必修第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
An 89-year-old man，Manfred Steiner，has reached a goal he spent 20 years working toward and nearly a lifetime thinking about：earning his PhD.And now he is a physicist.
Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted and because he overcame health problems that could have affected his studies.“But I made it，and this was the most satisfactory point in my life to finish it，”he said.
When he was young，Steiner wanted to become a physicist after reading about Albert Einstein.But his mother and uncle persuaded him that studying medicine would be a better choice.He earned his medical degree in 1955 and moved to the US soon after.
Steiner studied hematology(血液学) at Tufts University and biochemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.He became a full professor and led the hematology department at Browns’medical school from 1985 to 1994.Steiner helped establish a research program in hematology at the University of North Carolina.He directed that program until he retired from medicine in 2000.
Steiner found medical research pleasing，but it was not quite the same as his interest in physics.“It was something like a wish that was never fulfilled，that always stuck in the back of my head，”he said.At age 70，he started taking undergraduate classes.
Physics professor Brad Marston was surprised when Steiner entered his quantum mechanics class.But he became Steiner’s adviser for his dissertation(学位论文) after realizing how serious Steiner was about the subject and how hard he worked.“He has written many papers in medical science，more papers than I’ve written in physics，”Marston said.“One thing that’s really true about Manfred is that he perseveres.”
After the university published a story about Steiner on its website，people across the US contacted him to ask for advice on how to go after their dreams later in life.His advice is：Do what you love to do.
1．Why did Steiner value his degree in physics
A．Because it solved his health problems.
B．Because it was his long-pursued dream.
C．Because it met his mother’s expectation.
D．Because it was inspired by Albert Einstein.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，他重视他的物理学位是因为那是他长期追求的梦想。故选B。
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Steiner’s contributions to teaching.
B．Steiner’s researches after retirement.
C．Steiner’s achievements in hematology.
D．Steiner’s performances at Tufts University.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。通读第四段尤其根据该段最后两句可知，本段主要讲Steiner在血液学上的成就。故选C。
3．What impressed Professor Marston most about Steiner
A．His taking undergraduate classes at 70.
B．His writing more papers in physics.
C．His sticking to becoming a physicist.
D．His being a role model for Americans.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，Steiner令Marston教授印象最深的是他坚持成为一名物理学家。故选C。
4．Which of the following can best describe Steiner
A．Active and open-minded.
B．Enthusiastic and easy-going.
C．Intelligent and warm-hearted.
D．Perseverant and hard-working.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段“An 89-year-old man，Manfred Steiner，has reached a goal he spent 20 years working toward and nearly a lifetime thinking about：earning his PhD.”和倒数第二段中“how hard he worked”“One thing that’s really true about Manfred is that he perseveres.”可知，Steiner是一位有毅力、努力的人。故选D。
B
The short film Piper，released by Pixar in 2016，won the 89th Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.Piper was written and directed by Alan Barillaro，previously working in the animation(动画片) department.It’s a wonder that he had the fortune to win Oscar for his first film.
The short film follows a baby bird named Piper，as she learns and overcomes her fears of finding food at the seafront.Piper is encouraged to peck(啄) at the sand beach but gets wet through with water from a wave.Discouraged by the terrible wave，she hopes to get food from her mother but fails.After gathering up the courage again，she meets a hermit crab(寄居蟹) who shows her not to be scared of the ocean but to embrace it.Finally，she discovers the secret of the ocean and feeds herself even her family.It’s a story about facing challenges and not being discouraged by failure.Like Piper，we can always find solutions and come out stronger than ever before.
Somehow Pixar manages to fit all of these into a five-minute-long short film，without using any spoken language and entirely by animation.Movements and personified facial expressions are what drive this story in this film.Much like the nature documentary，the continuous pulling of the shallow focus adds the sense of realism.The clean and clear animation allows for even the slightest micro-expressions to be picked up by the audience.And the music is consistent with Piper’s emotions，making the audience feel the same way.
