选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Make the most of the pleasant weather and enjoy the best walk of the year with friends and family.Use your 2 for 1 Entry in some of our favorite landscape gardens for a memorable day out.
Painswick Rococo Garden
Find beauty and quietness at the UK’s only complete surviving Rococo Garden.Discover fanciful garden flowers，woodland walks，and beautifully framed views across the valley.Dogs on short leads are permitted and the shop offers a range of seasonal and local produce.
Book at rococogarden.org.uk.
Open：closed 1－25 March，open 26－31 March,10 am－4 pm，last entry 2：30 pm.
Nymans Garden
Walk down Spring Walk packed with seasonal flowers and pleasant smells，and enjoy the hedge(树篱) topped with frost.Routes include those with plenty of level paths to follow around the garden.Dogs are welcome every day from 1：30 pm，with a festive treat provided.
Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/nymans.
Open：daily except 24 and 25 March,10 am－4 pm.
Ventnor Botanic Garden
Even in early spring，there are typically over 200 varieties of plants to be seen flowering as you explore the 27 acres.Enjoy access to the coastal path and routes accessible for wheelchairs，and then warm up with coffee milk in the café afterward.
Book at botanic.co.uk.
Open：daily except 25 March,9 am－4 pm.
Gibside Garden
Enjoy walking paths at this Georgian landscape garden，featuring plenty of wildlife.Follow the winding river and turning valley for fantastic views.Warm up with hot chocolate and delicious biscuits in the second-hand bookshop.
Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/gibside.
Open：daily except 24 and 25 March,10 am－4 pm.
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了可以与家人和朋友一起散步的四个景观花园。
1．What do Painswick Rococo Garden and Nymans Garden have in common
A．Valley views. B．Frosty flowers.
C．Seasonal produce. D．Pet permission.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据Painswick Rococo Garden部分中的“Dogs on short leads are permitted”以及Nymans Garden部分中的“Dogs are welcome every day from 1：30 pm”可知，这两个花园的共同之处在于都允许宠物进入。故选D。
2．Which garden favors people with walking disability
A．Painswick Rococo Garden.
B．Nymans Garden.
C．Ventnor Botanic Garden.
D．Gibside Garden.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据Ventnor Botanic Garden部分中的“Enjoy access to the coastal path and routes accessible for wheelchairs”可知，文特诺植物园适合行走不便的人。故选C。
3．Where can the text be found
A．In a research paper.
B．In a travel brochure.
C．In a science magazine.
D．In a geography textbook.
答案 B
解析 文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了可以与家人和朋友一起散步的四个景观花园，包括各自的特色、预订方式、开放时间等。由此可推测，本文最有可能出现在旅游手册上。故选B。
B
(2023·江苏苏州期中调研)
Lots of animals live and move in groups—elephants in herds，wolves in packs，birds in flocks，and fish in schools.Research has shown that where an individual is located in the group can affect the benefits it gets from hanging out in a crowd.However，Shaun Killen，an ecophysiologist at the University of Glasgow in the UK says，researchers haven’t yet fully explored the role of physiological processes such as digestion in driving animals’ collective behavior.
Killen and his colleagues recently studied schools of Eurasian minnows(米诺鱼) swimming in a tank against a current.Pieces of food were constantly moving past the fish，and the team recorded how much each minnow ate and the fishes’ positions before and after eating.After calculating the metabolic(新陈代谢的) costs of digesting each fish’s meal and comparing it to the fish’s position，the team observed a trend: fish that had just gulped down a big meal moved to the back of the school，even when they’d swum at the front at most other times.
“It makes sense that feeding would influence individuals’ positions in a group，” says Damien Farine，who studies collective behavior in birds at the University of Konstanz in Germany.“If a fish is hungry，it’s competing with others in the school to eat，and being at the front gives it access to more food.But once the fish is full，it doesn’t necessarily need to be at the front.” In addition，“being at the back of the group is less energetically costly for a range of reasons，” Farine notes.“An individual at the back doesn’t have to contribute to navigating，and by relaxing the brain load it saves more energy.”
