选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Sharing
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Alex Elman runs a big business—something hard to imagine after she lost her sight in her twenties.But Elman says that losing her sight helped her focus on finding success.
Elman’s father planted a hillside vineyard in Western Massachusetts in 1981.It’s where Elman fled during the darkest period of her life.When she was 27 years old，she went blind due to complications from juvenile diabetes(青少年糖尿病) 17 years ago.She recalled，“I hid in my home.I hid in the place，to me，that was the safest place in the world.”
Elman is now the founder of Alex Elman Wines，a growing collection of organic wines from all around the world：Chianti from Italy，Torrontes from Argentina.Elman doesn’t work alone.Her assistant，a guide dog named Hanley，is something of a wine taster，and quite a beggar.Hanley travels to all of the wineries that Elman does，from South America to Europe.
At first，Elman resisted the idea of a seeing-eye dog.Now it’s hard to imagine her life，or her business，without him.She said，“When someone tells me something is organic and I don’t really believe it because I taste something funny on it，I’ll put it in front of his face and if he likes the wine，he’ll actually go in and sniff it.If it’s not right，he’ll turn his head away...He gets in the dirt with me.He scratches around.He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies.That’s how we know that the soil is actually organic and there are no chemicals.”
Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift.She said，“It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people that the broken hang nail is not a big deal，you know what I mean Don’t sweat the small stuff.Don’t sweat the big stuff either.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了亚历克斯·埃尔曼虽然失明，但仍然凭借自己的努力获得成功的故事。
1．What can we know about Elman from paragraph 2
A．She suffered from juvenile diabetes from 27 years old.
B．She liked playing hide-and-seek during her childhood.
C．She lost her sight while helping with farm work in 1981.
D．She got through her hard days in the vineyard.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“It’s where Elman fled during the darkest period of her life.”和“I hid in the place，to me，that was the safest place in the world.”可知，埃尔曼在葡萄园度过了艰难的日子。故选D。
2．What would Elman do when she couldn’t judge the wine exactly
A．She would make Hanley go in and sniff it.
B．She would order Hanley to drink it.
C．She would turn to Hanley for advice.
D．She would have another taste herself.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“...I’ll put it in front of his face and if he likes the wine，he’ll actually go in and sniff it.If it’s not right，he’ll turn his head away...”可知，如果埃尔曼不能准确判断葡萄酒，她会向汉利寻求建议。故选C。
3．What do the underlined words “the broken hang nail” in the last paragraph refer to
A．A nail which is of no use.
B．A task that it’s hard to accomplish.
C．A disadvantage you have in your life.
D．A person who is hard to deal with.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据最后一段关键句“Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift.”和“It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important”可知，在埃尔曼看来，人生中的缺陷是一份礼物，因为它让人们能够关注自己认为重要的事情，故画线词表示“劣势，缺陷”。故选C。
4．According to the passage，which of the following will Elman most probably agree with
A．When life gives you lemons，make lemonade.
B．The eye is blind if the mind is absent.
C．A single tree does not make a forest.
D．There is no royal road to success.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift.”可知，在埃尔曼看来，人生中的缺陷是一份礼物。“When life gives you lemons，make lemonade.”寓意为“遇到困境不退缩，逆流而上，苦中作乐，看到生活中阳光的一面”，符合埃尔曼的人生观。故选A。
B
(2023·河南南阳阶段考试二)
I go out of my way to say “thank you” to my partner frequently，and he’s the same way.We were both raised by parents who valued politeness，and more than that，I want to do all those little things that psychologists say help couples stay together.Expressing gratitude is one of those things，so a quick “thanks” seems like an easy one.
But according to a recent study，we’re not at all typical.The study looked at over 1,000 recordings of casual conversations among families and close friends.In only about one out of 20 times were expressions of thanks observed.Phrases that meant “thanks” but weren’t a direct translation of the word were counted，including physical gestures of thanks.
The researchers looked at a wide variety of people from different places，representing eight languages: Polish，Russian，Italy，English，Murrinh-patha (an Aboriginal language)，Cha’palaa，Lao and Siwu.
The Brits thanked people close to them the most，about 14.5 percent of the time，and close behind them were the Italians at 13.5 percent.The Murrinh-patha came next at 4.5 percent and following them were the Russians，the Polish，the Laotians and the Siwu speakers.The lowest Well，the Cha’palaa speakers of Ecuador don’t have a word for “thank you” at all.
