无锡市2022年秋学期高三期终教学质量调研测试
英语
注意事项及说明：
1.考试前请将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
2.试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。
3.答案一律写在答题卡上。考试结束时，上交答题卡。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation take place
A. At home. B. In a restaurant. C. In a supermarket.
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Doctor and patient. B. Salesman and customer. C. Manager and employee.
3. What time does the conference start
A. At 9:00. B. At 9:30. C. At 10: 00.
4. What does the woman think of her new apartment
A. Noisy. B. Convenient. C. Comfortable.
5. What are the speakers probably talking about
A. A movie. B. A song. C. A story.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What will the man intend to do in South Africa
A. Host a program. B. Work as a volunteer. C. Learn about wildlife.
7. How can a person meet the requirements
A. He should be fit. B. He must be over 20. C. He can speak more than one language.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What did Mr. Green give to the man
A. A lot of useful materials.
B. Some suggestions on learning.
C. Many books related to his research.
9. What does the man think of the professors from Canadian Studies Section
A. Patient. B. Serious. C. Generous.
10. What will the woman probably do next
A. Go to Mr. Green’s office.
B. Give some books to the man.
C. Introduce several famous universities.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the woman say about dogs
A: They are too expensive.
B. They have long golden hair.
C. They are hard to take care of.
12. Why doesn’t the woman agree to have Lion
A. It is too large. B. It is unhealthy. C. It is very noisy.
13 Where will the speakers probably get a dog
A. From a friend. B. From a pet store. C. From a rescue shelter.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. How does the man feel about joining the association
A. Worried. B. Relaxed. C. Uninterested.
15. How much is the one-year membership fee
A. 10. B. 35. C. 40.
16. What is peer coaching about
A. Students doing sports after study.
B. Senior students helping other students.
C. Students making speeches on various topics.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What does the man do
A. A film director. B. A script writer. C. A movie reviewer.
18. What is the movie mainly about
A. Public election. B. Global warming. C. Funny speeches.
19. What does the man think of the movie
A Perfect. B. Educational. C. Imaginative.
20. What is the man’s least favorite part of the movie
A. The diagrams in the speeches.
B. The facts about climate changes.
C. The parts about Al Gore himself.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Matthew Kneale is the award-winning author of fiction and non-fiction including English passengers, which won the Whitbread Book Award. He shares the books that have changed his life.
The adventures of Tintin by Hergé
As a child I loved the Tintin books — for their adventures, their characters and their stylish illustrations. Though Hergé visited almost none of the faraway places he drew, he captured (捕捉) them perfectly. His images, whether of Peru, Arabia, India or China, stayed with me and later, when I became a keen traveler, Tintin’s destinations were the places that I most wanted to reach. I never saw them all, needless to say, but I got to quite a few.
Stig of the Dump by Clive King
This was another book I loved as a child — the story of a boy who is bored staying with his grandparents, when he runs into Stig, a friendly Stone Age man. When my father read it to my sister and me, I was already fascinated by history and I loved the way the book captured the mystery of our distant, unrecorded past. Its charm stayed with me and much later I spent many a weekend driving around Britain, getting lost on small country roads, looking for prehistoric tombs and stone circles. There’s something breathtaking about these places, which are often in extraordinary locations.
I Claudius / Claudius the God by Robert Graves
When I first saw Rome, aged eight, I was amazed by the city’s layers of history and this same magic led me to come and live here, 20 years ago. I first read I Claudius as a teenager and was attracted by the story of friendly, stammering, ridiculed Claudius, who grows up in the vipers’ nest of Rome’s imperial family and who, against all the odds, as his relatives destroy one another, survives and rises. Graves, a fine scholar, has a talent for making the past spring to life, in all its nastiness and wonder. In my own writing, fiction and non-fiction, I’ve tried to follow his example — to make history shocked, as it should do.
1. What can we learn from the passage
A. Rich travel experience shaped Herge.
B. Stig of the Dump is adapted from a true story.
C. Matthew showed great interest in history as a child.
D. The close family relationship helped Claudius’ growth.
2. Why does Matthew share the three books
A. Because they manage to bring the past back to life.
B. Because they are great representatives of non-fictions.
C. Because they are known for their stylish illustrations.
D. Because they make a great difference to Matthew’s life.
3. Where can we probably find the passage
A. In a magazine. B. In a history book.
C. In a travel brochure. D. In an advertisement.
B
The Royal Ballet is to stage a performance featuring a disabled dancer, recognizing that being inclusive (包容) is “not just about diversity of race, but also about diversity of physical ability”.
Joe Powell-Main, who uses a wheelchair and sticks to perform, tells a story about overcoming life’s obstacles to pursue a dream that he has had since he was five. Having danced from the age of four, he won a place at the famous Royal Ballet School (RBS), even performing as a student in a Royal Ballet staging of The Nutcracker — only to see his hopes of becoming a professional dancer hit by a condition that affected his mobility.
During his fourth year of training, he developed injuries following a period of growth, leading to surgery on his left plications (并发症) developed and a serious car accident took a further toll on his body, bringing his training to an end. Aged 15, he was using a wheelchair and assumed he would never dance again.
But his life was transformed after his mother spotted a leaflet about wheelchair dancing, which played a part in helping him to accept his disability. Powell-Main recalled, “When I acquired my disability, I completely thought dance wasn’t an option for me and was completely over. Then why not ballet In terms of partnering, it’s a new way of doing things.”
He took part in the Royal Ballet’s platform Draft Works, which has now been extended and he’ll perform it as a 10-minute duet (双人舞) with Lubach. “Powell-Main made an impression on me. Dancing with him was really special, which has opened up refreshing possibilities, new ways of partnering, sharing weight between each other, using speed and dynamic in different ways,” Lubach said.
Emma Southworth, the Royal Ballet’s creative producer, said, “If someone has a wheelchair, what are the possibilities of moving in a wheelchair If the stick becomes the extension of the arm, what does that mean If we’re really being properly inclusive, we’ve got to look at how we work with disabled performers.”
4. What was a turning point in Powell-Main’s life
A. A serious car accident. B. The surgery on his left knee.
C A leaflet about wheelchair dancing. D. The performance in The Nutcracker.
5. What does the underlined word “toll” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Step. B. Risk. C. Break. D. Damage.
6. What can we learn about Powell-Main
A. He refused to submit to the fate despite his disability.
B. He has been suffering from the knee injuries since he was five.
C. He stood out in RBS due to his hard work and professional skills.
D. His dancing career was totally ruined by the unexpected car accident.
7. What might be the best title
A. A special performance B. A life full of obstacles
C. A unique wheelchair dancer D. The Royal Ballet’s rich diversity
C
Advanced technology brings with it a lot of benefits to us. You can now prevent the speech of a single target person from being recorded by using a device called voice jammer.
Voice jammers work much like noise-canceling headphones, which effectively remove unwanted background sound waves out of existence by playing back a copy of the unwanted sound with its wave pattern inverted (反向的).
Such voice jammers generally stop electronic eavesdropping (窃听) on conversations by broadcasting inverse sound waves that affect all microphones within earshot.
This can prevent nearby people’s phones from picking up their voices if they try to make a call, and can stop them interacting with smart assistants, warning that something strange is going on.
