云南省德宏州潞西市芒市中学高中英语选修六Unit3 A healthy life学案

五步教学设计教学案： 主备人：杨荣月
选修六: Unit 3
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading (Ⅰ)
教学目标：让学生通过本节课的学习远离有损健康的活动，养成良好的生活习惯。
教学重点：训练学生的阅读速度
教学难点：学生阅读能力的提高
二、预习导学
Ⅰ.词义匹配
1．abuse　　　 A．give up, stop; leave
2．ban B．to become stronger or make something stronger
3．quit C．feeling shame because of something you have done
4．strengthen D．to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )decide or say officially that something is not allowed
5．desperate E．arising from despair or loss of hope
6．ashamed F．the us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of something in a wrong or harmful way; to treat in a cruel or violent way
答案：1～6　FDABEC
Ⅱ.写出下列句中黑体短语的汉语意义
1．Her success is due to her great efforts.由于
2．Nowdays, many children are addicted to TV.对……有瘾
3．I don't feel like talking with him.想要
4．He was accustomed to a life of luxury.习惯于
5．Have you decided on a date for your wedding？对……作出决定
三、问题引领，知识探究
(Ⅰ)Skim the text and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )match the paragraphs 1～5 with their main ideas A～E.
A．The writer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )leads to the topic of the letter by talking about James' problem of smoking.
B．Introducing some different ways of becoming addicted.
C．Telling the write ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r's hope for his grandson and advice on stopping smoking.
D．Telling the harmful effects of smoking.
E．From the life t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he writer is leading now, we can know the importance of healthy life.
答案：1～5　EABDC
(Ⅱ)Read the text again and choose the best choice.
1．What about James' grandfather
A．He is ill now.　　　　　B．He still smokes.
C．He is healthy. D．He has lung disease.
2．Why did James' grandfather write to James
A．Because he wanted to tell James his experience.
B．Because he wanted to tell James the harmful effects of smoking.
C．Because he wanted to help James give up smoking.
D．Because he wanted to help James get some information.
3．In his girlfriend's eyes, what kind of person he was
A．He was very handsome and neat.
B．He had bad habit of smoking and smelt terrible.
C．He was warm hearted and polite.
D．He was healthy and strong.
4．What made James' grandfather quit smoking
A．His yellow fingers.
B．His smelly clothes and breath.
C．His girlfriend's advice.
D．His illness.
5．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Smoking does little to lungs and heart.
B．Smoking couples cannot easily become pregnant.
C．Middle aged men can smoke sometimes, without any effect.
D．Students can only smoke one cigarette in a week.
答案：1～5　CCBDB
(Ⅲ)Read the text ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )carefully and then fill in the chart with the information in the text.
ADVICE FROM GRANDAD
Information from the reading passage
Different wayspeople canbecome addictedto cigarettes physically_ addicted to nicotine
addicted through habit_
mentally_ addicted
Harmfulphysical effectsfor smokers do terrible damage_ to heart and lungs
have difficulty in becoming pregnant_
breathless_ quickly
Effects that a person's smoking can have on other people other people dislike the smell_
affect_ the health of the non smokers
Effects that smoking can have on sporting performance be unable to enjoy sport_
Conclusion it's time to quit smoking
四、目标检测
课文缩写填空
James' grandfather wri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tes him a letter to advise him to quit smoking. James' grandfather says that his long and active life must be due to the healthy life he lives. He also tells James how ?tough it is to stop smoking. During adolescence he also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes. There are three different ways you can become addicted to cigarettes. You can become physically addicted to nicotine. After a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. When the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. You can also begin to do it ?automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. He also offers some advice to help James to stop and strengthen his resolve.
五、分层配餐
翻译下列句子
1．Believe me, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.
2．I believed I was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked.
阅读理解
Health experts ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve warned for many years that cigarette smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other medical problems. Officials say diseases caused directly by smoking kill at least three hundred and twenty thousand Americans each year. But smokers still find it rather difficult to stop. The tobacco industry says 40 million Americans continue to smoke cigarettes. The American Cancer Society wants to change this. Every year the group organises a national Non smoking Day in order to get people to give up cigarettes.
On the Non smoking D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay the organisation will ask all smokers to stop smoking for at least 24 hours. The American Cancer Society hopes this will lead many people to give up smoking completely. On that day the American Cancer Society officers will give telephone call advice on how to stop smoking. Smokers can also call a special telephone to hear recorded messages by doctors. Some businesses will offer their workers candy or chewing gum to help them to keep from smoking. Some companies will offer special gifts and lower prizes to people who sign an agreement to stop smoking. And Americans who don't smoke will be asked to help just one person who is smoking during the 24 hour campaign.
1．Who sets the Non smoking Day
A．Some health experts.
B．The government.
C．People who want to stop smoking.
D．The American Cancer Society.
解析：选D。细节理解题。从文章第一段最后两句和第二段前两句可知，戒烟日是由美国癌症协会设立的。
2．The purpose of the Non smoking Day is ________．
A．to call on all t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he smokers to stop smoking for at least 24 hours on the Non smoking Day
B．to make the smokers find it easy to give up smoking on that day
C．that many of the smokers will give up smoking forever
D．to make it clear that it is dangerous to smoke for 24 hours
解析：选C。推理判断题。由文章第一段最后一句和第二段第二句可知，戒烟日的目的是让许多人彻底戒烟。
3．What will be done ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to help smokers to stop smoking on the Non smoking Day
A．Some smokers can call doctors for some advice.
B．Some smokers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are given some candy or advice to help them to stop smoking.
C．Special gifts and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lower prizes are given to those who don't smoke on that day.
D．Non smokers will help people who are smoking on that day.
解析：选D。细节理解题。从第二段最后一句可知，这一天不吸烟的人将帮助吸烟的人戒烟。
4．The best title may be ________．
A．Health and Cancer
B．The American Cancer Society
C．Medical Problems on Cancer
D．Non smoking Day
解析：选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可以看出，本文主要讲述了戒烟日的一些情况。
五步教学设计教学案： 主备人：杨荣月
选修六: Unit 3
Unit 3 A healthy life
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading (Ⅱ)
教学目标：让学生掌握本单元重点词汇和短语和句型
教学重点：牢记并学会使用这些短语和句型。
教学难点：：学生对重点词汇和短语的掌握和运用
二、预习导学
正确拼写单词
(一)根据词性和汉语意思写出单词
1．abuse　　　　n．& vt.滥用；虐待
2．ban vt.禁止；取缔
n．禁令；谴责
3．quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开
4．due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
5．desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的→desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地
熟背常用短语
1．due to　　　　　　　由于……
2．addicted to 对……有瘾
3．accustomed to 习惯于……
4．do damage to 对……有损害
5.decide on 对……作出决定
6．feel like (doing) 想要(做)……
三、问题引领，知识探究
考点1 abuse n．& vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
教材原句 Drug abuse吸毒；药物滥用
It's our duty to provide help for the abused children.
给被虐待的儿童提供帮助是我们的职责。
He greeted me with a stream of abuse, which made me feel sad.
他迎面对我一顿痛骂，这使我很难过。
[归纳拓展]
alcohol abuse　　　　　　　　　酗酒child abuse 虐待儿童abuse one's power/privilege/position 滥用权力/特权/职权abuse one's trust/confidence 背信弃义
Child abuse is widespread in this country.
这个国家虐待孩子的情况很普遍。
The officials are always reminded not to abuse their power.