As the linguists explained，“Expressing thanks，in some cultures，is more of a linguistic tradition than a true expression of feelings.In cultures where thanks are less often said，it’s because social cooperation is taken for granted，and ‘thank you’ isn’t really needed or necessary.”
The idea that you don’t need to thank others because it’s assumed that you’re appreciative is beautiful.But it is a bit hard for me to accept.So I’ll keep saying “thanks” as frequently as I do.But as a frequent traveler，I’ll keep in mind to watch the local custom and follow suit.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究发现人们很少对家人和亲密的朋友表达感谢，而作者认为人们应该经常表达谢意。
5．What might be psychologists’ opinion about expressing thanks
A．It can show a person’s values.
B．It is passed down from parents.
C．It is a little and unnecessary thing.
D．It can contribute to close relationship.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I want to do all those little things that psychologists say help couples stay together.Expressing gratitude is one of those things...”可知，表达感谢是心理学家认为能够保持亲密关系的小事之一。故选D。
6．What is typical among family members according to the study
A．They say thanks at any time.
B．They seldom express thanks.
C．They often show thanks using gestures.
D．They often use indirect translation of thanks.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But according to a recent study...one out of 20 times were expressions of thanks observed.”可知，研究显示，家庭成员之间很少表达感谢。故选B。
7．Who never say “thank you”？
A．The Cha’palaa speakers.
B．The Polish.
C．The Italians.
D．The Russians.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The lowest Well，the Cha’palaa speakers of Ecuador don’t have a word for ‘thank you’ at all.”可知，厄瓜多尔的查帕拉语根本就没有“谢谢”这个词。由此可知，他们从来都不说“谢谢”。故选A。
8．What is mainly talked about in the text
A．People thank close friends and family less.
B．Family members don’t need to thank each other.
C．Close friends have different ways to express thanks.
D．Different cultures have different ways to express thanks.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现人们很少对家人和亲密的朋友表达感谢。故选A。
C
What if our city streets could act like forests and reduce pollution Thanks to scientific innovation，roads treated with a new pavement technology can now eat smog and help keep cities cool.Since there is little room for forests in urban areas，where air pollution actually occurs，Pavement Technology Inc.(PTI)，together with researchers from Louisiana State University，came up with an asphalt spray(沥青喷雾) called A．R.A.-1 Ti.
The spray’s exact composition hasn’t been revealed，but it is known to be based on titanium oxide(二氧化钛)，a component contained in many sunscreens on the market.When ultraviolet rays(紫外线) from the sun activate this chemical substance，light and heat are absorbed and moved apart.Through a chemical process，titanium oxide also breaks down poisonous substances in the air.“In good conditions，we can achieve a 60% reduction，” said Michael Durante，PTI’s vice president of finance and strategic planning.But the spray is not only meant to address overheating and to remove harmful gases produced by cars.It can also make aging asphalt stronger，preventing breaks generated by severe heat.
These impressive characteristics have encouraged several cities in the US to try out the product.The success stories keep adding up.At Orlando International Airport，taxiway pavements that had been sprayed with the titanium dioxide-based composition have already managed to reduce nitrogen oxide(一氧化氮) rates by half.And in Charleston，the pavement treatment is being used in low-income neighborhoods that have many asphalt-coated roads.
The company suggests that while heat shortens pavement life，their product’s components can extend it from five to ten years，which translates the pavements into sustainable roads.And although green spaces are still necessary and cannot be fully replaced due to their multiple environmental and health benefits，innovations like A．R.A.-1 Ti are extremely promising.We may expect to see the major benefits it can bring to public health，positively affecting the lives of billions living in urban areas worldwide.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。PTI公司与路易斯安那州立大学联合发明了一种名为A.R.A. 1 Ti 的沥青喷雾，这种新型路面喷雾可以帮助吸收、分散光和热，分解空气中的有害物质，像森林一样为城市降温、减少污染。
9．What is the function of the asphalt spray according to paragraph 1
A．To effectively protect forests.
B．To relieve traffic jams in city streets.
C．To reduce urban heat and air pollution.
D．To detect the weather and road conditions.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thanks to scientific innovation，roads treated with a new pavement technology can now eat smog and help keep cities cool.”可知，新型路面喷雾有助于城市降温和改善空气污染。故选C。
10．What are examples in paragraph 3 mentioned for
A．To impress the importance of the invention.
