语法专题五、名词(必考)
名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词表示人、地方、事物、组织等名称的词,如:Lucy, China, the Great Wall.
考点1 可数名词的复数形式
名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)与不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns),可数名词有单数与复数两种形式,
名词复数构成形式部分规则如下:
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 加-s 在清辅音后读/s/ 在浊辅音和元音后读/z/ 在t后读/ts/ 在d后读/dz/ cake-cakes day-days student-students bed-beds
以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等结尾的词 加-es 读/IZ/ bus-buses, box-boxes watch-watches
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i,再加-es 读/z/ baby-babies, city-cities country-countries
以元音字母加y结尾的词 加-s 读/z/ toy-toys monkey-monkeys
以f(fe)结尾的词 变f(fe)为ves 读/vz/ leaf-leaves, life-lives wolf-wolves
不规则变化 改变单数名词中的元音字母; 单复数形式相同; 其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, sheep-sheep mouse-mice
2.某国人变复数
(1)中国人 a Chinese-Chinese; (2)日本人 a Japanese- Japanese
(2)英国人 an Englishman-Englishmen;(3)法国人 a Frenchman-Frenchmen
(4)美国人 American- Americans (5)德国人 German-Germans
可用口诀记忆这一点,即:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。
3.以-o结尾的名词,有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆”。如:
Negro-Negroes hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes
而一般在词尾后加-s。如:zoo-zoos radio-radios
4.复合名词前面的名词是man, woman变复数时,构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式;如果是其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。
如:man teacher-men teachers 男老师 boy student-boy students 男生
5.字母、数字、引语或缩略语的复数形式是在其后面加’s或-s.如:
There are two f’s in the word “office”. Many VIPs are coming to our city.
6.有些以-f或-ef结尾的词直接加-s变复数。如:
roof-roofs belief-beliefs proof-proofs chief-chiefs
7.一些名词加-s后,读音会发生变化。如:bath [bɑ:θ]-baths [bɑ: z]
题组训练---可数名词变复数
1. Japanese ___________ 2. Frenchman ___________ 3. American ____________
4. Egyptian ___________ 5. German _____________ 6. Australian ____________
7. photo ______________ 8. tomato ______________ 9. potato _______________
10. piano _____________ 11. kangaroo ____________ 12. knife ____________
13. woman driver ________________ 14. apple tree _______________
考点2 不可数名词的数
表示方法:不可数名词需要计量时,用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后的名词只能用原形。如:a piece of paper一张纸 two pieces of paper 两张纸;a piece of bread一片面包;a glass of milk一杯牛奶,等等。
(2015·西藏自治区·历年真题)Mr.Black gave us_________ on how to keep healthy.
A. some piece of advice B. some pieces of advice
C. some piece of advices D. some pieces of advices
考点3 名词所有格
名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式:一种是’s所有格,另一种是of所有格。如:
Beijing is China’s capital. 北京是中国的首都。
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系,这时只在最后一个名词后加’s。如:This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.
用and连接两个并列名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品时,两个名词都在词尾加’s表示所有关系,如:These are Tom’s and Mary’s bags.
以-s结尾的名词,在s后加“’”;不以s结尾的词在词尾加’s。如:
教师节 Teachers’ Day 儿童节 Children’s Day
of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如: the door of the room.
双重所有格(当物主代词不可与a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, each, every, such, another等词一起前置修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格)有两种形式:of+名词所有格;of+名词性物主代词。如:
He is a friend of my brother’s.
Is she a daughter of yours
表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加上’s代表全称。如:at the doctor’s
由some-, any-, every-与-one/-body结合起来的复合名词,如someone, everybody等和else连用时,’s应加在else后。如:somebody else’s pencil
表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来构成所有格。如:an hour’s ride
(2022·广西壮族自治区·历年真题)The woman in a hat is_____________aunt.
A. Jack and John B. Jack’s and John
C. Jack’s and John’s D. Jack and John’s
考点4 名词的转化
某些名词后面加-y构成形容词表示“充满……的”。如:
cloud-cloudy 多云的 sun-sunny 晴天的
某些名词后面加-ful构成形容词表示“具有……性质的”。如:
use-useful 有用的 care-careful 小心的
部分表示人的名词后加-ly构成形容词,这种形容词常具有赞美的意味。如:
friend-friendly 友好的 love-lovely 可爱的
某些名词后加-less构成形容词,表示“没有……的”。如:
care-careless 粗心的 use-useless 没用的
考点5 易混淆点
有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义有所不同。如:
work(工作)-a work(著作) glass(玻璃)-a glass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸)-a paper(报纸;文件;试卷) tea(茶)-a tea(一种茶,表示种类)
wood(木头)-a wood(小树林) room(空间)-a room(房间)
有些名词虽以-s结尾,但它们不是复数。如:
physics 物理, maths 数学, politics 政治,news 新闻
三、“数词-名词单数-形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式。如:She is a five-year-old girl.
四、双重所有格与of所有格的区别。需要仔细体会语境。如:
He is a friend of your father’s. 他是你父亲的一个朋友。(你父亲的朋友不止一个)
He is a friend of your father. 他是你父亲的朋友。(强调他对你父亲的友好)
五、同义词辨析
1.family, house与home
family指“家、家庭”,可强调家庭中的全体成员,不指住房;home作“家”讲,指人们生活居住的地方,强调居住的范围和环境;house有“住宅,家”之意,强调房屋和居住点。如:
My family are very kind. He left home for Beijing. They lived in a small house.