官员们总是被提醒不要滥用权力。
[多角度演练]
1．写出下列句子中abuse的含义
①Don't abuse the horse any more.虐待
②His abuse of drugs leads to his death.滥用
③You are always abusing and offending people.辱骂；出言不逊
2．完成句子
④滥用能源会给我们的子孙后代带来可怕的未来。
Abusing_energy/Energy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_abuse will bring our offspring a terrible future.
⑤根据新的法律，家长也不允许在家中虐待儿童。
According to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he new law, parents are also not allowed to_abuse_children in the family.
3．单项填空
⑥It has been reveal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed that some government leaders________their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.
A．misuse 　　　　　　　　 B．abandon
C．abuse D．accustom
解析：选C。句意：据透露，一些政府官员 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )滥用职权为自己谋取非法利益。misuse“误用”；abandon“抛弃”；abuse“滥用；妄用”；accustom“使习惯”。故C项符合句意。
考点2 stress n．压力；重音vt.加压力于；使紧张；强调
I think her headaches are caused by stress.
我认为她的头疼是由压力引起的。
The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.
英语老师强调了大声朗读的重要性。
[归纳拓展]
under the stress of　　　在……压力下；为……所迫lay/place/put stress on 强调……；把重点放在……stressful adj. 产生压力的；紧张的stressed adj. 感到有压力的
Unemployment and his wife's health put him under great stress.
失业及妻子的健康问题使他处于巨大的压力中。
This term, English t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eacher lays great stress on composition and reading.
这学期，英语老师非常看重作文和阅读。
[多角度演练]
1．用stress的适当形式填空
①It was a very stressful time for all of us.
②They put particular stress on the need for discipline.
③He was feeling very stressed and tired.
2．完成句子
④The head teacher stre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssed_the_importance_of (强调……的重要性) learning English well.
⑤The poor girl stole some bread under_the_stress_of (为……所迫) hunger.
3．单项填空
⑥In my opinion, we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) should put more ________ on the quality of our products, not just the cost.
A．stress　　　　　　　　 B．effect
C．notice D．support
解析：选A。句意：我认为，我们应该更注意产品的质量而不仅仅是成本。put stress on“强调……；把重点放在……上”，符合题意。
考点3 ban vt.禁止；取缔n.禁令；谴责
教材原句 Do you think smoking should be banned？你认为吸烟应该被禁止吗？
(1)vt.禁止；取缔
[归纳拓展]
ban (doing) sth.　　　禁止(做)某事ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
He started a campaign to ban smoking in public places.
他发起了一场禁止在公共场合吸烟的运动。
The government banned the magazines from publishing the pictures.
政府禁止杂志刊登这些照片。
(2)n.禁令；谴责
[归纳拓展]
a ban on/against sth.　　　　　对……的禁令place/put ... under a ban 禁止……lift the ban on/against sth. 解除对……的禁令
The new rule has put smoking under a ban.
新规定禁止吸烟。
The police lifted the ban on/against parking in this street.
警察取消了不准在这条街上停车的禁令。
[多角度演练]
1．介、副词填空
①There is a ban on/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )against talking loudly since the new manager came here.
②He was banned from entering the room unless permitted.
2．完成句子
③我们经理被禁止驾车一年。
Our manager has_been_banned_from_driving for a year.
④当地政府解除了不许在这条河里游泳的禁令。
The local government ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lifted_the_ban_on/against_swimming in this river.
3．单项填空
⑤I think it good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )if they ________ smoking in restaurants and cafes as well.
A．completed　　　　　　　 B．banned
C．ruined D．forced
解析：选B。句意：我想，如果他们在饭 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )店和咖啡馆里禁止吸烟就好了。ban“禁止”，符合题意。complete“完成”；ruin“破坏”；force“强制；逼迫”。
考点4 due to由于……；因为……(一般不置于句首)
教材原句 I think my long and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) active life must be due to the healthy life I live. 我想我之所以长寿而且精力旺盛，要归功于我的健康生活。
Our happy childhood is due to our father's hard work.
我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
It was a mistake due to carelessness.
那是由于粗心而犯的错误。
[归纳拓展]
due adj.　　　　　　欠款的；预定的；到期的be due to do sth. 预定做某事be due for sth. 应该得到某物be due to sb. 应给某人的；该付给某人的
Their plane is due to arrive in 15 minutes.
他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达。
I'm due for a pay rise soon.
不久就该给我加工资了。
Have they been paid the money (that is) due to them
他们应得到的钱付给他们了吗？
[联想发散]
仔细想一想，请试着写出表示“因于；由于”的其他短语。
because_of,_th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anks_to,_owing_to,_on_account_of,_as_a_result_of,_as_a_consequence_of
[多角度演练]
1．完成句子
①他的书预定十月份出版。
His book is due_to_be_published in October.
②金价再次上升，部分原因是有即将爆发战争的谣传。
The price of gold rose again, due_partly_to rumors of war.
③她不久就要升职了。
She is_due_for promotion soon.
2．句型转换
④My younger s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ister failed in the entrance exam because of her carelessness.
→My younger sister fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iled in the entrance exam due to her carelessness.
3．单项填空
⑤(2010·江苏高考)So far we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have done a lot to build a low carbon economy, but it is ________ ideal. We have to work still harder.
A．next to B．far from
C．out of D．due to
解析：选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意：迄今为止 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们为建设低碳经济已经做了很多，但是远不理想。我们必须更加努力。far from“远非；一点也不”，符合句意。next to“仅次于”；out of“离开；出于”，一般与名词或代词连用；due to“因为”。
考点5 addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
教材原句 You see, durin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes. 你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。
[归纳拓展]
be/become addicted to　　　对……迷恋，上瘾addict vt. 使上瘾　 n. 上瘾的人addict oneself to 沉溺于；醉心于某事/物addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
50 million Americans are said to be addicted to nicotine.
据说有五千万美国人有烟瘾。
He addicted hims ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elf to playing the violin and didn't find a thief walk into his house.
他醉心于拉小提琴，甚至没有注意到小偷进屋。
My brother is a junk food addict.
我弟弟就爱吃垃圾食品。
It is believed that smoking is addictive.
人们认为吸烟会让人上瘾。
[多角度演练]
1．根据语境，用addict的适当形式完成小片段
①Li Ming is a game ad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dict,_and his father has been trying to prevent him from being_addicted to computer games which are very addictive．
2．完成句子
②不要再让自己沉溺于这样愚蠢的事情。
Don't addict_yourself_to such foolish things any longer.
③这些都是沉溺于电脑游戏的孩子。
These are kids addicted_to computer games.
3．单项填空
④Compared with his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sister, Jerry is even more ________ to, and more easily troubled by emotional and relationship problems.
A．skeptical B．addicted
C．available D．sensitive
解析：选D。句意：与他妹妹相比，杰 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )里对感情和血缘关系问题甚至更敏感、更易于受干扰。skeptical“不相信的”；addicted“上瘾的”；available“可用的；可得到的”；sensitive“敏感的”。故D项符合句意。
考点6 accustom vt.使习惯于accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
教材原句 This means that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. 这就意味着，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。
[归纳拓展]
accustom oneself to　　　　　　习惯于(to是介词)be/get/become accustomed to＝be used to doing 习惯于(to是介词)
He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of studying.
他很快就习惯了这种新的学习方式。
I am accustomed to walking to school.
我习惯于步行去上学。
She took her accustomed seat by the window.
她坐在了她通常坐的靠窗户的位子。
[联想发散]
be accustomed to中的to为介词。请想一想，含介词to的动词词组，你还学过了哪些？试根据汉语提示完成下列短语。
①stick_to坚持　　　　　　②lead_to通向； 导致
③object_to反对 ④pay_attention_to注意
⑤come_to谈到； 涉及 ⑥devote...to...致力于……
⑦see_to处理； 负责； 照顾 ⑧get_down_to开始/着手(做)
⑨contribute_to促进；有助于 ⑩look_forward_to期望；盼望
[多角度演练]
1．完成句子
①You must accustom_yourself_to (使自己适应) the new environment.
