选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On a trip to the forests of southern India，amateur photographer Kaushik Vijayan was shocked to see some massive rodents(啮齿动物)，who are maroon(紫褐色)，leaping from treetop to treetop.
Vijayan uploaded the images of the four-pound rodents to Instagram，and the Internet went crazy immediately.Some had a difficult time believing that the squirrels，photographed in the Pathanamthitta District of Kerala，actually exist，thanks to the animals’ bright spots of black and maroon.
But the Indian giant(巨大的) squirrel，also known as the Malabar giant squirrel，is the real deal.Believe it or not，it is not alone.There are three other giants in the squirrel family，Sciuridae—each of which weighs in at two to three times the size of the gray squirrels native to the eastern United States.
“The four species that make up this group are fascinating in their large size，brilliant coloration，and tendency for feeding on some of the massive tropical fruits on the trees，” says Koprowski.
Even among its relatives，the Indian giant squirrel stands out with its bright colors，which makes one wonder why its evolution would select fur.That would call so much attention to itself.After all，these forests are also home to predators such as lion-tailed macaques，leopards，and crested serpent eagles—all of which have been known to hunt rodents.
No one knows for sure，says Koprowski，but the squirrel’s purple patterns may serve as a way to hide the animal itself.This is because the broadleaf forests these squirrels inhabit create a pattern of sun spots and shaded areas—not unlike the rodents’ markings.
In other words，what looks flashy and fun to us in an Instagram post may make the squirrels disappear when hungry mouths come to hunt.Now that’s a common trick.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。摄影家Kaushik Vijayan在印度偶然发现了皮毛是紫褐色的巨型松鼠，这让很多网友都感到惊奇。经过研究，研究者认为是生活环境影响了它的身体特征。
1．How did people feel after seeing the Malabar giant squirrel’s images
A．Nervous. B．Incredible.
C．Embarrassed. D．Sorrowful.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中“Some had a difficult time believing that the squirrels，...actually exist”可知，当人们看到它的照片时，应该是难以置信的。故选B。
2．What makes the Malabar giant squirrel different from the rest
A．Its size. B．Its habitat.
C．Its color. D．Its lifestyle.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Even among its relatives，the Indian giant squirrel stands out with its bright colors”可知，印度大松鼠的颜色使其与众不同。故选C。
3．Why does the Malabar giant squirrel have unusual fur
A．To show itself off.
B．To protect itself.
C．To drive other animals away.
D．To compete with its companions.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第六段中“No one knows for sure，says Koprowski，but the squirrel’s purple patterns may serve as a way to hide the animal itself.”可知，松鼠身上的紫色图案可能是一种隐藏动物自身的方式，即用来保护自己。故选B。
4．Which of the following may be a potential threat to the Malabar giant squirrel
A．Human beings.
B．Rodents’ hunting.
C．The Instagram post.
D．The broadleaf forests.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In other words...may make the squirrels disappear when hungry mouths come to hunt.”可知，人类的狩猎活动可能会让松鼠消失。由此推出，人类是这些松鼠的潜在威胁。故选A。
B
Every summer artists perform at Fringe(边缘) Festivals around the world.Fringe Festivals are a celebration of strange art.They have all kinds of performers—from dancers，musicians and actors to everything in between.The shows give artists a chance to create unusual art.For festival goers，each show is a time to experience something different.
The first Fringe Festival was held in Edinburgh，Scotland in 1947.That was also the year of the first Edinburgh International Festival.Artists from around the world traveled to Scotland for the Edinburgh International Festival.They performed at arts centers throughout the city.Eight local theater companies did not receive an invitation，however.In response，they performed at smaller spaces around Edinburgh.These artists performed wherever they could，including banquets and even on the street.They started their own cultural event and named it the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
What started as an alternative to the mainstream has now become the world’s largest arts festival.Today，there are hundreds of Fringe Festivals taking place around the world.The one in Washington，D.C.，called the Capital Fringe Festival，is in its tenth year.It was held in the month of July.
Julianne Brienza founded the Capital Fringe Festival.She went to a school for the performing arts，but now sees herself mainly as an organizer of the festival.Brienza believes that fringe performance art is special and can have a powerful effect.
The Capital Fringe Festival takes place in different locations throughout the D．C.area.Some performances happen in traditional theaters.Others happen in unusual settings like old，empty buildings or stores after business hours are over.