Now Qiben Yan at Michigan State University and his colleagues have created a voice jammer that can target a specific voice without causing interruption to anyone else. They did this by training an artificial intelligence called a neural network to isolate (隔断) a speaker’s voice, allowing the jammer to create an inverse sound matched to their speech.
Rather than sending an audible sound, their tool, called Neural Enhanced Cancellation (NEC), makes use of a bug found in all but the most expensive microphones. This bug introduces sounds at set distances above and below the microphone’s recording frequencies. NEC is able to play its inverse speech in the ultrasonic (超声波) range, so that humans can’t hear it. Doing this at the point of recording provides the necessary frequencies to secretly block an audible voice.
The team found that NEC blocked voices on a range of smartphones from Apple, Xiaomi and Samsung at a distance of up to 3.6 metres. And this technology could be useful.
8. How do voice jammers prevent a speech from being recorded
A. By playing inverse sound waves. B. By interacting with smart assistants.
C. By keeping wave pattern unchanged. D. By broadcasting different sound waves.
9. What does Paragraph 6 focus on
A. Stressing the importance of NEC. B. Showing the steps of using NEC.
C. Describing the disadvantages of NEC. D. Explaining the working theory of NEC.
10. What does the passage mainly talk about
A The NEC blocking voices. B. A device against eavesdropping.
C. A bug playing inverse sound waves. D. The technology changing the speech.
11. What might be discussed in the following paragraph
A. Disadvantages of voice jammers. B. Public opinions on voice jammers.
C. Further development of voice jammers. D. Potential applications of voice jammers.
D
Avoid the supermarket shelves piled with cheese, cupcakes and pies. That is the message of an analysis that found these items are the worst when looking at both nutritional and environmental impacts of thousands of food and drink products sold in the UK and Ireland. So far, most studies have focused on the environmental impact of goods such as beef or beans, rather than tofu and other products that shoppers often buy. Where research has focused on such products, it has usually been for a small number of them.
In a bid to bridge the gap, Micheal Clark at the University of Oxford and his colleagues analyzed more than 57,000 food and drink products sold in the UK and Ireland. The team took the ingredients (成份) data from eight retailers (零售商), including major supermarkets Tesco and Sainsbury’s. However, precise figures on how much of each ingredient is in each product were only available for around a tenth of them. To estimate the rest, Clark and his colleagues trained an algorithm (算法) on the known products and used it to predict the composition of the unknown ones. Finally, the team linked all the ingredients to an existing database of environmental impacts, including emissions (排放), land use and water stress.
The results may come as no surprise: meat, fish and cheese products had highest environmental impact while fruit, vegetables, bread and sugary drink products had the lowest burden. Clark admits that none of this is exciting, given what we already knew from past research. “What is important is that you can start getting these impact estimates for products that people are purchasing, which then has a lot of effects,” he says.
One of those is eco-lables, which can help consumers to make greener choices. However, retailers have struggled in the past with the challenge of the large number of food. Clark is thinking about how to eventually turn the data into an app that could be used either by shoppers or by retailers wanting to reduce their environmental impact. “We’ve made that information available in a way that means people can start making informed decisions,” he says.
12. What is the purpose of Clark’s study
A. To solve the environmental problems with some products.
B. To point out the mistakes of the previous research.
C. To focus on the important ingredients data from retailers.
D. To estimate the environmental impact of frequently-bought products.
13. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The process of Clark’s study. B. The result of Clark’s study.
C. The significance of Clark’s study. D. The limitation of Clark’s study.
14. What can be inferred about Clark’s study from Paragraph 3
A. Surprising. B. Worrying. C. Meaningful. D. Doubtful.
15. Which of the following products should people buy according to Clark’s study
A. Nutritious food like beef and eggs. B. Green food like carrots and bananas.
C. Healthy food like fish and tofu. D. Fresh food like milk and chicken
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
To hug or not to hug That’s the question right now. ____16____ Depending on where you live, many of us are vaccinated (打疫苗). But it’s hard to know for sure before you hug whether or not the person you’re leaning into has got vaccinated. Meanwhile, many of us are longing for the warmth of a hug after long stretches of social isolation. Humans biologically need touch, and a good long hug is one of the best ways to get it.
Degge White, a professor at Northern Illinois University, says that our need for a hug goes all the way back to the survival of our species. When we’re born, we can’t care for ourselves and we need to be comfortable with being held in order to survive. ____17____ “When we hug, our brains release oxytocin, the bonding hormone (荷尔蒙), as well as serotonin and endorphins.”
____18____ Because for humans, the security of our small groups and later communities was very important to survival. Close contact helped build civilization. As a result, our brains need each other—and when we miss out, it can have psychological repercussions (心理影响). “When we can’t hug, we don’t get that feeling of good hormones.”
We may not know what we’re getting from greeting our friends and family with a hug; we just enjoy it. ____19____ An air greeting is not enough. Research published in the journal Psychological Science has shown that hugging has a “stress buffering (缓冲)” effect that may even protect us from illness and infections.
Some people grow up in more formal households where hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant. In both cases, when children don’t experience healthy touch, it can impact their development. Kids who didn’t grow up being held miss out on that sense of safety and protection. They may act out or isolate from those around them. ____20____ Some children may show too much affection, desiring any form of positive attention that they didn’t get at home.
A. In some cases, the opposite may also be true.
B. This bond and sense of community has an important role.
C. We’re in an uncertain place in the world of greetings manner.
D. It isn’t until those experiences are taken away that we feel pain and sadness.
E. When friends reach out in preparation for a hug, they feel hormones increasing.
F. We’re rewarded with a rush of feel-good chemicals that come from a comfortable hug.
G. The lack of touching might imply cold attitudes in interpersonal relationships.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Behind the city of Colorado Springs stands a mountain which is popular among local hikers. The ____21____ hiker is generally always told that the hike will take all day to go up and back. He is told to start early and to set a strong, steady pace for the journey will be ____22____. The hiker who follows this advice and plans accordingly can be easily ____23____ and even become angry or confused on ____24____ the beginning of the trail, because he can see that the hike to the summit (山顶) and back would take far less than half a day easily at even the most relaxed ____25____.
And so he ____26____ his plans. He climbs up the trail wandering frequently from the path, taking many side-trips. He stops to play and to ____27____ on some of the supplies he brings since he won’t need so much for such a short trip. This he does ____28____ about half way through the day when he finally climbs to the summit only to discover that it is his eyes that have ____29____ him and not the words of those who have gone before. For he now stands on a false summit which has ____30____ his view of the higher summit far above.
Realizing his lack of foresight, this hiker now quickly ____31____ his time and decides that if he pushes himself hard enough he can still make it to the summit. And so he ____32____ at a wild pace, crashing through the bush until at last he reaches his destination and looks up at still another summit. You see, the mountain has two ____33____ summits, both of which must be traveled over before reaching the real goal. It getting dark, our exhausted hiker has no choice but to return sadly. He will try again another day.
____34____, we are not so fortunate in our journey through life. There are many false summits, and if you struggle for only those goals which you can see, you will fall far short of the ____35____ goal.
