中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023中考英语最后冲刺必读必背必练(二)
单项选择之非谓语动词篇
单项选择之句式篇
完形填空之人物故事类
完形填空之生活哲理类
完形填空之说明建议类
单项选择之非谓语动词篇
构成:to + 动词原形
动词不定式
作用:作除谓语外的任何成分
构成:v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)
动词的非谓语形式 分词
作用:表、定、状、补
构成:v.-ing
动名词
作用:主、宾、表、定
考点 用法
动词不定式(to do) ① 基本形式:to+动词原形 否定形式:not + to + 动词原形 ※ 有些情况下to要省略。 ② 句法功能:作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语。 ③ 不定式和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个名词性从句。
动名词 ① 基本形式:动词原形 + -ing ② 句法功能:动名词主要起名词作用,在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。
动词不定式和动名词的区别 ① 有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式,又可跟动名词 作宾语,意义有所区别。 ② 有些动词后面只能跟动词不定式作宾语,有些则只能跟动名词作宾语。
中考预测
一、非谓语动词的考查内容主要有动词不定式和动词-ing
两种形式。动词不定式主要考查其作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语及"疑问词+不定式"等的用法;动词-ing形式主要考查其作主语、表语、宾语、定语等用法。
二、分析近几年中考真题对非谓语动词的考查可以发现,动词不定式是高频考点,动名词为轮考点。对动词不定式的考查主要在单项填空中考查其作目的状语和固定搭配的用法。
1.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)Whether sportsmen, sportswomen or volunteers, people used their skills and warmth ________ the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.
A.make B.making C.made D.to make
【答案】D
【详解】句意:无论是男运动员、女运动员还是志愿者,人们都用自己的技能和热情使2022年北京冬奥会取得了辉煌的成功。考查非谓语动词。根据“people used their skills and warmth…the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.”可知,人们用自己的技能和热情的目的是让2022北京冬奥会取得成功,此处为不定式表目的。故选D。
2.(2022·上海·中考真题)The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country.
A.sell B.selling C.to sell D.sold
【答案】C
【详解】句意:互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语enable sb to do sth“使某人能做某事”。故选C。
3.(2022·江苏盐城·中考真题)Good news comes that China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space ________ the unknown world.
A.explore B.explored C.exploring D.to explore
【答案】D
【详解】句意:好消息来了,中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空去探索未知的世界。考查非谓语动词。explore探索,动词原形;explored探索,动词过去式或过去分词;exploring探索,动名词或现在分词;to explore探索,动词不定式。根据“China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space”和“the unknown world”可知,中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空,其目的是探索未知的世界,动词不定式表目的。故选D。
4.(2022·吉林长春·中考真题)________ heavy traffic, please get up and set out early.
A.To avoid B.Avoid C.Avoiding D.Avoided
【答案】A
【详解】句意:为了避免交通拥挤,请早点起床出发。考查非谓语动词。根据“heavy traffic, please get up and set out early”可知,早点起床出发的目的是为了避免交通拥挤,用动词不定式表目的,故选A。
5.(2022·湖南株洲·中考真题)________ a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other.
A.Create B.To create C.Creating
【答案】B
【详解】句意:为了创造一个共享未来,我们应该向彼此学习并帮助彼此。
考查不定式用法。create创造。选项A是动词原形;选项B是动词不定式;选项C是动词的ing形式。空格上需填一个动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了”。故选B。
6.(2022·广西玉林·中考真题)—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.
A.swim; to follow B.swim; following
C.swimming; following D.swimming; to follow
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——安全第一! 每个人都应该阻止孩子们在湖里或河里游泳。——生命是宝贵的。 孩子们必须记住遵守校规。考查非谓语动词。stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”,动名词作宾语,排除AB;remember to do sth.“记得要做某事”,remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”;根据“Kids must remember...the school rules”可知是记得要遵守规则,故此处用动词不定式作宾语,排除C。故选D。
7.(2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题)— Hou can I prevent COVID-19, Dad
—________ healthy, you should always wear a mask and wash hands frequently.
A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep
【答案】C
【详解】句意:爸爸,我该如何预防新冠病毒?——为了保持健康,你应该经常戴口罩,经常洗手。考查非谓语动词。空处是动词不定式做目的状语。故选C。
8.(2022·西藏·中考真题)________ too much sweet food will make people get fat.
A.Eating B.Eats C.Eat D.Ate
【答案】A
【详解】句意:吃太多甜食会使人发胖。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处在句中作主语,应填动名词,故选A。
9.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Most teenagers like humorous TV shows.
—Me too. I can’t help ________ when I watch them.
A.laughing B.to laugh C.laughed D.laugh
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——大多数青少年喜欢幽默的电视节目。——我也是。当我看他们的时候,我忍不住笑了。
考查非谓语动词。根据“I can’t help …when I watch them.”可知,can’t help doing sth“忍不住要做某事”。故选A。
10.(2022·上海·中考真题)The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day.
A.practise B.practising C.to practise D.practised
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。考查非谓语动词。spend some time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”,应用动名词作宾语。故选B。
11.(2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题)There is no doubt _________ Harry Potter is worth _________.
A.whether, read B.if; to read C.that; reading D.as; being read
【答案】C
【详解】句意:毫无疑问,《哈利波特》值得一读。考查宾语从句。doubt用在否定句中,引导词用that,there is no doubt that“毫无疑问……”,固定句型;be worth doing sth“值得做某事”,故选C。
12.(2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题)An old man ________ on the side of the road was found ________, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A.lies; dies B.lay; died C.lain; dead D.lying; dying
【答案】D
【详解】句意:一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息,他被巴士司机和乘客立即送往医院。考查词义辨析。lies说谎,躺;lay躺(过去式)或放置(动词原形);lain躺(过去分词);lying躺(现在分词)或说谎(现在分词)。第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”,用现在分词作定语。dies死亡,动词三单;died死亡,动词过去式;dead死亡的,形容词;dying垂死的,形容词。根据“he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.”可知,还有生命体征,处于垂死边缘,第二空应填形容词dying,故选D。
13.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room.
A.dance B.dancing C.to dance
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我经过她的房间时,我看到莉莉在跳舞。考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事”;see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。根据“when I passed her room.”可知,此处是指看到莉莉正在跳舞。故选B。
14.(2022·贵州黔西·中考真题)Most of the students are looking forward to ________ themselves after the exams.
A.work B.working C.relax D.relaxing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:大多数学生都期待着考试后放松自己。考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。work工作;relax放松。根据“after the exams.”可知,考试过后应该是放松,可排除AB选项;固定短语look forward to doing sth.“期待着做某事”。故选D。
15.(2022·广西河池·中考真题)I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A.read B.reading C.reads D.to read
【答案】B
【详解】句意:周末我通常在图书馆看书。本题考查动词spend的用法。“花费时间做某事”的英文表达为“spend time (in) doing”,所以应选择动名词形式reading。故选B。
非谓语动词解题七大原则
原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式。
原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用-ing。
原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing或不定式,其区别是,一般用-ing,表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之外。
原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式;如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用-ing的被动式。
原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。
原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式)。
原则七:用于名词后作定语时:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生;用-ing,表示动作正在进行;用过去分词,表示动作被动、完成。
1.(2023·山东青岛·校联考一模)I must go now, I promised ______ late.