Brienza says the purpose of Fringe Festivals is to explore the limits of art in unique environments.Since 2006，the event has made more than $1.7 million.It is the second largest Fringe Festival in the U．S.and its popularity has grown every year.The Edinburgh Festival Fringe continues throughout the month of August.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了边缘艺术节的起源和发展情况。
5．Who may be interested in Fringe Festivals
A．Strange art lovers.
B．Professional artists.
C．Classical musicians.
D．Traditional culture supporters.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段“Fringe Festivals are a celebration of strange art.They have all kinds of performers—from dancers，musicians and actors to everything in between.”可知，不寻常艺术的爱好者可能对边缘艺术节感兴趣。故选A。
6．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．Why Edinburgh became the global art center.
B．How the first Fringe Festival came into being.
C．When the Edinburgh International Festival was held.
D．Where the Edinburgh Festival Fringe was celebrated.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，八家当地剧院公司没有收到邀请参加爱丁堡国际艺术节，所以这些艺术家们开始了自己的文化活动，并将其命名为边缘艺术节，所以第二段主要介绍了第一届边缘艺术节是怎样产生的。故选B。
7．What can we know about the Capital Fringe Festival
A．It is the world’s largest arts festival.
B．It has no fixed places for celebration.
C．It can never be accepted by the public.
D．It has a longer history than other festivals.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，首都边缘艺术节没有固定的庆祝场所。故选B。
8．Which of the following may Brienza probably agree with about Fringe Festivals
A．They raise people’s love of festivals.
B．They limit the development of arts.
C．Formal arts are looked down upon.
D．Chances are offered to unusual arts.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Fringe Festivals are a celebration of strange art.”和“The shows give artists a chance to create unusual art.”可知，边缘艺术节给不寻常的艺术提供了机会，文章最后三段举了布里恩扎建立首都边缘艺术节的例子，由此可推知，布里恩扎很可能赞同边缘艺术节给不寻常的艺术提供了机会，所以她才会建立首都边缘艺术节。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I was a boy，I spent much time playing alone.I didn’t 1 too much，though.I lived outside town，next to a forest where oaks(橡树) were my 2 .I would sit in their shade and enjoy their peace.
Therefore it was so 3 for me when I was in 4 in a wood processing factory.It wasn’t just the back-breaking work，long 5 ，and low pay.It was also seeing trees being cut.The red oak trees were 6 affected because they made the prettiest hardwood flooring.
One afternoon after a long day’s work，I decided to take a walk in the 7 .As I wandered，I was filled with 8 for childhood days.Feeling so down，I dropped my head and that was when I 9 it：a red oak acorn(橡子) that had somehow 10 hungry animals all winter long.Something I’d read once 11 me at that moment “An acorn 12 a forest eventually if it wants！” I smiled，and carefully 13 that little acorn.Then I headed home，no longer 14 ，for I also realized in our life we all 15 as an acorn，but whether our future is a forest or not is up to us.
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小以森林为伴，他长大后在木材加工厂工作，看着美丽的树木被砍伐使他心情沮丧。后来他在森林散步时发现了一颗橡子，他领悟到人生也像橡子一样，能否成长为一片森林取决于自己。
1．A.demand B．change
C．mind D．notice
答案 C
解析 demand 要求；change 变化；mind介意；notice注意。根据下文的“though”可知，虽然作者小时候大部分时间都是一个人玩，但他并不太介意。故选C。
2．A.shelters B．hopes