21. A. crazy B. anxious C. fortunate D. inexperienced
22. A. exciting B. difficult C. boring D. smooth
23. A. satisfied B. terrified C. amazed D. disappointed
24. A. reaching B. changing C. imagining D. choosing
25. A. pace B. mood C. tone D. breath
26. A. makes B. changes C. forgets D. remembers
27. A. drop B. count C. snack D. concentrate
28. A. until B. since C. after D. before
29. A. shocked B. cheated C. helped D. guided
30. A. hidden B. caught C. blocked D. broadened
31. A. realizes B. recalls C. reproduces D. reevaluates
32. A. sets off B. turns up C. catches up D. brings about
33. A. high B. false C. beautiful D. dangerous
34. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
35. A. genuine B. specific C. ambitious D. immediate
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China in Translation: Exhibition of International Communication Achievements of China Books in the New Era, 2022 formally ____36____ (open) at the Frankfurt Book Fair in Germany on October 19, 2022.
Hosted by China National Publications Import and Export Co., Ltd. (CNPIEC), ____37____ five-day event includes a physical book fair and a broadcasting of a media video collection. The physical book fair presents a collection of more than 300 titles ____38____ (original) written in Chinese alongside ____39____ (they) translated versions involving more than 30 languages, including English, Russian an German, ____40____ covers a wide range of topics, such as Chinese economy, literature, history, art and some topics about contemporary China.
The media collection displays multiple videos ____41____ (feature) 20 internationally well-known scholars and experts explaining on topics related to China, including VioletaBulc, former European Commissioner(委员) for mobility and transport of European Commission and former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovenia and Stephan Petermann, advisor of Dutch Creative Industries Fund.
The featured exhibition, a brand(品牌) project ____42____ (create) by CNPIEC and displayed in an exhibit for the first time in 2019, comprehensively presents the publication and promotion of Chinese books in overseas markets from different ____43____ (perspective) based on China’s key achievements in the global publishing sector, ____44____ the aim of promoting exchanges and cooperation between Chinese ____45____ international publishing communities as well as boosting communications.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你在美国的表弟David发来邮件说他很苦恼，学习压力很大，常常感到自己不如别人。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示理解；
2.提出建议。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.请按如下格式写在答题卡的相应位置。
Dear David,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My husband Frank and I lived a simple life — carrying lunch to work, skipping vacations, and staying in. But it was our fifteenth wedding anniversary, so we decided to choose an expensive Italian restaurant.
Halfway through our very delicious dinner, Frank and I noticed that the two diners at the table to our right seemed to be looking for something under their table and all around. The elegantly dressed woman appeared to be in her late seventies, and the much younger male companion looked like her son. The woman kept touching her ear.
“Did you lose an earring ” I asked.
The woman shook her head and looked worried.
“My hearing aid,” she said. “My son finally convinced me to get it this week, and it’s so expensive, and...” she trailed off. “My son’s eyes are better than mine, but he can’t find it either.”
No waiters seemed to be helping, and the other Saturday night diners seemed to be purposely ignoring the small commotion.
Frank stood up immediately. “Let me look,” he offered. “You never know, maybe a fresh eye will spot it.”
“Oh, it’s very small, and it’s the same color as the floor,” the woman said, adding, “I don’t want to bother you.”
“That’s OK, let me try,” Frank said, and dropped to a crouch, moving a few inches at a time, eyes and hands sweeping back and forth.
Meanwhile, I stood over their table, scrutinizing (仔细检查), moving the dishes, using a fork to look under the bread in the basket, running my hand over the tablecloth, shifting the plates.
“Thank you so much, you two,” the woman said. “But I’m afraid it’s lost forever. Your dinner’s getting cold; please don’t worry.”
I saw tears forming in her eyes. Soon, her son sank back into his chair, too. But Frank kept looking until one of them thanked him again, and he too, finally sat down to finish eating.
Ten minutes later, as we were finishing our entrées, the mother and son were sipping coffee, silent.
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“I’m going to take one more look,” my husband said.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Frank smiled and said, “You are welcome. I’m just glad to be of help.”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________无锡市2022年秋学期高三期终教学质量调研测试
英语
注意事项及说明：
1.考试前请将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
2.试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。
3.答案一律写在答题卡上。考试结束时，上交答题卡。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation take place
A. At home. B. In a restaurant. C. In a supermarket.
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Doctor and patient. B. Salesman and customer. C. Manager and employee.
3. What time does the conference start
A. At 9:00. B. At 9:30. C. At 10: 00.
4. What does the woman think of her new apartment
A. Noisy. B. Convenient. C. Comfortable.
5. What are the speakers probably talking about
A. A movie. B. A song. C. A story.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6 What will the man intend to do in South Africa
A. Host a program. B. Work as a volunteer. C. Learn about wildlife.
7. How can a person meet the requirements
A. He should be fit. B. He must be over 20. C. He can speak more than one language.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What did Mr. Green give to the man
A. A lot of useful materials.
B. Some suggestions on learning.
C. Many books related to his research.
9. What does the man think of the professors from Canadian Studies Section
A. Patient. B. Serious. C. Generous.
10. What will the woman probably do next
A. Go to Mr. Green’s office.
B. Give some books to the man.
C. Introduce several famous universities.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the woman say about dogs
A: They are too expensive.
B. They have long golden hair.
C. They are hard to take care of.
12. Why doesn’t the woman agree to have Lion
A. It is too large. B. It is unhealthy. C. It is very noisy.
13. Where will the speakers probably get a dog
A. From a friend. B. From a pet store. C. From a rescue shelter.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. How does the man feel about joining the association
A. Worried. B. Relaxed. C. Uninterested.
15. How much is the one-year membership fee
A. 10. B. 35. C. 40.
16. What is peer coaching about
A. Students doing sports after study.
B. Senior students helping other students.
C. Students making speeches on various topics.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What does the man do
A. A film director. B. A script writer. C. A movie reviewer.
18. What is the movie mainly about
A. Public election. B. Global warming. C. Funny speeches.
19. What does the man think of the movie
A. Perfect. B. Educational. C. Imaginative.
20. What is the man’s least favorite part of the movie
A. The diagrams in the speeches.
B. The facts about climate changes.
C. The parts about Al Gore himself.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Matthew Kneale is the award-winning author of fiction and non-fiction, including English passengers, which won the Whitbread Book Award. He shares the books that have changed his life.
The adventures of Tintin by Hergé
As a child I loved the Tintin books — for their adventures, their characters and their stylish illustrations. Though Hergé visited almost none of the faraway places he drew, he captured (捕捉) them perfectly. His images, whether of Peru, Arabia, India or China, stayed with me and later, when I became a keen traveler, Tintin’s destinations were the places that I most wanted to reach. I never saw them all, needless to say, but I got to quite a few.
Stig of the Dump by Clive King
This was another book I loved as a child — the story of a boy who is bored staying with his grandparents, when he runs into Stig, a friendly Stone Age man. When my father read it to my sister and me, I was already fascinated by history and I loved the way the book captured the mystery of our distant, unrecorded past. Its charm stayed with me and much later I spent many a weekend driving around Britain, getting lost on small country roads, looking for prehistoric tombs and stone circles. There’s something breathtaking about these places, which are often in extraordinary locations.
I Claudius / Claudius the God by Robert Graves
When I first saw Rome, aged eight, I was amazed by the city’s layers of history and this same magic led me to come and live here, 20 years ago. I first read I Claudius as a teenager and was attracted by the story of friendly, stammering, ridiculed Claudius, who grows up in the vipers’ nest of Rome’s imperial family and who, against all the odds, as his relatives destroy one another, survives and rises. Graves, a fine scholar, has a talent for making the past spring to life, in all its nastiness and wonder. In my own writing, fiction and non-fiction, I’ve tried to follow his example — to make history shocked, as it should do.