A.not being B.not be C.not to be D.I won’t be
2.(2023·辽宁大连·统考一模)Let’s have a break. We will meet later ________ the problem again.
A.discuss B.discussed C.discussing D.to discuss
3.(2022·广西柳州·统考三模)Can the students use the ways they enjoy ________ the passage
A.read B.reading C.to read
4.(2023·山东滨州·统考一模)—How can I prevent the flu, Dad
—________ healthy, you should always wear a mask and wash hands frequently.
A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep D.In order that
5.(2023·江苏扬州·统考一模)It doesn’t take much ________ the water supply system of your home.
A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.to improving
6.(2023·广西崇左·统考一模)It’s no use _______ over spilt milk.
A.cry B.to cry C.crying
7.(2023·云南昆明·昆明八中校考二模)—My mother won’t let me ________ TV on school days.
—Maybe she’s right. You should spend more time on your study.
A.watch B.watched C.watching D.to watch
8.(2023·江苏盐城·统考一模)________ our dream, we should work hard and never give up.
A.Achieve B.Achieved C.Achieving D.To achieve
9.(2023·湖南岳阳·统考一模)I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A.read B.reading C.to read
10.(2022·江苏苏州·校考一模)He devoted what he paid attention ________ it possible for women ________ better education.
A.to making; to receive B.to making; to receiving C.to to making; to receive D.to to making; receive
11.(2023·河北邯郸·统考一模)—Do you remember the astronauts ______ you classes in the space station
—They are Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.
A.give B.giving C.to give D.gave
12.(2023·湖南岳阳·统考一模)It is important to avoid ________ time and make good use of every minute.
A.wasting B.to waste C.wasted
13.(2023·江苏扬州·统考一模)China has worked with African countries ________ climate change and protect the environment.
A.fight B.to fight C.fighting D.fought
14.(2023·上海闵行·统考二模)Not only children but also adults desire ________ to the amusement park for fun.
A.go B.to go C.went D.going
15.(2023·上海闵行·统考二模)Alice has a good temper. She always avoids ________ with other students.
A.to argue B.argue C.argues D.arguing
参考答案:
1.C
【详解】句意:我现在必须走了,我答应过不迟到的。考查动词不定式和时态。promise (not) to do sth.“承诺(不)做某事”,所以排除A和B;promise后可接宾语从句,根据“I promised”可知,主句为一般过去时,从句应用过去将来时,D项时态为一般将来时,不符合语境。故选C。
2.D
【详解】句意:让我们休息一下。等会儿我们会再次碰面去讨论这个问题。考查动词不定式。根据“We will meet later”可知,句子已有谓语动词,这里用非谓语动词,根据句子,可知碰面是为了讨论问题。表目的,用动词不定式。故选D。
3.C
【详解】句意:学生可以用他们喜欢的方式阅读文章吗?考查非谓语动词。read阅读,动词;use sth. to do sth.“用某物做某事”,固定短语。故选C。
4.C
【详解】句意:——爸爸,我该如何预防流感?——为了保持健康,你应该经常戴口罩,经常洗手。
考查非谓语动词。Keep保持,动词原形;Keeping保持,现在分词;To keep保持,不定式表目的;In order that为了,后加句子。根据“healthy”可知是为了保持健康,空格处应用动词不定式做目的状语。故选C。
5.B
【详解】句意:改善你家的供水系统不需要花太多的钱。考查非谓语动词。根据“It doesn’t take much...the water supply system of your home.”可知,此处可用句式It takes+时间/金钱+to do sth.“花费时间或金钱做某事”,所以空处应是动词不定式to improve。故选B。
6.C
【详解】句意:覆水难收,哭也没用。考查非谓语动词。it is no use doing sth表示“做某事没有用”,固定短语。故选C。
7.A
【详解】句意:——我妈妈不让我在上学的日子看电视。——也许她是对的。你应该花更多的时间在学习上。考查非谓语动词。let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”,固定搭配。故选A。
8.D
【详解】句意:为了实现我们的梦想,我们应该努力工作,永不放弃。考查动词形式。Achieve“取得”,动词原形;Achieved“取得”,动词过去式;Achieving“取得”,动词现在分词;To achieve“取得”,to do不不定式。此空为不定式做目的状语。故选D。
9.B
【详解】句意:我通常在周末花时间在图书馆读书。考查动名词。根据“I usually spend time...”可知,此处是sb. spend time doing sth.“某人花费时间做某事”,所以空处应是动名词reading。故选B。
10.C
【详解】句意:他致力于他所关注的去使得妇女接受更好的教育成为可能。考查动名词和不定式结构。第一空“pay attention to”是固定搭配,意为“注意”;devote to doing“全身心投入到做某事”,因此第一空应是to to making;第二空是不定式结构to receive作真正宾语,it作形式宾语。故选C。
11.B
【详解】句意:——你还记得在空间站里给你上课的宇航员吗?——他们是翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富。
考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知此处是指“给你上课的宇航员”,所以空处和“you classes”是一起作后置定语修饰名词astronauts。the astronauts (who are) giving you classes这里加上who are则变为定语从句,省略则为现在分词作定语。故选B。
12.A
【详解】句意:避免浪费时间,充分利用每一分钟是很重要的。考查非谓语动词。根据avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”可知,此处要用动名词形式。故选A。
13.B
【详解】句意:中国与非洲国家一道努力应对气候变化,保护环境。考查非谓语动词。“China has worked with African countries”的目的是“fight climate change and protect the environment”,作目的状语用动词不定式。故选B。
14.B
【详解】句意:不仅孩子们而且成年人都想去游乐园玩。考查非谓语动词。desire to do sth“渴望做某事”,固定短语,所以空处用动词不定式,故选B。
15.D
【详解】句意:爱丽丝的脾气很好。她总是避免和其他学生争论。考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth“避免做某事”,固定短语,所以空处用动名词作宾语,故选D。
1.The suspect refused ________ any question until his lawyer arrived.
A.answer B.answering C.to answer D.to answering
2.Follow the instructions seriously, and you can avoid ________ into trouble at work.
A.get B.to get C.getting D.to getting
3.I spent as much time as I could ________ him with his English.
A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped
4.—What should I do ________ stupid mistakes in the Chinese exam
—Read the instructions carefully before answering the questions.
A.avoid make B.to avoid make C.avoid making D.to avoid making
5.If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on ________ every day.
A.improve, to practice B.improved, practicing
C.improving, to practice. D.to improve, practicing
6.The painting is really valuable to her. She will never agree ________ it.