②She found it neces ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sary to_accustom_the_child_to_getting_up_early (使孩子习惯于早起)．
2．句型转换
③He has the habit of staying up late and getting up late.
→He is accustomed to staying up late and getting up late.
④I am not accustomed to being spoken to like that.
→I am not used to being spoken to like that.
3．单项填空
⑤—They are quiet, aren't they
—Yes. They are accustomed ________ at meals.
A．to talk B．to not talk
C．to talking D．to not talking
解析：选D。句意：“他们很安静，是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )吗？”“是的，他们习惯于在吃饭的时候不说话。”考查固定搭配。be accustomed to“习惯于”，为固定短语。其中的to为介词，后接名词或动名词。
考点7 effect n．结果；效力；作用；影响
教材原句 When I was young, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking. 在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。
Everything has its cause and effect.
每件事情都有因果效应。
His new way of teaching produced a good effect.
他的新教学方法产生了良好的效果。
[归纳拓展]
have an/no effect on　　　　　对……有/没有影响take effect 实行；生效come/go into effect 开始生效；开始实施bring/carry sth. into effect 使……生效in effect 正在实行；实际上be of no effect 无效果的
The new regulations will come into effect soon.
这些新规定即将实施。
The prescribed medicine failed to take effect.
医生开的药没有效果。
Some ancient laws are still in effect.
有些古时的法律现在仍然有效。
[关键一点]
作“影响”讲时，effect为名词； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )affect(＝have an effect on)为动词。effect为动词时，意思为“引起； 使发生”。
[语境串记]
The games don't have an effect on me but affect him a great deal.
这些游戏对我没有影响，但是对他影响很大。
[多角度演练]
1．句型转换
①What affects the prices of the houses strongly on earth
→What has a strong effect on the prices of the houses on earth
2．完成句子
②The new tax law will not take_effect (生效) until next month.
③Alcoholic drink can have_a_bad_effect_on(有坏影响)your body.
④All the methods proved of_no_effect (无效) to solve the problem.
3．单项填空
⑤Too much sm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oking and drinking ________ him greatly, which meant bad living habits had an ________ on his health.
A．affect; effect　　　　　　　 B．affected; effect
C．affected; effects D．affect; effects
解析：选B。affect为及物动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“影响”；effect为名词。另外have an effect on为固定搭配，意为“对……有影响”，并根据从句时态可知选B项。
考点8 strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强
教材原句 It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. 这也许对你戒烟和坚定决心会有所帮助。
We want to strengthen our ties with them.
我们想加强与他们的关系。
It is necessary to strengthen the bridge.
这座桥需要加固。
The wind strengthened during the night.
风在夜间刮得更猛了。
[word family]
―→―→
He hasn't got enough strength to lift the box.
他没有足够的力气搬起那个箱子。
[联想发散]
动词strengthen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是由名词strength加后缀 en转化而来的，请想一想常见的由名词或形容词加后缀 en转化而来的动词还有哪些？试根据汉语提示写出下列单词。
①brighten(使)发亮　　　　②fatten(使)发胖
③harden(使)变硬 ④sharpen(使)变尖锐
⑤sweeten(使)变甜 ⑥darken(使)变暗
⑦soften(使)变软 ⑧widen(使)变宽
[多角度演练]
1．完成句子
①经过这几年的发展，该国的国力变强了。
Through these yea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs of development, this_country's_power_strengthened．
②每个人都有优缺点。
Everyone has his strengths_and_weaknesses．
2．单项填空
③(2011·湖北高考)Clin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ical evidence began to______， suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
A．operate B．strengthen
C．approve D．accumulate
解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。 句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意： 越来越多的临床证据表明， 相对于在动物身上的试验预期， 这种新药有更广泛的应用。 operate “操作；经营”； strengthen“加强”； approve“赞成； 同意”； accumulate“数量逐渐增加”。
考点9 feel like (doing)想要(做)……
(1)想要(后面接名词、代词或动词的ing形式)
Do you feel like (having) a walk with me
跟我一起去散散步怎么样？
Do you feel like another drink
你想再来一杯吗？
(2)感到像……；摸起来像……(like在此为介词)
They made me feel like one of the family.
他们使我感到我像是这个家庭中的一个成员。
The material feels just like silk.
这块布料摸起来像丝绸。
(3)好像是/要
It feels like rain because of the dark clouds in the sky.
因为天上有乌云，好像要下雨了。
[归纳拓展]
would like sth.　　　　　　想要某物would like to do sth. 想要做某事would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事
I would like to express my thanks for all that you have done.
我想对你所做的一切表示感谢。
What would you like me to do before the party
晚会之前你想让我做什么？
[多角度演练]
1．用所给词的适当形式填空
①Do you feel like getting (get) up early in the summer
②Would you li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke to_get (get) up early and go climbing with me tomorrow morning
③I'd like to_have_gone (go) to see a film with you last night.
2．句型转换
④Would you like a cup of coffee
→Do you feel like a cup of coffee
⑤I don't want to eat a big meal now.
→I don't feel like eating a big meal now.
3．单项填空
⑥—How do you spend your spare time
—I ________ pla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ying football on the playground or having a talk with my friends.
A．feel like　　　　　　 B．feel as
C．want D．would like
解析：选A。feel like doing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sth.“想要做某事”。want to do sth.和would like to do sth.都意为“想要做某事”，但题干结构与选项不相符，故答案为A。
考点10 disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
教材原句 Do not be disappoi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nted if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking. 即使非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。
The disappointed children went home.
失望的孩子们回家了。
[word family]
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
The disappoi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nting news that he failed the exam made us very disappointed.
他没有通过考试，这令人扫兴的消息让我们感到非常失望。
I feel disappointed at the news.
听到这个消息，我感到失望。
She was disappointed to know that she had failed the course.
得知那门课没有考及格，她很沮丧。
To our great disappointment, it rained on the day of the picnic.
使我们大失所望的是野餐那天下起雨来了。
[自主归纳]
①be/feel disappointed at　　　对……感到失望
②be disappointed to_do_sth. 对做某事感到失望
③to_one's_disappointment 令人失望的是
[多角度演练]
1．用disappoint的适当形式填空
①All the people were disappointed at the disappointing result.
②I hate to disappoint you, but I'm just not interested.
③To our great disappointment,_they refused our request.
2．完成句子
④看到博物馆已经关门，我们感到很失望。
We were_disappointed_to_find the museum closed.
⑤使我们大失所望的是音乐会被取消了。
To_our_great_disappointment,_the concert was cancelled.
3．单项填空
⑥From the___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____look on his face, we know that the result must be________．
A．disappointed; disappointing
B．disappointed; disappointed
C．disappointing; disappointing
D．disappointing; disappointed
解析：选A。句意：从他脸上失望的表情 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们知道结果一定令人失望。disappointed“感到失望的”； disappointing“令人失望的”。故选A项。
考点11 ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
教材原句 If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed. 如果你因意志衰弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情。
I behaved badly yesterday and I am ashamed now.
我昨天表现不好，我现在感到很惭愧。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be ashamed of (doing) sth.因(做了)某事而感到羞愧be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做……； 因难为情而不愿做……be ashamed that ... 对……感到内疚(2)shame n. 羞耻； 惭愧； 遗憾的事to one's shame 令某人羞愧的是
She was ashamed of having failed in the examination.
她因考试不及格而感到惭愧。
I'm ashamed to say that I lied to her.