2.job与work
job是可数名词,指一项具体的工作;work是不可数名词,指工作、劳动、努力。
3.problem与question
两个词都表示“问题”。一般老说,problem总是与“困难”相联系,它可以指社会问题、数学问题,这种“问题”是“有待解决的”,与之搭配的动词是solve;question常与“疑问、质问、询问”相关,这种“问题”是“有待回答的”,常与动词answer连用。如:He asked me some questions. There is no problem that he is honest.
4.voice, noise与sound
voice是“嗓音”;noise是“吵闹声”,指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声;sound是指人所听到的自然界的任何声音。如:
I recognize her voice at once.
Don’t make so much noise.
At the foot of the hill, you could hear nothing but the sound of the running
message, information, news
message作“音信”解,一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”,是可数名词。
information作“信息”解,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。它侧重内容,是不可数名词。
news作“新闻”解,一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息,它侧重一个“新”字,是不可数名词。
advice, suggestion
advice是不可数名词,如果表达几条建议可以借助量词piece,a piece of advice一条建议
suggestion是可数名词,可以直接加s。some suggestions 一些建议
1. (2020·全国·单元测试)The three ________ upstairs are too small to have enough ________ for a double bed.
A. room; room B. room; rooms C. rooms; room D. rooms; rooms
2. (2022·新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市·模拟题)—Thank you for the ______ you gave me.
—I'm glad they're helpful.
A. suggestions B. advice C. news D. information
考点6 词义辨析
名词还有一个重要考点就是名词的词义辨析,根据题意选择正确的名词,所以背诵单词是基础,同学们一定要坚持每天背诵单词,烂熟于心。
中考语法—名词专项练习
(共计50小题,每小题2分,总分100分。)
—What a good ______ you've given me! Thanks a lot.
—My pleasure.
A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice
How much ________ do we need to make a banana milk shake?
A. bananas B. apples C. coffee D. milk
It's sports time. Most ______ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.
A. boy B. boys C. boy's D. boys'
There are fifty _________ in our school. They are all friendly to us.
A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. woman teacher D. women teachers
It's sports time.Most ________ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.
A. boy B. boys C. boy's D. boys'
Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef,vegetables and _____.
A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice
—Could you tell me the ______ of making such tasty cakes
—Well, I just follow the instructions in the cookbook.
A. time B. method C. cost D. menu
I’d like some_____and_____.
A. banana; tomato B. bananas; tomato
C. bananas; tomatoes D. banana; tomatoes
My grandpa knows the history and medical ______ of many plants.
A. wealth B. price C. value D. cost
In a conversation between two persons, 65% of ______ is done through body language.
A. information B. pronunciation C. introduction D. communication
—Where were you born, Michael
—I was born in a small village with only three _______ people.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of
Shanghai is one of _______ in the world.
A. the biggest cities B. biggest cities
C. the biggest city D. bigger cities
The online shop sells ____________ shoes at a very good price.
A. child B. child’s C. children D. children’s
The policeman give us much ____________ on how to protect personal information.
A. tip B. reason C. advice D. suggestion
The students of Grade 7 visited Mike's farm and saw many _________ there.
A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit
—What would you like, sir
—A cup of ______, please.
A. potato B. coffee C. banana D. hamburger
Mr. Wang gave me several useful _____ on how to learn better.
A. advise B. advices C. suggest D. suggestions
______ fathers can't go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.
A. Jack and Mike's B. Jack's and Mike's
C. Jack and Mike D. Jack's and Mike
It is five years since we began to enjoy a ______ spring holiday each year.
A. ten-day B. ten day C. ten day’s D. ten-days
—Where are you going to spend your summer holiday, Jenny
—I haven't made a yet. I'm going to talk about it with my family tomorrow.
A. decision B. promise C. journey D. suggestion
—Are all the students from in your class
—No, there are only 3 in our class. The others are from other countries.
A. Germany;Germen B. Germany;Germans
C. German;Germans D. German;Germany
If you work harder, you’ll have another______ to play the violin at a concert.
A. sleep B. chance C. mistake D. problem
Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ______.
A. man teachers B. men teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher
A ______ player set a new record at the sports meeting.
A. 16-years-old B. 16 year old C. 16-year-old D. 16 years old
Mr Liu is a wise man, and he often gives us a few ______.
A. suggestions B. advice C. hobbies D. knowledge
After playing football for more than half an hour, the students took ______ rest.
A. a few minute’s B. a little minute’s
C. a few minutes D. a little minutes
With the introduction of the "double reduction" policy (双减政策),one of the_____ _____ that the students have less homework.
A. changes;is B. change;is C. changes;are
If you want to be a doctor like Zhong Nanshan, hard work is the key to ________.
A. treasure B. beauty C. success D. health
—What do you think of our hotel
—Good! I’m especially satisfied with the high ______ of your service.
A. level B. speed C. praise D. price
Nobody thought it is easy to finish so much work in ______.
A. two days' time B. two-days time C. two day's time D. two days time
—Can I help you
— Please give me ______ about the trains to Daqing.
A. a few informations B. a little informations
C. a little information D. a few information
Uncle Li has a farm, there are some ______ on the farm.