A.sells B.sell C.to sell D.sold
7.________ time, we went to Shanghai by plane.
A.Save B.To Save C.Saving D.To saving
8.Environmental protection groups have advised governments ________ laws for all ocean life.
A.to developing B.to develop C.developing D.develop
9.It’s difficult for me ________ the cows.
A.milk B.to milk C.milking
10.The career he devoted himself to ________ him ________ by people all over the world.
A.made; remembered B.making; remember
C.making; was remembered D.made; to remember
11.The boy offered ________ his seat to the elderly man.
A.gives B.to give C.gave D.giving
12.—Mum, I am not good at writing English compositions. I almost lose my confidence.
—Please don’t expect _________ everything when you study. After all, practice makes perfect.
A.to do well in B.being good at C.to be good with
13.________ with gasoline cars, electric cars are more energy saving, making them cheaper to operate.
A.Compared B.To compare C.Comparing D.Compare
14.Let us discuss _______.
A.how to do it B.what to do it C.how to do
15.When they came to the forest, they suddenly heard somebody _______ for help.
A.called B.to call C.calling
16.I think ________ grammar is a good way ________ a language.
A.studying; to learn B.studying; learning C.to study; learning
17.The magazine is ________ reading, so he advised me ________ it.
A.well worth; to buy B.very worth; buying C.worthing; buying
18.We are considering ________ a sports meet next month.
A.to hold B.holding C.to be held
19.—Peter has changed a lot, hasn’t he
—Yes. He used to ________ the guitar, but now he gets used to ________ soccer.
A.plays; play B.play; playing C.play; play D.playing; playing
20.According to my parents, doing chores(做家务) enables me ________ the family responsibility better.
A.understand B.understanding C.understood D.to understand
参考答案
1.C
【详解】句意:在律师到来之前,嫌疑犯拒绝回答任何问题。考查非谓语动词。refuse to do sth“拒绝做某事”,为固定短语。故选C。
2.C
【详解】句意:认真按照指示去做,你就可以避免在工作中遇到麻烦。考查动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“避免做某事”。故选C。
3.C
【详解】句意:我花了尽可能多的时间帮助他学习英语。考查动名词作宾语。spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”,动名词作宾语。故选C。
4.D
【详解】句意:——我应该怎么做才能避免在语文考试中犯愚蠢的错误?——在回答问题之前,请仔细阅读说明。考查非谓语动词。“避免在语文考试中犯愚蠢的错误”是目的,用动词不定式作目的状语,排除AC;avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”,排除B。故选D。
5.D
【详解】句意:如果你想要改善你的发音,坚持每天练习。考查非谓语。want to do sth“想要做……”;keep on doing sth“坚持做……”,都是固定短语。所以第一空用不定式;第二空用动名词。故选D。
6.C
【详解】句意:这幅画对她来说真的很有价值。她永远不会同意卖掉它。考查非谓语动词。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”,固定短语。故选C。
7.B
【详解】句意:为了节省时间,我们乘飞机去了上海。考查非谓语。根据“... time, we went to Shanghai by plane.”可知,乘飞机去上海的目的是为了节省时间,应该用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。
8.B
【详解】句意:环境保护组织建议政府为所有海洋生物制定法律。考查非谓语动词。短语advise sb to do sth表示“建议某人做某事”,后接不定式。故选B。
9.B
【详解】句意:对我来说,挤牛奶很困难。考查固定句型。“It’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”意为“对于某人来说,做某事是……的”,故选B。
10.A
【详解】句意:他全身心投入的事业使他被全世界的人所铭记。考查谓语动词和非谓语动词。分析题干可知,第一空前是定语从句,“he devoted himself to”是从句部分,修饰先行词career,表示“全身心投入的事业”,所以第一空应填谓语动词,结合“devoted”可知应用一般过去时,动词用过去式made;第二空结合make和空后的by可知,此处是make sb done“使某人被……”,所以第二空应填过去分词作宾语补足语,故选A。
11.B
【详解】句意:男孩主动提出把座位让给老人。考查非谓语动词。offer to do sth“主动提出做某事”,此处用动词不定式作宾语。故选B。
12.A
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我不擅长写英语作文。我几乎失去了信心。——当你学习的时候,请不要指望每件事都做得好。毕竟,熟能生巧。考查形容词短语。do well in在某方面做得好;be good at擅长;be good with和……相处得好。根据“I am not good at writing English compositions. I almost lose my confidence.”可知,此处指学习上不是每件事都能做好,expect to do sth“期望做某事”,排除B和C。故选A。
13.A
【详解】句意:与汽油车相比,电动汽车更节能,运行成本更低。考查非谓语动词。根据“...with gasoline cars”可知,此处动词compare与主语的关系为被动,应使用动词过去分词作状语。故选A。
14.A
【详解】句意:让我们讨论一下如何做这件事。考查疑问词+动词不定式结构。what后接动词不定式,do后不需要接it;how后接动词不定式,do后接it作宾语,故选A。
15.C
【详解】句意:当他们来到森林时,他们突然听到有人在呼救。考查非谓语动词。hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”,现在分词作宾补,故选C。
16.A
【详解】句意:我认为学习语法是学习一门语言的好方法。考查非谓语动词。根据“grammar is...”可知第一个空作主语,用动名词或动词不定式;根据“a good way...a language”可知此处用动词不定式作定语,排除BC。故选A。
17.A
【详解】句意:这本杂志很值得一读,所以他建议我买它。考查固定搭配以及非谓语动词。be well worth doing sth“很值得做某事”;advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”,故选A。
18.B
【详解】句意:我们正在考虑下个月举行运动会。考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”,动名词作宾语,故选B。
19.B
【详解】句意:——彼得改变了很多,不是吗?——是的,他过去常常弹吉他,但现在他已习惯于踢足球了。考查used to do和get used to doing的用法。根据“He used to…the guitar”可知此处应是used to do“过去常常做某事”,故第一个空要用play;又根据“he gets used to…soccer.”可知此处应是get used to doing“习惯于做某事”,故第二个空要用playing。故选B。
20.D
【详解】句意:据我父母说,做家务能让我更好地理解家庭责任。考查非谓语动词。根据“doing chores(做家务) enables me ... the family responsibility better.”可知,此处是enable sb to do sth“使某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。
单项选择之句式篇
简单句 感叹句:What +(a/an)+ adj. + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语! How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语!
