选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Launching Your Career
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums.Over the years，the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide.On February 1,2021，Taylor launched his latest work—The Underwater Museum of Cannes.
“The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help，” Taylor told Dezeen.“Ocean ecology has been destroyed by human activity in the Mediterranean over the past few decades，and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar.”
The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages.They range from Maurice，an 80-year-old fisherman，to Anouk，a 9-year-old student.Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons，the faces are sectioned into two parts，with the outer part like a mask.The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.
Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue，the seabed was filled with old boat engines，pipes，and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago.Besides removing the trash，Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass.Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily.The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.
“The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection，” Taylor told Dezeen.“If we threw unwanted waste near a forest，there would be a public outcry.But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Taylor创建水下博物馆的初衷以及该项目所产生的积极影响。
1．Why does Jason Taylor create underwater museums
A．To protect the artworks underwater.
B．To draw attention to endangered sea animals.
C．To show his sculpture talent.
D．To raise awareness of protecting the ocean.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help，’ Taylor told Dezeen.”可知，Jason Taylor 建立水下博物馆旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选D。
2．Why does the outer part of the sculptures look like a mask
A．To popularize the features of the locals.
B．To remind people to protect themselves.
C．To reflect people’s protection of the ocean.
D．To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.”可知，雕塑的外部看起来像一个面具是为了强调生态系统的敏感性。故选D。
3．What’s paragraph 4 mainly about
A．How the project was started.
B．How the seagrass was restored.
C．What recovery effort the project made.
D．Why the surroundings were improved.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第四段中“the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue...when the project began about four years ago”和“Besides removing the trash，Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass.”可知，该段主要讲了该项目对海洋环境的恢复做出了很大的努力。故选C。
4．What can we infer from what Jason Taylor said in the last paragraph
A．The situation of the ocean is easily ignored.
B．The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable.
C．Forests play a more important role in ecosystems.
D．People have zero tolerance to damage done to nature.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。最后一段中Taylor讲道：如果我们在森林附近扔垃圾，会引起公众的强烈抗议。但这种情况每天都在我们周围的水域发生，而且很大程度上被忽视了。由此可推断出，Taylor想表达的观点是：海洋的处境很容易被忽视。故选A。
B
There are some 7,000 languages spoken worldwide，each unique，using different sounds，vocabularies and structures.Charles the Great said，“To have a second language is to have a second soul.” This begs the question：Does the language we speak shape who we are As it turns out，yes.
In societies such as the United States or Western Europe，self-expression and language precision are valued.Asian cultures，on the other hand，prefer an indirect form of communication.Words like “perhaps” and “maybe” are used more than “yes” or “no”．Americanism takes an informal approach to communication.Therefore it’s OK to refer to a stranger or the boss as “you”．However，the Thai language has 12 forms of the same pronoun，choosing one depends on status.In this way，languages are essential in navigating(导航) any culture，be that our own or otherwise.
People who speak different languages notice different things，depending on the constructs of their mother tongue.Take an accident.In English，it’s OK to say：“She broke the glass.” But in a language like Spanish，you’d probably go with：“The glass broke.” The same incident produces two different responses.English speakers will remember who’s at fault，because their language asks them to，while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident.This has real consequences，especially when it comes to crime and punishment.
Professor Jim Cummins has written extensively on mother tongues.For Cummins，the stronger our home language，the easier it is for us to learn others.Of course，research also shows that being bilingual(会说两种语言的) gives people many advantages in life.Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person，based on the language they use，and how that world is different from our own.”
Our mother tongue is central to how we think，what we know and who we are.Like us，languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive.By doing so，we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use，but the culture，knowledge and power behind them.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引出“Does the language we speak shape who we are？”这个问题，然后分析原因，最后得出结论：我们的母语对我们至关重要。
5．Why does the author mention “Americanism” and “the Thai language” in paragraph 2
A．To tell the cultural differences between them.
B．To indicate a language is a guide to a culture.
C．To stress American expressions are informal.