A. chicken and sheep B. chickens and sheeps
C. chickens and sheep D. chicken and sheeps
—Are you thirsty
—Yes, please give us .
A. three bottle water B. three bottle of water
C. three bottles of water D. three bottles of waters
34. A candle does not produce as light as a light bulb.
A. many B. much C. few D. little
35. The problems are difficult to solve. Please give me _______.
A. many advice B. some advice C. an advice D. some advices
36. —Can I help you, Madam
—Yes. ______, please.
A. Two pair of socks B. Two pairs of socks
C. Two pairs of sock D. Two pair of sock
37. About 200 ______ went to see the Asian Fashion Show last night.
A. German B. Australian C. Chinese D. American
38. We believe that China will become one of ______ in the world.
A. the strong countries B. the strongest country
C. the strongest countries D. the strong country
39. Chinese food is so delicious that ______ foreigners are learning to cook it.
A. many B. much C. few D. little
40. To our joy, China has made much ______ in scientific research in the past 20 years.
A. peace B. trouble C. progress D. noise
41. —How far is your home from the train station?
— It's about 20__________walk.
A. minute B. minutes C. minute's D. minutes'
42. —Would you like something to drink
—Yes, ______ please.
A. some meat B. some cakes C. some dumplings D. some coffee
43. —Peter, how far is it from your home to school
—It's only five ______ walk.
A. minute B. minutes C. minute's D. minutes'
44. These two schoolbags are ______.
A. Jack's and Paul B. Jack's and Paul's
C. Jack and Paul's D. Jack and Paul
45. Our hospital needs two ______, you can ask your daughter to have a try.
A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor
46. All received fresh flowers on Women's Day.
A. woman teacher B. woman teachers C. women teachers D. women teacher
47. —You have a nice house! Whose room is this?
— It's ___________.
A. Jack and Peter's B. Jack's and Peter's
C. Jack's and Peter D. Jack and Peter
48. There are _____ teachers in our school and ______ of them are _______ teachers.
A. three hundreds; two thirds; women
B. three hundred; two third; woman
C. three hundreds; two third; woman
D. three hundred; two thirds; women
49. In most homes, people cook meals in the ________.
A. bathroom B. garden C. bedroom D. kitchen
50. Maori people in New Zealand touch when they meet.
A. trees B. noses C. caps D. desks语法专题五、名词(必考)
名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词表示人、地方、事物、组织等名称的词,如:Lucy, China, the Great Wall.
考点1 可数名词的复数形式
名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)与不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns),可数名词有单数与复数两种形式,
名词复数构成形式部分规则如下:
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 加-s 在清辅音后读/s/ 在浊辅音和元音后读/z/ 在t后读/ts/ 在d后读/dz/ cake-cakes day-days student-students bed-beds
以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等结尾的词 加-es 读/IZ/ bus-buses, box-boxes watch-watches
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i,再加-es 读/z/ baby-babies, city-cities country-countries
以元音字母加y结尾的词 加-s 读/z/ toy-toys monkey-monkeys
以f(fe)结尾的词 变f(fe)为ves 读/vz/ leaf-leaves, life-lives wolf-wolves
不规则变化 改变单数名词中的元音字母; 单复数形式相同; 其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, sheep-sheep mouse-mice
2.某国人变复数
(1)中国人 a Chinese-Chinese; (2)日本人 a Japanese- Japanese
(2)英国人 an Englishman-Englishmen;(3)法国人 a Frenchman-Frenchmen
(4)美国人 American- Americans (5)德国人 German-Germans
可用口诀记忆这一点,即:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。
3.以-o结尾的名词,有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆”。如:
Negro-Negroes hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes
而一般在词尾后加-s。如:zoo-zoos radio-radios
4.复合名词前面的名词是man, woman变复数时,构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式;如果是其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。
如:man teacher-men teachers 男老师 boy student-boy students 男生
5.字母、数字、引语或缩略语的复数形式是在其后面加’s或-s.如:
There are two f’s in the word “office”. Many VIPs are coming to our city.
6.有些以-f或-ef结尾的词直接加-s变复数。如:
roof-roofs belief-beliefs proof-proofs chief-chiefs
7.一些名词加-s后,读音会发生变化。如:bath [bɑ:θ]-baths [bɑ: z]
题组训练---可数名词变复数
1. Japanese ___________ 2. Frenchman ___________ 3. American ____________
4. Egyptian ___________ 5. German _____________ 6. Australian ____________
7. photo ______________ 8. tomato ______________ 9. potato _______________
10. piano _____________ 11. kangaroo ____________ 12. knife ____________
13. woman driver ________________ 14. apple tree _______________
【答案】
Japanese 2. Frenchmen 3.Americans 4.Egyptians 5. Germans 6. Australians
7. photos 8. tomatoes 9.potatoes 10.pianos 11. kangaroos 12. knives
13. women drivers 14. apple trees
【解析】略
考点2 不可数名词的数
表示方法:不可数名词需要计量时,用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后的名词只能用原形。如:a piece of paper一张纸 two pieces of paper 两张纸;a piece of bread一片面包;a glass of milk一杯牛奶,等等。
(2015·西藏自治区·历年真题)Mr.Black gave us_________ on how to keep healthy.