我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。
[辨析比较]　ashamed, shameful
ashamed 通常作表语。表示“(人)感到羞耻；惭愧的”
shameful 可作定语或表语。指“(事情或行为本身)可耻；不道德的”
[语境串记]
He was ashamed to c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )heat, because he realized that it was shameful to cheat in the exam.
他为作弊而羞愧，因为他认识到考试作弊是可耻的。
[多角度演练]
1．选词填空： ashamed, shameful
①The football team's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) shameful performance in the game made the fans disappointed.
②That kind of behavior made him ashamed to be British.
2．完成句子
③你应因没完成任务而感到惭愧。
You should be_ashamed_of failing to finish the task.
④使我感到羞愧的是，我没有听她的话。
To_my_shame,_I didn't listen to her.
3．单项填空
⑤—How often do you visit your granny in the village
—I feel ________．Just once in a while.
A．anxious　　　　　　　　 B．crazy
C．tired D．ashamed
解析：选D。句意：“你多长时间去看一次住在乡下的奶奶？”“真惭愧， 只是偶尔去。”ashamed“惭愧的；羞耻的；害臊的”，符合题意。anxious“忧虑的；渴望的”；crazy“疯狂的”；tired“累的”。
四、目标检测
单词拼写
1．He has been brought in to strengthen (加强) the defense.
2．This heating system has an automatic (自动的) temperature control.
3．The doctor made o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne last desperate (绝望的) attempt to save the boy's life.
4．As for you, you ought to be ashamed (惭愧的) of yourself.
5．After the accident, he was banned (禁止) from driving alone.
6．In the long run, working regularly has a good effect on our health.
7．She laid great stress on proper behavior.
8．I am a northerner, s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o I am not accustomed to the kind of food that southerners like eating.
9．Her problem is mental,_not physical.
10．Although he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )claimed that he was a good mayor, he was sentenced to three years in prison for abusing his power while in office.
五、分层配餐
单项填空
1．He ________ his position as manager by giving jobs to his friends and relatives.
A．ignored　　　　　　　　 B．begged
C．abused D．preferred
解析：选C。abuse“滥用；虐待 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”；其宾语常是表示职权、职务的名词。ignore“不理睬；忽视”；beg“请求；乞求”；prefer“更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)”。句意：他利用经理的职位把工作安排给朋友和亲戚。
2．Some trains ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )were delayed yesterday ________ the accident, but traffic had returned to normal by noon, a ministry spokesman said.
A．due to B．as though
C．in case D．so that
解析：选A。句意：一位铁道部发言人说，由于事 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )故，昨天一些列车延误，但是在中午就恢复了交通。due to“由于；因为”，符合题意。as though“好像”；in case“以防”； so that“以便”。
3．We shall be landing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) at Hongqiao Airport shortly. Please ________ your seat belts.
A．fasten B．sharpen
C．weaken D．strengthen
解析：选A。句意：我们马上就要在虹桥机场着陆 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了。请大家系好安全带。fasten“拴紧；系牢”，符合句意。sharpen“削尖；使尖锐”；weaken“削弱”；strengthen“加强；增强；巩固”。
4．The new surve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y shows that the number of students ________ computer games has been on the increase in recent years.
A．devoted to B．related to
C．connected to D．addicted to
解析：选D。be devoted to“致力 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于”；be related to“与……有联系”；be connected to“与……相关联”；be addicted to“对……上瘾的”。由句意可知选D项。
5．Accustomed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to________the steep mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top.
A．climbing B．climb
C．having climbed D．have climbed
解析：选A。句中的to是介词，需接动名词形式，排除B、D。C项是现在分词的完成形式，表示在谓语动词之前就已完成的动作，不符合句意。故选A。
6．—I didn't _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ going out. Why don't we stay at home and watch TV
—Come on！You promised to take me out for a ride.
A．hear about B．make up
C．feel like D．know of
解析：选C。句意：“我不想出去，我们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )待在家看电视好吗？”“得了吧，你答应带我出去骑车的。”feel like doing ...“想要做……”，符合题意。hear about“得悉；听说”；make up“编造；弥补”；know of“知道；听说”。
7．The prisoner made ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )several________ efforts to run away from the prison, but failed every time.
A．curious B．serious
C．sincere D．desperate
解析：选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：囚犯数次孤注一掷地想从监狱里逃跑，但每次都失败了。curious“好奇的；好事的”； serious“严肃的”； sincere“真挚的；真诚的”； desperate“不顾死活的；拼命的”。故D项符合句意。
8．—How do you find Qingdao, Mary
—It's a beautiful ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) seaside city. I have ________ it for my next holiday.
A．decided on B．tried on
C．taken on D．carried on
解析：选A。decide o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n“选定”；try sth. on“试穿(衣物)”；take on“呈现”；carry on“进行某事；继续做”。结合语境，可知选A项。
9．________ I wro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te a short poem, I felt so confident about it that I placed it right on my father's plate.
A．The first time B．At first
C．It was the first time D．For the first time
解析：选A。考查连词。因前后是两个句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子，所以应在填空处填连词，而不是介词短语等。因此选A。句意：当第一次我写了一首短诗的时候觉得很自信，就把它放在了我父亲盘子的右边。
10．In order to cre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at a peaceful world, we should make every ________ to protect the environment.
A．affect B．effect
C．effort D．afford
解析：选C。make every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )effort to do sth.“不遗余力地做某事”，习惯用法。句意：为了创建一个和平的世界，我们应该尽全力保护环境。
语境翻译
由于(due to)生活的压力(st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ress)，很多人沉溺于(addicted to)吸烟或酗酒(alcohol abuse)。尽管他们知道这会削弱(weaken)而非增强(strengthen)体质，但一旦上瘾(addicted)，就很难戒除(quit)。但一切皆有可能，只要他们有决心，学会放松自己并不断努力，就一定会戒除。
参考答案：
Many people becom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e addicted to smoking or alcohol abuse due to the stress of life. Although they know the bad habits will weaken their body instead of strengthening it, it's hard to quit them once they become addicted. But nothing is impossible.As long as they are determined, learn to relax themselves and keep trying, they can make it eventually.
五步教学设计教学案： 主备人：杨荣月
选修六: Unit 3
Unit 3 A healthy life
Section Ⅲ Grammar— it 的用法
教学目标：让学生掌握it作为人称代词和非人称代词的用法
教学重点：it作非人称代词—形式主语和形式宾语的用法。
教学难点：能正确的辨别it的不同用法
二、预习导学
1．—Who is knocking at the door
—It's me.
2．My dictionary is missing. I can't find it anywhere.
3．It was time to quit smoking.
4．It is 10 kilometres to the castle.
5．—What's this
—It's a computer.
6．It is no good crying over spilt milk.
7．He found it difficult to accustom himself to getting up early.
8．It is only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
[我的发现]
(1)it用作人称代词，代替上文提到的人或事物。(如例句1和2)
(2)it用作非人称代词，不指具体的东西，而是泛指时间、天气、距离、温度、环境等。(如例句3和4)
(3)it在答语中可代替指示代词this或that。(如例句5)
(4)it用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替动名词、不定式或从句。(如例句6和7)
(5)it用来构成强调句。(如例句8)
三、问题引领，知识探究
一、作人称代词
1．用于代替上文提到过的事物或整个句子所表述的事实
Don't blame me. It's not my idea.
不要责备我，不是我的主意。
This little dog is very lovely. It belongs to my neighbour.
那只小狗很可爱，是我邻居的。
2．用于指代人
(1)指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。
—Who's knocking at the door
谁在敲门？
—It must be my brother.
