选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“Can you imagine？”Diébédo Francis Kéré said to NPR，“I was born in Burkina Faso，a little village where there was no school.And my father wanted me to learn how to read and write very simply because then I could translate or read him his letters.”
The first Black winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize was as surprised as anyone else to be selected for the field’s most famous prize.Many architects had openly supposed that 2022 would be Sir David Adjaye’s year，who is best known for designing notable buildings as the Nobel Peace Center in Norway.Kéré，who is based in Berlin but centers much of his practice in Africa，has been—until now—far lesser known，with buildings that include primary schools and a healthcare clinic.
When he was twenty，in 1985，Kéré earned a scholarship to study carpentry in Berlin.But he also attended night school and was admitted to Technische Universit t Berlin，from which he graduated in 2004 with an advanced degree in architecture.He was still a student when he designed and built the innovative Gando Primary School.
Kéré’s architectural practice was inspired by his own experience attending school with around 100 other children in a region with temperatures over 100 F．“It’s very hot inside.And there was no light，while outside，the sunlight was abundant.I think，one day I should make it better.I was thinking about space，about room，about how I could feel better.”
In his designs for Gando Primary School and Naaba Belem Goumma Secondary School，Kéré drew on traditional building materials such as local clay mixed with concrete，and emphasized shade and shadows，making spaces bright enough and letting air in，and thus reducing the need for air conditioning.He wanted the buildings to evoke the sense of an oasis(绿洲)，a place for many children，to be happy and learn how to read and write.
语篇解读 本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Diébédo Francis Kéré在2022年成为第一位获得普利兹克建筑奖的黑人建筑师，童年时艰苦的学校条件激励他未来要为孩子们创造良好的学习环境。
1．Why did the Pritzker Architecture Prize of 2022 come out as a surprise
A．Because it is the most famous prize.
B．Because the winner only designs schools.
C．Because Kéré wasn’t first selected as a candidate.
D．Because another competitor was more famous.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，业内人士对于Sir David Adjaye这位要有名气的建筑家获奖呼声颇高，相比之下最终获奖者的作品主要在非洲且名气不大。故选D。
2．What inspired Kéré’s architecture work
A．His academic training in Berlin.
B．Hardship in his early childhood.
C．An architectural contest.
D．His experience traveling abroad.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Kéré童年时经历的艰苦的学校条件激励他未来要为孩子们创造良好的学习环境，启发了他的建筑作品。故选B。
3．Which of the following best describes Kéré as an architect
A．Creative and universal.
B．Determined and ambitious.
C．Caring and practical.
D．Devoted and productive.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段后两句以及第五段可知，Kéré 设计的初衷是改善孩子们的学习环境，在设计中，他非常注重因地制宜，使建筑更有实用性，可以看出Kéré关心他人且很务实。故选C。
4．What can be inferred about the schools designed by Kéré？
A．They are well-lit and cool.
B．They only use traditional materials.
C．They need no air-conditioning.
D．They are built on oases.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In his designs for Gando Primary School ...making spaces bright enough and letting air in，and thus reducing the need for air conditioning.”可知，Kéré 设计的学校采光和通风良好，温度适宜。故选A。
B
(2023·四川成都诊断性检测)
It’s a simple yet effective message that appeals，and leads to a satisfying way of motivating us to promote environmentalism in our own way.
Born in Nairobi，Lesein Mutunkei is in his late teens，and his Trees4Goals is the means with which he intends to make the world greener.It unites two of his self-declared passions in life：love of the outdoors，with his love of football.Lesein enjoyed walking in the forest，but recognised his country was experiencing a serious loss of tree cover.Between 2001 and 2020，Kenya lost an estimated 11% of trees，releasing as many as 176 million tons of CO2.
In a blog post for WWF Kenya，Lesein revealed that，once he started the Trees4Goals initiative，he originally planned to plant one tree per goal.By 2020，he wanted to take his efforts even further.What started as one tree planted per goal mushroomed into 11 trees planted per goal.Explaining the reasoning behind expanding the tree-planting，he said，“It represents team effort in football and the contribution by my team.I have managed to hit the 1,000th tree milestone in the last two years.”