A. some piece of advice B. some pieces of advice
C. some piece of advices D. some pieces of advices
【答案】B
【解析】答案:B 分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是布莱克先生给我们了一些怎样保持健康的建议.其中advice建议,是一个不可数名词,单复数同形,表示一些时,可以用some pieces of 修饰,故选B。
考点3 名词所有格
名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式:一种是’s所有格,另一种是of所有格。如:
Beijing is China’s capital. 北京是中国的首都。
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系,这时只在最后一个名词后加’s。如:This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.
用and连接两个并列名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品时,两个名词都在词尾加’s表示所有关系,如:These are Tom’s and Mary’s bags.
以-s结尾的名词,在s后加“’”;不以s结尾的词在词尾加’s。如:
教师节 Teachers’ Day 儿童节 Children’s Day
of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如: the door of the room.
双重所有格(当物主代词不可与a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, each, every, such, another等词一起前置修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格)有两种形式:of+名词所有格;of+名词性物主代词。如:
He is a friend of my brother’s.
Is she a daughter of yours
表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加上’s代表全称。如:at the doctor’s
由some-, any-, every-与-one/-body结合起来的复合名词,如someone, everybody等和else连用时,’s应加在else后。如:somebody else’s pencil
表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来构成所有格。如:an hour’s ride
(2022·广西壮族自治区·历年真题)The woman in a hat is_____________aunt.
A. Jack and John B. Jack’s and John
C. Jack’s and John’s D. Jack and John’s
【答案】D
【解析】点拨:句意为“这位戴帽子的女士是杰克和约翰的婶婶”。说明这位女士是他们共同的婶婶,表示共同所有直接在最后一个名词后加's,故答案选D。
考点4 名词的转化
某些名词后面加-y构成形容词表示“充满……的”。如:
cloud-cloudy 多云的 sun-sunny 晴天的
某些名词后面加-ful构成形容词表示“具有……性质的”。如:
use-useful 有用的 care-careful 小心的
部分表示人的名词后加-ly构成形容词,这种形容词常具有赞美的意味。如:
friend-friendly 友好的 love-lovely 可爱的
某些名词后加-less构成形容词,表示“没有……的”。如:
care-careless 粗心的 use-useless 没用的
考点5 易混淆点
有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义有所不同。如:
work(工作)-a work(著作) glass(玻璃)-a glass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸)-a paper(报纸;文件;试卷) tea(茶)-a tea(一种茶,表示种类)
wood(木头)-a wood(小树林) room(空间)-a room(房间)
有些名词虽以-s结尾,但它们不是复数。如:
physics 物理, maths 数学, politics 政治,news 新闻
三、“数词-名词单数-形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式。如:She is a five-year-old girl.
四、双重所有格与of所有格的区别。需要仔细体会语境。如:
He is a friend of your father’s. 他是你父亲的一个朋友。(你父亲的朋友不止一个)
He is a friend of your father. 他是你父亲的朋友。(强调他对你父亲的友好)
五、同义词辨析
1.family, house与home
family指“家、家庭”,可强调家庭中的全体成员,不指住房;home作“家”讲,指人们生活居住的地方,强调居住的范围和环境;house有“住宅,家”之意,强调房屋和居住点。如:
My family are very kind. He left home for Beijing. They lived in a small house.
2.job与work
job是可数名词,指一项具体的工作;work是不可数名词,指工作、劳动、努力。
3.problem与question
两个词都表示“问题”。一般老说,problem总是与“困难”相联系,它可以指社会问题、数学问题,这种“问题”是“有待解决的”,与之搭配的动词是solve;question常与“疑问、质问、询问”相关,这种“问题”是“有待回答的”,常与动词answer连用。如:He asked me some questions. There is no problem that he is honest.
4.voice, noise与sound
voice是“嗓音”;noise是“吵闹声”,指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声;sound是指人所听到的自然界的任何声音。如:
I recognize her voice at once.
Don’t make so much noise.
At the foot of the hill, you could hear nothing but the sound of the running
message, information, news
message作“音信”解,一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”,是可数名词。
information作“信息”解,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。它侧重内容,是不可数名词。
news作“新闻”解,一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息,它侧重一个“新”字,是不可数名词。
advice, suggestion
advice是不可数名词,如果表达几条建议可以借助量词piece,a piece of advice一条建议
suggestion是可数名词,可以直接加s。some suggestions 一些建议
(2020·全国·单元测试)The three ________ upstairs are too small to have enough ________ for a double bed.
A. room; room B. room; rooms C. rooms; room D. rooms; rooms
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词的单复数。句意:楼上的三个房间都太小了,以至于没有足够的空间容纳一张双人床。room意为“房间”时是可数名词,room意为“空间”时是不可数名词。根据句意和第一空前的“three”可知,第一空应用可数名词room的复数形式;第二空表示空间,应用不可数名词room。故选C。
(2022·新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市·模拟题)—Thank you for the ______ you gave me.
—I'm glad they're helpful.
A. suggestions B. advice C. news D. information
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——感谢你给我提的建议。——我很高兴它们是有帮助的。suggestions建议,可数名词复数;advice建议,不可数名词;news新闻,消息,不可数名词;information信息,不可数名词。根据they可知,此处是复数名词,即suggestions。故选A。
考点6 词义辨析(每年必考点)
名词还有一个重要考点就是名词的词义辨析,根据题意选择正确的名词。所以背诵单词是基础,同学们一定要坚持每天背诵单词,烂熟于心。
中考语法—名词专项练习
(共计50小题,每小题2分,总分100分。)
1. (2014·江苏省扬州市·历年真题)—What a good ______ you've given me! Thanks a lot.