并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成,它们同等重要且没有从属关系。 ① 表示顺承关系的并列连词有and,not only...but (also)等。 ② 表示选择关系的并列连词有or,either…or…等。 ③ 表示转折关系的并列连词有but,yet,however 等。 ④ 表示因果关系的并列连词有so。 ※ 中考对并列句的考查主要集中在其连接词上,考生在备战2022中考时要注意这些并列连词的用法。
复合句 宾语从句 ① 引导词:that(可省略),if,whether,who,whose,what等。 ② 语序:宾语从句都要使用陈述语序。 ③ 时态:a. 主句若是现在时,从句可根据实际需要用各种时态; b. 主句若是过去时,从句也应该用过去时; c. 从句叙述的是客观事实、格言等时,用一般现在时。 ④ 当主句的主语为I或we,谓语动词为think,believe,suppose等时,否定应前移。 ※ 宾语从句是中考的必考点,备战2023中考时考生必须牢固掌握其引导词、语序及时态的用法。
定语从句 ① 定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词; ② 常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词有where,when,why等; ③ 关系代词和关系副词起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 ※ 备战2023中考时考生尤其要注意定语从句关系代词和关系副词的用法区别,中考一般从此方面设题。
状语从句 ① 时间状语从句(常用的引导词有when / while / before / after / until(till) / since等); ② 条件状语从句(常用的引导词有if / unless等); ③ 原因状语从句(常用的引导词有because / as / since 等); ④ 结果状语从句(常用的引导词有so…that… / such…that…,so后接形容词或副词;such后接名词); ⑤ 目的状语从句(常用的引导词有so that / in order that等); ⑥ 让步状语从句(常用的引导词有though / although / even if / even though等,though或although引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用) ⑦ 比较状语从句(常用的引导词有than,as…as…,not as…as…等)。 ※ 备战2023中考时考生必须把每一种用法都记住并灵活运用。尤其要注意状语 从句的时态及引导词。
特殊句式 倒装句 ① So does / is he与So he does / is:上文提到某人做了某事或处于某种状态(肯 定句),这时要表达另一个人也这样,要用So does/is he;若只是表达对第一句内容的强调,则要用so he does/is,so=indeed,表示"确实,的确"。 ② Neither / Nor does/is he与Neither / Nor he does / is:上文提到某人没有做某事 或处于某种状态(否定句),这时要表达另一个人也没有,要用Neither / Nor does/is he;若只是表达对第一句内容的强调,则要用Neither / Nor he does / is。 ※ 倒装句虽然不是每年必考,但也常有涉及,考生在备考时主要注意以上这两 种的用法即可。
祈使句 祈使句没有主语,常表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。 ① 肯定形式:a. 行为动词原形+其他成分; b. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等); c. Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。 ② 否定形式:a. Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分; b. Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等); c. Let开头的祈使句,可在Let前加Don’t,也可在Let后宾格的 名词或代词后面加not;Let’s开头的祈使句,必须在Let’s后加not。 ※ 备战2023中考时考生要注意祈使句的肯定及否定形式,尤其要注意Let开头 的祈使句的否定表达。
1.(2022·江苏南通·中考真题)—________ is the fashion show
—In the school hall. The purpose of it is to raise money for a charity.
A.Where B.When C.How D.Which
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——时装表演在哪里?——在学校大厅里。其目的是为慈善机构筹集资金。考查特殊疑问句。Where在哪里;When什么时候;How如何;Which哪一个。根据“In the school hall.”可知,此处是询问地点。故选A。
2.(2022·吉林长春·中考真题)— Do you like travelling by train or by plane
— ________. Because I love to see farms and animals along the way.
A.Yes, I do B.No, I don’t C.By train D.By plane
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你喜欢坐火车还是坐飞机旅行?——坐火车。因为我喜欢看沿途的农场和动物。考查选择性疑问句。根据“Do you like travelling by train or by plane ”可知,选择性疑问句应直接回答坐飞机还是坐火车。结合“Because I love to see farms and animals along the way”可知,坐火车可以沿途看到农场和动物,故选C。
3.(2022·吉林长春·中考真题)— Tina, I like your T-shirt. ________ is it
— It’s 80 yuan. It is made in China.
A.How far B.How long C.How often D.How much
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——Tina,我喜欢你的T恤。它多少钱?——80元。它产自中国。考查特殊疑问句。How far多远;How long多久;How often多久一次;How much多少钱。根据“It’s 80 yuan”可知,对价格提问用how much引导特殊疑问句,故选D。
4.(2022·山东济南·中考真题)—________ volunteers to take your temperature in your school
—Miss Li, my Chinese teacher.
A.Who B.Why C.When D.Where
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——谁在你们学校自愿为你们量体温?——李老师,我的中文老师。考查特殊疑问句。who谁;why为什么;when何时;where哪里。根据答语“Miss Li, my Chinese teacher.”可知,对人进行提问,用who引导特殊疑问句,故选A。
5.(2022·山东济南·中考真题)—Dad, shall we go to the library by bike or by car
—________. There is no parking lot there.
A.Yes, we will B.No, we won’t C.By car D.By bike
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——爸爸,我们是骑自行车去图书馆还是开车去?——骑自行车去。那没有停车场。考查选择疑问句。Yes, we will是的,我们会的;No, we won’t不,我们不会;By car开车;By bike骑自行车。根据“shall we go to the library by bike or by car ”可知,选择疑问句应直接回答对应的选择,排除A和B选项。根据“There is no parking lot there”可知,没有停车场就不能开车去,故选D。
6.(2022·江苏淮安·中考真题)________ good book you offered us! It really helps us a lot.
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你给了我们一本多么好的书啊!这对我们帮助很大。考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词是可数名词单数book,用“What a/an+adj+可数名词单数+主谓!”结构,故选D。
7.(2022·上海·中考真题)_______ exciting singing contest they had yesterday!
A.What B.How C.What an D.How an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他们昨天举行了多么令人兴奋的歌唱比赛啊!考查感叹句。本句中心词为contest,是可数名词单数,符合结构“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓!”。故选C。
8.(2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题)—China launched(发射)the manned spacecraft Shenzhou-14 successfully on June 5, 2022.
—________ exciting news! We are proud of it.
A.What B.What an C.How D.How an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——中国于2022年6月5日成功发射了神舟14号载人飞船。——真是令人兴奋的消息!我们为此感到骄傲。 考查感叹句。此处是感叹句,强调的中心词是不可数名词news,用“What+adj+不可数名词!”句型,故选A。
9.(2022·吉林长春·中考真题)________ valuable gift it is! It reminds me of my childhood.
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是多么珍贵的礼物啊!它使我想起了我的童年。考查感叹句。中心词gift是可数名词的单数形式,用what引导的感叹句结构:what+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主谓。valuable是以辅音音素开头的,故选B。
10.(2022·辽宁锦州·中考真题)Bing Dwen Dwen is one of the 2022 Winter Olympic mascots(吉祥物). ________ lovely it is!
A.What a B.How C.What an D.What
【答案】B
【详解】句意:冰墩墩是2022年冬奥会吉祥物之一。 多么可爱啊!考查感叹句。分析句子可知本句是感叹句,且中心词“lovely”是形容词,符合“How+形容词+主谓”结构。故选B。
11.(2022·湖南株洲·中考真题)________ lovely Bing Dwendwen is! Everyone wants to have one.