While it’s something of an own goal to destroy the forests and jungles providing enormous biodiversity，innovative initiatives like Trees4Goals are an assured way to score an environmentalist hat-trick.Football is popular.It cuts through cultural barriers irrespective of the country it is played in.By increasing the trees planted per goal，with more such initiatives springing up，even more will be grown.
Like a seed，best ideas start small and change into something that can become far larger than anticipated.While Lesein continues planting 11 trees per goal，Kenyan government is aiming to ensure the planting of 1.8 billion trees to reach 10% forest coverage.The science behind is clear：if 900 million hectares are devoted to half a trillion trees，the world can offset(抵消) half of all carbon released since 1960.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肯尼亚的一个少年开创了一个项目Trees4Goals，目的是提高肯尼亚的森林覆盖率。
5．What gave Lesein the idea of launching the project
A．Release of too much CO2.
B．Dream of motivating others.
C．Passion for sports and nature.
D．Habit of exercising in the woods.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，正是对于足球和野外的热爱使他创立了这个项目。故选C。
6．What did Lesein do in 2020
A．He created a blog for WWF.
B．He multiplied his commitment.
C．He planted one tree for each goal.
D．He extended his work to other teams.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，2020年，他加大了自己的投入，从踢进一个球就种植一棵树迅速增加到踢进一个球就种植十一棵树。故选B。
7．What do the underlined words “own goal”in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Aim that is intended to achieve.
B．Action that harms one’s own interests.
C．Pursuit toward which effort is directed.
D．Goal that is scored for the opposing team.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文“to destroy the forests and jungles providing enormous biodiversity”和常识可知，破坏森林和丛林是危害自然、损害自己和他人利益的行为。作者把这种行为比作足球运动中的“乌龙球(own goal)”。故选B。
8．What can we learn from Lesein’s story
A．United，we win.
B．No pains，no gains.
C．Love me，love my dog.
D．Small deeds，big difference.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段可推断，文章主要表达的是从小事做起，往往能带来巨大的影响。故选D。
C
A computer programme can identify breast cancer from routine scans with greater accuracy than human experts，some researchers said.They hoped what they developed could prove a breakthrough in the fight against the global killer.
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women，with more than 2 million new diagnoses last year alone.Regular screening is vital in detecting the earliest signs of the disease in patients who show no obvious symptoms.
In Britain，women over 50 are advised to get an examination of the breast every three years，the results of which are analyzed by two independent experts.But interpreting the scans leaves room for error，and a small percentage of all mammograms(乳房X光检查) either return a false positive—misdiagnosing a healthy patient as having cancer—or false negative—missing the disease as it spreads.
Now researchers at Google Health have trained an artificial intelligence model to detect cancer in breast scans from thousands of women in Britain and the United States.The images had already been reviewed by doctors in real life but unlike in a clinical setting，the machine had no patient history to inform its diagnoses.The team found that their AI model could predict breast cancer from the scans with a similar accuracy level to expert radiographers.
Further，the AI showed a reduction in the proportion of cases where cancer was incorrectly identified—5.7 percent in the US and 1.2 percent in Britain，respectively.It also reduced the percentage of missed diagnoses by 9.4 percent among US patients and by 2.7 percent in Britain.
“The earlier you identify a breast cancer，the better it is for the patient，”Dominic King，the UK lead at Google Health，told AFP.“We think about this technology in a way that supports and enables an expert，or a patient ultimately，to get the best outcome from whatever diagnostics they’ve had.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。最新研究发现，一个计算机程序可以从常规扫描中识别出乳腺癌，而且比人类专家更准确。
9．What is of great importance in discovering breast cancer at an early stage
A．Daily scanning.
B．Human experts.
C．Regular screening.
D．A computer program.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Regular screening is vital in detecting the earliest signs of the disease in patients who show no obvious symptoms.”可知，定期筛查对于发现乳腺癌的早期症状至关重要。故选C。
10．What can we infer about breast cancer from the third paragraph
A．It may be connected with age.
B．It can be cured in most cases.
C．The patients tend to be negative.