Killen says he’s been thinking about the pros and cons of being at the back of the pack，such as protection from attackers and a boost from schoolmates’ slipstream.Changes in position，especially during the basic trade-off between feeding and movement，appear to influence group leadership，information transfer，and group decision making.But the consequences of the trade-offs for group power and survival are not yet understood.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个体在群体中的位置会影响其所获得的利益。
4．What does Killen and his colleagues’ study focus on
A．How behavioral traits influence position changes of individuals in fish schools.
B．How location influences nutrition states of individuals in fish schools.
C．How digestion influences distribution of individuals in fish schools.
D．How location influences benefits of individuals in fish schools.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“researchers haven’t yet fully explored the role of physiological processes such as digestion in driving animals’ collective behavior”和第二段的“After calculating the metabolic(新陈代谢的) costs of digesting each fish’s meal and comparing it to the fish’s position，the team observed a trend”可知，Killen和他同事的研究重点是消化如何影响鱼群中个体的分布。故选C。
5．What do the underlined words “gulped down” mean in paragraph 2
A．Swallowed. B．Located.
C．Witnessed. D．Missed.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“a big meal”可知，鱼是吃下大餐，gulped down意为“吞下，吃下”，和swallowed意思相近。故选A。
6．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．A full fish competes to eat at the back.
B．A hungry fish has easier access to more food.
C．Being at the back saves the energy of a full fish.
D．Being at the front costs a hungry fish less energy.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“But once the fish is full，it doesn’t necessarily need to be at the front.”和“being at the back of the group is less energetically costly for a range of reasons”以及最后一句可知，在鱼群的后面可以节省吃饱的鱼的能量。故选C。
7．What is Shaun Killen’s attitude to his study
A．Cautious. B．Confident.
C．Positive. D．Disappointed.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段的“Changes in position，especially during the basic trade-off between feeding and movement，appear to influence group leadership，information transfer，and group decision making.But the consequences of the trade-offs for group power and survival are not yet understood.”并结合选项可知，Shaun Killen对他的研究持谨慎的态度。故选A。
C
At Jenner Park Primary School in Wales，pupils between the ages of seven and nine are writing letters to residents of a local care home.The initiative sees children and their elderly pen pals(笔友) exchange updates about their lives，helping to build relationships between generations while also giving the children an understanding of the value of writing letters by hand—an activity that’s becoming less and less common.
Laura Johnson，the teacher who coordinates(协调) the scheme at Jenner Park，says: “All of our writing is for a purpose.That’s the key in getting children to value handwriting.As soon as you put an audience there，knowing that someone out there is going to be reading it—whether that’s parents or another group of children—there’s always the real sense of pride to go along with it.”
The school maintains a focus on handwriting throughout the years，from dedicated handwriting classes in the prep school to a calligraphy club offered to the older groups.It has created something called the pen license.It allows younger children to move from using a pencil to pen once they’ve reached a certain standard.“There’s a lot of excitement about reaching that pen licence stage，” says Johnson.
Johnson adds that developing students’ writing in this way matters for their life after school: “For us，it’s important that we create citizens of the future who have a set of life skills that can make them successful.” The dominance of technology is a challenge，she admits，but she also believes both tools have their place.“Obviously we’re competing with technology continuously，” she says.“And I know there are people there saying you don’t need to bother about handwriting because tech is out there.But we don’t see it as competing.We’re trying to get pupils to realize that there’s a place for handwriting and to know when it’s important to use each.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过倡议孩子手写书信，强调了手写的重要性，随着科技的发展，手写并不会过时，而是将与科技共存。
8．Why does the school launch the initiative
A．To help children to find the meaning of handwriting.
B．To encourage children to show pity for the aged.
C．To persuade children to choose proper courses.
D．To urge children to acknowledge the audience.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The initiative sees ...giving the children an understanding of the value of writing letters by hand”以及第二段中“All of our writing is for a purpose.That’s the key in getting children to value handwriting.”可知学校发起这项倡议是为了帮助孩子们发现手写的意义。故选A。
9．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the school
A．Its after-class activities.