D．To reveal a language is associated with status.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“In this way，languages are essential in navigating(导航) any culture，be that our own or otherwise.”可知，语言在引导任何文化中都至关重要，由此可推断出，作者提到“美国腔”和“泰语”是用来说明语言是文化的指南。故选B。
6．What is English speakers’ response to an accident
A．They will seek blame.
B．They will punish others.
C．They will avoid responsibility.
D．They will draw a lesson from it.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“English speakers will remember who’s at fault，because their language asks them to”可知，当意外发生之后，说英语的人通常会选择追究责任。故选A。
7．What does Julien Leyre think about bilinguals
A．They enjoy a more colorful life.
B．They can remain mentally healthy.
C．They find it easier to learn a language.
D．They can gain insight into others’ minds.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to ‘understand the mental world of another person，based on the language they use，and how that world is different from our own.’”可知，语言学家Julien Leyre认为会说两种语言的人能够理解别人的精神世界。故选D。
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．How Do Languages Differ
B．Will Your Language Be Extinct
C．Why Does Our Mother Tongue Matter
D．Should We Speak a Second Language
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文围绕“Does the language we speak shape who we are？”这个问题展开，最后一段点明主题，阐述了母语对我们来说至关重要，由此可知选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Literature was something I was interested in.At school I was that kid who stuck his hand up to 1 aloud from the Shakespeare play.Over the holidays I would visit the 2 and read literatures.While my generation was playing after school，I was in a ghetto(贫民区) learning to 3 .
I lived then in Lagos.The ghetto landlords had unlimited 4 .They could throw families with all their possessions out into the street.Annoyed，I wrote about 5 .Those pieces were not published.Then it occurred to me to write a story about them.This began my long 6 in the rigorous craft(严谨构思) of the short story.
However，after finishing my A-levels，I had a job working for a paint company. 7 in Lagos was so terrible that it took three hours to get to work.I would wake up at 4 a．m.and write for an hour before 8 work.When I 9 I would sleep and then write till one o’clock.
The first 10 took a year.I got myself 11 from work and bought a typewriter with the severance pay(解雇金)．I then worked as a reporter for a news magazine.In the autumn of 1978 I came to London to study.I came really to write.I began 12 and sent the manuscript to many 13 ，who all turned it down.
Then，one morning，a letter came from Longmans’ African Writers’ Series.I remember giving a cry of 14 .That moment changed everything.I was 19.With the publication of Flowers and Shadows，the life I was meant to live 15 .
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者喜欢文学，一直努力创作，直到自己的作品出版，终于开始了想要的生活。
1．A.think B．read
C．cry D．speak
答案 B
解析 think思考；read阅读；cry哭泣；speak说。根据后文“aloud from the Shakespeare play”和“read literatures”可知，此处指大声阅读莎士比亚戏剧。故选B。
2．A.libraries B．charities
C．exhibitions D．attractions
答案 A
解析 library图书馆；charity慈善机构；exhibition展览；attraction旅游胜地。根据后文“and read literatures”并结合是在假期，可知此处是指去图书馆阅读。故选A。