This film and lots of others by Pixar make us laugh and cry all the time.By fitting a simple story with simple characters，we are led through challenges to a satisfying conclusion for our characters.It’s one of the best short films in a long time.
5．What is the storyline of the short film
A．A mother instructs her child to find food.
B．A bird overcomes fears and grows independent.
C．A bird family tries to adapt to life at the seafront.
D．A sand beach offers food to the birds living nearby.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The short film follows a baby bird named Piper，as she learns and overcomes her fears of finding food at the seafront.”可知，短片主要是讲一只小水鸟克服恐惧，变得独立的故事，故选B。
6．What techniques are used in the short film
A．Animation and music.
B．Sound and virtual scenes.
C．Movements and speeches.
D．Clear pictures and vivid lines.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The clean and clear animation allows for even the slightest micro-expressions to be picked up by the audience.And the music is consistent with Piper’s emotions，making the audience feel the same way.”可知，这部短片主要运用了动画和音乐的技巧，故选A。
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the short film
A．Indifferent. B．Critical.
C．Favorable. D．Negative.
答案 C
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中“It’s one of the best short films in a long time.”可知，作者对于这部短片是赞许的，故选C。
8．What is this text
A．A documentary. B．A review.
C．A story. D．An essay.
答案 B
解析 文章体裁题。根据文章对短片内容和特点的介绍及最后一段可知，本文是一篇对这部短片的评论。故选B。
C
On paper，hydrogen(氢气) looks like a dream fuel.In practice，things are trickier.Storing meaningful quantities of hydrogen gas requires compressing(压缩) it several hundred times.Transforming it into liquid state is another option，but one that requires cooling the stuff to －253℃.Either process requires rugged tanks.Over time，hydrogen gas can pass slowly into metals，weakening them and potentially causing cracks.Tanks must be built from special materials designed to resist this breakdown.
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute，led by Marcus Vogt，think that supplying hydrogen as goop(糊状) offers a way around some of its limitations.They have been experimenting with a chemical compound that can be pumped into a container and then persuaded to give off its hydrogen on demand.
Their invention，which they nickname “powerpaste”，looks like toothpaste.Its main ingredient is magnesium hydride(氢化镁)，a compound that when introduced to water，reacts with it to form hydrogen and magnesium hydroxide(氢氧化镁)．The escaped hydrogen can then be redirected into a fuel cell，where it reacts with oxygen from the air to generate electric power.The magnesium hydroxide waste is emptied from the reactor automatically.
Dr Vogt’s scheme offers several advantages over batteries，petrol and more conventional ways of handling hydrogen.One is the storage of energy than either batteries or petrol can manage.A second is ease of refilling，which is simply a matter of swapping an empty container of paste for a full one，and topping up the water，which is stored in a separate tank.A third advantage is that，unlike a battery，the paste does not gradually lose its stored energy if it is left on the shelf.Moreover，the paste itself is harmless，as are the reaction’s by-products.
But there are still more to work through.Magnesium hydride reacts only slowly with water.To overcome this，Dr Vogt and his team have found a chemical additive that greatly accelerates the reaction.They have also found a way to ensure that the reaction can be controlled precisely enough to supply only as much hydrogen as is needed at any given moment.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发明了一种像牙膏一样的化合物，它的主要成分是氢化镁，与水反应生成氢气，氢气再与空气中的氧气反应产生电能。
9．Which of the following best explains “rugged”underlined in paragraph 1
A．Creative. B．Fragile.
C．Tough. D．Enormous.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段画线词后的“Over time，hydrogen gas can pass slowly into metals，weakening them and potentially causing cracks.Tanks must be built from special materials designed to resist this breakdown.”可知，这两种工艺都需要坚固的储罐。所以rugged为“坚固耐用的”之意。故选C。
10．What can we know about the invention according to paragraph 3
A．Magnesium hydride mixed with water releases hydrogen.
B．Several chemical reactions occur in the same tank.
C．Water and electricity are necessary in the process.