B．Its practice in handwriting.
C．Its academic achievements.
D．Its innovation in technology.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段主要说明了这所学校在书法上的实践。故选B。
10．What can we infer from the last paragraph about handwriting
A．It will win against technology.
B．It will give way to technology.
C．It will co-exist with technology.
D．It will cause confusion to people.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The dominance of technology is a challenge，she admits，but she also believes both tools have their place.‘Obviously we’re competing with technology continuously，’”可推知，手写将与技术共存。故选C。
11．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Handwriting Promotes the Pen Pal Scheme
B．Slow Communication Reduces Misunderstanding
C．Creative Ideas for Dealing with Challenges Gain Popularity
D．Putting Pen to Paper Contributes to a Love of the Written Word
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。通读文章可知，文章开篇引出了让孩子们手写信件的话题，然后讲述了手写的意义和重要性，最后论述了它会和科技竞争共存。由此可以推断，D项(在纸上书写增进对文字的热爱)符合题意。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
A persuasive speech is a speech intended to convince the audience to do something.There are many elements that go into a successful persuasive speech. 1
Learn about your topic.It is important to know as much as you can about the topic you’ll be speaking on.If you aren’t already familiar with the topic，do some research and learn as much as you can. 2 You can go to the library and ask a librarian for helping find books，or just go online and find some articles.
Know your goal.It’s important to understand exactly what you are trying to achieve with your speech. 3 For example，if your topic is recycling，are you trying to get people to vote in favor of a citywide recycling program，or to convince them to sort out their glass and cans and put them in a separate bin These will be different speeches，so having the goal spelled out early will help you craft your message.
Understand your audience.It is important to understand your audience and their views and knowledge about the topic. 4 An audience that knows little about your topic will need more background information and simpler language.The audience made up of experts on the topic may find such a simple speech boring.
5 Once you’ve chosen the best persuasive approach for your audience，brainstorm the main points you’ll make during the speech.The number of points you can make to support your position will be determined by how much time you have to speak.As a rule of thumb，three to four supporting points is usually a good number.
A．Outline your main points.
B．Choose the right persuasive approach.
C．Attracting your audience is also important.
D．This will also influence the content of your speech.
E．This way，you can tailor your content to fit your goal.
F．Spend some time reading books or articles about your topic.
G．However，with good preparations，you are likely to make a powerful speech.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了准备一篇成功的有说服力的演讲的方法。
1．答案 G
解析 根据上文“There are many elements that go into a successful persuasive speech.”和下文小标题的介绍可知，空处承上启下，介绍要有充分的准备才能有好的演讲。G项(然而，有了充分的准备，你就有可能会发表一个有力的演讲)符合语境。故选G。
2．答案 F
解析 根据上文“If you aren’t already familiar with the topic，do some research and learn as much as you can.”可知，空处承接上文，进一步说明如何了解话题，F项中的“your topic”与段落小标题对应。F项(花些时间阅读与你的主题相关的书籍或文章)符合语境。故选F。
3．答案 E
解析 根据段落小标题“Know your goal.”可知，本段的关键词是“goal”，E项中的“your goal”与之对应。E项(这样，你就可以根据你的目标来调整你的内容)符合语境。故选E。
4．答案 D
解析 根据上文“It is important to understand your audience and their views and knowledge about the topic.”和下文“An audience that knows little about your topic will need more background information and simpler language.”可知，空处承上启下，说明了解你的听众和他们对这个话题的看法和理解会影响演讲的内容。D项(这也会影响你演讲的内容)符合语境。故选D。
5．答案 A
解析 空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Once you’ve chosen the best persuasive approach for your audience，brainstorm the main points you’ll make during the speech.”可知，本段主要介绍要概述自己的观点。A项(概述你的主要观点)符合语境。故选A。选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Make the most of the pleasant weather and enjoy the best walk of the year with friends and family.Use your 2 for 1 Entry in some of our favorite landscape gardens for a memorable day out.