1. What can we learn from the passage
A. Rich travel experience shaped Herge.
B. Stig of the Dump is adapted from a true story.
C. Matthew showed great interest in history as a child.
D. The close family relationship helped Claudius’ growth.
2. Why does Matthew share the three books
A. Because they manage to bring the past back to life.
B. Because they are great representatives of non-fictions.
C. Because they are known for their stylish illustrations.
D. Because they make a great difference to Matthew’s life.
3. Where can we probably find the passage
A. In a magazine. B. In a history book.
C. In a travel brochure. D. In an advertisement.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。获奖作家马修·尼尔享了那些改变了他生活的书。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Stig of the Dump by Clive King部分中的“When my father read it to my sister and me, I was already fascinated by history and I loved the way the book captured the mystery of our distant, unrecorded past. Its charm stayed with me and much later I spent many a weekend driving around Britain, getting lost on small country roads, looking for prehistoric tombs and stone circles.(当我父亲把它读给我和妹妹听时，我已经被历史迷住了，我喜欢这本书捕捉到我们遥远的、没有记录的过去的神秘。它的魅力一直伴随着我，很久以后，我花了很多周末开车环游英国，迷失在乡间小路上，寻找史前古墓和石圈)”可知，马修小时候就对历史表现出极大的兴趣。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He shares the books that have changed his life.(他分享了那些改变了他生活的书)”可知，马修分享了这三本书，因为它们对马修的生活有很大的影响。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Matthew Kneale is the award-winning author of fiction and non-fiction, including English passengers, which won the Whitbread Book Award. He shares the books that have changed his life.(马修·尼尔是小说和非小说类作品的获奖作家，作品包括《英国乘客》，曾获惠特布莱德图书奖。他分享了那些改变了他生活的书)”以及下文介绍的三本书并结合选项可推知，我们也许能在杂志上找到这篇文章。故选A。
B
The Royal Ballet is to stage a performance featuring a disabled dancer, recognizing that being inclusive (包容) is “not just about diversity of race, but also about diversity of physical ability”.
Joe Powell-Main, who uses a wheelchair and sticks to perform, tells a story about overcoming life’s obstacles to pursue a dream that he has had since he was five. Having danced from the age of four, he won a place at the famous Royal Ballet School (RBS), even performing as a student in a Royal Ballet staging of The Nutcracker — only to see his hopes of becoming a professional dancer hit by a condition that affected his mobility.
During his fourth year of training, he developed injuries following a period of growth, leading to surgery on his left plications (并发症) developed and a serious car accident took a further toll on his body, bringing his training to an end. Aged 15, he was using a wheelchair and assumed he would never dance again.
But his life was transformed after his mother spotted a leaflet about wheelchair dancing, which played a part in helping him to accept his disability. Powell-Main recalled, “When I acquired my disability, I completely thought dance wasn’t an option for me and was completely over. Then why not ballet In terms of partnering, it’s a new way of doing things.”
He took part in the Royal Ballet’s platform Draft Works, which has now been extended and he’ll perform it as a 10-minute duet (双人舞) with Lubach. “Powell-Main made an impression on me. Dancing with him was really special, which has opened up refreshing possibilities, new ways of partnering, sharing weight between each other, using speed and dynamic in different ways,” Lubach said.
Emma Southworth, the Royal Ballet’s creative producer, said, “If someone has a wheelchair, what are the possibilities of moving in a wheelchair If the stick becomes the extension of the arm, what does that mean If we’re really being properly inclusive, we’ve got to look at how we work with disabled performers.”
4. What was a turning point in Powell-Main’s life
A. A serious car accident. B. The surgery on his left knee.
C. A leaflet about wheelchair dancing. D. The performance in The Nutcracker.
5. What does the underlined word “toll” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Step. B. Risk. C. Break. D. Damage.
6. What can we learn about Powell-Main
A. He refused to submit to the fate despite his disability.
B. He has been suffering from the knee injuries since he was five.
C. He stood out in RBS due to his hard work and professional skills.
D. His dancing career was totally ruined by the unexpected car accident.
7. What might be the best title
A. A special performance B. A life full of obstacles
C. A unique wheelchair dancer D. The Royal Ballet’s rich diversity
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国皇家芭蕾舞团残疾演员Joe Powell-Main的故事，他用轮椅和拐杖表演。文章讲述了一个克服生活障碍，追求他从5岁起就拥有的梦想的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But his life was transformed after his mother spotted a leaflet about wheelchair dancing, which played a part in helping him to accept his disability.(但在他的母亲看到一张关于轮椅舞蹈的传单后，他的生活发生了改变，这在一定程度上帮助他接受了自己的残疾)”可知，Powell-Main人生的一个转折点是一张关于轮椅舞蹈的传单。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“During his fourth year of training, he developed injuries following a period of growth, leading to surgery on his left knee.(在他训练的第四年，在一段时间的成长后，他受伤了，导致他的左膝做了手术)”和下文“bringing his training to an end. Aged 15, he was using a wheelchair and assumed he would never dance again.(结束了他的训练15岁时，他坐在轮椅上，以为自己再也不会跳舞了)”可推知，并发症和一场严重的车祸对他的身体造成了进一步的损害，导致最后坐上了轮椅。由此可知，划线词toll与damage(损害)意思接近。故选
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When I acquired my disability, I completely thought dance wasn’t an option for me and was completely over. Then why not ballet In terms of partnering, it’s a new way of doing things.(当我患上残疾时，我完全认为舞蹈不是我的选择，我彻底放弃了。那么为什么不芭蕾舞？就合作而言，这是一种新的做事方式)”第五段中的““Powell-Main made an impression on me. Dancing with him was really special, which has opened up refreshing possibilities, new ways of partnering, sharing weight between each other, using speed and dynamic in different ways,” Lubach said.(“Powell-Main给我留下了深刻的印象。和他一起跳舞真的很特别，这开辟了令人耳目一新的可能性，新的合作方式，彼此分担重量，以不同的方式使用速度和活力，”Lubach说)”可推知，尽管有残疾，Powell-Main拒绝向命运屈服。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Joe Powell-Main, who uses a wheelchair and sticks to perform, tells a story about overcoming life’s obstacles to pursue a dream that he has had since he was five.( Joe Powell-Main用轮椅和拐杖表演，他讲述了一个克服生活障碍，追求他从5岁起就拥有的梦想的故事)”及下文对Joe Powell-Main的介绍可知，文章讲述了英国皇家芭蕾舞团残疾演员Joe Powell-Main的故事，他用轮椅和拐杖进行表演。由此可知，A unique wheelchair dancer(一个独特的轮椅舞者)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
C
Advanced technology brings with it a lot of benefits to us. You can now prevent the speech of a single target person from being recorded by using a device called voice jammer.
Voice jammers work much like noise-canceling headphones, which effectively remove unwanted background sound waves out of existence by playing back a copy of the unwanted sound with its wave pattern inverted (反向的).
Such voice jammers generally stop electronic eavesdropping (窃听) on conversations by broadcasting inverse sound waves that affect all microphones within earshot.
This can prevent nearby people’s phones from picking up their voices if they try to make a call, and can stop them interacting with smart assistants, warning that something strange is going on.