—My pleasure.
A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice
【答案】C
【解析】句意:—你给了我很好的建议!多谢。—别客气。A.information不可数名词,信息;B.news不可数名词,消息;C.suggestion可数名词,建议;D.advice不可数名词,建议。题中good前有a,说明这里需要可数名词,所以选suggestion。故选C。
2. (2022·山东省滨州市·期末考试)How much ________ do we need to make a banana milk shake?
A. bananas B. apples C. coffee D. milk
【答案】D
【解析】句意:制作一份香蕉奶昔需要多少牛奶?由句子中的how much (多少,后接不可数名词)可知,答案A和B可直接排除,因为bananas和apples都是复数名词.制作香蕉奶昔不需要coffee(咖啡),因此正确答案是milk。故选:D。
3. (2016·重庆市·历年真题)It's sports time. Most ______ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.
A. boy B. boys C. boy's D. boys'
【答案】A
【解析】句意:运动时间到了,一班大多数男学生正在操场上踢足球。A.boy男孩,单数;B.boys男孩,复数;C.boy's男孩的,单数的所有格;D.boys'男孩们的,复数的所有格。boy students男学生,名词boy作定语修饰名词students,要用单数形式。排除B;boy's students男孩的学生;boys' students男孩们的学生。不符合语境,排除C和D。故选A。
4. (2014·贵州省安顺市·历年真题)There are fifty _________ in our school. They are all friendly to us.
A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. woman teacher D. women teachers
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我们学校有50名女教师,她们都对我们很友好。根据fifty可知,后面应该用复数形式,女教师的英文翻译为woman teacher,复数形式是women teachers,故选D。
5. (2016·重庆市·历年真题)It's sports time.Most ________ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.
A. boy B. boys C. boy's D. boys'
【答案】A
【解析】根据句子结构可知该空处在句中作定语修饰名词students,选项中是名词boy的各种形式,有其复数形式和单复数的名词所有格形式,根据名词作定语常用单数形式,且不随后面的名词的数而发生改变(man、woman除外),故填boy的单数形式即可, 故选:A。
6. (2014·广东省广州市·历年真题)Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef,vegetables and .
A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词的用法,rice为不可数名词,前面不能用a修饰;a few修饰可数名词的复数;a little修饰不可数名词,想表示一些米饭,用some rice即可, 故选:A。
7. (2015·江苏省常州市·历年真题)—Could you tell me the ______ of making such tasty cakes
—Well, I just follow the instructions in the cookbook.
A. time B. method C. cost D. menu
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你可以告诉我做这样可口的蛋糕的方法吗?——哦,我就是按照烹饪书的说明做的。time时间,method方法,cost花费,menu菜单。根据语境,“你能告诉我制作如此美味的蛋糕的方法吗?”方法:method,故选B。
8. (2022·广东省·期末考试)I’d like some _____and_____.
A. banana; tomato B. bananas; tomato
C. bananas; tomatoes D. banana; tomatoes
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我想要一些香蕉和西红柿。some修饰可数名词时,通常接复数名词,而banana和 tomato都是可数名词,应用复数形式,故选C。
9. (2022·云南省昆明市·模拟题)My grandpa knows the history and medical ______ of many plants.
A. wealth B. price C. value D. cost
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我爷爷知道许多植物的历史和药用价值。A.是财富、财产;B.是价格;C.是价值;D.是成本。根据题干可知,我爷爷知道许多植物的历史和药用价值,故选C。
10. (2022·全国·月考试卷)In a conversation between two persons, 65% of ______ is done through body language.
A. information B. pronunciation C. introduction D. communication
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在两个人之间的对话中,65%的交流是通过肢体语言完成的。information信息;pronunciation发音;introduction介绍;communication交流,交际。根据句意"在两个人之间的对话中,65%的交流是通过肢体语言完成的"可知,要填"交流,交际",其它选项语意不通。故选D。
11. (2016·福建省福州市·历年真题)—Where were you born, Michael
—I was born in a small village with only three _______ people.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你在哪里出生的,Michael?——我出生在一个只有3百口人的小村庄里。根据选项可知考查hundred的用法:基数词+hundred+名词复数形式表示“几百……”表确数;hundreds of+名词复数表示“数百的……”表约数,根据题干中有基数词three可知填hundred,表确数“三百”,故选A。
12. (2023·天津市市辖区·期末考试)Shanghai is one of____in the world.
A. the biggest cities B. biggest cities
C. the biggest city D. bigger cities
【答案】A
【解析】句意:上海是世界上最大的城市之一。one of the+形容词的最高级+可数名词的复数形式,意为“最......之一”。故选A。
13. (2022·广西壮族自治区·历年真题)The online shop sells ____________ shoes at a very good price.
A. child B. child s C. children D. children s
【答案】D
【解析】句意:网上商店以非常好的价格销售小孩子的鞋。A.child儿童,单数形式;B.child's儿童的,名词单数所有格;C.children儿童,复数形式;D.children's儿童的,名词复数所有格。由下文的shoes可知,此处指的是"小孩子的鞋",child为可数名词,因此使用名词的复数形式children表类别,表示"小孩子的",使用名词所有格,因此为children s。
14. (2022·广西壮族自治区·历年真题)The policeman give us much ____________ on how to protect personal information.