Painswick Rococo Garden
Find beauty and quietness at the UK’s only complete surviving Rococo Garden.Discover fanciful garden flowers，woodland walks，and beautifully framed views across the valley.Dogs on short leads are permitted and the shop offers a range of seasonal and local produce.
Book at rococogarden.org.uk.
Open：closed 1－25 March，open 26－31 March,10 am－4 pm，last entry 2：30 pm.
Nymans Garden
Walk down Spring Walk packed with seasonal flowers and pleasant smells，and enjoy the hedge(树篱) topped with frost.Routes include those with plenty of level paths to follow around the garden.Dogs are welcome every day from 1：30 pm，with a festive treat provided.
Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/nymans.
Open：daily except 24 and 25 March,10 am－4 pm.
Ventnor Botanic Garden
Even in early spring，there are typically over 200 varieties of plants to be seen flowering as you explore the 27 acres.Enjoy access to the coastal path and routes accessible for wheelchairs，and then warm up with coffee milk in the café afterward.
Book at botanic.co.uk.
Open：daily except 25 March,9 am－4 pm.
Gibside Garden
Enjoy walking paths at this Georgian landscape garden，featuring plenty of wildlife.Follow the winding river and turning valley for fantastic views.Warm up with hot chocolate and delicious biscuits in the second-hand bookshop.
Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/gibside.
Open：daily except 24 and 25 March,10 am－4 pm.
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了可以与家人和朋友一起散步的四个景观花园。
1．What do Painswick Rococo Garden and Nymans Garden have in common
A．Valley views. B．Frosty flowers.
C．Seasonal produce. D．Pet permission.
2．Which garden favors people with walking disability
A．Painswick Rococo Garden.
B．Nymans Garden.
C．Ventnor Botanic Garden.
D．Gibside Garden.
3．Where can the text be found
A．In a research paper.
B．In a travel brochure.
C．In a science magazine.
D．In a geography textbook.
B
(2023·江苏苏州期中调研)
Lots of animals live and move in groups—elephants in herds，wolves in packs，birds in flocks，and fish in schools.Research has shown that where an individual is located in the group can affect the benefits it gets from hanging out in a crowd.However，Shaun Killen，an ecophysiologist at the University of Glasgow in the UK says，researchers haven’t yet fully explored the role of physiological processes such as digestion in driving animals’ collective behavior.
Killen and his colleagues recently studied schools of Eurasian minnows(米诺鱼) swimming in a tank against a current.Pieces of food were constantly moving past the fish，and the team recorded how much each minnow ate and the fishes’ positions before and after eating.After calculating the metabolic(新陈代谢的) costs of digesting each fish’s meal and comparing it to the fish’s position，the team observed a trend: fish that had just gulped down a big meal moved to the back of the school，even when they’d swum at the front at most other times.
“It makes sense that feeding would influence individuals’ positions in a group，” says Damien Farine，who studies collective behavior in birds at the University of Konstanz in Germany.“If a fish is hungry，it’s competing with others in the school to eat，and being at the front gives it access to more food.But once the fish is full，it doesn’t necessarily need to be at the front.” In addition，“being at the back of the group is less energetically costly for a range of reasons，” Farine notes.“An individual at the back doesn’t have to contribute to navigating，and by relaxing the brain load it saves more energy.”
Killen says he’s been thinking about the pros and cons of being at the back of the pack，such as protection from attackers and a boost from schoolmates’ slipstream.Changes in position，especially during the basic trade-off between feeding and movement，appear to influence group leadership，information transfer，and group decision making.But the consequences of the trade-offs for group power and survival are not yet understood.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个体在群体中的位置会影响其所获得的利益。
4．What does Killen and his colleagues’ study focus on
A．How behavioral traits influence position changes of individuals in fish schools.
B．How location influences nutrition states of individuals in fish schools.
C．How digestion influences distribution of individuals in fish schools.
D．How location influences benefits of individuals in fish schools.
5．What do the underlined words “gulped down” mean in paragraph 2
A．Swallowed. B．Located.
C．Witnessed. D．Missed.