B．To prove the successful application of the spray.
C．To emphasize the necessity of the road treatment.
D．To show the increasing popularity of the product.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“These impressive characteristics have encouraged several cities in the US to try out the product.The success stories keep adding up.”以及下文的例子可知，第三段列举例子是为了证明喷雾的成功应用。故选B。
11．What is the author’s attitude towards the prospect of asphalt spray
A．Positive. B．Ambiguous.
C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“We may expect to see the major benefits it can bring to public health，positively affecting the lives of billions living in urban areas worldwide.”可知，作者对沥青喷雾的发展前景持积极的(positive)态度。故选A。
12．Which could be the best title for the text
A．A Major Reform in Urban Construction
B．Green Spaces：The Access to Public Health
C．The Bright Prospect of the Pavement Technology
D．A New Asphalt Spray：The Welfare to Urban Areas
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一种新型沥青喷雾，包括其优势、工作原理、应用现状及其给城市带来的益处。D项可作文章最佳标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
More mainstream sources of news such as newspapers，radio and TV aren’t gone yet，but the Internet is growing and entrenching itself as the preferred source.Here are some of the reasons why the Internet is now the best source of news people have.
Online news is faster and more convenient while on the go.Soon after a major story occurs，it takes a few hours for news channels to report it live on cable. 1
Social media makes news more relevant.Social media platforms are not just limited to sharing pictures and posting updates about our daily routines. 2 For example，when there is breaking news on the Internet，people can make comments and post their thoughts regarding the event.As a result，they get into a dialogue where different opinions are presented and debated. 3 On the other hand，if you get news from cable TV，you have very limited options to discuss.
You can get news directly from its source.Many newsmakers are already active on the Internet.Since all these newsmakers have an online presence，people can get news directly from the concerned source，public figures，and newsmakers. 4 Their social media presence is verified(证实的) and it is easier to trust information coming from them.
5 For generation，cable TV is limited to sports and movie channels.They don’t sit in front of the TV to watch a news bulletin.There primary source of information is the Internet.This is how they have grown up.It’s unlikely they’ll move away from digital any time soon.And since this younger generation is the future，digital or Internet news is too.
A．The future is digital.
B．Traditional journalism still holds great value.
C．That is，news doesn’t have to be reported to you.
D．This makes everyday news quite relevant for a while.
E．The Internet is quick to judge and demand an apology.
F．However，people can get news faster through social media.
G．More importantly，it is a great way to understand the public’s perspective on certain issues.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了相比传统的媒体，因特网更受人们喜爱的原因。
1．答案 F
解析 上文说明了新闻频道在电视上报道需要花费较长时间，F项承接上文，转折语义，说明人们通过社交媒体获取新闻需要的时间更短，且符合本段主旨“faster and more convenient”。
2．答案 G
解析 下文举例说明人们可以在互联网上对新闻事件发表评论和看法，G项概括说明在互联网上可以了解公众对某些问题的看法。G项中“perspective”和下文中“comments”以及“thoughts”语义相关，上下文通顺合理。
3．答案 D
解析 本段首句提出本段主题：社交媒体使新闻更具相关性。D项呼应主题，说明上述情况使得新闻在一段时间内非常具有相关性。D项中“makes everyday news quite relevant”和上文中“makes news more relevant”语义一致。
4．答案 C
解析 上文说明在互联网上人们可以直接从源头获得新闻，C项是对上文的解释，和上文存在因果关系，因为可直接获取，所以不需要报道。上下文通顺合理。
5．答案 A
解析 本段尾句总结了本段大意：年轻人是未来，数字化或网络新闻也是未来。A项位于段首，和下文相呼应，概括本段主题。选项中“digital”和下文中“digital”词汇复现，语义一致。选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Sharing
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Alex Elman runs a big business—something hard to imagine after she lost her sight in her twenties.But Elman says that losing her sight helped her focus on finding success.
Elman’s father planted a hillside vineyard in Western Massachusetts in 1981.It’s where Elman fled during the darkest period of her life.When she was 27 years old，she went blind due to complications from juvenile diabetes(青少年糖尿病) 17 years ago.She recalled，“I hid in my home.I hid in the place，to me，that was the safest place in the world.”