D．It is frequently misdiagnosed.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“In Britain，women over 50 are advised to get an examination of the breast every three years...”可推知，乳腺癌与年龄可能有一定的关系。故选A。
11．What’s Dominic King’s attitude toward the new technology
A．Skeptical. B．Cautious.
C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.
答案 C
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中Dominic King所说的“We think about this technology in a way that supports and enables an expert，or a patient ultimately，to get the best outcome from whatever diagnostics they’ve had.”可知，他对这项诊断乳腺癌的新技术持赞同的态度。故选C。
12．What’s the text mainly about
A．Regular screening is important for women who are over 50.
B．The earlier you identify a breast cancer the better the result is.
C．Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women.
D．AI is more powerful than experts in diagnosing breast cancer.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一个计算机程序可以从常规扫描中识别出乳腺癌，而且比人类专家更准确。所以D项(人工智能在诊断乳腺癌方面比专家更强大)是文章大意。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
Just as a philosopher says，I think，therefore I am.However，when it comes to effective teaching and learning informed by cognitive science—the science of the mind—it’s perhaps more appropriate to say： 1 So，what does effortful thinking look like Here，we explore two modes of effortful thinking，or digging deep.
2 If you were building a well，would you spend five minutes digging a shallow hole and then call it a day，or would you spend time and effort digging continuously until you struck water I think we can all agree that digging deeper for longer would be best. 3 The longer and more effortfully we think about something，the more durable its “memory trace”will be and the more accessible that information will become.
If you want learning to be connected，try digging like an archaeologist.Imagine you are on an archaeological dig，carefully unearthing the remains of an ancient city.For instance，rather than simply labeling an item “spoon”，you would instead tag it as “an iron spoon，probably made for a child”. You know that organizing items in this way is crucial if you want other archaeologists and researchers to identify and make sense of the antique by its parts (child，iron) and connect it to their own work. 4
So，in order to promote your deep，effortful thinking，you’d better use “how/why”questions that invite connections between things and push for the principle behind an idea.Besides，consider “what if...”questions that break the surface features of an idea and invite a consideration of its underlying characteristics. 5 Lengthen the duration of effortful thinking by keeping yourself at the site of thought for longer.
A．I think deeply，therefore I learn.
B．Thinking deeply often depends on the questions we ask.
C．If you want learning to be durable，try digging a well.
D．Add more tags for others to understand and access later.
E．It’s also of great importance not to move on too quickly.
F．You’d better go on with what you are working on rapidly.
G．It turns out the same is true for how we remember things.
1．答案 A
解析 上文引用了哲学家“我思故我在”这一关于思考的观点，然后从认知科学的角度提出另一个说法，所以设空处的内容就是这个说法，而且与引用的句子结构相似。A项(我深入思考，故而我有所学)内容上是关于深入思考与学习的关系，符合题意。故选A。
2．答案 C
解析 下文把思考比作凿井来展开探讨，所以设空处的内容要先引出“凿井”。C项中的“digging a well”能够引出下文的“凿井”。故选C。
3．答案 G
解析 下文讲的内容与记忆相关，G项的“how we remember things”引出下文对记忆与思考时间和深度的关系的探讨。故选G。
4．答案 D
解析 上文强调了以添加标签的方式整理物品的重要性，则设空处的内容是总结这种方式。D项(添加更多的标签，从而让其他人之后能够理解和使用)符合题意。故选D。
5．答案 E
解析 上文讲的是如何做到深入思考。E项的“also”是关键词，与上文是递进关系；上文讲的是思考“怎样……/为什么……”和“如果……会怎么样”这两类问题，E项指出了另一重要方面在于“not to move on too quickly”，引出下文的具体做法。故选E。选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“Can you imagine？”Diébédo Francis Kéré said to NPR，“I was born in Burkina Faso，a little village where there was no school.And my father wanted me to learn how to read and write very simply because then I could translate or read him his letters.”
The first Black winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize was as surprised as anyone else to be selected for the field’s most famous prize.Many architects had openly supposed that 2022 would be Sir David Adjaye’s year，who is best known for designing notable buildings as the Nobel Peace Center in Norway.Kéré，who is based in Berlin but centers much of his practice in Africa，has been—until now—far lesser known，with buildings that include primary schools and a healthcare clinic.