一定是我弟弟。
(2)指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时，也可用it来指人。
The baby is crying; maybe it's hungry.
那婴儿在哭，估计是饿了。
3．用于代替指示代词this和that
—Whose dictionary is that
那是谁的词典？
—It's mine.
我的。
即学即练1 完成句子　　　　　　　　　　　
①你不能吃蛋糕，那是我的。
You can't eat the cake and it's_mine．
②汤姆考试没及格。你听说了吗？
Tom has failed in the exam. Have_you_heard_of_it
③谁制造的噪音？
—Who is making such a noise
一定是那些孩子。
—It_must_be_the_children．
④这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。
The baby smiled when it_saw_its_mother．
二、作非人称代词
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称代词it。
It was 12 o'clock but he hadn't turned up.
12点了，他却还没有露面。
Is it still raining
还在下雨吗？
It's over 200 miles from London to Manchester.
从伦敦到曼彻斯特有200多英里。
即学即练2 写出下列句子it指代的内容
①It was 12 o'clock when they came out of the hall.时间
②It's damp and cold. I think it's going to rain.天气
③It'll be lovely in the garden tonight.环境
④How far is it from your office to the bank？距离
三、作形式主语
当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，通常把它们置于句末作真正的主语，而使用it作形式主语。
1．代替动词不定式
常用句型为：
(1)It be＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.
该句型中的不定式短语是真正 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词(即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语的)。常见的形容词有bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice, polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong等。
It's clever of you to do like this.
你这样做很聪明。
(2)It be＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.
该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )式的逻辑主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况(即句中的形容词是修饰动词不定式的)。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, impossible, pleasant等。
It is necessary f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or older people to understand what they think and feel.
年长的人有必要了解他们在想些什么，他们有什么感觉。
(3)It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事要花费某人一段时间。
It took me three hours to finish the work.
我花了三个小时才做完这项工作。
(4)It be＋adj.＋to do sth.
It is important to master a foreign language.
掌握一门外语很重要。
2．代替动名词
常用句型为：
It's useless/(of) no use/(of)no good doing sth.
该句型常译为“做……也是徒然的/没有益处的”，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(＝not any use), no good(＝not any good)等。
It is no use going there so early.
这么早去那里没有用。
3．代替主语从句
常用句型为：
(1)It be＋形容词(clear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), possible, obvious, certain, difficult, likely, important ...)＋主语从句。
It is uncertain whether he can come to Mary's birthday party or not.
他能否参加玛丽的生日聚会还不确定。
(2)It be＋v. ed(sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id, reported, thought, believed, hoped, known, decided ...)＋主语从句。
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the accident.
据报道，在这起事故中有16人丧生。
It is not yet decided who will perform the operation on the patient.
由谁给病人做手术还没有确定下来。
(3)It be＋名词(a pity, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a shame, a surprise, an honour, a fact, a good thing ...)＋主语从句
It's a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
你错过了那场令人兴奋的足球比赛，真遗憾！
(4)It happens (seems/looks/appears/occurs to sb.) that ...
It seems that there is no way out of our difficulty.
似乎我们无法摆脱困难了。
即学即练3
3 1.完成句子
①跟他争论这件事是没有用的。
It_is_no_use_arguing_about the matter with him.
②奇怪的是你竟然能在如此短的时间内完成如此艰巨的任务。
It's_a_wonder_th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at you could finish such a hard task in such a short time.
3 2.句型转换
①That he doesn't like it is very clear.
→It is very clear that he doesn't like it.
②He is said to have gone abroad.
→It is said that he has gone abroad.
③It's important that she (should) come to the party.
→It's important for her to come to the party.
④He happened to be working at that time.
→It happened that he was working at that time.
四、作形式宾语
1．用于“主语＋及物动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常使用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.
他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。
He made it clear that he hated me.
他表达得很明确，他讨厌我。
[点津]　为了便于记忆，可以把该句型称为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“6123结构”：6指的是句中常用的六个谓语动词：think/believe/consider/feel/find/make；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词或宾语从句。
2．在动词appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love等后代替if或when等引导的从句。
I would appreciate it if you could come.
如果你能来我会很感激。
3．在动词have(表明；坚持说 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))，take(认为；猜想)，hide(隐瞒), publish (公布), put(表达；写出来)等后代替that引导的宾语从句。
I take it that you don't agree with me.
我认为你不同意我的见解。
4．在短语动词answer fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r (担保)，count on (期待), depend on, insist on, see to (确保)等后代替that引导的宾语从句。
I am counting on it that you will come.
我期待着你的到来。
See to it that you are here punctually tomorrow.
明天你务必要准时到这里。
即学即练4 完成句子
①我认为能被邀请参加晚宴是很大的荣幸。
I consider_it_a_great_honor_to_be_invited to dinner.
②我认为没有必要跟他谈这件事。
I think it_no_need_talking_about it with him.
③每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。
I make_it_a_rule_that I read English every morning.
④我讨厌有人满嘴的食物，还在说个不停。
I hate_it_when people speak with a mouthful of food.
⑤我认为你会很快离开上海。
I take_it_that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
四、目标检测
句型转换
1．To finish the job on time seems impossible.
→It seems impossible to finish the job on time.
2．Discussing the subject again is no use.
→It is no use discussing the subject again.
3．That the boss was behaving pretty strangely struck me.
→It struck me that the boss was behaving pretty strangely.
4．He is likely to come to the party.
→It is likely that he will come to the party.
5．Tom is believed to win the race.
→It is believed that Tom will win the race.
6．He seems to have known the truth.
→It seems that he has known the truth.
7．As is reported, another satellite has been put into orbit.
→It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit.
8．He found (that) it was not easy to learn English well.
→He found it not easy to learn English well.
9．I think it is no good reading in bed.
→I think it no good reading in bed.
10．I feel it is my duty that I should devote myself to teaching.
→I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching.
五、分层配餐
1．We feel ______ our duty to make our country a better place.
A．it　　　　　　　　　 B．this
C．that D．one
解析：选A。考查代词。句意：我们认为把我们的国家建设得更好是我们的职责。根据句意可知，it 在句中作形式宾语，代替后面的不定式，故选A项。
2．The fact t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat she was foreign made ________ difficult for her to get a job in that country.
A．so B．much
C．that D．it
解析：选D。考查代词辨析。此处 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it用作形式宾语，代替后面的动词不定式短语to get a job in that country，形式主语和宾语只能用it，不用其他代词。
3．I like this h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouse with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy ________．
A．one B．it
C．this D．that
解析：选B。句意：我喜欢这套前面带美丽花园的房子，但是我没有足够的钱去买它。用it替代前面提到的this house。
4．________ is ver ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y clear to everyone that he's round and tall like a tree.
A．This B．What
C．That D．It
解析：选D。句意：大家都非常清楚他又圆又高像一棵树。此处it作形式主语替代后面的that从句。
5．—Who knocked at the door
—I've no idea. I jus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t pretended nobody was at home, so I didn't ask who ________ was.
A．he B．she
C．it D．that
解析：选C。句意：“谁敲的门啊？”“我不知道，我只是装作没人在家，所以也没问是谁。”在不清楚所提及的人的性别时，一般用it来指代。
6．________ is no good________ without doing anything.
A．This; talking B．It; to talk
C．That; to talk D．It; talking
解析：选D。It's no use/good doing sth.为固定结构，意为“做某事没有用/没好处”。其中 it 为形式主语。
7．Tom's mother k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ept telling him that he should work hard, but ________ didn't help.
A．he B．which
C．she D．it
解析：选D。句意：汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他应该努力学习，但那不起作用。由此可排除A、C两选项，由句中的连词but可以排除B选项。此处it指代前面整个句子。
8．I enjoy ________ when the sun shines brightly and then I can take a walk on the beach.