Now Qiben Yan at Michigan State University and his colleagues have created a voice jammer that can target a specific voice without causing interruption to anyone else. They did this by training an artificial intelligence called a neural network to isolate (隔断) a speaker’s voice, allowing the jammer to create an inverse sound matched to their speech.
Rather than sending an audible sound, their tool, called Neural Enhanced Cancellation (NEC), makes use of a bug found in all but the most expensive microphones. This bug introduces sounds at set distances above and below the microphone’s recording frequencies. NEC is able to play its inverse speech in the ultrasonic (超声波) range, so that humans can’t hear it. Doing this at the point of recording provides the necessary frequencies to secretly block an audible voice.
The team found that NEC blocked voices on a range of smartphones from Apple, Xiaomi and Samsung at a distance of up to 3.6 metres. And this technology could be useful.
8. How do voice jammers prevent a speech from being recorded
A. By playing inverse sound waves. B. By interacting with smart assistants.
C. By keeping wave pattern unchanged. D. By broadcasting different sound waves.
9. What does Paragraph 6 focus on
A. Stressing the importance of NEC. B. Showing the steps of using NEC.
C. Describing the disadvantages of NEC. D. Explaining the working theory of NEC.
10. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. The NEC blocking voices. B. A device against eavesdropping.
C. A bug playing inverse sound waves. D. The technology changing the speech.
11. What might be discussed in the following paragraph
A. Disadvantages of voice jammers. B. Public opinions on voice jammers.
C. Further development of voice jammers. D. Potential applications of voice jammers.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是一项叫NEC的声音干扰器的相关信息。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Voice jammers work much like noise-canceling headphones, which effectively remove unwanted background sound waves out of existence by playing back a copy of the unwanted sound with its wave pattern inverted (反向的).(语音干扰器的工作原理很像降噪耳机，通过反向播放不需要的声音的副本，有效地消除了不需要的背景声波。)”可知，语音干扰器是通过播放反向声波来防止讲话被录音，故选A。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第六段的“Rather than sending an audible sound, their tool, called Neural Enhanced Cancellation (NEC), makes use of a bug found in all but the most expensive microphones. This bug introduces sounds at set distances above and below the microphone’s recording frequencies. NEC is able to play its inverse speech in the ultrasonic (超声波) range, so that humans can’t hear it. Doing this at the point of recording provides the necessary frequencies to secretly block an audible voice.(他们的工具叫做NEC，并不是发送可听到的声音，而是利用了除了最昂贵的麦克风之外所有麦克风都存在的一个漏洞。此错误在麦克风的录音频率上下设定的距离引入声音。NEC能够在超声波范围内播放逆语音，这样人类就听不到了。在录音时这样做可以提供必要的频率来秘密地屏蔽声音。)”可知，第6段主要阐述了NEC的工作原理。故选D。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段的“Now Qiben Yan at Michigan State University and his colleagues have created a voice jammer that can target a specific voice without causing interruption to anyone else.(现在，密歇根州立大学的严启本和他的同事们发明了一种声音干扰器，可以针对特定的声音，而不会打断其他人。)”和第六段的“Rather than sending an audible sound, their tool, called Neural Enhanced Cancellation (NEC), makes use of a bug found in all but the most expensive microphones.(他们的工具叫做NEC，并不是发送可听到的声音，而是利用了除了最昂贵的麦克风之外所有麦克风都存在的一个漏洞。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项叫NEC的声音干扰器的相关信息，故选B。
11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The team found that NEC blocked voices on a range of smartphones from Apple, Xiaomi and Samsung at a distance of up to 3.6 metres. And this technology could be useful.(研究小组发现，NEC在苹果、小米和三星的一系列智能手机上屏蔽了高达3.6米的声音。这项技术可能很有用。)”可知，接下来的一段可能会介绍语音干扰器的潜在应用。故选D。
D
Avoid the supermarket shelves piled with cheese, cupcakes and pies. That is the message of an analysis that found these items are the worst when looking at both nutritional and environmental impacts of thousands of food and drink products sold in the UK and Ireland. So far, most studies have focused on the environmental impact of goods such as beef or beans, rather than tofu and other products that shoppers often buy. Where research has focused on such products, it has usually been for a small number of them.
In a bid to bridge the gap, Micheal Clark at the University of Oxford and his colleagues analyzed more than 57,000 food and drink products sold in the UK and Ireland. The team took the ingredients (成份) data from eight retailers (零售商), including major supermarkets Tesco and Sainsbury’s. However, precise figures on how much of each ingredient is in each product were only available for around a tenth of them. To estimate the rest, Clark and his colleagues trained an algorithm (算法) on the known products and used it to predict the composition of the unknown ones. Finally, the team linked all the ingredients to an existing database of environmental impacts, including emissions (排放), land use and water stress.
The results may come as no surprise: meat, fish and cheese products had highest environmental impact while fruit, vegetables, bread and sugary drink products had the lowest burden. Clark admits that none of this is exciting, given what we already knew from past research. “What is important is that you can start getting these impact estimates for products that people are purchasing, which then has a lot of effects,” he says.
One of those is eco-lables, which can help consumers to make greener choices. However, retailers have struggled in the past with the challenge of the large number of food. Clark is thinking about how to eventually turn the data into an app that could be used either by shoppers or by retailers wanting to reduce their environmental impact. “We’ve made that information available in a way that means people can start making informed decisions,” he says.
12. What is the purpose of Clark’s study
A. To solve the environmental problems with some products.
B. To point out the mistakes of the previous research.
C. To focus on the important ingredients data from retailers.
D. To estimate the environmental impact of frequently-bought products.
13. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The process of Clark’s study. B. The result of Clark’s study.