When he was twenty，in 1985，Kéré earned a scholarship to study carpentry in Berlin.But he also attended night school and was admitted to Technische Universit t Berlin，from which he graduated in 2004 with an advanced degree in architecture.He was still a student when he designed and built the innovative Gando Primary School.
Kéré’s architectural practice was inspired by his own experience attending school with around 100 other children in a region with temperatures over 100 F．“It’s very hot inside.And there was no light，while outside，the sunlight was abundant.I think，one day I should make it better.I was thinking about space，about room，about how I could feel better.”
In his designs for Gando Primary School and Naaba Belem Goumma Secondary School，Kéré drew on traditional building materials such as local clay mixed with concrete，and emphasized shade and shadows，making spaces bright enough and letting air in，and thus reducing the need for air conditioning.He wanted the buildings to evoke the sense of an oasis(绿洲)，a place for many children，to be happy and learn how to read and write.
语篇解读 本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Diébédo Francis Kéré在2022年成为第一位获得普利兹克建筑奖的黑人建筑师，童年时艰苦的学校条件激励他未来要为孩子们创造良好的学习环境。
1．Why did the Pritzker Architecture Prize of 2022 come out as a surprise
A．Because it is the most famous prize.
B．Because the winner only designs schools.
C．Because Kéré wasn’t first selected as a candidate.
D．Because another competitor was more famous.
2．What inspired Kéré’s architecture work
A．His academic training in Berlin.
B．Hardship in his early childhood.
C．An architectural contest.
D．His experience traveling abroad.
3．Which of the following best describes Kéré as an architect
A．Creative and universal.
B．Determined and ambitious.
C．Caring and practical.
D．Devoted and productive.
4．What can be inferred about the schools designed by Kéré？
A．They are well-lit and cool.
B．They only use traditional materials.
C．They need no air-conditioning.
D．They are built on oases.
B
(2023·四川成都诊断性检测)
It’s a simple yet effective message that appeals，and leads to a satisfying way of motivating us to promote environmentalism in our own way.
Born in Nairobi，Lesein Mutunkei is in his late teens，and his Trees4Goals is the means with which he intends to make the world greener.It unites two of his self-declared passions in life：love of the outdoors，with his love of football.Lesein enjoyed walking in the forest，but recognised his country was experiencing a serious loss of tree cover.Between 2001 and 2020，Kenya lost an estimated 11% of trees，releasing as many as 176 million tons of CO2.
In a blog post for WWF Kenya，Lesein revealed that，once he started the Trees4Goals initiative，he originally planned to plant one tree per goal.By 2020，he wanted to take his efforts even further.What started as one tree planted per goal mushroomed into 11 trees planted per goal.Explaining the reasoning behind expanding the tree-planting，he said，“It represents team effort in football and the contribution by my team.I have managed to hit the 1,000th tree milestone in the last two years.”
While it’s something of an own goal to destroy the forests and jungles providing enormous biodiversity，innovative initiatives like Trees4Goals are an assured way to score an environmentalist hat-trick.Football is popular.It cuts through cultural barriers irrespective of the country it is played in.By increasing the trees planted per goal，with more such initiatives springing up，even more will be grown.
Like a seed，best ideas start small and change into something that can become far larger than anticipated.While Lesein continues planting 11 trees per goal，Kenyan government is aiming to ensure the planting of 1.8 billion trees to reach 10% forest coverage.The science behind is clear：if 900 million hectares are devoted to half a trillion trees，the world can offset(抵消) half of all carbon released since 1960.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肯尼亚的一个少年开创了一个项目Trees4Goals，目的是提高肯尼亚的森林覆盖率。
5．What gave Lesein the idea of launching the project
A．Release of too much CO2.
B．Dream of motivating others.
C．Passion for sports and nature.
D．Habit of exercising in the woods.
6．What did Lesein do in 2020
A．He created a blog for WWF.
B．He multiplied his commitment.
C．He planted one tree for each goal.
D．He extended his work to other teams.
7．What do the underlined words “own goal”in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Aim that is intended to achieve.