A.What B.What a C.How
【答案】C
【详解】句意:冰墩墩多么可爱啊! 每个人都想拥有一个。考查感叹句。在感叹句中,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词/副词。本句中中心词“lovely”是形容词,用how修饰,符合“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”结构。故选C。
12.(2022·上海·中考真题)Have a balanced diet and exercise regularly _______ you will stay healthy.
A.and B.or C.but D.for
【答案】A
【详解】句意: 保持均衡的饮食和有规律的运动,你就会保持健康。
考查连词。and表并列或递进,和;or否则,或者;but但是;for因为。根据句型“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”可知,此处用and表递进关系。故选A。
13.(2022·山东济南·中考真题)________ more in your daily life, and you’ll be full of energy.
A.Exercise B.To exercise C.Exercises D.Exercising
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在日常生活中多锻炼,你就会精力充沛。考查祈使句。Exercise锻炼,动词原形;To exercise动词不定式;Exercises动词的三单形式;Exercising动名词或现在分词。本句是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式,祈使句需要以动词原形置于句首。故选A。
14.(2022·湖南湘西·中考真题)During the hard time when Shanghai is fighting against COVID-19 (新冠病毒), many people across China send messages on the Internet, “Come on, Shanghai! ________ give up!”
A.Don’t B.Doesn’t C.Do
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在上海抗击新冠肺炎疫情的艰难时刻,全国各地都有不少网友在网上留言:“加油,上海!不要放弃!”考查祈使句。根据“Come on, Shanghai!”可知鼓励上海不要放弃,用祈使句的否定式“Don’t+动词原形+其他”结构。故选A。
15.(2022·四川四川·中考真题)—Can you tell me ________ the book sale is
—Sure. On Thursday morning.
A.when B.where C.why D.what
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我书展是什么时候吗?——当然。周四早上。考查宾语从句。when何时;where哪里;why为什么;what什么。根据答语“On Thursday morning.”可知,对时间进行提问,故选A。
16.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—What else did the students ask Chinese astronaut Nie Haisheng about the space station
—They asked him ________.
A.how long would he stay there B.when he will arrive
C.how did he communicate with his family D.how much the spacesuit cost
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——关于空间站,学生们还问了中国航天员聂海胜什么?——他们问他航天服多少钱。考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,空格处是宾语从句,应为陈述语序,故排除A、C选项。根据“asked”可知,主句是一般过去时,从句也应为过去的某种时态,B选项是一般将来时,故排除。故选D。
17.(2022·江苏淮安·中考真题)— Mum, I found a wallet on the bus this morning.
— I think you should give it to the police and they may know ________.
A.how is the owner B.who is the owner C.how the owner is D.who the owner is
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——妈妈。今天早上我在公共汽车上发现了一个钱包。——我想你应该把它交给警察,他们也许会知道主人是谁。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句,需用陈述语序,排除AB;结合“I think you should give it to the police and they may know...”可知,是可能知道主人是谁。故选D。
18.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)— Tom, what kind of stories do you prefer
— The ones ________ have a happy ending.
A.that B.who C.those D.whom
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——汤姆,你喜欢什么样的故事?——那些有着幸福结局的故事。考查定语从句。that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后,引出从句;who谁;those那些;whom谁,宾格。根据“The ones …have a happy ending.”可知,此处空后为定语从句修饰ones,ones指代stories“故事”,为物,使用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选A。
19.(2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题)—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now
—Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week.
A.that B.who C.what D.who
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——妈妈在等待。我们现在可以出发了吗?——等一下。我找不到我上周买的鞋了。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是“the shoes”,指物,引导词在从句中作宾语,所以用that或which,结合选项,故选A。
20.(2022·湖南株洲·中考真题)Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ will live in our heart forever.
A.which B.who C.what
【答案】B
【详解】句意:袁隆平是一位永远会活在我们心里的科学家。考查定语从句的引导词。which指代物,关系代词;who指代人,关系代词;what什么,不用于引导定语从句。根据观察和分析可知题干包含一个定语从句,先行词是a great scientist,空格上应填一个代替先行词(人)且在从句中作主语的关系代词。故选B。
21.(2022·西藏·中考真题)Chinese soldiers often help people in trouble, ________ they know it is dangerous.
A.so B.although C.but D.because
【答案】B
【详解】句意:中国士兵经常帮助有困难的人,尽管他们知道这很危险。考查连词辨析。so因此;although尽管;but但是;because因为。“Chinese soldiers often help people in trouble”与“they know it is dangerous”是让步关系,用although引导让步状语从句,故选B。
22.(2022·西藏·中考真题)Gu Ailing worked ________ hard ________ she got excellent achievements at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
A.not only … but also B.such ... that C.not ... until D.so … that
【答案】D
【详解】句意:谷爱凌非常努力,在北京2022年冬奥会上取得了优异的成绩。考查短语辨析。not only…but also不但……而且……;such... that如此……以至于……;not... until直到……才;so…that如此……以至于……。根据“hard”可知,是副词,用so修饰,故选D。
23.(2022·广西桂林·中考真题)If you ________ along this road, you will find a park.
A.go B.went C.goes
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果你沿着这条路走,你会找到一个公园。考查if条件句。if引导的条件状语从句,遵循主将从现。从句用一般现在时,主语是you,动词用原形。故选A。
24.(2022·山东东营·中考真题)You won’t be allowed to enter the school _________ your temperature is higher than normal.
A.if B.until C.though D.unless
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果你的体温高于正常值,你就不能进入学校。考查连词 。if如果;until直到;though虽然;unless除非。根据“You won’t be allowed to enter the school”以及“your temperature is higher than normal.”可知,两句之间是条件关系,如果温度不正常就不能进学校,应用if引导条件状语从句,故选A。
宾语从句记忆口诀 学习宾从三注意,时态语序和连词。 时态主从要呼应: 主句若为现在时,从句时态随句意; 主句若为过去时,从句时态变过去; 宾从若是表真理,时态不变无质疑。 语序要用陈述序,切莫照搬疑问句。 that连接陈述句,省与不省要注意。 从句若表"是否"时,if/whether要谨记。 特殊问句作宾语,仍用原来疑问词。 三个问题需牢记,切莫丢东忘了西。
感叹句记忆口诀 感叹句,并不难,what与how应在前。 形容词、副词跟着how,what后面名词连。 名词若是可数单,前带冠词a或an。 主语、谓语放后面,省略它们也常见。
祈使句记忆顺口溜 祈使句,祈使句, 请求、命令或建议。 主语是you常省去, 动词原形开头住。 否定形式要注意, 句首要把Don’t加。
1.(2023·上海嘉定·统考一模)You will lose marks in the exam if you ________ your handwriting.
A.don’t improve B.didn’t improve C.won’t improve D.isn’t improving
2.(2023·四川凉山·统考模拟预测)People sure change. For example, I ________ eat vegetable salad, but now I start to try some.