D．The remaining waste needs removing with extra help.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Its main ingredient is magnesium hydride(氢化镁)，a compound that when introduced to water，reacts with it to form hydrogen and magnesium hydroxide(氢氧化镁)．”可知，氢化镁与水反应可以生成氢气。故选A。
11．How is paragraph 4 mainly developed
A．By providing examples.
B．By drawing comparisons.
C．By quoting sayings.
D．By explaining a concept.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Dr Vogt’s scheme offers several advantages over batteries，petrol and more conventional ways of handling hydrogen.”及“unlike a battery”等内容可知，本段主要是通过比较的方法来展开陈述的。故选B。
12．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Dream Fuel：Hydrogen Gas
B．New Clean Energy
C．Advantages of Hydrogen Goop
D．“Toothpaste”in Your Tank
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发明了一种像牙膏一样的化合物，它的主要成分是氢化镁，与水反应生成氢气，氢气再与空气中的氧气反应产生电能。所以“‘Toothpaste’in Your Tank”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023·福建福州期中联考)
Practicing gratitude can increase feelings of happiness and life satisfaction while decreasing depressive symptoms. 1 To start improving your gratitude skill，try the following gratitude challenges.
Reflect on the gifts of hardship.There is no question that life can be challenging，as things don’t always turn out the way we’d hoped. 2 It may seem difficult to reflect on challenging times and find a reason to be grateful，but in making our pain purposeful，we can find meaning in the experience.
Express gratitude to others in writing. 3 Send each of them a quick but considerate correspondence in the form of a handwritten note，email or even a thoughtfully composed text.Remind them of why they are special to you and how worthwhile they are in the world.As a result of your effort，those on the receiving end will experience the mood-boosting benefits of being appreciated.They won’t be the only beneficiaries.Writing letters of gratitude has a positive effect on the author，increasing feelings of happiness while decreasing depression，studies have shown.
4 An important aspect of practicing gratitude regularly is becoming aware of opportunities throughout your day to express gratitude.Acknowledge at least two times a day that someone spreads a small act of kindness toward you.These acts could be a delivery person bringing a package to your door，a coworker offering assistance at work or your significant other getting you a coffee. 5
When you finish the challenges，hopefully you’ll be inspired by the mood-boosting benefits and continue actively practicing gratitude on a daily basis.
A．Catch the chances of acting kindness.
B．Notice and appreciate the small stuff.
C．Think of three people in your life that you truly appreciate.
D．All of us experience dilemmas at different points in our lives.
E．The benefits of thankfulness extend to both the giver and receiver.
F．Gratitude takes practice to realize its full potential，just like any other skill.
G．Once recognizing their efforts，you can consistently show your appreciation better.
1．答案 F
解析 上文说明练习感恩对生活是有益的，下文介绍怎样提高感恩技能；F项(感恩和其他技能一样，需要练习才能充分发挥它的潜力)承上启下。故选F。
2．答案 D
解析 上文说明生活中充满挑战，D项(我们每个人都会在人生的不同阶段经历困境)承接上文，对上文进一步说明，选项中dilemma和上文中challenging语义相关。故选D。
3．答案 C
解析 上文建议以书面的形式表达感恩，下文建议快速真诚地用书信向“他们”表达感恩；C项(想出在你的生活中你真正感激的三个人)说明感恩的对象，承上启下。故选C。
4．答案 B
解析 下文建议要注意到表达感恩的机会并且要承认别人微小的善举，B项(注意并感激小事)概括本段主题，适合放在段首。故选B。
5．答案 G
解析 上文建议要承认别人的微小善举，包括陌生人、同事、家人的善意，G项(一旦认可了他们的努力，你就可以不断地更好地表达你的感恩)承接上文。故选G。必修第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
An 89-year-old man，Manfred Steiner，has reached a goal he spent 20 years working toward and nearly a lifetime thinking about：earning his PhD.And now he is a physicist.
Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted and because he overcame health problems that could have affected his studies.“But I made it，and this was the most satisfactory point in my life to finish it，”he said.