C. The significance of Clark’s study. D. The limitation of Clark’s study.
14. What can be inferred about Clark’s study from Paragraph 3
A. Surprising. B. Worrying. C. Meaningful. D. Doubtful.
15. Which of the following products should people buy according to Clark’s study
A. Nutritious food like beef and eggs. B. Green food like carrots and bananas.
C. Healthy food like fish and tofu. D. Fresh food like milk and chicken
【答案】12 D 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是针对食物对环境的影响的研究。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“So far, most studies have focused on the environmental impact of goods such as beef or beans, rather than tofu and other products that shoppers often buy.(到目前为止，大多数研究都集中在牛肉或豆类等商品对环境的影响上，而不是豆腐和其他消费者经常购买的产品。)”和第二段的“In a bid to bridge the gap, Micheal Clark at the University of Oxford and his colleagues analyzed more than 57,000 food and drink products sold in the UK and Ireland.(为了弥补这一差距，牛津大学的Micheal Clark和他的同事分析了在英国和爱尔兰销售的57000多种食品和饮料。)”可知，克拉克研究的目的是评估经常购买的产品对环境的影响。故选D。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段的“The team took the ingredients (成份) data from eight retailers (零售商), including major supermarkets Tesco and Sainsbury’s. However, precise figures on how much of each ingredient is in each product were only available for around a tenth of them. To estimate the rest, Clark and his colleagues trained an algorithm (算法) on the known products and used it to predict the composition of the unknown ones. Finally, the team linked all the ingredients to an existing database of environmental impacts, including emissions (排放), land use and water stress.(研究小组从8家零售商那里获取了配料数据，其中包括大型超市乐购和塞恩斯伯里。然而，关于每种产品中每种成分含量的精确数据仅为其中的十分之一左右。为了估计剩下的，克拉克和他的同事们在已知产物上训练了一种算法，并用它来预测未知产物的组成。最后，研究小组将所有成分与现有的环境影响数据库联系起来，包括排放、土地使用和水资源压力。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是克拉克的研究过程。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“What is important is that you can start getting these impact estimates for products that people are purchasing, which then has a lot of effects(重要的是，你可以开始对人们正在购买的产品进行这些影响评估，这会产生很多影响)”可知，从第3段可以推断出克拉克的研究是有意义的。故选C。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The results may come as no surprise: meat, fish and cheese products had highest environmental impact while fruit, vegetables, bread and sugary drink products had the lowest burden.(研究结果可能并不令人惊讶：肉类、鱼类和奶酪产品对环境的影响最大，而水果、蔬菜、面包和含糖饮料产品对环境的影响最低。)”和最后一段的“One of those is eco-lables, which can help consumers to make greener choices.(其中之一就是生态标签，它可以帮助消费者做出更环保的选择。)”可知，根据克拉克的研究，人们应该购买绿色食物，如胡萝卜和香蕉。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
To hug or not to hug That’s the question right now. ____16____ Depending on where you live, many of us are vaccinated (打疫苗). But it’s hard to know for sure before you hug whether or not the person you’re leaning into has got vaccinated. Meanwhile, many of us are longing for the warmth of a hug after long stretches of social isolation. Humans biologically need touch, and a good long hug is one of the best ways to get it.
Degge White, a professor at Northern Illinois University, says that our need for a hug goes all the way back to the survival of our species. When we’re born, we can’t care for ourselves and we need to be comfortable with being held in order to survive. ____17____ “When we hug, our brains release oxytocin, the bonding hormone (荷尔蒙), as well as serotonin and endorphins.”
____18____ Because for humans, the security of our small groups and later communities was very important to survival. Close contact helped build civilization. As a result, our brains need each other—and when we miss out, it can have psychological repercussions (心理影响). “When we can’t hug, we don’t get that feeling of good hormones.”
We may not know what we’re getting from greeting our friends and family with a hug; we just enjoy it. ____19____ An air greeting is not enough. Research published in the journal Psychological Science has shown that hugging has a “stress buffering (缓冲)” effect that may even protect us from illness and infections.
Some people grow up in more formal households where hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant. In both cases, when children don’t experience healthy touch, it can impact their development. Kids who didn’t grow up being held miss out on that sense of safety and protection. They may act out or isolate from those around them. ____20____ Some children may show too much affection, desiring any form of positive attention that they didn’t get at home.
A. In some cases, the opposite may also be true.
B. This bond and sense of community has an important role.
C. We’re in an uncertain place in the world of greetings manner.
D. It isn’t until those experiences are taken away that we feel pain and sadness.
E. When friends reach out in preparation for a hug, they feel hormones increasing.
F. We’re rewarded with a rush of feel-good chemicals that come from a comfortable hug.
G. The lack of touching might imply cold attitudes in interpersonal relationships.
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. B 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是我们为什么需要拥抱。
【16题详解】
空前说“To hug or not to hug That’s the question right now.(拥抱还是不拥抱？这就是现在的问题。)”，空后说“Depending on where you live, many of us are vaccinated (打疫苗). But it’s hard to know for sure before you hug whether or not the person you’re leaning into has got vaccinated.(取决于你生活的地方，我们中的许多人都接种了疫苗，但在你拥抱之前，很难确定你要拥抱的人是否接种了疫苗。)”，因此空格处应该说我们现在对于要不要采用拥抱这种问候方式是不确定的，C选项“We’re in an uncertain place in the world of greetings manner.(在问候方式的世界里，我们处在一个不确定的位置。)”说明了我们处在不确定的位置，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
【17题详解】
空前说“When we’re born, we can’t care for ourselves and we need to be comfortable with being held in order to survive.(当我们出生时，我们不能照顾自己，为了生存，我们需要舒服地被抱着。)”，空格处应该说我们被抱着时会有什么感觉，F选项“We’re rewarded with a rush of feel-good chemicals that come from a comfortable hug.(一个舒适的拥抱会给我们带来一种感觉良好的化学物质。)”说明了我们被抱着会有什么感觉，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
【18题详解】
空后说“Because for humans, the security of our small groups and later communities was very important to survival. Close contact helped build civilization.(因为对于人类来说，我们的小群体和后来的社区的安全对生存非常重要。)”，空格处应该说人们之间的联系很重要，B选项“This bond and sense of community has an important role.(这种纽带和社区意识有着重要的作用。)”引起下文人们之间的联系很重要，因此符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
空前说“We may not know what we’re getting from greeting our friends and family with a hug; we just enjoy it.(我们可能不知道用拥抱问候我们的朋友和家人会得到什么；我们只是享受它。)”，空格处应该说明如果我们有一天没有了拥抱会怎么样，D选项“It isn’t until those experiences are taken away that we feel pain and sadness.(直到这些经历消失，我们才会感到痛苦和悲伤。)”说明了我们没有了拥抱会觉得痛苦，“痛苦”和前面的“享受”相对应，故选D。
【20题详解】
空前“Some people grow up in more formal households where hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant.(有些人在比较正式的家庭中长大，拥抱并不常见。其他人可能会经历虐待，让拥抱变得不愉快。)”，空后说“Some children may show too much affection, desiring any form of positive attention that they didn’t get at home.(有些孩子可能会表现出太多的爱，渴望他们在家里没有得到的任何形式的积极关注。)”，空格处应该是引起转折的，A选项“In some cases, the opposite may also be true.(在某些情况下，反过来也可能是真的。)”引出了和空前内容相反的下文，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Behind the city of Colorado Springs stands a mountain which is popular among local hikers. The ____21____ hiker is generally always told that the hike will take all day to go up and back. He is told to start early and to set a strong, steady pace for the journey will be ____22____. The hiker who follows this advice and plans accordingly can be easily ____23____ and even become angry or confused on ____24____ the beginning of the trail, because he can see that the hike to the summit (山顶) and back would take far less than half a day easily at even the most relaxed ____25____.
And so he ____26____ his plans. He climbs up the trail wandering frequently from the path, taking many side-trips. He stops to play and to ____27____ on some of the supplies he brings since he won’t need so much for such a short trip. This he does ____28____ about half way through the day when he finally climbs to the summit only to discover that it is his eyes that have ____29____ him and not the words of those who have gone before. For he now stands on a false summit which has ____30____ his view of the higher summit far above.
Realizing his lack of foresight, this hiker now quickly ____31____ his time and decides that if he pushes himself hard enough he can still make it to the summit. And so he ____32____ at a wild pace, crashing through the bush until at last he reaches his destination and looks up at still another summit. You see, the mountain has two ____33____ summits, both of which must be traveled over before reaching the real goal. It getting dark, our exhausted hiker has no choice but to return sadly. He will try again another day.
____34____, we are not so fortunate in our journey through life. There are many false summits, and if you struggle for only those goals which you can see, you will fall far short of the ____35____ goal.