Elman is now the founder of Alex Elman Wines，a growing collection of organic wines from all around the world：Chianti from Italy，Torrontes from Argentina.Elman doesn’t work alone.Her assistant，a guide dog named Hanley，is something of a wine taster，and quite a beggar.Hanley travels to all of the wineries that Elman does，from South America to Europe.
At first，Elman resisted the idea of a seeing-eye dog.Now it’s hard to imagine her life，or her business，without him.She said，“When someone tells me something is organic and I don’t really believe it because I taste something funny on it，I’ll put it in front of his face and if he likes the wine，he’ll actually go in and sniff it.If it’s not right，he’ll turn his head away...He gets in the dirt with me.He scratches around.He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies.That’s how we know that the soil is actually organic and there are no chemicals.”
Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift.She said，“It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people that the broken hang nail is not a big deal，you know what I mean Don’t sweat the small stuff.Don’t sweat the big stuff either.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了亚历克斯·埃尔曼虽然失明，但仍然凭借自己的努力获得成功的故事。
1．What can we know about Elman from paragraph 2
A．She suffered from juvenile diabetes from 27 years old.
B．She liked playing hide-and-seek during her childhood.
C．She lost her sight while helping with farm work in 1981.
D．She got through her hard days in the vineyard.
2．What would Elman do when she couldn’t judge the wine exactly
A．She would make Hanley go in and sniff it.
B．She would order Hanley to drink it.
C．She would turn to Hanley for advice.
D．She would have another taste herself.
3．What do the underlined words “the broken hang nail” in the last paragraph refer to
A．A nail which is of no use.
B．A task that it’s hard to accomplish.
C．A disadvantage you have in your life.
D．A person who is hard to deal with.
4．According to the passage，which of the following will Elman most probably agree with
A．When life gives you lemons，make lemonade.
B．The eye is blind if the mind is absent.
C．A single tree does not make a forest.
D．There is no royal road to success.
B
(2023·河南南阳阶段考试二)
I go out of my way to say “thank you” to my partner frequently，and he’s the same way.We were both raised by parents who valued politeness，and more than that，I want to do all those little things that psychologists say help couples stay together.Expressing gratitude is one of those things，so a quick “thanks” seems like an easy one.
But according to a recent study，we’re not at all typical.The study looked at over 1,000 recordings of casual conversations among families and close friends.In only about one out of 20 times were expressions of thanks observed.Phrases that meant “thanks” but weren’t a direct translation of the word were counted，including physical gestures of thanks.
The researchers looked at a wide variety of people from different places，representing eight languages: Polish，Russian，Italy，English，Murrinh-patha (an Aboriginal language)，Cha’palaa，Lao and Siwu.
The Brits thanked people close to them the most，about 14.5 percent of the time，and close behind them were the Italians at 13.5 percent.The Murrinh-patha came next at 4.5 percent and following them were the Russians，the Polish，the Laotians and the Siwu speakers.The lowest Well，the Cha’palaa speakers of Ecuador don’t have a word for “thank you” at all.
As the linguists explained，“Expressing thanks，in some cultures，is more of a linguistic tradition than a true expression of feelings.In cultures where thanks are less often said，it’s because social cooperation is taken for granted，and ‘thank you’ isn’t really needed or necessary.”
The idea that you don’t need to thank others because it’s assumed that you’re appreciative is beautiful.But it is a bit hard for me to accept.So I’ll keep saying “thanks” as frequently as I do.But as a frequent traveler，I’ll keep in mind to watch the local custom and follow suit.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究发现人们很少对家人和亲密的朋友表达感谢，而作者认为人们应该经常表达谢意。
5．What might be psychologists’ opinion about expressing thanks
A．It can show a person’s values.
B．It is passed down from parents.
C．It is a little and unnecessary thing.
D．It can contribute to close relationship.
6．What is typical among family members according to the study
A．They say thanks at any time.
B．They seldom express thanks.
C．They often show thanks using gestures.
D．They often use indirect translation of thanks.
7．Who never say “thank you”？
A．The Cha’palaa speakers.
B．The Polish.
C．The Italians.
D．The Russians.
8．What is mainly talked about in the text
A．People thank close friends and family less.
B．Family members don’t need to thank each other.
C．Close friends have different ways to express thanks.
D．Different cultures have different ways to express thanks.