C．favorites D．companions
答案 D
解析 shelter 遮蔽物，庇护处；hope 希望；favorite特别喜爱的人(或事物)；companion同伴。根据上文的“I spent much time playing alone”和下文的“sit in their shade and enjoy their peace”可知，这些橡树是作者的同伴。故选D。
3．A.surprising B．tough
C．impressive D．vital
答案 B
解析 surprising 令人惊讶的；tough 困难的；impressive 让人印象深刻的；vital至关重要的。根据下文的“It wasn’t just the back-breaking work，long ，and low pay.It was also seeing trees being cut.”以及对作者沮丧状态的描写可知，作者在木材加工厂的工作让他感到煎熬。故选B。
4．A.trouble B．business
C．employment D．luck
答案 C
解析 trouble 麻烦；business 生意；employment雇用，就业；luck运气。根据下文的“One afternoon after a long day’s work”可知，作者在木材加工厂工作。故选C。
5．A.hours B．meetings
C．breaks D．flights
答案 A
解析 hour小时；meeting 会议；break休息；flight航程。根据上文的“back-breaking(使人极度劳累的，累断腰的)”可知，这里指工作时间长。故选A。
6．A.equally B．heavily
C．rarely D．suddenly
答案 B
解析 equally 平等地；heavily 严重地；rarely 罕见地；suddenly突然。根据空后“because they made the prettiest hardwood flooring”可知，红橡树因为可以被用来制作最漂亮的硬木地板而遭到严重砍伐。故选B。
7．A.factory B．woods
C．mountains D．town
答案 B
解析 factory 工厂；wood 树林；mountain 山脉；town城镇。根据上文“I lived outside，next to a forest where oaks(橡树)”可知，作者住在橡树林旁边。结合下文的“dropped my head...a red oak acorn(橡子)” 可知，作者在树林中散步。故选B。
8．A.longing B．concern
C．regret D．struggle
答案 A
解析 longing 憧憬，怀念；concern 担忧；regret遗憾；struggle挣扎。根据第一段中“I would sit in their shade and enjoy their peace.”可知，作者很享受自己的童年时光。所以长大后作者在树林闲逛时，心中充满了对童年时光的怀念。故选A。
9．A.received B．remembered
C．recognized D．spotted
答案 D
解析 receive 收到；remember记得；recognize 辨认出；spot看见，发现。此处指作者低头时看见了一颗橡子。故选D。
10．A.encountered B．left
C．survived D．fed
答案 C
解析 encounter 遭遇；leave离开；survive幸存，幸免于难；feed喂养。结合语境和常识可知，这颗橡子既然被作者发现，说明它没有被饥饿的动物吃掉。故选C。
11．A.found B．disappointed
C．guided D．struck
答案 D
解析 find 找到；disappoint使……失望；guide带领，指导；strike打击，(想法)突然出现。那一刻，作者曾经读过的这句话“An acorn a forest eventually if it wants！”突然出现在他的脑海中。故选D。
12．A.becomes B．preserves
C．reflects D．represents
答案 A
解析 become成为；preserve保护，保存；reflect反映，体现；represent代表。根据语境，此处表示橡子变成森林，故选A。
13．A.collected B．picked
C．planted D．examined
答案 C
解析 collect收集；pick采摘；plant种植；examine检查。根据上文作者想起的那句话可知，作者希望这颗橡子变成树林，所以他会小心翼翼地种下那颗橡子。故选C。
14．A.fearful B．hesitant
C．worried D．depressed
答案 D
解析 fearful害怕的；hesitant犹豫的，踌躇的；worried担忧的；depressed沮丧的。根据上文“Feeling so down”以及“no longer”可知，作者前后的心理形成对比，所以此处指不再沮丧。故选D。
15．A.fight back B．start out
C．step forward D．break through
答案 B
解析 fight back抗争，还击，斗争；start out 开始(生活、职业、重要阶段)；step forward 主动站出来；break through突破，冲破。此处是文章主旨的升华，作者意识到每个人刚开始都像橡子一样，未来能否成为森林取决于自己。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Located in central Shanxi Province，Pingyao Ancient City 1. (found) in the 8th century BCE.Today，the original 2. (appear) and layout(布局) of the city remain，3. (contribute) to its reputation as the best-preserved ancient city 4. was created by the Han Chinese and reflecting the popular urban planning concept during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Built 5. (complete) in accordance with traditional urban planning style and layout principle of cities of the Han Chinese，Pingyao Ancient City keeps the basic layout：long ancient city walls，elegant residences and courtyards，vertical and horizontal streets and alleys；all marked a prosperous county in the past.The whole complex seems like travel 6. time and space，unfolding a living scene of 7. (tradition) daily life，commerce and religion vividly.
