人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists复习学案（含答案）

Ⅰ.认阅读单词
1．cholera n．霍乱
2．diarrhoea n．腹泻
3．dehydration n．脱水
4．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
5．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌
6．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒
7．water pump水泵
8．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
9．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
10．statistic n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
11．epidemiology n．流行病学
12．microscope n．显微镜
13．protein n．蛋白质
14．cell n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房
15．virus n．病毒
16．vaccine n．疫苗
17．framework n．框架；结构
18．theoretical framework理论框架
19．rainbow n．彩虹
20．concrete n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
21．plasma n．血浆
22．aerospace n．航空航天工业
23．patriotic adj.爱国的
24．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
25．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工
26．aviation n．航空制造业；航空；飞行
27．jet n．喷气式飞机
28．missile n．导弹
29．astronomer n．天文学家
30．astronomy n．天文学
31．telescope n．望远镜
Ⅱ.记重点单词
1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
3．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
4．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
5．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)；(用手)触碰
6．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
7．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
8．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
9．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
10．thinking n．思想；思维；见解
11．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
12．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
13．solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体
14．cast vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
15．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处
16．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
17．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能
18．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
19．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
20．abstract adj.抽象的；理论上的 n．(文献等的)摘要
21．concept n．概念；观念
22．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
23．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
24．furthermore adv.此外；再者
25．fault n．弱点；过错
26．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
Ⅲ.知拓展单词
1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败
2．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；传染的
3．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是
4．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；繁殖
5．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.干扰；介入
6．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净
7．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫；保护
8．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
9．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋
10．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；持续地
11．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地
1．idiom n．习语；成语
2．ignore vt.忽视
3．illegal adj.非法的；不合法的
4．immediately adv.立即
5．immigration n．移民
6．import vt.& n．进口；输入
7．impression n．印象；感觉
8．incorrect adj.不正确的；错误的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．once and for all最终地；彻底地
2．subscribe to同意；赞同
3．thanks to幸亏；由于
4．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．in charge of主管；掌管
6．come down患(病)；染上(小病)
7．above all最重要的是；尤其是
8．die from/of死于
9．in time及时；迟早
10．be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.(until引导的时间状语从句)
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...)
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
3．Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(that引导的宾语从句)
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
4．It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(It seemed that...似乎……)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
5．Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(have sth done)
因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
6．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk.(形容词短语作状语)
大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
Since the severe COVID-19 broke out，many people all over the world have been infected.Chinese outstanding，gifted and patriotic specialists in epidemiology and their assistants have been 1.in charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to defend more people from being killed.They desired to produce vaccine to 2.handle the deadly disease once and for all.Initially，with concrete proof collected，they suspected that wild bats were to 3.blame.But by observing the virus with microscopes，they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the framework of the virus，which gradually transformed their initial contradictory thinking.All the findings made them subscribe to the idea that the virus was not directly 4.linked to the bats，which made the brilliant experts frustrated.This also cast a shadow on the experts，so they had to shift towards how to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out，the less likely we will 5.come down with the deadly disease.Furthermore，taking in more protein and eating more vegetables are good choices as well.Last but not least，what we should do is that we must wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions，the threat of COVID-19 in China saw a substantial 6.decrease.What we have experienced has taught us to lead a healthy life such as drinking pure or boiled water and avoiding raw foods.In conclusion，under our motherland’s leadership，we have achieved steady success，tears of happiness pouring down our cheeks.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．指责；责备
be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备 blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事 take the blame承担过错
(1) Furthermore，the boss blamed the mistake on his assistant，who wouldn’t take the blame for the mistake he hadn’t made.
(2)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(话题写作之人际交往)
When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes.After all，many times we are also to blame.So instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 [defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；保护]
defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受…… defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护 in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护
(1)The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in defence.She seemed to defend herself from/against being injured.
(2)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)
①Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(defend)
②Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed in defence of his son/in his son’s defence like an arrow.(defence)
come down (with...)染上；得了(……病)；患(病)
come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解 come about发生(无被动形式) come on加油；到来；得了吧 come out出版；结果是；(花)开放 come up走近；上来；被提出 come up with提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等) when it comes to...当谈及……
用come的相关短语填空
(1)Above all，tell me how the accident came about immediately.
(2)My assistant’s first novel came out，which made me proud of him.
(3)Aware that my partner came down with a serious disease，I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously.(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
(4)When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary. Besides，when teachers’ questions come up in class，you should try to come up with answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“Come on！”(应用文写作之建议信)
above all最重要的是；首先；尤其是
after all毕竟；终究 first of all首先；第一 all in all整体说来；总而言之 in all全部；合计 at all(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟
用all的相关短语填空
(1)The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.First of all/Above all，you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.After all，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.All in all，studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy at all.(应用文写作之推荐信)
(2)Thanks to your timely and generous help，I managed to handle the four problems in all.
until引导的时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。 倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。 强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
(1)我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。
(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)
I would keep working on the farm until I earned enough money to help my father buy a new tractor.