A. tip B. reason C. advice D. suggestion
【答案】C
【解析】句意:警察就如何保护个人信息给了我们很多建议。tip提示,可数名词;reason原因,可数名词;advice建议,不可数名词;suggestion建议,可数名词。much修饰不可数名词advice"建议"。
15. (2022·广东省广州市·期末考试)The students of Grade 7 visited Mike's farm and saw many _________ there.
A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit
【答案】C
【解析】句意:七年级的学生参观了Mike的农场,他们在那里看到了许多绵羊。本题考查名词辨析。bird的意思是“鸟”;duck的意思是“鸭子”;sheep的意思是“绵羊”;rabbit的意思是“兔子”。因为many修饰名词的复数,所以此处应该填名词的复数形式,ABD都是单数,而sheep的单复数同形,故选C。
16. (2021·山东省·单元测试)—What would you like, sir
—A cup of ______, please.
A. potato B. coffee C. banana D. hamburger
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你想要点什么,先生?——请给我一杯咖啡。potato土豆;coffee咖啡;banana香蕉;hamburger汉堡包。能用一杯来计量的只有咖啡。故选B。
17. (2022·云南省·历年真题)Mr. Wang gave me several useful_____on how to learn better.
A. advise B. advices C. suggest D. suggestions
【答案】D
【解析】句意:王老师就如何更好地学习给了我好几条有帮助的建议。A.建议(动词);B.建议(错误表达,不可数名词无复数);C.建议(动词);D.建议(可数名词复数形式)。根据设空处前面的several(几个)可知,设空处应该是可数名词复数形式。故选:D。
18. (2020·河北省唐山市·期中考试)______ fathers can't go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.
A. Jack and Mike's B. Jack's and Mike's
C. Jack and Mike D. Jack's and Mike
【答案】B
【解析】答案:B 根据其后的fathers,可知此处表示Jack的父亲和Mike的父亲两个人.表示两人分别拥有要在两人后分别加's,A选项表示两人共同拥有. 故选:B.
Jack的父亲和Mike的父亲不能去参加班会因为他们已经出差了.
本题考查名词所有格.区分A选项与B选项,这是容易出错的地方.A表示两者共同拥有,其后接名词单数;B表示两人分别拥有,其后接名词复数.
19. (2021·全国·单元测试)It is five years since we began to enjoy a ______ spring holiday each year.
A. ten-day B. ten day C. ten day’s D. ten-days
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词。A项意为“十天的”,相当于一个形容词,可以位于名词前作定语;B项意为“十天”,不能作定语,而且应该用复数形式;C项是名词所有格,可以位于名词前作定语,但是应该用名词复数的所有格;D项数词和名词用连字符连接后不能用复数形式.故选A。
20. (2021·全国·单元测试)—Where are you going to spend your summer holiday, Jenny
—I haven't made a yet. I'm going to talk about it with my family tomorrow.
A. decision B. promise C. journey D. suggestion
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——珍尼,你要去哪儿度暑假?——我还没有作决定。我明天要和我的家人谈一谈。A.decision决定;B.promise诺言; C.journey旅程;D.suggestion建议。要和家人谈谈,是因为还没有作决定,根据句意可知,故选A。
21. (2022·广东省·单元测试)—Are all the students from in your class
—No, there are only 3 in our class. The others are from other countries.
A. Germany;Germen B. Germany;Germans
C. German;Germans D. German;Germany
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你们班所有的学生都来自德国吗?——不,我们班只有3名德国人,其余的来自别的国家。根据第一个空格前from可知考查固定短语be from"来自……",故第一个空为Germany;再根据第二个空格前有基数词3可知表达数量后接可数名词复数,德国人的英文表达为German,是可数名词,其复数形式Germans。综上所述,故选B。
22. (2020·全国·单元测试)If you work harder, you’ll have another______ to play the violin at a concert.
A. sleep B. chance C. mistake D. problem
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:句意:如果再努力学习,你将再获得一个机会在音乐会上拉小提琴。A. sleep 睡觉; B. chance 机会;C. mistake 错误; D.problem问题。have a chance to do sth.“有机会做某事”,故选B。考点:考查名词词义辨析的用法。
23. (2022·四川省遂宁市·模拟题)Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ______.
A. man teachers B. men teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们学校里五分之三的老师是男老师。man和woman作定语修饰名词时,若所修饰的名词是复数,则man和woman也要变成复数形式。根据分析,故选B。
24. (2022·山东省·历年真题)A ______ player set a new record at the sports meeting.
A. 16-years-old B. 16 year old C. 16-year-old D. 16 years old
【答案】C
【解析】句意:一个16岁的运动员在运动会上创造了一项新纪录。复合形容词由“数词+名词单数+形容词”且中间用连字符号连接。结合句意及选项,故选C。
25. (2022·云南省·专项测试)Mr Liu is a wise man, and he often gives us a few ______.
A. suggestions B. advice C. hobbies D. knowledge
【答案】A
【解析】句意:刘先生是一个聪明人,他经常给我们一些建议。suggestions建议,可数名词复数;advice建议,不可数名词;hobbies爱好,可数名词复数;knowledge知识,不可数名词。a few修饰可数名词复数,结合Mr Liu is a wise man可知,刘先生经常给我们一些建议。故选A。
26. (2021·山东省·联考题)After playing football for more than half an hour, the students took ______ rest.