When he was young，Steiner wanted to become a physicist after reading about Albert Einstein.But his mother and uncle persuaded him that studying medicine would be a better choice.He earned his medical degree in 1955 and moved to the US soon after.
Steiner studied hematology(血液学) at Tufts University and biochemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.He became a full professor and led the hematology department at Browns’medical school from 1985 to 1994.Steiner helped establish a research program in hematology at the University of North Carolina.He directed that program until he retired from medicine in 2000.
Steiner found medical research pleasing，but it was not quite the same as his interest in physics.“It was something like a wish that was never fulfilled，that always stuck in the back of my head，”he said.At age 70，he started taking undergraduate classes.
Physics professor Brad Marston was surprised when Steiner entered his quantum mechanics class.But he became Steiner’s adviser for his dissertation(学位论文) after realizing how serious Steiner was about the subject and how hard he worked.“He has written many papers in medical science，more papers than I’ve written in physics，”Marston said.“One thing that’s really true about Manfred is that he perseveres.”
After the university published a story about Steiner on its website，people across the US contacted him to ask for advice on how to go after their dreams later in life.His advice is：Do what you love to do.
1．Why did Steiner value his degree in physics
A．Because it solved his health problems.
B．Because it was his long-pursued dream.
C．Because it met his mother’s expectation.
D．Because it was inspired by Albert Einstein.
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Steiner’s contributions to teaching.
B．Steiner’s researches after retirement.
C．Steiner’s achievements in hematology.
D．Steiner’s performances at Tufts University.
3．What impressed Professor Marston most about Steiner
A．His taking undergraduate classes at 70.
B．His writing more papers in physics.
C．His sticking to becoming a physicist.
D．His being a role model for Americans.
4．Which of the following can best describe Steiner
A．Active and open-minded.
B．Enthusiastic and easy-going.
C．Intelligent and warm-hearted.
B
The short film Piper，released by Pixar in 2016，won the 89th Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.Piper was written and directed by Alan Barillaro，previously working in the animation(动画片) department.It’s a wonder that he had the fortune to win Oscar for his first film.
The short film follows a baby bird named Piper，as she learns and overcomes her fears of finding food at the seafront.Piper is encouraged to peck(啄) at the sand beach but gets wet through with water from a wave.Discouraged by the terrible wave，she hopes to get food from her mother but fails.After gathering up the courage again，she meets a hermit crab(寄居蟹) who shows her not to be scared of the ocean but to embrace it.Finally，she discovers the secret of the ocean and feeds herself even her family.It’s a story about facing challenges and not being discouraged by failure.Like Piper，we can always find solutions and come out stronger than ever before.
Somehow Pixar manages to fit all of these into a five-minute-long short film，without using any spoken language and entirely by animation.Movements and personified facial expressions are what drive this story in this film.Much like the nature documentary，the continuous pulling of the shallow focus adds the sense of realism.The clean and clear animation allows for even the slightest micro-expressions to be picked up by the audience.And the music is consistent with Piper’s emotions，making the audience feel the same way.
This film and lots of others by Pixar make us laugh and cry all the time.By fitting a simple story with simple characters，we are led through challenges to a satisfying conclusion for our characters.It’s one of the best short films in a long time.
5．What is the storyline of the short film
A．A mother instructs her child to find food.
B．A bird overcomes fears and grows independent.
C．A bird family tries to adapt to life at the seafront.
D．A sand beach offers food to the birds living nearby.
6．What techniques are used in the short film
A．Animation and music.
B．Sound and virtual scenes.
C．Movements and speeches.
D．Clear pictures and vivid lines.
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the short film
A．Indifferent. B．Critical.
C．Favorable. D．Negative.
8．What is this text
A．A documentary. B．A review.
C．A story. D．An essay.
C
On paper，hydrogen(氢气) looks like a dream fuel.In practice，things are trickier.Storing meaningful quantities of hydrogen gas requires compressing(压缩) it several hundred times.Transforming it into liquid state is another option，but one that requires cooling the stuff to －253℃.Either process requires rugged tanks.Over time，hydrogen gas can pass slowly into metals，weakening them and potentially causing cracks.Tanks must be built from special materials designed to resist this breakdown.