Circled by the ancient city wall，Pingyao Ancient City lies like a slightly tilted square.When 8. (see) from a bird’s eye perspective with some imagination，it is more like a turtle(龟)．The Southern Gate is like the head；Northern Gate is 9. tail；the two wells outside the Southern Gate 10. (be) the eyes and gates in the east and west are the symbols of its limbs.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了平遥古城的相关情况。
1．答案 was founded
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，主语Pingyao Ancient City为单数形式，与所给动词found之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态。根据时间状语in the 8th century BCE可知，句子应用一般过去时，故填was founded。
2．答案 appearance
解析 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，and连接两个并列成分，空处与layout并列，layout是名词，因此应用appear的名词形式，故填appearance。
3．答案 contributing
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词，且contribute与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填contributing。
4．答案 that
解析 考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，从句修饰先行词ancient city，空处在从句中作主语。由于先行词前有最高级修饰，故只能用that引导该定语从句。故填that。
5．答案 completely
解析 考查副词。空处修饰动词，应用副词，故填completely。
6．答案 through
解析 考查介词。travel through time and space为固定搭配，意为“穿越时空”，故填through。
7．答案 traditional
解析 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰名词短语daily life，应用所给词的形容词形式，故填traditional。
8．答案 seen
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，when引导的是省略的状语从句，句子的逻辑主语是it，指代前文的Pingyao Ancient City，与所给动词see之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填seen。
9．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。根据空处上下文可知，此处是指平遥古城的北门像龟的尾巴，故应用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
10．答案 are
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，the two wells是句子的主语，且由上下文可知，此处描述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时，故填are。选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On a trip to the forests of southern India，amateur photographer Kaushik Vijayan was shocked to see some massive rodents(啮齿动物)，who are maroon(紫褐色)，leaping from treetop to treetop.
Vijayan uploaded the images of the four-pound rodents to Instagram，and the Internet went crazy immediately.Some had a difficult time believing that the squirrels，photographed in the Pathanamthitta District of Kerala，actually exist，thanks to the animals’ bright spots of black and maroon.
But the Indian giant(巨大的) squirrel，also known as the Malabar giant squirrel，is the real deal.Believe it or not，it is not alone.There are three other giants in the squirrel family，Sciuridae—each of which weighs in at two to three times the size of the gray squirrels native to the eastern United States.
“The four species that make up this group are fascinating in their large size，brilliant coloration，and tendency for feeding on some of the massive tropical fruits on the trees，” says Koprowski.
Even among its relatives，the Indian giant squirrel stands out with its bright colors，which makes one wonder why its evolution would select fur.That would call so much attention to itself.After all，these forests are also home to predators such as lion-tailed macaques，leopards，and crested serpent eagles—all of which have been known to hunt rodents.
No one knows for sure，says Koprowski，but the squirrel’s purple patterns may serve as a way to hide the animal itself.This is because the broadleaf forests these squirrels inhabit create a pattern of sun spots and shaded areas—not unlike the rodents’ markings.
In other words，what looks flashy and fun to us in an Instagram post may make the squirrels disappear when hungry mouths come to hunt.Now that’s a common trick.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。摄影家Kaushik Vijayan在印度偶然发现了皮毛是紫褐色的巨型松鼠，这让很多网友都感到惊奇。经过研究，研究者认为是生活环境影响了它的身体特征。
1．How did people feel after seeing the Malabar giant squirrel’s images
A．Nervous. B．Incredible.
C．Embarrassed. D．Sorrowful.
2．What makes the Malabar giant squirrel different from the rest
A．Its size. B．Its habitat.
C．Its color. D．Its lifestyle.
3．Why does the Malabar giant squirrel have unusual fur
A．To show itself off.
B．To protect itself.
C．To drive other animals away.
D．To compete with its companions.
4．Which of the following may be a potential threat to the Malabar giant squirrel
A．Human beings.
B．Rodents’ hunting.
C．The Instagram post.
D．The broadleaf forests.
B
Every summer artists perform at Fringe(边缘) Festivals around the world.Fringe Festivals are a celebration of strange art.They have all kinds of performers—from dancers，musicians and actors to everything in between.The shows give artists a chance to create unusual art.For festival goers，each show is a time to experience something different.
The first Fringe Festival was held in Edinburgh，Scotland in 1947.That was also the year of the first Edinburgh International Festival.Artists from around the world traveled to Scotland for the Edinburgh International Festival.They performed at arts centers throughout the city.Eight local theater companies did not receive an invitation，however.In response，they performed at smaller spaces around Edinburgh.These artists performed wherever they could，including banquets and even on the street.They started their own cultural event and named it the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
What started as an alternative to the mainstream has now become the world’s largest arts festival.Today，there are hundreds of Fringe Festivals taking place around the world.The one in Washington，D.C.，called the Capital Fringe Festival，is in its tenth year.It was held in the month of July.
Julianne Brienza founded the Capital Fringe Festival.She went to a school for the performing arts，but now sees herself mainly as an organizer of the festival.Brienza believes that fringe performance art is special and can have a powerful effect.