A．it B．that
C．this D．them
解析：选A。表示“喜、怒、哀 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、乐”的动词，如enjoy, like, love, prefer, appreciate, hate等往往用it作形式宾语，再跟when/if等引导的宾语从句。
9．—There is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ________？
—No, I'd rather buy ________ in the bookstore.
A．it; one B．one; one
C．one; it D．it; it
解析：选A。句意：“图书馆里还有一本这样 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的书，你愿意去借吗？”“不，我宁愿到书店买一本。”第一个空指上文提到的书，是特指，因此用it；第二个空指任意一本这样的书，是泛指，故用one替代同类中的一个。
10．________ is know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n that the old scientist, for ________ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.
A．It; whom B．As; whom
C．As; whose D．What; whom
解析：选A。句意：我们都知道，那位老科 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学家80多岁的时候还在工作，对他来说过去的生活是艰苦的。It是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；第二空的whom引导定语从句，修饰先行词the old scientist。
五步教学设计教学案： 主备人：杨荣月
选修六: Unit 3
Unit 3 A healthy life
Section Ⅳ　Learning about Language & Using Language　
教学目标：让学生掌握本单元重点词汇、短语和句型。
教学重点：牢记并学会使用这些短语和句型。
教学难点：学生对重点词汇和短语的掌握和运用
二、预习导学
正确拼写单词
(一)根据英文释义及首字母提示写出单词
1．pill:_a small solid piece of medicine
2．prejudice:_an unreasonable dislike and distrust
3．cigar:_a tube of dried tobacco leaves that people smoke
4．awkward:_causi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng difficult or uncomfortable feelings; lacking skill in moving (parts of) the body easily
(二)根据词性和汉语意思写出单词
5．illegal adj.不合法的； 违法的→legal adj.合法的
6．survival n．幸存； 幸存者→survive v．活下来； 幸存； 幸免于→survivor n．生还者； 幸存者
7．sex n．性； 性别→sexual adj.性的； 性别的
8．male adj.男性的； 雄性的n.男人； 雄性动(植)物→female adj.女性的； 雌性的n.雌性的动(植)物； 女人
9．judgement n．看法； 判决； 判断→judge v．判决； 判断n.裁判； 判官
10．abortion n．流产； 中途失败→abort v．(使)中止； 夭折； (使)流产
11．embarrasse ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d adj.尴尬的； 陷入困境的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的； 使人难堪的→embarrass vt.使尴尬； 使窘迫→embarrassment n．尴尬； 窘迫
三、问题引领，知识探究
考点1 in spite of不顾；不管
教材原句 In spite of all h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is efforts he failed. He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying. 尽管他已经竭尽全力，但仍然失败了。他自己如此苦恼以至于他想哭。
In spite of the hot weather they still run in the playground.
尽管天气炎热，他们仍在操场上跑步。
[归纳拓展]
不管；不顾虽然；尽管
I studied very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hard at English in spite of the fact that I didn't pass the examination.
尽管那次考试我没有及格，我依然努力学习英语。
[辨析比较]　in spite of/despite, though/although, as
in spite of/despite 都是介词，所以后面不接让步状语从句，而是接名词、代词或动名词作宾语
though/although 引导让步状语从句，though可用倒装语序，although则不能
as 引导让步状语从句，但从句需要用倒装语序
[多角度演练]
1．选词填空： in spite of/despite, though/although, as
①In_spite_of/Despite the heavy snow, he managed to come.
②Though/Although he is very old, he works hard.
③Pretty as/though she is, she is not clever.
2．一句多译
④尽管他腿部受了伤，但他还是设法爬上了楼。
→In_spite_of/Despit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e_his_wounded_leg,_he managed to get up the stairs.
→Although/Though/In_s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pite_of_the_fact_that_his_leg_was_wounded,_he managed to get up the stairs.
→Wounded_as/though_his_leg_was,_he managed to get up the stairs.
3．单项填空
⑤My brother ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )took part in the football match and scored a goal ________ the injury to his left leg.
A．in case of　　　　　　　　 B．in spite of
C．in honor of D．in charge of
解析：选B。句意：尽管我哥哥左腿受伤了，但他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )还是参加了足球比赛，而且进了一个球。in case of“万一”； in spite of“虽然；尽管”； in honor of“为纪念……”； in charge of“负责；掌管”。根据题意选B项。
考点2 take risks (a risk)冒险
教材原句 He felt he had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks. 他感到每一步都得做出决定而不是冒险。
Everyone who wants to succeed must take risks.
每一个想要成功的人都需要冒险。
He really took a risk to sign his name on that paper.
他在那个文件上签字实在是冒险的举动。
[归纳拓展]
at risk 　　　　　　　　　处境危险at the risk of ... 冒……的危险risk one's life to do sth. 冒着生命危险做某事risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
He said it at the risk of losing his job.
他冒着失业的危险说了这件事。
Don't they need to risk doing so when just graduating from school
他们刚从学校毕业，难道真需要冒险这样做吗？
He risked his life to help others escape.
他冒着生命危险帮助别人逃生。
[多角度演练]
1．用所给词的适当形式填空
①He risked his life to_save (save) the old man from the fire.
②He risked being_cau ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ght (catch) and killed to steal salt for the Red Army.
2．完成句子
③They went to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at place immediately at_the_risk_of_losing_their_lives (冒着失去生命的危险)．
3．单项填空
④He got well ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk________the good opportunity.
A．to lose　　　　　　　　　　 B．losing
C．to be lost D．being lost
解析：选B。考查动词用法。句意：他为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这次工作面试进行了充分准备，因为他不能冒险失去这次好机会。risk用作动词时，后面接动名词作宾语，排除A、C。D项表示被动，不符合句意。故选B。
考点3 get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)；养成(习惯)
教材原句 Of course the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place！当然，对付毒品的最好的方法是首先就别养成(吸毒的)习惯。
He had got into the habit of stealing long before.
他早就染上了偷窃的习惯。
If you break law again, you will get into trouble.
你若再违反法律，你会弄出大麻烦的。
[归纳拓展]
get along　　　　　　进展；相处get across (使)通过；(使)被理解get down to 静下心来做某事get through 穿越(马路)；通过；接通电话；经历get over 越过；克服困难；痊愈
How can I get it across to him how important this is
我怎么做才能让他理解这件事的重要性？
After the supper, the girl got down to her homework.
晚饭后，女孩开始做功课。
[多角度演练]
1．介、副词填空
①Don't get into the habit of depending on others.
②Don't you think it's time to get down to business
③Did you get through your examination
④Some people never really get over the early death of a person.
2．单项填空
⑤How can he ________ without money for food during the journey
A．get down　　　　　　　 B．get along
C．get into D．get together
解析：选B。get along“进展；进行”。句意：没有钱买食物他如何能够坚持行程呢？
考点4 embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的
教材原句 Then she offered me a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cigarette and I felt so embarrassed and awkward. 然后她递给我一支烟，我感到尴尬和局促不安。
[归纳拓展]
be/feel embarrassed to do sth.　　对做某事感到尴尬be/feel embarrassed about/at/by 对……感到难为情
He was embarrassed to admit making a mistake.
他很尴尬地承认犯了一个错误。
I felt embarrassed about how untidy the house was.
这房子太不整洁了，我对此感到很难为情。
[word family]
embarrass vt.　　　　　使尴尬；使窘迫
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
embarrassment n. 尴尬；窘迫
His impolite q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uestions embarrassed me, making me tongue tied momentarily.