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute，led by Marcus Vogt，think that supplying hydrogen as goop(糊状) offers a way around some of its limitations.They have been experimenting with a chemical compound that can be pumped into a container and then persuaded to give off its hydrogen on demand.
Their invention，which they nickname “powerpaste”，looks like toothpaste.Its main ingredient is magnesium hydride(氢化镁)，a compound that when introduced to water，reacts with it to form hydrogen and magnesium hydroxide(氢氧化镁)．The escaped hydrogen can then be redirected into a fuel cell，where it reacts with oxygen from the air to generate electric power.The magnesium hydroxide waste is emptied from the reactor automatically.
Dr Vogt’s scheme offers several advantages over batteries，petrol and more conventional ways of handling hydrogen.One is the storage of energy than either batteries or petrol can manage.A second is ease of refilling，which is simply a matter of swapping an empty container of paste for a full one，and topping up the water，which is stored in a separate tank.A third advantage is that，unlike a battery，the paste does not gradually lose its stored energy if it is left on the shelf.Moreover，the paste itself is harmless，as are the reaction’s by-products.
But there are still more to work through.Magnesium hydride reacts only slowly with water.To overcome this，Dr Vogt and his team have found a chemical additive that greatly accelerates the reaction.They have also found a way to ensure that the reaction can be controlled precisely enough to supply only as much hydrogen as is needed at any given moment.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发明了一种像牙膏一样的化合物，它的主要成分是氢化镁，与水反应生成氢气，氢气再与空气中的氧气反应产生电能。
9．Which of the following best explains “rugged”underlined in paragraph 1
A．Creative. B．Fragile.
C．Tough. D．Enormous.
10．What can we know about the invention according to paragraph 3
A．Magnesium hydride mixed with water releases hydrogen.
B．Several chemical reactions occur in the same tank.
C．Water and electricity are necessary in the process.
D．The remaining waste needs removing with extra help.
11．How is paragraph 4 mainly developed
A．By providing examples.
B．By drawing comparisons.
C．By quoting sayings.
D．By explaining a concept.
12．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Dream Fuel：Hydrogen Gas
B．New Clean Energy
C．Advantages of Hydrogen Goop
D．“Toothpaste”in Your Tank
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023·福建福州期中联考)
Practicing gratitude can increase feelings of happiness and life satisfaction while decreasing depressive symptoms. 1 To start improving your gratitude skill，try the following gratitude challenges.
Reflect on the gifts of hardship.There is no question that life can be challenging，as things don’t always turn out the way we’d hoped. 2 It may seem difficult to reflect on challenging times and find a reason to be grateful，but in making our pain purposeful，we can find meaning in the experience.
Express gratitude to others in writing. 3 Send each of them a quick but considerate correspondence in the form of a handwritten note，email or even a thoughtfully composed text.Remind them of why they are special to you and how worthwhile they are in the world.As a result of your effort，those on the receiving end will experience the mood-boosting benefits of being appreciated.They won’t be the only beneficiaries.Writing letters of gratitude has a positive effect on the author，increasing feelings of happiness while decreasing depression，studies have shown.
4 An important aspect of practicing gratitude regularly is becoming aware of opportunities throughout your day to express gratitude.Acknowledge at least two times a day that someone spreads a small act of kindness toward you.These acts could be a delivery person bringing a package to your door，a coworker offering assistance at work or your significant other getting you a coffee. 5
When you finish the challenges，hopefully you’ll be inspired by the mood-boosting benefits and continue actively practicing gratitude on a daily basis.
A．Catch the chances of acting kindness.
B．Notice and appreciate the small stuff.
C．Think of three people in your life that you truly appreciate.
D．All of us experience dilemmas at different points in our lives.
E．The benefits of thankfulness extend to both the giver and receiver.
F．Gratitude takes practice to realize its full potential，just like any other skill.
G．Once recognizing their efforts，you can consistently show your appreciation better.