6．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．A full fish competes to eat at the back.
B．A hungry fish has easier access to more food.
C．Being at the back saves the energy of a full fish.
D．Being at the front costs a hungry fish less energy.
7．What is Shaun Killen’s attitude to his study
A．Cautious. B．Confident.
C．Positive. D．Disappointed.
C
At Jenner Park Primary School in Wales，pupils between the ages of seven and nine are writing letters to residents of a local care home.The initiative sees children and their elderly pen pals(笔友) exchange updates about their lives，helping to build relationships between generations while also giving the children an understanding of the value of writing letters by hand—an activity that’s becoming less and less common.
Laura Johnson，the teacher who coordinates(协调) the scheme at Jenner Park，says: “All of our writing is for a purpose.That’s the key in getting children to value handwriting.As soon as you put an audience there，knowing that someone out there is going to be reading it—whether that’s parents or another group of children—there’s always the real sense of pride to go along with it.”
The school maintains a focus on handwriting throughout the years，from dedicated handwriting classes in the prep school to a calligraphy club offered to the older groups.It has created something called the pen license.It allows younger children to move from using a pencil to pen once they’ve reached a certain standard.“There’s a lot of excitement about reaching that pen licence stage，” says Johnson.
Johnson adds that developing students’ writing in this way matters for their life after school: “For us，it’s important that we create citizens of the future who have a set of life skills that can make them successful.” The dominance of technology is a challenge，she admits，but she also believes both tools have their place.“Obviously we’re competing with technology continuously，” she says.“And I know there are people there saying you don’t need to bother about handwriting because tech is out there.But we don’t see it as competing.We’re trying to get pupils to realize that there’s a place for handwriting and to know when it’s important to use each.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过倡议孩子手写书信，强调了手写的重要性，随着科技的发展，手写并不会过时，而是将与科技共存。
8．Why does the school launch the initiative
A．To help children to find the meaning of handwriting.
B．To encourage children to show pity for the aged.
C．To persuade children to choose proper courses.
D．To urge children to acknowledge the audience.
9．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the school
A．Its after-class activities.
B．Its practice in handwriting.
C．Its academic achievements.
D．Its innovation in technology.
10．What can we infer from the last paragraph about handwriting
A．It will win against technology.
B．It will give way to technology.
C．It will co-exist with technology.
D．It will cause confusion to people.
11．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Handwriting Promotes the Pen Pal Scheme
B．Slow Communication Reduces Misunderstanding
C．Creative Ideas for Dealing with Challenges Gain Popularity
D．Putting Pen to Paper Contributes to a Love of the Written Word
Ⅱ.七选五
A persuasive speech is a speech intended to convince the audience to do something.There are many elements that go into a successful persuasive speech. 1
Learn about your topic.It is important to know as much as you can about the topic you’ll be speaking on.If you aren’t already familiar with the topic，do some research and learn as much as you can. 2 You can go to the library and ask a librarian for helping find books，or just go online and find some articles.
Know your goal.It’s important to understand exactly what you are trying to achieve with your speech. 3 For example，if your topic is recycling，are you trying to get people to vote in favor of a citywide recycling program，or to convince them to sort out their glass and cans and put them in a separate bin These will be different speeches，so having the goal spelled out early will help you craft your message.
Understand your audience.It is important to understand your audience and their views and knowledge about the topic. 4 An audience that knows little about your topic will need more background information and simpler language.The audience made up of experts on the topic may find such a simple speech boring.
5 Once you’ve chosen the best persuasive approach for your audience，brainstorm the main points you’ll make during the speech.The number of points you can make to support your position will be determined by how much time you have to speak.As a rule of thumb，three to four supporting points is usually a good number.
A．Outline your main points.
B．Choose the right persuasive approach.
C．Attracting your audience is also important.
D．This will also influence the content of your speech.
E．This way，you can tailor your content to fit your goal.
F．Spend some time reading books or articles about your topic.
G．However，with good preparations，you are likely to make a powerful speech.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了准备一篇成功的有说服力的演讲的方法。