他那不礼貌的问题使我很尴尬，让我一时无语对答。
I don't like making speeches in public; it's so embarrassing.
我不喜欢在公开场合演说，太难为情了。
[多角度演练]
1．用embarrass的适当形式填空
①That incident has embarrassed the local government.
②It is embarrassing that our streets are so dirty.
③I could not hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de my embarrassment at my shabby clothes in such a situation.
2．单句改错
④What she said made me very embarrassing.
embarrassing→embarrassed
⑤He was embarrassed from his heavy overcoat.
from→by/about/at
3．单项填空
⑥He felt________ as soon as he realized that he had asked a foolish question.
A．bored　　　　　　　　　 B．displeased
C．embarrassed D．disappointed
解析：选C。句意：他一意识到自己问 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了一个愚蠢的问题就感到尴尬。embarrassed“尴尬的；困窘的”，符合句意。bored“厌烦的”； displeased“不满意的”； disappointed“失望的”。
It_is only when the d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
该句使用了强调句型It is ... that/who(m) ...，被强调部分为原句中的时间状语从句only when ... to AIDS。该句还可转换为另外一种句型，也能表达完全相同的强调效果，即“Only when the disease has progressed to AIDS does a person begin to look sick.”这种句型把状语提前，句子采用倒装结构。
It is only when we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )get ill that we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy.
只有当我们生病的时候，才开始认识到保持健康的重要性。
强调句的一般疑问句式 Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who(m)＋其他成分？
强调句的特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who(m)＋其他成分？
not ...until的强调句式 It was/is not until ...that ...
Was it at eight o'clock that you began to work
你是在八点钟开始工作的吗？
How was it that you managed to get out of the bus on fire
你究竟是怎么从着火的公交车里爬出来的？
It was not until ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the fish died in the river that the farmers knew the river was polluted.
直到河里的鱼死了，农民们才知道河水被污染了。
[关键一点]
把“It is/was, that/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )who(m)”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整(被强调部分要还原到原位置)，那么这个句子就是强调句； 如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。
[多角度演练]
1．句型转换(对划线部分进行强调)
①I met an_old_friend in the park yesterday.
→It_was_an_old_friend_that/who(m)_I_met_in_the_park_yesterday.
②I didn't get your letter until_yesterday．
→It_was_not_until_yesterday_that_I_got_your_letter.
2．选词填空： that, when
③It was last night that Anne had a heavy cold.
④It was November when the weather was very cold.
⑤It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.
3．单项填空
⑥(2011·四川高考)W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as it on a lonely island______he was saved one month after the boat went down
A．where B．that
C．which D．what
解析：选B。考查强调句型。强调句的结构是：“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子的其他部分”，表示“正是……”或“就是……”。强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it ...that/who ...
四、目标检测
选词填空
in spite of, take a/the risk of, get into, out of breath, make up one's mind
1．The girl has got_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )into the habit of playing with her hair while reading.
2．In_spite_of great e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fforts, we failed to carry out our plans through.
3．Have you made_up_your_mind to quit smoking
4．After the 800 metre race, the girls were out_of_breath．
5．We don't want to take_the_risk_of losing their business.
五、分层配餐
单项填空
1．(2011·重庆高考)—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree
— Of course, I have.It was in our village______it was made.
A．that　　　　　　　　　　　 B．where
C．when D．which
解析：选A。考查强调句型。 问话人询问对方是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )否看过《山楂树之恋》这部电影， 答话人回答说当然看过， 这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。 本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。
2．I can't advise you what to do. You must use your own ________．
A．ideal B．guesswork
C．justice D．judgement
解析：选D。句意：我不能给你提建议。你 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )必须依靠你自己的判断。judgement“判断”，符合题意。guesswork“猜测”；justice“正义；公正”；ideal“理想”，都不符合题意。
3．The open air celebration has been put off ________ the bad weather.
A．in case of B．in spite of
C．instead of D．because of
解析：选D。句意：由于天 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )气恶劣取消了露天庆祝大会。because of意为“因为”，符合题意。in case of“假设；万一”；in spite of“尽管”；instead of“代替；而不是”。
4．I felt ________ when I had to sing songs in front of my classmates.
A．embarrassed B．frightened
C．willing D．amazed
解析：选A。从had to sing看 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )出主语“我”不得不唱歌，因此“感到很尴尬”，故选A项。frightened“受惊的；受恐吓的”；willing“乐意的；自愿的”；amazed“感到吃惊的”。句意：不得不在同学面前唱歌令我尴尬。
5．Peter was so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) excited________he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
A．where B．that
C．why D．when
解析：选D。考查状语从句。when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。句意：当彼得收到朋友参观重庆的邀请时，他很激动。其他选项不合题意。
6．Don't have any ________ against women. They can do as well as men.
A．prejudice B．exchange
C．effect D．load
解析：选A。prejud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ice“偏见；成见”。effect“结果；效力”；load“负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)”；exchange“交换；交流，互换”。句意：不要对妇女有偏见，她们和男同志干得一样好。
7．Once you ________ the habit of smoking, it is very hard to quit.
A．get over B．get into
C．get through D．get round
解析：选B。考查动词短语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )辨析。句意：一旦你染上了吸烟的习惯，就很难戒掉。get into“陷入；染上”，符合句意。get over“克服(困难，偏见)”；get through“完成；通过；接通电话”；get round“传开；走动”。
8．Some animals are ________ on land, but quite at home in the water.
A．comfortable B．awkward
C．unconscious D．inconvenient
解析：选B。句意：有些动物在陆地上行动笨拙， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )但在水里却运动自如。awkward“笨拙的；不灵活的”，符合题意。comfortable“舒适的”；unconscious“无意识的”；inconvenient“不方便的”。
9．This computer virus is spreading and all online users are ________．
A．at crossroads B．in control
C．in doubt D．at risk
解析：选D。句意：这些计算机病毒在传播 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，所有在线用户都有危险。at risk“有危险”，符合题意。at crossroads“在十字路口；处于紧要关头”；in control“在控制之下”；in doubt“存在疑问”。
10．I really don't know ________ I had my money stolen.
A．when was it that B．that it was when
C．where it was that D．it was where that
解析：选C。分析语境可知说话人想强调不知是在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )何时或何地被偷了钱，应用when/where was it that结构。又因为强调句作know的宾语，应用陈述句语序，故选C项。
Ⅰ.多项选择(湖北专用)
1．I can't advise you what to do. You must use your own ________．
A．ideal B．guesswork
C．justice D．judgement
解析：选D。句意：我不能给 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )你提建议。你必须依靠你自己的判断。judgement“判断”，符合题意。guesswork“猜测”；justice“正义；公正”；ideal“理想”，都不符合题意。
2．The open air celebration has been put off ________ the bad weather.
A．in case of B．in spite of
C．instead of D．because of
解析：选D。句意：由于天气 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )恶劣取消了露天庆祝大会。because of意为“因为”，符合题意。in case of“假设；万一”；in spite of“尽管”；instead of“代替；而不是”。
3．I felt ________ when I had to sing songs in front of my classmates.
A．embarrassed B．frightened
C．willing D．amazed
解析：选A。从had to sing看出主语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“我”不得不唱歌，因此“感到很尴尬”，故选A项。frightened“受惊的；受恐吓的”；willing“乐意的；自愿的”；amazed“感到吃惊的”。句意：不得不在同学面前唱歌令我尴尬。
4．Don't have any ________ against women. They can do as well as men.
A．prejudice B．exchange
C．effect D．load
解析：选A。prejudice“偏见；成见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”。effect“结果；效力”；load“负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)”；exchange“交换；交流，互换”。句意：不要对妇女有偏见，她们和男同志干得一样好。
5．Once you ________ the habit of smoking, it is very hard to quit.