3．A.act B．write
C．cook D．paint
答案 B
解析 act行动；write写；cook烹饪；paint绘画。根据后文“I wrote about ”可知，这里指作者学习写作。故选B。
4．A.talents B．wealth
C．powers D．freedom
答案 C
解析 talent才能；wealth财富；power力量，权力；freedom自由。根据后文“They could throw families with all their possessions out into the street.”可知，贫民区房东的权力很大，可以把很多家庭和他们所有的财产扔到街上。故选C。
5．A.friendship B．possibilities
C．injustices D．welfare
答案 C
解析 friendship友谊；possibility可能性；injustice不公平；welfare福利。根据上文“Annoyed，I wrote about”以及房东把别人的财产扔到街上可知，作者写了一些不公正的事情。故选C。
6．A.memory B．suffering
C．service D．adventure
答案 D
解析 memory记忆；suffering苦难；service服务；adventure冒险(旅行)。根据后文“in the rigorous craft(严谨构思) of the short story”可知，想要写故事的动机让作者开始了短篇小说创作的冒险之旅。故选D。
7．A.Traffic B．Climate
C．Accommodation D．Security
答案 A
解析 traffic交通；climate气候；accommodation住宿；security安全。根据后文“it took three hours to get to work”可知，拉各斯的交通非常糟糕，上班要花三个小时。故选A。
8．A.making up for B．getting down to
C．looking forward to D．setting out for
答案 D
解析 make up for补偿；get down to着手处理；look forward to期待；set out for出发前往。根据上文“I would wake up at 4 a．m.and write for an hour before”可知，出发去工作之前，作者要写作一个小时。故选D。
9．A.resigned B．retired
C．returned D．resolved
答案 C
解析 resign辞职；retire退休；return返回；resolve解决。根据“I would sleep and then write till one o’clock”可知，此处指作者下班回到家中，故选C。
10．A.option B．draft
C．visit D．picture
答案 B
解析 option选择；draft手稿；visit访问；picture图片。上文提到作者要写书，所以这里指写作的初稿，故选B。
11．A.promoted B．inspired
C．fired D．prevented
答案 C
解析 promote提升；inspire鼓舞；fire解雇；prevent阻止。根据后文“with the severance pay(解雇金)”可知作者被解雇了。故选C。
12．A.re-writing B．withdrawing
C．job-hunting D．exploring
答案 A
解析 re-write重写；withdraw取出；job-hunt找工作；explore探索。结合后文可知作者开始重新写作并将手稿寄给许多出版商。故选A。
13．A.friends B．teachers
C．writers D．publishers
答案 D
解析 friend朋友；teacher老师；writer作者；publisher出版商。根据后文“Then，one morning，a letter came from Longmans’ African Writers’ Series.”提到了一家出版商给作者来信，可知作者是寄给出版商的。故选D。
14．A.fear B．joy
C．pain D．sorrow
答案 B
解析 fear恐惧；joy快乐；pain痛苦；sorrow悲伤。根据后文“That moment changed everything.”和语境可知，作者因为高兴而大叫。故选B。
15．A.ended B．changed
C．began D．improved
答案 C
解析 end结束；change改变；begin开始；improve改善。根据上文“With the publication of Flowers and Shadows，the life I was meant to live”可知，作者的作品出版，开始了自己想要的生活。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
First Chinese lanterns were invented in the Eastern Han Dynasty and used as lamps and for the worship of the Buddha.With 1. (them) rich colors and nice shapes，lanterns add to the atmosphere of festivals.In the Tang Dynasty，lanterns were made 2. (show)people’s peaceful life and present China as a powerful country.The materials 3. are used for making a lantern are very simple.Historically，bamboo，wood or wire was used for the frame.The shade was crafted from delicate paper or silk.Chinese calligraphy，painting and paper cutting were often used for 4. (decorate) the lanterns.
While first 5. (create) for practical use in the house，the Chinese lanterns eventually became 6. (high) decorative，and a status symbol.Although there is no longer a practical need for Chinese lanterns，they are still made，used，and enjoyed by the Chinese people during festivals.The streets both in big cities 7. small towns are decorated with red lanterns during festivals.