C
What if our city streets could act like forests and reduce pollution Thanks to scientific innovation，roads treated with a new pavement technology can now eat smog and help keep cities cool.Since there is little room for forests in urban areas，where air pollution actually occurs，Pavement Technology Inc.(PTI)，together with researchers from Louisiana State University，came up with an asphalt spray(沥青喷雾) called A．R.A.-1 Ti.
The spray’s exact composition hasn’t been revealed，but it is known to be based on titanium oxide(二氧化钛)，a component contained in many sunscreens on the market.When ultraviolet rays(紫外线) from the sun activate this chemical substance，light and heat are absorbed and moved apart.Through a chemical process，titanium oxide also breaks down poisonous substances in the air.“In good conditions，we can achieve a 60% reduction，” said Michael Durante，PTI’s vice president of finance and strategic planning.But the spray is not only meant to address overheating and to remove harmful gases produced by cars.It can also make aging asphalt stronger，preventing breaks generated by severe heat.
These impressive characteristics have encouraged several cities in the US to try out the product.The success stories keep adding up.At Orlando International Airport，taxiway pavements that had been sprayed with the titanium dioxide-based composition have already managed to reduce nitrogen oxide(一氧化氮) rates by half.And in Charleston，the pavement treatment is being used in low-income neighborhoods that have many asphalt-coated roads.
The company suggests that while heat shortens pavement life，their product’s components can extend it from five to ten years，which translates the pavements into sustainable roads.And although green spaces are still necessary and cannot be fully replaced due to their multiple environmental and health benefits，innovations like A．R.A.-1 Ti are extremely promising.We may expect to see the major benefits it can bring to public health，positively affecting the lives of billions living in urban areas worldwide.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。PTI公司与路易斯安那州立大学联合发明了一种名为A.R.A. 1 Ti 的沥青喷雾，这种新型路面喷雾可以帮助吸收、分散光和热，分解空气中的有害物质，像森林一样为城市降温、减少污染。
9．What is the function of the asphalt spray according to paragraph 1
A．To effectively protect forests.
B．To relieve traffic jams in city streets.
C．To reduce urban heat and air pollution.
D．To detect the weather and road conditions.
10．What are examples in paragraph 3 mentioned for
A．To impress the importance of the invention.
B．To prove the successful application of the spray.
C．To emphasize the necessity of the road treatment.
D．To show the increasing popularity of the product.
11．What is the author’s attitude towards the prospect of asphalt spray
A．Positive. B．Ambiguous.
C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
12．Which could be the best title for the text
A．A Major Reform in Urban Construction
B．Green Spaces：The Access to Public Health
C．The Bright Prospect of the Pavement Technology
D．A New Asphalt Spray：The Welfare to Urban Areas
Ⅱ.七选五
More mainstream sources of news such as newspapers，radio and TV aren’t gone yet，but the Internet is growing and entrenching itself as the preferred source.Here are some of the reasons why the Internet is now the best source of news people have.
Online news is faster and more convenient while on the go.Soon after a major story occurs，it takes a few hours for news channels to report it live on cable. 1
Social media makes news more relevant.Social media platforms are not just limited to sharing pictures and posting updates about our daily routines. 2 For example，when there is breaking news on the Internet，people can make comments and post their thoughts regarding the event.As a result，they get into a dialogue where different opinions are presented and debated. 3 On the other hand，if you get news from cable TV，you have very limited options to discuss.
You can get news directly from its source.Many newsmakers are already active on the Internet.Since all these newsmakers have an online presence，people can get news directly from the concerned source，public figures，and newsmakers. 4 Their social media presence is verified(证实的) and it is easier to trust information coming from them.
5 For generation，cable TV is limited to sports and movie channels.They don’t sit in front of the TV to watch a news bulletin.There primary source of information is the Internet.This is how they have grown up.It’s unlikely they’ll move away from digital any time soon.And since this younger generation is the future，digital or Internet news is too.
A．The future is digital.
B．Traditional journalism still holds great value.
C．That is，news doesn’t have to be reported to you.
D．This makes everyday news quite relevant for a while.
E．The Internet is quick to judge and demand an apology.
F．However，people can get news faster through social media.
G．More importantly，it is a great way to understand the public’s perspective on certain issues.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了相比传统的媒体，因特网更受人们喜爱的原因。
