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area (need) rebuilding now.
14.The number of new energy vehicles in China's cities (expect) to reach 39,000 by the end of this month, according to Wan Gang, Chinese Minister of Science and Technology.
15.A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake (send) to live with families in other cities.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Fast food are full of fat and salt.
2.He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.
3.I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together.
4.When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.
5. Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party yesterday.
Ⅲ.语法填空
It seemed like another ordinary day. My family and I had decided to spend the day on the beach. I sat in the sun 1. (watch) the children playing. I was just going to have a swim 2. I noticed a strange object in the sea. 3. my horror, I realized the “object” was a child drowning. Without hesitation I jumped into the water and 4. (grab) the child. With my free arms I swam back to the shore. The child, 5. was a boy of about five, was like a deadweight but I felt powered by a superhuman strength.
I laid the unconscious boy 6. (gentle) on the ground and gave him first aid, which brought him back to life immediately. A large crowd gathered and someone told me an ambulance was on its way. By the time the ambulance arrived, to my great relief, the boy was sitting up and talking.
The boy's parents were 7. (delight) with his quick 8. (recover). They telephoned me later to thank me. I recommend that all students in school learn how to swim. I'd also like 9. (remind) everyone to take care near the sea, rivers or swimming pools. You can drown much 10. (easily) than you think.
专题13 正反解读主谓一致和数词
【高考链接】
1.is 本句是动名词短语作主语,因此谓语动词使用单数形式。
2.were 此句是并列句,宾语从句的主语是knives,因此be应用复数形式,再结合前半句“Confucius believed knives would remind…”可知填be的过去式were。
3.is; takes and连接的是两个并列谓语,其主语都是不可数名词success,故谓语都用单数形式。句意:重要的是要记住,成功是每天的细小努力汇集而成的,常常需要多年的努力来达成。
4.is 句意:我们所需要的只是一小块在一年的成长季节里能够种植各种各样的果树的土地。all作主语时,如指复数概念,动词用复数;如指单数概念,动词用单数。根据后面的a small piece of land可知这里表示单数概念。
5.was invited as well as, together with, like等介词或介词短语连接并列主语时, 谓语动词应与介词或介词短语之前的主语保持一致。 此句复合介词前的主语是musician, 故谓语用单数。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.have been offered 2. was found 3. has been found
4. is 5.was sentenced 6. was/has been selected
7. was spent 8.are 9. are 10. stands
11. are 12. is 13. need
14.is expected 15. were sent
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.are改为is
2.was改为were 3. picture改为pictures
4.cup改为cups 5. were改为was
Ⅲ.语法填空
【文章大意】 作者和家人在海滨度假时,拯救了一个溺水的男孩。
1.watching 考查非谓语动词。v-ing作伴随状语。
2.when 考查固定句型。be doing sth… when… 正在做某事,这时……。
3.To 考查介词。to one's horror 令人感到惊恐的是。
4.grabbed 考查动词时态。 and连接的是并列结构,根据and前的动词jumped可知,此处也应该是动词过去式。
5.who 考查定语从句。先行词为the child, 在定语从句中作主语,因此用who。
6.gently 考查副词。修饰动词laid,应该用副词。
7.delighted 考查形容词。be delighted with (人)感到高兴的是。
8.recovery 考查名词。形容词quick修饰名词recovery。
9.to remind 考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth 愿意做某事。
10.more easily 考查副词比较级。根据than可知应该用比较级。easily的比较级为more easily。