The Lantern Festival is one of the best 8. (day) to view Chinese lanterns in action.It is always held on the 15th day of the first Chinese lunar month.The festival is viewed 9. the end to the Chinese New Year celebrations and it 10. (celebrate) with the release of floating and flying lanterns.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国传统灯笼的历史、制作材料、发展及代表意义。
1．答案 their
解析 考查代词。根据空格后rich colors and nice shapes可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填their。
2．答案 to show
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处表示制作灯笼的目的，所以用不定式。故填to show。
3．答案 which/that
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，The materials为先行词，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词来引导，先行词指物，所以用which/that。
4．答案 decorating
解析 考查非谓语动词。根据空格前介词for可知，空格后应用动名词作宾语。故填decorating。
5．答案 created
解析 考查状语从句中的省略。分析句子可知，主语the Chinese lanterns与create之间是被动关系，且while引导的状语从句中省略了主语和be动词。故填created。
6．答案 highly
解析 考查副词。分析句子成分可知，空格处用来修饰形容词decorative，所以应用副词highly，表示“很，非常”。故填highly。
7．答案 and
解析 考查固定搭配。both...and...意为“两者都”。故填and。
8．答案 days
解析 考查名词复数。根据空格前one of the best可知，此处应填名词复数。故填days。
9．答案 as
解析 考查介词。view...as...意为“把……看作是……”。故填as。
10．答案 is celebrated
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，此处应填谓语动词，主语为it，第三人称单数，与celebrate之间为被动关系，再结合句意以及前半句时态可知，应用一般现在时。故填is celebrated。选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Launching Your Career
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums.Over the years，the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide.On February 1,2021，Taylor launched his latest work—The Underwater Museum of Cannes.
“The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help，” Taylor told Dezeen.“Ocean ecology has been destroyed by human activity in the Mediterranean over the past few decades，and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar.”
The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages.They range from Maurice，an 80-year-old fisherman，to Anouk，a 9-year-old student.Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons，the faces are sectioned into two parts，with the outer part like a mask.The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.
Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue，the seabed was filled with old boat engines，pipes，and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago.Besides removing the trash，Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass.Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily.The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.
“The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection，” Taylor told Dezeen.“If we threw unwanted waste near a forest，there would be a public outcry.But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Taylor创建水下博物馆的初衷以及该项目所产生的积极影响。
1．Why does Jason Taylor create underwater museums
A．To protect the artworks underwater.
B．To draw attention to endangered sea animals.
C．To show his sculpture talent.
D．To raise awareness of protecting the ocean.
2．Why does the outer part of the sculptures look like a mask
A．To popularize the features of the locals.
B．To remind people to protect themselves.
C．To reflect people’s protection of the ocean.
D．To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem.
3．What’s paragraph 4 mainly about
A．How the project was started.
B．How the seagrass was restored.
C．What recovery effort the project made.
D．Why the surroundings were improved.
4．What can we infer from what Jason Taylor said in the last paragraph
A．The situation of the ocean is easily ignored.
B．The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable.
C．Forests play a more important role in ecosystems.
D．People have zero tolerance to damage done to nature.
B
There are some 7,000 languages spoken worldwide，each unique，using different sounds，vocabularies and structures.Charles the Great said，“To have a second language is to have a second soul.” This begs the question：Does the language we speak shape who we are As it turns out，yes.
In societies such as the United States or Western Europe，self-expression and language precision are valued.Asian cultures，on the other hand，prefer an indirect form of communication.Words like “perhaps” and “maybe” are used more than “yes” or “no”．Americanism takes an informal approach to communication.Therefore it’s OK to refer to a stranger or the boss as “you”．However，the Thai language has 12 forms of the same pronoun，choosing one depends on status.In this way，languages are essential in navigating(导航) any culture，be that our own or otherwise.
People who speak different languages notice different things，depending on the constructs of their mother tongue.Take an accident.In English，it’s OK to say：“She broke the glass.” But in a language like Spanish，you’d probably go with：“The glass broke.” The same incident produces two different responses.English speakers will remember who’s at fault，because their language asks them to，while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident.This has real consequences，especially when it comes to crime and punishment.
Professor Jim Cummins has written extensively on mother tongues.For Cummins，the stronger our home language，the easier it is for us to learn others.Of course，research also shows that being bilingual(会说两种语言的) gives people many advantages in life.Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person，based on the language they use，and how that world is different from our own.”
Our mother tongue is central to how we think，what we know and who we are.Like us，languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive.By doing so，we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use，but the culture，knowledge and power behind them.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引出“Does the language we speak shape who we are？”这个问题，然后分析原因，最后得出结论：我们的母语对我们至关重要。
5．Why does the author mention “Americanism” and “the Thai language” in paragraph 2
A．To tell the cultural differences between them.