A. a few minute s B. a little minute s
C. a few minutes D. a little minutes
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在踢了半个多小时的足球之后,学生们休息了几分钟。a few修饰可数名词复数,a little修饰不可数名词,minute分钟,可数名词,排除B,D选项;a few minutes几分钟,这里用复数名词的所有格修饰名词rest,take a few minutes' rest休息几分钟。故选C。
27. (2022·黑龙江省绥化市·历年真题)With the introduction of the "double reduction" policy (双减政策),one of the_____ _____ that the students have less homework.
A. changes;is B. change;is C. changes;are
【答案】A
【解析】one of the...后接可数名词复数,表示什么中的一个,动词用第三人称单数形式,the在这里起强调的作用。因此A选项符合题意。 故选:A。随着"双减"政策的出台,其中一个变化就是学生的作业变少了。做题时,把握关键词,确定名词和谓语动词的单复数形式。
28. (2022·全国·同步练习)If you want to be a doctor like Zhong Nanshan, hard work is the key to ________.
A. treasure B. beauty C. success D. health
【答案】C
【解析】 句意:如果你想成为像钟南山那样的医生,努力奋斗是成功的关键。treasure意为“珍宝;宝藏”;beauty意为“美丽”;success意为“成功”;health意为“健康”。结合语境,故选C项。
29. (2016·江苏省南通市·历年真题)—What do you think of our hotel
—Good! I’m especially satisfied with the high ______ of your service.
A. level B. speed C. praise D. price
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你觉得我们的宾馆怎么样?——很好!我对这里的高服务水平特别满意。A. 水平;B. 速度;C. 奖励;D. 价格。根据题干可知说话人对这里的高服务水平特别满意,故选 A。
30. (2020·黑龙江省大庆市·历年真题)Nobody thought it is easy to finish so much work in ______.
A. two days' time B. two-days time C. two day's time D. two days time
【答案】A
【解析】句意:没人认为在两天内完成这么多工作是容易的.1.若以-s 结尾的复数名词的所有格是直接加',如:the twins' books, two minutes' walk, three days' holiday.2。如果是数词+连字符+名词构成的所有格,不需要在名词的右上角打一撇,其中的名词也不用复数形式。因此本题正确答案是A,故选A。
31. (2021·全国·单元测试)— Can I help you
—Please give me ______ about the trains to Daqing.
A. a few informations B. a little informations
C. a little information D. a few information
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我能帮助你吗?——请给我一点去大庆的火车的信息。 information信息,不可数名词,排除答案A和B,a few几个,修饰可数名词复数,排除答案D,a little一点,修饰不可数名词,此处指"一点去大庆的火车的信息"。故选C。
32. (2021·全国·单元测试)Uncle Li has a farm, there are some ______ on the farm.
A. chicken and sheep B. chickens and sheeps
C. chickens and sheep D. chicken and sheeps
【答案】C
【解析】句意:李叔叔有一个农场,那里有许多鸡和羊。chicken表示“鸡”时,是可数名词,其复数是chickens;表示“鸡肉”时,是不可数名词;sheep羊,单复数同形。此处表示农场里的鸡和羊,结合前面的some可知,可数名词应用其复数形式。故选C。
33. (2021·全国·单元测试)—Are you thirsty
—Yes, please give us .
A. three bottle water B. three bottle of water
C. three bottles of water D. three bottles of waters
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你们渴吗?——是的,请给我们三瓶水。water是不可数名词,表示“三瓶水”,bottle要变为复数bottles,应该是three bottles of water。故选C。
34. (2021·辽宁省沈阳市·历年真题)A candle does not produce as light as a light bulb.
A. many B. much C. few D. little
【答案】B
【解析】句意:蜡烛产生的光没有电灯多。many许多,修饰可数名词复数;much许多,修饰不可数名词;few很少,修饰可数名词复数;little很少,修饰不可数名词。根据空之后的light"光"是不可数名词,结合常识,可知此处使用much修饰。故选:B。
35. (2021·全国·单元测试)The problems are difficult to solve. Please give me _______.
A. many advice B. some advice C. an advice D. some advices
【答案】B
【解析】本题用语法判定法解答。句意为“这些问题很难解决。请给我一些建议吧”。advice为不可数名词,本身无单复数变化,不能用不定冠词an修饰,也不能用many修饰。故选B。
36. (2021·全国·单元测试)—Can I help you, Madam
—Yes. ______, please.
A. Two pair of socks B. Two pairs of socks
C. Two pairs of sock D. Two pair of sock
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——女士,需要帮忙吗?——是的,请拿两双袜子给我。sock袜子,可数名词;a pair of一双,two pairs of socks两双袜子。故选B。
37. (2020·贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州·历年真题)About 200 ______ went to see the Asian Fashion Show last night.
A. German B. Australian C. Chinese D. American
【答案】C
【解析】句意:昨晚大约200个中国人去看了亚洲时装表演。A.German德国人;B.Australian澳大利亚人;C.Chinese中国人,单复数同形;D.American美国人。基数词200后接名词复数,ABD是单数形式,Chinese单复数同形。故选C。
38. (2020·全国·历年真题)We believe that China will become one of ______ in the world.