21. A. crazy B. anxious C. fortunate D. inexperienced
22 A. exciting B. difficult C. boring D. smooth
23. A. satisfied B. terrified C. amazed D. disappointed
24. A. reaching B. changing C. imagining D. choosing
25. A. pace B. mood C. tone D. breath
26. A. makes B. changes C. forgets D. remembers
27. A. drop B. count C. snack D. concentrate
28. A. until B. since C. after D. before
29. A. shocked B. cheated C. helped D. guided
30. A. hidden B. caught C. blocked D. broadened
31. A. realizes B. recalls C. reproduces D. reevaluates
32. A. sets off B. turns up C. catches up D. brings about
33. A. high B. false C. beautiful D. dangerous
34. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
35. A. genuine B. specific C. ambitious D. immediate
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者从爬山的角度出发，告诉我们要认清楚目标，不能被假的目标欺骗，如果只为那些看得见的目标而奋斗，那么离真正的目标就差得远了。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有经验的徒步旅行者通常总是被告知徒步要花上一整天的时间。A. crazy疯狂的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. inexperienced没有经验的。根据下文“the hike will take all day to go up and back. He is told to start early and to set a strong, steady pace”可知，没有经验的徒步旅行者通常总是被告知徒步要花上一整天的时间。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他被告知要尽早出发，并设定一个强劲、稳定的步伐，因为这将是一段艰难的旅程。A. exciting令人激动的；B. difficult艰难的；C. boring令人无聊的；D. smooth光滑的。根据上文“set a strong, steady pace”可知，他被告知要尽早出发，并设定一个强劲、稳定的步伐，因为这将是一段艰难的旅程。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：遵循这一建议并相应地制定计划的登山者很容易失望，甚至在到达小径的起点时变得愤怒或困惑，因为他可以看到，即使以最轻松的速度，徒步到山顶并返回也只需不到半天的时间。A. satisfied满意的；B. terrified害怕的；C. amazed惊讶的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“even become angry or confused”可知，遵循这一建议并相应地制定计划的登山者很容易失望。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：遵循这一建议并相应地制定计划的登山者很容易失望，甚至在到达小径的起点时变得愤怒或困惑，因为他可以看到，即使以最轻松的速度，徒步到山顶并返回也只需不到半天的时间。A. reaching到达；B. changing改变；C. imagining想象；D. choosing选择。根据下文“the beginning of the trail, because he can see that the hike to the summit (山顶) and back would take far less than half a day easily”可知，遵循这一建议并相应地制定计划的登山者很容易失望，甚至在到达小径的起点时变得愤怒或困惑，因为他可以看到，即使以最轻松的速度，徒步到山顶并返回也只需不到半天的时间。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：遵循这一建议并相应地制定计划的登山者很容易失望，甚至在到达小径的起点时变得愤怒或困惑，因为他可以看到，即使以最轻松的速度，徒步到山顶并返回也只需不到半天的时间。A. pace速度；B. mood情绪；C. tone语气；D. breath呼吸。根据上文“He is told to start early and to set a strong, steady pace for the journey”和“at even the most relaxed”可知，此处表示“即使以最轻松的速度，徒步到山顶并返回也只需不到半天的时间”。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他改变了计划。A. makes制作；B. changes改变；C. forgets忘记；D. remembers记得。根据下文“He climbs up the trail wandering frequently from the path, taking many side-trips”可知，他改变了计划。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他停下来玩耍，并吃了一些他带来的食物，因为在这么短的旅行中他不需要这么多。A. drop下降；B. count数数；C. snack吃零食；D. concentrate集中。根据下文“on some of the supplies he brings”可知，他停下来玩耍，并吃了一些他带来的食物，空格处意为“吃零食”。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：他一直这样做，直到中午，当他终于爬上山顶时，才发现欺骗他的是他的眼睛，而不是前面那些人说的话。A. until直到；B. since自从；C. after在……之后；D. before在……之前。根据下文“about half way through the day when he finally climbs to the summit”可知，他一直这样做，直到中午。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一直这样做，直到中午，当他终于爬上山顶时，才发现欺骗他的是他的眼睛，而不是前面那些人说的话。A. shocked使震惊；B. cheated欺骗；C. helped帮助；D. guided指导。根据下文“For he now stands on a false summit”可知，当他终于爬上山顶时，才发现欺骗他的是他的眼睛。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为他现在站在一个虚假的顶峰上，挡住了他对更高的顶峰的视线。A. hidden躲藏；B. caught抓住；C. blocked挡住；D. broadened变宽。根据下文“his view of the higher summit far above”可知，他现在站在一个虚假的顶峰上，挡住了他对更高的顶峰的视线。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到自己缺乏远见，这位徒步旅行者现在迅速重新评估了他的时间，并决定如果他足够努力，他仍然可以到达山顶。A. realizes意识到；B. recalls回想起；C. reproduces繁殖；D. reevaluates重新评估。根据下文“decides that if he pushes himself hard enough he can still make it to the summit”可知，这位徒步旅行者现在迅速重新评估了他的时间。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：于是他狂奔着出发了，穿过灌木丛，终于到达了目的地，抬头看到了另一座山顶。A. sets off出发；B. turns up出现；C. catches up赶上；D. brings about带来。根据下文“at a wild pace, crashing through the bush until at last he reaches his destination”可知，于是他狂奔着出发了，穿过灌木丛。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你看，这座山有两个假山顶，要想到达真正的目的地，必须先翻过这两个假山顶。A. high高的；B. false假的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. dangerous危险的。根据下文“both of which must be traveled over before reaching the real goal”可知，这座山有两个假山顶。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我们的人生旅途中，我们并没有那么幸运。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据下文“we are not so fortunate in our journey through life”可知，然而，在我们的人生旅途中，我们并没有那么幸运。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虚假的高峰有很多，如果你只为那些看得见的目标而奋斗，那么你离真正的目标就差得远了。A. genuine真正的；B. specific具体的；C. ambitious有抱负的；D. immediate即时的。根据上文“There are many false summits, and if you struggle for only those goals which you can see”可知，虚假的高峰有很多，如果你只为那些看得见的目标而奋斗，那么你离真正的目标就差得远了。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China in Translation: Exhibition of International Communication Achievements of China Books in the New Era, 2022 formally ____36____ (open) at the Frankfurt Book Fair in Germany on October 19, 2022.
Hosted by China National Publications Import and Export Co., Ltd. (CNPIEC), ____37____ five-day event includes a physical book fair and a broadcasting of a media video collection. The physical book fair presents a collection of more than 300 titles ____38____ (original) written in Chinese alongside ____39____ (they) translated versions involving more than 30 languages, including English, Russian an German, ____40____ covers a wide range of topics, such as Chinese economy, literature, history, art and some topics about contemporary China.
The media collection displays multiple videos ____41____ (feature) 20 internationally well-known scholars and experts explaining on topics related to China, including VioletaBulc, former European Commissioner(委员) for mobility and transport of European Commission and former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovenia and Stephan Petermann, advisor of Dutch Creative Industries Fund.
The featured exhibition, a brand(品牌) project ____42____ (create) by CNPIEC and displayed in an exhibit for the first time in 2019, comprehensively presents the publication and promotion of Chinese books in overseas markets from different ____43____ (perspective) based on China’s key achievements in the global publishing sector, ____44____ the aim of promoting exchanges and cooperation between Chinese ____45____ international publishing communities as well as boosting communications.