A.am used to B.didn’t use to C.used to
3.(2022·贵州铜仁·统考三模)— What’s on the wall
— There is a clock and two maps, but there are ________ pictures on the wall.
A.not B.no C.any D.don’t
4.(2023·辽宁大连·统考一模)—________ is your father Does he still work as an engineer
— Yes, he has been an engineer for 20 years.
A.Who B.How C.What D.Which
5.(2023·云南昆明·昆明八中校考二模)—________ volleyball is this
—Let me have a look. Jane’s name is on it. It must be hers.
A.Who B.Who’s C.Whom D.Whose
6.(2022·江苏苏州·校考一模)—He dislikes South Korea operas, ________
—________. He thinks it is a waste of time.
A.doesn’t he; Yes, he does B.does he; Yes, he does
C.doesn’t he; No, he doesn’t D.does he; No, he doesn’t
7.(2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·校联考一模)—What’s the secret to English learning
—Practice more, ________ you will learn English better.
A.or B.though C.and
8.(2023·广西柳州·统考一模)—________ on this book, Lucy!
—Sorry, I won’t.
A.Drawing B.Draw C.Don’t draw
9.(2023·北京·模拟预测)—It seems that it is going to rain.
—That’s true. Take an umbrella with you, ________ you may get wet.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
10.(2023·河北石家庄·统考二模)Keep going, ________ you’ll make it one day.
A.but B.and C.so D.or
11.(2023·湖南株洲·统考一模)________ smart city Zhuzhou is!
A.What B.What a C.How
12.(2023·江苏淮安·统考一模)—________ wonderful event Huai’an Marathon was!
—Yes. It’s the pride of the people in Huai’an.
A.What a B.What C.How a D.How
13.(2022·湖南株洲·统考二模)________ important job they have done!
A.How B.What C.What an
14.(2023·山东滨州·统考一模)—Do you enjoy working in the garden
—Yeah. ________ wonderful time it is to have so many beautiful flowers around me!
A.How B.What C.What a D.How a
15.(2023·江苏南京·统考一模)—________ you’re breathing! You must have run here.
—Yes. I had to run because I didn’t want to keep you waiting.
A.What heavy B.How heavy C.How heavily D.What heavily
16.(2023·云南昭通·统考一模)________ awful weather we are having! It’s raining again.
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
17.(2023·浙江温州·模拟预测)—The boy’s made so many mistakes in this paper.
—It’s OK. ________. This paper is very difficult.
A.So have other students B.So do other students
C.Neither has other students D.Neither have other students
18.(2023·江苏南京·模拟预测)—Keven has made up his mind to continue with his dream job.
—________ and ________.
A.So he has; so have I B.So has he; so have I C.So he has; so I have D.So has he; so I have
19.(2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考一模)—I didn’t enjoy the film a bit. The scene was very difficult to understand.
—________
A.Never mind! B.Neither did I. C.It’s a pleasure!
20.(2023·江苏徐州·统考一模)—I felt very sorry that I heard an earthquake took place in Turkey on 6 February.
—________.
A.So did I B.So I did C.Neither I did D.Neither did I
21.(2022·重庆渝中·重庆巴蜀中学校考三模)—What a heavy rain!
—You’d better set out a little earlier, ________ you’ll be late for school.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
22.(2022·天津红桥·统考模拟预测)The shops were closed ________ I couldn’t buy anything.
A.so B.but C.so that D.after
23.(2022·河北石家庄·石家庄市第四十中学校考一模)Betty was silent at first, ________ soon she joined the girls, talking and laughing.
A.but B.so C.or D.and
24.(2023·江苏淮安·统考一模)—Have you asked the policeman ________
—Yes. He told us to turn right at the corner. There is one on the right.
A.if there is a bank near here B.how can you get to the nearest bank
C.where we found a bank D.when we can go to the nearest bank
25.(2023·江苏扬州·统考一模)—Could you tell me ________
—You can search for it on the Internet.
A.what will life in Yangzhou be like
B.who wrote this wonderful poem
C.what is the population of India
D.when will the event happen
26.(2023·广西河池·统考一模)—Could you tell me ________
—Nothing but some old cards.
A.what is in the box B.who is in the box C.where the box is
27.(2023·江苏淮安·统考一模)Don’t keep a pet ________ you have enough time to look after it.
A.unless B.if C.though D.when
28.(2023·辽宁大连·统考一模)After hearing the exciting news, Aunt Wang got ________ excited ________ her eyes were full of tears.
A.as; as B.so; that C.such; that D.too; to
29.(2023·江苏扬州·统考一模)—Have you heard about the panda Huahua ________ many visitors are queuing to see these days
—Yes, it looks so cute.
A.who B.whose C.that D.what
30.(2023·山东滨州·统考一模)Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music ________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A.who B.which C.whose D.what
参考答案:
1.A
【详解】句意:如果你不改善你的书写,你将会在考试中失分。考查动词时态。if引导条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时,主语you是第二人称,否定句借助于助动词don’t,故选A。
2.B
【详解】句意:人确实会变。例如,我以前不吃蔬菜沙拉,但现在我开始尝试一些。
考查一般过去时。根据语境“but now I start to try some”可知,这里表示我过去不吃蔬菜沙拉,“过去常常做某事”used to do sth,其否定要借助于didn’t,即didn’t use to。故选B。
3.B
【详解】句意:——墙上有什么?——有一个钟和两张地图,但墙上没有图画。考查词义辨析。根据are可知,此空不能填助动词,排除D选项。any用于否定句,空格前无否定词,排除C选项。no=not any,any修饰复数名词pictures,故选B。