A. the strong countries B. the strongest country
C. the strongest countries D. the strong country
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们相信中国将成为世界上最强大的国家之一。one of+the+最高级+名词复数,意为“最……的之一”,固定短语。结合选项,故选C。
39. (2020·辽宁省沈阳市·历年真题)Chinese food is so delicious that ______ foreigners are learning to cook it.
A. many B. much C. few D. little
【答案】A
【解析】句意:中国菜太好吃了,很多外国人都在学做。many很多,修饰可数名词复数;much很多,修饰不可数名词;few几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数;little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词。根据foreigners是复数,可知B、D不正确;由Chinese food is so delicious“中国菜太好吃了”可知,很多外国人学做它,C不符合。故选A。
40. (2020·四川省资阳市·历年真题)To our joy, China has made much ______ in scientific research in the past 20 years.
A. peace B. trouble C. progress D. noise
【答案】C
【解析】句意:令我们高兴的是,中国在过去20年里在科学研究方面取得了很大的进步。peace 和平;trouble 麻烦;progress 进步;noise 噪音。根据语境,可知构成短语make much progress取得很大的进步,即令我们高兴的是,中国在过去20年里在科学研究方面取得了很大的进步,因此是progress。故选C。
41. (2022·山东省·月考试卷)—How far is your home from the train station?
— It's about 20__________walk.
A. minute B. minutes C. minute's D. minutes'
【答案】D
【解析】根据空格前面的词语是20,所以后面"分钟"这个词要用复数形式minute,在英语中表示多少分钟路程的时候,要做minutes后面加',也就是minutes',综上所述,故选D。
——你的家距离火车站多远?
——大约步行20分钟的路程。
首先要掌握句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案。
42. (2018·广西壮族自治区梧州市·历年真题)—Would you like something to drink
—Yes, ______ please.
A. some meat B. some cakes C. some dumplings D. some coffee
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你想喝点什么吗?——是的,请来些咖啡吧。A.一些肉;B.一些蛋糕;C.一些饺子;D.一些咖啡。根据something to drink可知,D项符合题意。故选D。
43. (2020·四川省内江市·历年真题)—Peter, how far is it from your home to school
—It's only five ______ walk.
A. minute B. minutes C. minute's D. minutes'
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——彼特,从你家到学校有多远的距离?——步行仅仅需要5分钟的路程。minute分钟,可数名词,结合题干中的five可知,minute要用复数形式minutes。再根据题意,5分钟的路程,应用名词所有格形式,minutes以s结尾,因此所有格直接在它的后面加'。故选D。
44. (2020·河南省郑州市·单元测试)These two schoolbags are ______.
A. Jack's and Paul B. Jack's and Paul's
C. Jack and Paul's D. Jack and Paul
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这两个书包是杰克和保罗的。两人共有的东西,在第二个名词后加's;如果是两个人分别拥有,两个词后都加's。此处schoolbags(书包)为复数,所以是两人分别拥有。故选B。
45. (2020·甘肃省·单元测试)Our hospital needs two ______, you can ask your daughter to have a try.
A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们医院需要两个女医生,你可以让你女儿试试。女医生woman doctor,复数women doctors;空前面是two,可知用复数,故选A。
46. (2021·全国·历年真题)All received fresh flowers on Women's Day.
A. woman teacher B. woman teachers C. women teachers D. women teacher
【答案】C
【解析】woman teacher为复合名词,可数名词,复数形式为women teachers,all后跟可数名词复数。 故选:C。
在妇女节那天所有的女老师收到新鲜的花。
掌握复合名词的单复数形式,结合句意作答。
47. (2021·贵州省铜仁市·历年真题)—You have a nice house! Whose room is this?
— It's ___________.
A. Jack and Peter's B. Jack's and Peter's
C. Jack's and Peter D. Jack and Peter
【答案】A
【解析】结合语境:你的房子不错!这是谁的房间?它是Jack和Peter的。是两人共同拥有,只在最后面加's。故选:A。掌握名词所有格的固定用法是解题关键。
48. (2020·山东省·单元测试)There are _____ teachers in our school and ______ of them are _______ teachers.
A. three hundreds; two thirds; women
B. three hundred; two third; woman
C. three hundreds; two third; woman
D. three hundred; two thirds; women
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我们学校有三百名教师,其中三分之二是女教师。当hundred/thousand/million等词前有确切数字时,hundred/thousand/million等词后应不加“s”,且无of;当hundred/thousand/million等词前无确切数字时,hundred/thousand/million等词后加“s”,且有of;英语中分数的表达为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,序数词应加s;当woman在名词前作定语,修饰复数也要用复数women。结合句意,故选D。
49. (2014·江苏省宿迁市·历年真题)In most homes, people cook meals in the ________.
A. bathroom B. garden C. bedroom D. kitchen
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在大多数的家庭里,人们在厨房做饭。A. bathroom浴室; B. garden花园; C. bedroom卧室; D. kitchen厨房。根据常识可知,故选D。
50. (2015·广西壮族自治区南宁市·历年真题)Maori people in New Zealand touch when they meet.
A. trees B. noses C. caps D. desks
【答案】B
【解析】句意:新西兰毛利人见面时碰鼻子。本题考查名词词义辨析。tree树;nose鼻子;cap帽子;desk课桌。根据句意及外国礼仪知识可知答案为B项。