B．To indicate a language is a guide to a culture.
C．To stress American expressions are informal.
D．To reveal a language is associated with status.
6．What is English speakers’ response to an accident
A．They will seek blame.
B．They will punish others.
C．They will avoid responsibility.
D．They will draw a lesson from it.
7．What does Julien Leyre think about bilinguals
A．They enjoy a more colorful life.
B．They can remain mentally healthy.
C．They find it easier to learn a language.
D．They can gain insight into others’ minds.
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．How Do Languages Differ
B．Will Your Language Be Extinct
C．Why Does Our Mother Tongue Matter
D．Should We Speak a Second Language
Ⅱ.完形填空
Literature was something I was interested in.At school I was that kid who stuck his hand up to 1 aloud from the Shakespeare play.Over the holidays I would visit the 2 and read literatures.While my generation was playing after school，I was in a ghetto(贫民区) learning to 3 .
I lived then in Lagos.The ghetto landlords had unlimited 4 .They could throw families with all their possessions out into the street.Annoyed，I wrote about 5 .Those pieces were not published.Then it occurred to me to write a story about them.This began my long 6 in the rigorous craft(严谨构思) of the short story.
However，after finishing my A-levels，I had a job working for a paint company. 7 in Lagos was so terrible that it took three hours to get to work.I would wake up at 4 a．m.and write for an hour before 8 work.When I 9 I would sleep and then write till one o’clock.
The first 10 took a year.I got myself 11 from work and bought a typewriter with the severance pay(解雇金)．I then worked as a reporter for a news magazine.In the autumn of 1978 I came to London to study.I came really to write.I began 12 and sent the manuscript to many 13 ，who all turned it down.
Then，one morning，a letter came from Longmans’ African Writers’ Series.I remember giving a cry of 14 .That moment changed everything.I was 19.With the publication of Flowers and Shadows，the life I was meant to live 15 .
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者喜欢文学，一直努力创作，直到自己的作品出版，终于开始了想要的生活。
1．A.think B．read
C．cry D．speak
2．A.libraries B．charities
C．exhibitions D．attractions
3．A.act B．write
C．cook D．paint
4．A.talents B．wealth
C．powers D．freedom
5．A.friendship B．possibilities
C．injustices D．welfare
6．A.memory B．suffering
C．service D．adventure
7．A.Traffic B．Climate
C．Accommodation D．Security
8．A.making up for B．getting down to
C．looking forward to D．setting out for
9．A.resigned B．retired
C．returned D．resolved
10．A.option B．draft
C．visit D．picture
11．A.promoted B．inspired
C．fired D．prevented
12．A.re-writing B．withdrawing
C．job-hunting D．exploring
13．A.friends B．teachers
C．writers D．publishers
14．A.fear B．joy
C．pain D．sorrow
15．A.ended B．changed
C．began D．improved
Ⅲ.语法填空
First Chinese lanterns were invented in the Eastern Han Dynasty and used as lamps and for the worship of the Buddha.With 1. (them) rich colors and nice shapes，lanterns add to the atmosphere of festivals.In the Tang Dynasty，lanterns were made 2. (show)people’s peaceful life and present China as a powerful country.The materials 3. are used for making a lantern are very simple.Historically，bamboo，wood or wire was used for the frame.The shade was crafted from delicate paper or silk.Chinese calligraphy，painting and paper cutting were often used for 4. (decorate) the lanterns.
While first 5. (create) for practical use in the house，the Chinese lanterns eventually became 6. (high) decorative，and a status symbol.Although there is no longer a practical need for Chinese lanterns，they are still made，used，and enjoyed by the Chinese people during festivals.The streets both in big cities 7. small towns are decorated with red lanterns during festivals.
The Lantern Festival is one of the best 8. (day) to view Chinese lanterns in action.It is always held on the 15th day of the first Chinese lunar month.The festival is viewed 9. the end to the Chinese New Year celebrations and it 10. (celebrate) with the release of floating and flying lanterns.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国传统灯笼的历史、制作材料、发展及代表意义。