4.C
【详解】句意:——你的爸爸是做什么的?他仍然担任一名工程师的工作吗?——是的,他已经做工程师20年了。
考查特殊疑问词辨析。Who谁,提问人;How怎样,提问方式;What什么,提问事物,职业;Which哪一个,表示选择。根据“Does he still work as an engineer ”可知,此处提问是否仍是工程师,空处应与工作相关,用What。故选C。
5.D
【详解】句意:——这是谁的排球?——让我看看。简的名字在上面。一定是她的。考查特殊疑问句。Who谁;Who’s谁是;Whom谁,who的宾格;Whose谁的。根据“It must be hers.”可知,问句是问排球是谁的,应用Whose。故选D。
6.A
【详解】句意:——他不喜欢韩国歌剧,对吗?——是的,他不喜欢。他认为这是在浪费时间。考查反意疑问句及答语。根据语境可知,问句为含有否定词缀的派生词dislike的反意疑问句,其附加问句用否定形式,故排除B和C,又因答语中说他认为这是在浪费时间,可推测他是不喜欢韩国歌剧的,故答语为肯定。故选A。
7.C
【详解】句意:——英语学习的秘诀是什么?——多练习,你会学得更好。考查连词辨析。or或者;though虽然;and和。根据“Practice more...you will learn English better”可知两个句子是顺承关系,用and连接。故选C。
8.C
【详解】句意:——露西,别在这本书上画画!——对不起,我不会了。
考查祈使句。根据“ on this book, Lucy!”以及“Sorry, I won’t.”可知,此处提醒对方不要在书上画画,祈使句的否定形式是“don’t+动词原形”,故选C。
9.C
【详解】句意:——看起来要下雨了。——没错。带上雨伞,否则你可能会淋湿。考查连词词义辨析。and和;but但是;or否则;so所以。根据“Take an umbrella with you”及“you may get wet”可知,带上雨伞就不会淋湿,符合:祈使句+or+陈述句,表示如果做到了祈使句表示的事情,就不会有后面句子表示的结果。故选C。
10.B
【详解】句意:坚持总有一天你会实现的。考查连词辨析。but但是;and和,然后;so所以;or否则。横线上表示顺承关系,用and连接。故选B。
11.B
【详解】句意:株洲是个多么智能的城市啊!考查感叹句。根据题干可知,中心词是city,应用what引导感叹句,结构为What+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语。故选B。
12.A
【详解】句意:——淮安马拉松是多么精彩的活动啊!——是的,它是淮安人民的骄傲。
考查what引导的感叹句。根据题干可知,感叹句的中心词是event,为可数名词,应用结构“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓”。故选A。
13.C
【详解】句意:他们做了多么重要的工作啊!考查感叹句。根据题干可知,job是感叹句的中心词,应用结构“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主谓”。故选C。
14.C
【详解】句意:——你喜欢在花园里工作吗?——是啊。有这么多美丽的花儿在我身边,真是一段美好的时光!考查感叹句。根据“... wonderful time”可知中心词time在此处作可数名词单数,用“What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓”结构。故选C。
15.C
【详解】句意:——你的呼吸多么沉重啊!你一定是跑到这儿来的。——是的。我不得不跑,因为我不想让你久等。考查感叹句。根据“... you’re breathing!”可知用副词heavily修饰动词breathing,此处用“How+副词+主谓”结构。故选C。
16.C
【详解】句意:我们现在的天气真糟糕!又下雨了。考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知,此句为感叹句。awful“糟糕的”,是形容词,weather“天气”,是不可数名词,we are having是主谓,由此可推断此句的结构为:What+adj.+不可数名词+主谓。故选C。
17.A
【详解】句意:——这个男孩在这张试卷中犯了很多错误。——没关系。其他学生也是如此。这张试卷很难。考查so引导的倒装句。So+连系动词/情态动词/助动词+另一主语,表示前面所说的肯定情况也是适合于后者;如果表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于后者时,则用Neither/Nor+连/情/助+另一主语。根据“The boy’s made so many mistakes in this paper.”可知,此处表示的是肯定情况,且“the boy’s”是“the boy has”的缩写,现在完成时,所以助动词用have。故选A。
18.A
【详解】句意:——凯文已经下定决心继续做他梦想中的工作。——他确实是这样,我也是。
考查部分倒装。so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语,表示“上文的情况同样适用于另外一个人”;so+主语++助动词/情态动词/be动词,表示“确实是这样”。第一空是指凯文确实下定决心继续做他梦想中的工作,应填So he has;第二空表示“我”也是这样,所以应填so have I。故选A。
19.B
【详解】句意:——我一点也不喜欢这部电影。场景太难理解了。——我也是。考查情景交际。Never mind!没关系;Neither did I.我也不;It’s a pleasure!不用谢。根据“I didn’t enjoy the film a bit.”可知对方说不喜欢这部电影,空处应对此表达自己的态度,B项符合语境。故选B。
20.A
【详解】句意:——我听说 2 月 6 日土耳其发生了地震,我感到非常遗憾。——我也是。
考查交际用语。So did I我也是;So I did我确实做到了;Neither did I我也没有。根据“I felt very sorry that”可知表示感到很遗憾,应该回答“我也是”,句子是肯定句,应用So did I。故选A。
21.C
【详解】句意:——雨下得真大啊!——你最好早一点出发,否则你会上学迟到的。
考查并列连词辨析。and并且,和;but但是;or否则;so所以。根据“You’d better set out a little earlier”可知你最好早点出发,如果不这样做的话,就会迟到。因此应用or“否则,要不然”连接。故选C。
22.A
【详解】句意:商店关门了,所以我什么都买不到。考查连词辨析。so因此;but但是;so that以便;after在……之后。根据“The shops were closed …I couldn’t buy anything.”可知,此处表因果关系,空后为结果,使用so。故选A。
23.A
【详解】句意:贝蒂刚开始很沉默,但很快她加入这些女孩们,又说又笑。考查连词用法。but“但是”;so“因此”;or“或者,否则”;and“和”。划线前后句为转折关系。故选A。
24.A
【详解】句意:——你已经问过警察附近是否有家银行吗?——是的。他告诉我在转角处右转。右边有家银行。考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序,排除B;根据“He told us to turn right at the corner. There is one on the right.”可知问句在问地点,排除D;C项“我们在哪里找到了一家银行”时态不符合情景,排除C;A项“是否有家银行”符合情景,故选A。
25.B
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我这首精彩的诗歌是谁写的吗?——你可以在网上搜索一下。
考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me”及选项可知,空处应填入宾语从句,宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序,选项A、C和D均为疑问句语序。故选B。
26.A
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我盒子里是什么吗?——只有一些旧卡片。考查宾语从句。what is in the box盒子里是什么;who is in the box谁在盒子里;where the box is盒子在哪里;根据“Nothing but some old cards”可知,此处对盒子里的东西进行提问,因此用疑问词what,故选A。
27.A
【详解】句意:如果你没有足够的时间照顾它,那么不要养宠物。考查条件状语从句。unless除非,如果不;if如果;though尽管;when当……时。养宠物需要花时间,根据“Don’t keep a pet ”可知,没有足够时间。故选A。
28.B
【详解】句意:听到这个激动人心的消息后,王阿姨激动得热泪盈眶。考查结果状语从句。as ... as同……一样;so ... that如此……以至于;such ... that如此……以至于……;too ... to太……而不能。根据“Aunt Wang got ... excited ... her eyes were full of tears.”可知,王阿姨太激动了,以至于她眼含热泪,用so ... that引导结果状语从句。故选B。
29.C
【详解】句意:——你听说过这些天很多游客排队看的熊猫花花吗?——是的,它看起来很可爱。考查定语从句。who谁;whose谁的;that那个;what什么。根据“Have you heard about the panda Huahua...many visitors are queuing to see these days ”可知,“...many visitors are queuing to see these days”是定语从句,先行词是the panda Huahua,并非人类,所以从句的引导词可用that/which。故选C。
30.B
【详解】句意:阿炳的《二泉映月》是一首已成为中国国宝之一的音乐。考查定语从句。who谁;which哪个;whose谁的;what什么。分析句子结构可知,此句是一个定语从句;根据“has become one of China’s national treasures”可知,从句缺少主语,先行词是music,which作从句主语。故选B。
1.—Look! Mr. Wang is playing basketball with his students over there.