【答案】36. opened
37. the 38. originally
39. their 40. which
41. featuring
42. created
43. perspectives
44. with 45. and
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，“译介中国：2022新时代中国图书国际交流成果展”于2022年10月19日在德国法兰克福书展期间正式开幕，文章主要介绍了该展览的内容。
【36题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：2022年10月19日，“译介中国：2022新时代中国图书国际交流成果展”在德国法兰克福书展正式开幕。根据时间状语“in Germany on October 19, 2022”可知，此处是讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填opened。
【37题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：由中国图书进出口有限公司（CNPIEC）主办，这个为期五天的活动包括一个实体书展和一个媒体视频集的播放。此处特指上文提到过的活动，用定冠词the。故填the。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：实体书展展出了300多本中文原版图书及其翻译版本，涉及英语、俄语和德语等30多种语言，涵盖了中国经济、文学、历史、艺术以及当代中国的一些话题。此处修饰动词written，应用副词形式。故填originally。
【39题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意同上。此处应用形容词性物主代词，修饰名词versions。故填their。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The physical book fair，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
【41题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：媒体视频集播放了20位国际知名学者和专家有关中国的发言视频，如中欧互联互通平台协调员、斯洛文尼亚前副总理维VioletaBulc和荷兰创意产业基金会顾问Stephan Petermann。动词feature和videos之间是主谓关系，此处用现在分词作后置定语。故填featuring。
【42题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：这个专题展览是CNPIEC于2019年创办并首次实施的品牌项目，以中国在全球出版领域取得的重要成就为基础，从不同角度全面展示中国图书在海外市场的出版推广情况，旨在促进中国与国际出版界的交流与合作，促进交流。动词create和project之间是被动关系，此处应用过去分词作定语。故填created。
【43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意同上。perspective视角，可数名词，由空前的different可知，此处应用复数形式。故填perspectives。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意同上。with the aim of…以……为目标，目的是……，固定短语。故填with。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意同上。between…and…在……和……之间，固定短语。故填and。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你在美国的表弟David发来邮件说他很苦恼，学习压力很大，常常感到自己不如别人。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示理解；
2.提出建议。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.请按如下格式写在答题卡的相应位置。
Dear David,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear David,
I feel sorry to hear that you are suffering from the great stress. I can understand your feeling. Here are some tips to help you.
First, it’s a good way to believe in yourself, always thinking that you’re making progress little by little. That way you will gain more confidence, which is the key to getting your study improved. Second, taking more exercise can not only rest your brain but also build up your bodies. As far as I’m concerned, it’s really helpful to your health and study as well. I do hope you find these ideas of great use. And I do believe, with your attempt, you can manage to overcome these difficulties.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假如你是李华，你在美国的表弟David发来邮件说他很苦恼，学习压力很大，常常感到自己不如别人。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：1.表示理解；2.提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：tip→suggestion
相信自己：believe in yourself→trust yourself
有益的：helpful→beneficial
克服：overcome→go over/conquer
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I do hope you find these ideas of great use.
拓展句：I do hope that you will find these ideas are of great use.
【点睛】[高分句型1] That way you will gain more confidence, which is the key to getting your study improved. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和动名词作宾语)
[高分句型2] Second, taking more exercise can not only rest your brain but also build up your bodies. (运用了动名词作主语和not only...but also结构)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My husband Frank and I lived a simple life — carrying lunch to work, skipping vacations, and staying in. But it was our fifteenth wedding anniversary, so we decided to choose an expensive Italian restaurant.
Halfway through our very delicious dinner, Frank and I noticed that the two diners at the table to our right seemed to be looking for something under their table and all around. The elegantly dressed woman appeared to be in her late seventies, and the much younger male companion looked like her son. The woman kept touching her ear.
“Did you lose an earring ” I asked.
The woman shook her head and looked worried.
“My hearing aid,” she said. “My son finally convinced me to get it this week, and it’s so expensive, and...” she trailed off. “My son’s eyes are better than mine, but he can’t find it either.”
No waiters seemed to be helping, and the other Saturday night diners seemed to be purposely ignoring the small commotion.
Frank stood up immediately. “Let me look,” he offered. “You never know, maybe a fresh eye will spot it.”
“Oh, it’s very small, and it’s the same color as the floor,” the woman said, adding, “I don’t want to bother you.”
“That’s OK, let me try,” Frank said, and dropped to a crouch, moving a few inches at a time, eyes and hands sweeping back and forth.
Meanwhile, I stood over their table, scrutinizing (仔细检查), moving the dishes, using a fork to look under the bread in the basket, running my hand over the tablecloth, shifting the plates.
“Thank you so much, you two,” the woman said. “But I’m afraid it’s lost forever. Your dinner’s getting cold; please don’t worry.”
I saw tears forming in her eyes. Soon, her son sank back into his chair, too. But Frank kept looking until one of them thanked him again, and he too, finally sat down to finish eating.
Ten minutes later, as we were finishing our entrées, the mother and son were sipping coffee, silent.
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“I’m going to take one more look,” my husband said.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Frank smiled and said, “You are welcome. I’m just glad to be of help.”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 “I’m going to take one more look,” my husband said. Then, with his head down, he rummaged carefully, not caring about the mess, only worrying about missing a detail. Time went by bit by bit, and hard work paid off. “Ah! Here it is.” With a burst of surprise, Frank finally found a grape-sized hearing aid. The item he found was the elegantly dressed woman’s missing hearing aid. After cleaning up, the woman put on her hearing aid. It’s as good as new. They thanked Frank from the bottom of their hearts.
Frank smiled and said, “You are welcome. I’m just glad to be of help.” Frank came back to our table. We drank coffee and happily recalled the sweet life together. We imagined the bright future together. Later, the old lady and her son said goodbye and checked out. When we wanted to check out as well, the waiter told us that the two previous diners had checked out for us and left a note that said, “Thank you. Your help is like a lifeline, which makes me grateful. Best wishes, kind people.”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和丈夫弗兰克在结婚十五周年纪念日那天，去一家昂贵的意大利餐厅就餐，在他们非常美味的晚餐进行到一半时，他们注意到右边桌子上的两位食客似乎在寻找桌子下面和周围的东西。原来是老太太的助听器丢了，于是弗兰克主动帮忙寻找，但是也没有找到。最后，大家都放弃寻找，继续用餐。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘我要再看一眼，’我丈夫说。”可知，第一段可描写弗兰克再次帮老太太寻找助听器，并最终找到了。
②由第二段首句内容“弗兰克笑着说：‘不用客气。我很高兴能帮上忙。’”可知，第二段可描写弗兰克回到座位上和作者聊天，老太太回报作者和弗兰克的帮助。
2.续写线索：继续仔细翻找——最终找到——助听器失而复得——老太太非常感激——弗兰克回去和作者一起喝咖啡、聊天——老太太道别、离开——作者结账——收到感谢便条
3.词汇激活（一个词汇要写出相近的表达）
行为类
①谈话：rummage/go through
②回忆：recall/reminisce
③找到：find/seek out
情绪类
①快乐地：happily/merrily
②感激的：grateful/appreciative
【点睛】[高分句型1] Then, with his head down, he rummaged carefully, not caring about the mess, only worrying about missing a detail. (运用了现分词作状语)
[高分句型2] The item he found was the elegantly dressed woman’s missing hearing aid. (运用了省略关系代词的定语从句)
[高分句型3] Your help is like a lifeline, which makes me grateful. (运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)