(2)直到我经历了这场事故，我才意识到坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)
①I wasn’t aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened until I experienced the accident.(not...until)
②Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)
③It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句)
so...that...　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。 so...that...句型的常见形式： so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that... so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that... such...that...句型的常见形式： such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that... such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that... 当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
(1)It is normal for such little boys to eat so little food，so don’t blame them.
(2)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
①He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.
②So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写)
(3)你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
You have made such great progress，so I am specially writing to congratulate you.
(4)The self-study room is such an appealing place that many students will gather there to further improve their learning level.(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)
→The self-study room is so appealing a place that many students will gather there to further improve their learning level.(用so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that改写)
have sth done　Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
have sth done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事 have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态 can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事 have sth to do有某事要做
(1)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers’ houses.
(2)我们班主任不能容忍我们浪费时间。即使我们已完成作业，他也总是让我们阅读经典来开阔我们的视野。
Our head teacher can’t have us wasting our time.Even if we have finished our homework，he always has us read classics to widen/broaden our horizons.
(3)我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I am terribly sorry for having you waiting for me for so long，because I had an urgent thing to attend to just now.
1．If you do，you won’t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone’s day.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
如果你不能放下个人情绪，就无法处理这样的情况。整个事情处理不好会导致不愉快的场面，这将会毁掉大家的一天。
2．As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese，the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it.(2021·浙江6月)
当收到一张用中文写的明信片时可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个理念就行不通。
3．Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.(2019·天津)
食物网可能是由许多弱生物链主导，因为这种安排从长远来看更加稳定。
4．Hearing these stories，I’m sceptical about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
听说这些故事时，我对这个地方表示怀疑——其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验。
5．Public libraries have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge，meet interesting people，or find out how to start a business.(2020·天津7月)
公共图书馆已经变成了你可以培养对知识的热爱、可以见到有趣的人或者可以了解如何创业的地方。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．handle
(1)Don’t handle the vase as if it were made of steel. D
(2)Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance. B
(3)Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. C
(4)We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely. A
2．subscribe
(1)He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all.
B
(2)This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the past.
C
(3)Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to multiple magazines recently. A
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)The research lacks solid proof，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.可靠的
(2)It’s my turn to be on the night shift.轮班
(3)He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents.摘要
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.Furthermore，table tennis is such an interesting game that people all over the world play it.
2．I have to say in his defence because he，an honest man，won’t steal anything in the grocery store.
3．In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake，shifting(shift) his weight nervously from one foot to another.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
4．It was the gifted(gift) girl that came up with such a brilliant idea.
5．I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected(suspect) of stealing his money.
6．He constantly finds fault with me，but I won’t yield to him.
7．The outstanding astronomer who devoted himself to his career came down with a severe illness.
8．I entirely believe that you are not linked to/with what happened just now.
9．I convinced them to subscribe to my plan，but later they changed their minds.
10．In a sense，we should blame the present terrible environment on humans’ over-consumption.
Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
道歉信——丢失词典
1．我非常抱歉，在回家的路上弄丢了你的词典。(have sth done)
I’m sorry to have your dictionary lost on my way home.
2．我是如此羞愧，以至于我晚上都睡不好。(so...that的倒装句)
So ashamed was I that I couldn’t sleep well at night.
3．直到我把词典找回来，我才会感觉舒服。(not...until的强调句型)
It was not until I got the dictionary back that I would feel comfortable.
4．但是，似乎我永远也找不到词典了，我既沮丧又失望。(it seemed that...，形容词短语作状语)
But it seemed that I couldn’t find the dictionary forever，frustrated and disappointed.
5．总而言之，我认为必须给你买一本全新的词典以表达我诚挚的歉意。(that引导的宾语从句)
All in all，I think that I must buy you a brand-new dictionary to express my heartfelt apology.
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
教材续写语料
1．情感描写
frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
2．动作描写
suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责
decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出
defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助
break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
续写语料运用
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。
我被怀疑偷了这位女士的金戒指，这使我的脸上蒙上了一层阴影。我是如此懊恼以至于泪水像洪水一样顺着脸颊流下来。后来，我想我为什么要代人受过呢？因此我尽最大努力追踪真正的小偷以捍卫我的清白。在朋友们的帮助下，我深信我会证明我是被冤枉的。
I was suspected of stealing the woman’s gold ring，which cast a cloud of gloom over my face.So frustrated was I that tears poured down my cheeks like a flood.Then I thought why I should take the blame for somebody else.So I tried my best to trace the real thief to defend my innocence.With my friends assisting me，I was greatly convinced that I would prove that I was wronged.