A．get over B．get into
C．get through D．get round
解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：一旦你 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )染上了吸烟的习惯，就很难戒掉。get into“陷入；染上”，符合句意。get over“克服(困难，偏见)”；get through“完成；通过；接通电话”；get round“传开；走动”。
6．Some animals are ________ on land, but quite at home in the water.
A．comfortable B．awkward
C．unconscious D．inconvenient
解析：选B。句意：有些动物在陆地上行动笨拙 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，但在水里却运动自如。awkward“笨拙的；不灵活的”，符合题意。comfortable“舒适的”；unconscious“无意识的”；inconvenient“不方便的”。
7．This computer virus is spreading and all online users are ________．
A．at crossroads B．in control
C．in doubt D．at risk
解析：选D。句意：这些计算机病毒在传 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )播，所有在线用户都有危险。at risk“有危险”，符合题意。at crossroads“在十字路口；处于紧要关头”；in control“在控制之下”；in doubt“存在疑问”。
8．The ________ on driving after drinking alcohol is being carried out all over the country, which is helpful to reduce the traffic accidents and deaths.
A．ban B．judgement
C．aim D．withdrawal
解析：选A。考查名词辨析。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句中说的是“禁酒令”，故用ban“禁令”。judgement“看法；判决”；aim “目标”；withdrawal “收回；撤退”。
9．Doctors are doing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) research to find out what happens physically when people ________ smoking.
A．quit B．decline
C．depart D．reserve
解析：选A。考查词语辨析。句意：医生们正在做研究为了发现当人们戒烟时，他们身体上会发生什么情况。quit“放弃；停止”，后常接doing。decline“下降”；depart“起程”；reserve“预订”，都不符合语境。
10．The job is dangerous so the machine is to be ________ controlled.
A．eventually B．effectively
C．automatically D．faithfully
解析：选C。automatically“无 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意识地；自动地”，常用于修饰某人的动作或某种机器的操作。eventually“最后；终于”；effectively“有效地”；faithfully“忠实地”。句意：这个工作很危险，因此，这机器要自动控制。
语境翻译
一旦人得了艾滋病就会处境危险(at ris ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k)，而且生存(survival)的机会很小。为了避免陷入(get into)这样的困境，我们一定不要冒险(take risks)像吸毒之类的事情。当我们和艾滋病人相处时，会感到尴尬(embarrassed and awkward)，但我们不应对他们有偏见(prejudice)，因为日常接触不会传染病毒。
参考答案：
Once a person devel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ops AIDS, he will be at risk and the chance for his survival is very small. In order to avoid getting into such trouble, we mustn't take risks at such things as taking drugs. When we are together with AIDS patients we will feel embarrassed and awkward, but we should not have a prejudice against them, for daily touch won't spread the virus.
五步教学设计教学案： 主备人：杨荣月
选修六: Unit 3
Unit 3 A healthy life
Section Ⅴ　Writing　
教学目标：让学生掌握如何写回复建议的信件。
教学重点：掌握回复建议信件的写作要旨
教学难点：能根据所学内容写一篇回复建议的信
二、预习导学
如何回复建议信
写回复建议信时，首先要分析问题，表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )明自己的观点；其次，针对问题提出建议，并说明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。同时应注意以下几点：
1．信件要素齐全：通常由六部分构成：信头 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(发信人的地址和发信日期)、信内地址(收信人姓名、职位、地址等)、称呼、正文、结束语和签名。有时信头和信内地址可省略。
2．态度谦恭理智：要考虑到作为写信者的适当语气和角色身份，委婉地提出建议及改进措施，或提出忠告。
3．简明扼要，以理服人：针对问题提出解决方法时，一定要语气柔和，态度明确，逻辑分明，重点突出，让对方感到“纳而有因，拒而有理”。
[常用句式]
1．首段：引出问题。
①I am sorry you have had so much trouble in ...
②You have ask ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed for my advice on ... and I will try to make some suggestions.
③I feel greatly honored to be trusted ...
2．主体：提出建议。
①In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following action.
②First of all, ...；Meanwhile, ...; In addition, ...
③It's important for you to ...
3．结尾：提出期望。
①Cheer up！Your troubles will soon be over.
②Where there is a will, there is a way.
③Don't lose heart, whatever happens.
④I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.
⑤Please let me know if I can help further.
三、问题引领，知识探究
[题目要求]
假设你是李华。你的英国笔友Jo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hn写信告诉你近日他由于沉迷于电脑游戏，健康受到很大影响。他十分焦虑。请你根据以下要点提示，给他写一封回信，建议他养成良好的生活习惯。
要点：
1．限制玩游戏的时间，把精力逐渐转移到其他事情上；
2．规定起床和睡觉的时间，形成良好的作息习惯；
3．每天锻炼半小时，增强体质。
注意：
1．词数100～120，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[写作储备]
一、对接单元词汇
1．限制　　　　　　　　limit
2．沉迷于 be_addicted_to
3．对……有不利影响 have_a_bad_effect_on_...
4．除去 get_rid_of/remove
5．养成……的习惯 get_into_a_habit_of_...
6．增强体质 strengthen_one's_health
二、巧用单元句型、语法
(一)完成句子
1．你沉迷于电脑游戏。
You are_addicted_to computer games.
2．计算机游戏对你的健康有坏的影响。
Computer games have had_a_bad_effect_on your health.
3．我得知后很伤心。
I'm sorry_to_hear it.
4．作为朋友，我愿意给你提些建议。
As a friend, I'm willing_to_give you some advice.
5．我帮助你戒除掉。
I help you get_rid_of it.
6．我希望你能戒掉电脑游戏以过上健康的生活。
I hope that you can get_rid_of_computer_games_to_live_a_healthy_life．
(二)根据要求，用以上6个句子进行句式升级
升级一：用宾语从句和定语从句合并句1、2、3
I'm_sorry_to_hear_that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_you're_addicted_to_computer_games_which_have_had_a_bad_effect_on_your_health.
升级二：用动词不定式合并句4、5
As_a_friend,_I'm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_willing_to_give_you_some_advice_to_help_you_get_rid_of_it.
升级三：强调第6句谓语hope
I_do_hope_that_you_can_get_rid_of_computer_games_to_live_a_healthy_life.
四、目标检测
尝试用单元所学知识连句成篇
Dear John，
I'm sorry to hear t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat you're addicted to computer games which have had a bad influence on your health. I know you worry about it very much.As a friend, I'm willing to give you some advice to help you get rid of it.
Firstly, you sho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld limit the time that you play computer games and pay more attention to other things such as attending all kinds of activities after school and making friends. Secondly, you should get up and go to bed at a specific time so that you can get into a regular habit of getting up and going to bed. Last but not least, you should do some exercise for about half an hour to strengthen your health every day.
I do hope that yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u can get rid of computer games to live a healthy life.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
五、分层配餐
完形填空
I gave up smoking o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n April 1, 2012. I wanted to __1__ for many reasons, but there are two most urgent reasons. Firstly, I was waiting for the arrival of my new grandchild who would be __2__ in our house, so I would not be able to smoke in the house any longer. Secondly, my other son and his wife were in __3__ need of free babysitting to free them from the enormous __4__ of childcare for their three children so they could buy a house.
I had been smoking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for 37 years and was smoking at least 50 cigarettes a day. I had tried to stop smoking __5__ in the past, so I thought about all the __6__ why I wasn't successful and decided to make it this time. I __7__ a date on which I would stop in order to force myself. I purchased nicotine patches(贴片)to cure the headaches and __8__ from nicotine withdrawa