The Capital Fringe Festival takes place in different locations throughout the D．C.area.Some performances happen in traditional theaters.Others happen in unusual settings like old，empty buildings or stores after business hours are over.
Brienza says the purpose of Fringe Festivals is to explore the limits of art in unique environments.Since 2006，the event has made more than $1.7 million.It is the second largest Fringe Festival in the U．S.and its popularity has grown every year.The Edinburgh Festival Fringe continues throughout the month of August.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了边缘艺术节的起源和发展情况。
5．Who may be interested in Fringe Festivals
A．Strange art lovers.
B．Professional artists.
C．Classical musicians.
D．Traditional culture supporters.
6．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．Why Edinburgh became the global art center.
B．How the first Fringe Festival came into being.
C．When the Edinburgh International Festival was held.
D．Where the Edinburgh Festival Fringe was celebrated.
7．What can we know about the Capital Fringe Festival
A．It is the world’s largest arts festival.
B．It has no fixed places for celebration.
C．It can never be accepted by the public.
D．It has a longer history than other festivals.
8．Which of the following may Brienza probably agree with about Fringe Festivals
A．They raise people’s love of festivals.
B．They limit the development of arts.
C．Formal arts are looked down upon.
D．Chances are offered to unusual arts.
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I was a boy，I spent much time playing alone.I didn’t 1 too much，though.I lived outside town，next to a forest where oaks(橡树) were my 2 .I would sit in their shade and enjoy their peace.
Therefore it was so 3 for me when I was in 4 in a wood processing factory.It wasn’t just the back-breaking work，long 5 ，and low pay.It was also seeing trees being cut.The red oak trees were 6 affected because they made the prettiest hardwood flooring.
One afternoon after a long day’s work，I decided to take a walk in the 7 .As I wandered，I was filled with 8 for childhood days.Feeling so down，I dropped my head and that was when I 9 it：a red oak acorn(橡子) that had somehow 10 hungry animals all winter long.Something I’d read once 11 me at that moment “An acorn 12 a forest eventually if it wants！” I smiled，and carefully 13 that little acorn.Then I headed home，no longer 14 ，for I also realized in our life we all 15 as an acorn，but whether our future is a forest or not is up to us.
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小以森林为伴，他长大后在木材加工厂工作，看着美丽的树木被砍伐使他心情沮丧。后来他在森林散步时发现了一颗橡子，他领悟到人生也像橡子一样，能否成长为一片森林取决于自己。
1．A.demand B．change
C．mind D．notice
2．A.shelters B．hopes
C．favorites D．companions
3．A.surprising B．tough
C．impressive D．vital
4．A.trouble B．business
C．employment D．luck
5．A.hours B．meetings
C．breaks D．flights
6．A.equally B．heavily
C．rarely D．suddenly
7．A.factory B．woods
C．mountains D．town
8．A.longing B．concern
C．regret D．struggle
9．A.received B．remembered
C．recognized D．spotted
10．A.encountered B．left
C．survived D．fed
11．A.found B．disappointed
C．guided D．struck
12．A.becomes B．preserves
C．reflects D．represents
13．A.collected B．picked
C．planted D．examined
14．A.fearful B．hesitant
C．worried D．depressed
15．A.fight back B．start out
C．step forward D．break through
Ⅲ.语法填空
Located in central Shanxi Province，Pingyao Ancient City 1. (found) in the 8th century BCE.Today，the original 2. (appear) and layout(布局) of the city remain，3. (contribute) to its reputation as the best-preserved ancient city 4. was created by the Han Chinese and reflecting the popular urban planning concept during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Built 5. (complete) in accordance with traditional urban planning style and layout principle of cities of the Han Chinese，Pingyao Ancient City keeps the basic layout：long ancient city walls，elegant residences and courtyards，vertical and horizontal streets and alleys；all marked a prosperous county in the past.The whole complex seems like travel 6. time and space，unfolding a living scene of 7. (tradition) daily life，commerce and religion vividly.
Circled by the ancient city wall，Pingyao Ancient City lies like a slightly tilted square.When 8. (see) from a bird’s eye perspective with some imagination，it is more like a turtle(龟)．The Southern Gate is like the head；Northern Gate is 9. tail；the two wells outside the Southern Gate 10. (be) the eyes and gates in the east and west are the symbols of its limbs.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了平遥古城的相关情况。