B．Action that harms one’s own interests.
C．Pursuit toward which effort is directed.
D．Goal that is scored for the opposing team.
8．What can we learn from Lesein’s story
A．United，we win.
B．No pains，no gains.
C．Love me，love my dog.
D．Small deeds，big difference.
C
A computer programme can identify breast cancer from routine scans with greater accuracy than human experts，some researchers said.They hoped what they developed could prove a breakthrough in the fight against the global killer.
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women，with more than 2 million new diagnoses last year alone.Regular screening is vital in detecting the earliest signs of the disease in patients who show no obvious symptoms.
In Britain，women over 50 are advised to get an examination of the breast every three years，the results of which are analyzed by two independent experts.But interpreting the scans leaves room for error，and a small percentage of all mammograms(乳房X光检查) either return a false positive—misdiagnosing a healthy patient as having cancer—or false negative—missing the disease as it spreads.
Now researchers at Google Health have trained an artificial intelligence model to detect cancer in breast scans from thousands of women in Britain and the United States.The images had already been reviewed by doctors in real life but unlike in a clinical setting，the machine had no patient history to inform its diagnoses.The team found that their AI model could predict breast cancer from the scans with a similar accuracy level to expert radiographers.
Further，the AI showed a reduction in the proportion of cases where cancer was incorrectly identified—5.7 percent in the US and 1.2 percent in Britain，respectively.It also reduced the percentage of missed diagnoses by 9.4 percent among US patients and by 2.7 percent in Britain.
“The earlier you identify a breast cancer，the better it is for the patient，”Dominic King，the UK lead at Google Health，told AFP.“We think about this technology in a way that supports and enables an expert，or a patient ultimately，to get the best outcome from whatever diagnostics they’ve had.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。最新研究发现，一个计算机程序可以从常规扫描中识别出乳腺癌，而且比人类专家更准确。
9．What is of great importance in discovering breast cancer at an early stage
A．Daily scanning.
B．Human experts.
C．Regular screening.
D．A computer program.
10．What can we infer about breast cancer from the third paragraph
A．It may be connected with age.
B．It can be cured in most cases.
C．The patients tend to be negative.
D．It is frequently misdiagnosed.
11．What’s Dominic King’s attitude toward the new technology
A．Skeptical. B．Cautious.
C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.
12．What’s the text mainly about
A．Regular screening is important for women who are over 50.
B．The earlier you identify a breast cancer the better the result is.
C．Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women.
D．AI is more powerful than experts in diagnosing breast cancer.
Ⅱ.七选五
Just as a philosopher says，I think，therefore I am.However，when it comes to effective teaching and learning informed by cognitive science—the science of the mind—it’s perhaps more appropriate to say： 1 So，what does effortful thinking look like Here，we explore two modes of effortful thinking，or digging deep.
2 If you were building a well，would you spend five minutes digging a shallow hole and then call it a day，or would you spend time and effort digging continuously until you struck water I think we can all agree that digging deeper for longer would be best. 3 The longer and more effortfully we think about something，the more durable its “memory trace”will be and the more accessible that information will become.
If you want learning to be connected，try digging like an archaeologist.Imagine you are on an archaeological dig，carefully unearthing the remains of an ancient city.For instance，rather than simply labeling an item “spoon”，you would instead tag it as “an iron spoon，probably made for a child”. You know that organizing items in this way is crucial if you want other archaeologists and researchers to identify and make sense of the antique by its parts (child，iron) and connect it to their own work. 4
So，in order to promote your deep，effortful thinking，you’d better use “how/why”questions that invite connections between things and push for the principle behind an idea.Besides，consider “what if...”questions that break the surface features of an idea and invite a consideration of its underlying characteristics. 5 Lengthen the duration of effortful thinking by keeping yourself at the site of thought for longer.
A．I think deeply，therefore I learn.
B．Thinking deeply often depends on the questions we ask.
C．If you want learning to be durable，try digging a well.
D．Add more tags for others to understand and access later.
E．It’s also of great importance not to move on too quickly.
F．You’d better go on with what you are working on rapidly.
G．It turns out the same is true for how we remember things.