—It ________ be him. He has gong to Shanghai for a meeting.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t
2.—Millie, ________ are you preparing for
—My mom’s birthday is coming. I plan to hold a party for her.
A.what B.who C.why D.how
3.—Laura, ________ can you have your speech ready
—Sorry. I’m not sure. I’m still preparing it.
A.how long B.how far C.how soon D.how often
4.—My aim is to go to Tsinghua University for further study.
—Work hard, ________ you can make it.
A.if B.so C.and
5.Jack, ________ to the front door to see if someone is knocking.
A.goes B.going C.go D.to go
6.________ smoke here, Dad. Smoking is not allowed in public places.
A.Don’t B.Don’t be C.Not to be D.Be not
7.—________ great surprise to see you here, Daniel!
—Yeah. We haven’t seen each other for quite a long time.
A.What a B.What C.How a D.How
8.________ wonderful talent show they performed in our school yesterday!
A.How B.What C.What a D.How a
9.________ surprise it was to see a horse running in the street!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
10.—________ wonderful the music is!
—Exactly! It makes me feel relaxed after a busy day.
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
11.—I’ve never been to Disneyland, in Shanghai, Judy.
—________
A.So have I. B.Neither have I. C.Neither am I. D.So I have
12.—My mother doesn’t watch scary films.
—________.
A.Neither I do B.Neither do I C.So do I D.So I do
13.Only by shouting at the top of his voice, ________.
A.he was able to make himself hear B.was he able to make himself hear
C.was he able to make himself heard D.he was able to make himself heard
14.I must go back home before 11 p.m., ________ my father will be angry with me.
A.and B.or C.so D.but
15.I like your story, _______ I’m confused by the ending. Can you explain it
A.and B.or C.so D.but
16.We must take a taxi, _________ we will be late for the meeting.
A.or B.but C.and
17.The jacket is nice, _________ it doesn’t look good on me.
A.so B.if C.but D.or
18.She asked me ______ I was born in Qingdao and I said yes.
A.if B.where C.when D.why
19.—I really want to watch My People, My Homeland. Could you tell me ________
—Sure. It will be shown at Town Cinema.
A.when it will be on show B.when will it be on show
C.where will it be on show D.where it will be on show
20.—What did Tom say to you just now, John
—He asked ________.
A.why I am so happy today
B.what the matter was
C.who I play football with after school
D.if I could go to the movie with him tonight
21.—Mona didn’t tell me ________ the grammar book.
—She bought it in Wuhan last week.
A.where she buys B.where she bought C.where did she buy D.what she bought
22.You can’t learn a language well ________ you work hard.
A.when B.unless C.so
23.I don’t understand my parents’ love ________ I become a parent myself.
A.while B.if C.until D.though
24.We cannot understand illness ________ we understand the person who has the illness.
A.because B.if C.after D.until
25.We will have to stay at home for another day if the heavy rain __________ tomorrow.
A.doesn’t stop B.won’t stop C.didn’t stop D.hasn’t stopped
26.I think Tom is a nice boy ________ he makes me angry sometimes.
A.though B.unless C.when D.because
27.Most kids like the friends ________ understand them well.
A.which B.who C.where
28.—Do you know the girl ________ is talking with our teacher
—Oh, she’s my sister.
A.which B.whose C.who D.whom
29.The nurse ________ is looking after the old man in the hospital is David’s sister.
A.how B.which C.who
30.—What do you think of The Three - Body Problem ________ is written by Liu Cixin
—Oh, it’s fantastic.
A.who B.what C.why D.that
参考答案:
1.C
【详解】句意:——看!王先生正在那边和他的学生们打篮球。——不可能是他。他已经去上海开会了。考查情态动词。mustn’t“禁止”;shouldn’t“不应该”;can’t“不可能”。根据“It...be him. He has gong to Shanghai for a meeting.”可知,王先生已经去上海了,所以推测不可能是他,C选项“不可能”符合语境。故选C。
2.A
【详解】句意:——米莉,你在准备什么?——我妈妈的生日就要到了。我打算给她开个派对。考查疑问词辨析。what什么,用于问物;who谁,用于问人;why为什么,用于问原因;how怎么样,用于问方式。根据答语可知,米莉在准备生日派对,所以问的是准备什么。故选A。
3.C
【详解】句意:——劳拉,你的演讲稿多久能准备好? ——抱歉。我不确定。我还在准备。
考查特殊疑问句。how long多久;how far多远;how soon多久以后;how often多久一次。根据“...can you have your speech ready ”可知,此处表达“多久以后会准备好”,故应用how soon提问。故选C。
4.C
【详解】句意:——我的目标是去清华大学深造。——努力工作,你就能成功。考查连词辨析及祈使句。if如果;so因此;and和。此处考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式。故选C。
5.C
【详解】句意:杰克,到前门去看看有没有人在敲门。考查祈使句 。根据“to the front door to see...”可知句子是祈使句,以动词原形开头。故选C。
6.A
【详解】句意:爸爸,不要在这里抽烟。公共场所不允许吸烟。考查祈使句的否定形式。此处是祈使句的否定形式,结构为:Don’t+动词原形。故选A。
7.A
【详解】句意:——丹尼尔,在这里见到你真是一个惊喜!——是的。我们好久没见面了。
考查感叹句。根据“... great surprise to see you here, Daniel!”可知,句子为感叹句,句子的中心词为surprise,可数名词单数,且great是以辅音音素开头,所以对应感叹句结构为What+a+形容词+名词+主+谓!故选A。
8.C
【详解】句意:昨天他们在我们学校表演了一场精彩的才艺表演!
考查感叹句。分析题干可知,本句中心词是talent show,可数名词单数,符合结构:What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语。故选C。
9.B
【详解】句意:看到一匹马在街上跑,真让人吃惊!考查感叹句的结构。分析句子可知,本句的中心词是名词surprise,为可数名词,其读音以辅音开头,所以感叹句用what a。故选B。
10.C
【详解】句意:——这音乐多么美妙啊!——确实是!它让我在忙碌了一天后感到很放松。
考查感叹句。根据“... wonderful the music is!”可知,本句是感叹句,中心词是形容词wonderful,因此感叹句型用“How+形容词+主谓!”的结构。故选C。
11.B
【详解】句意:——朱迪,我从来没有去过上海的迪士尼乐园。——我也没有。考查倒装句。neither+助动词+sb表示“某人也没有……”;根据“I’ve never been to Disneyland, in Shanghai, Judy.”可知,此句是一个否定句,助动词用have,故选B。
12.B
【详解】句意:——我妈妈不看恐怖电影。——我也不看。
考查倒装句。neither+助动词+主语表示“某人也不……”;so+助动词+主语表示“某人也……”。根据“My mother doesn’t watch scary films.”可知,“我”也不看恐怖电影,neither do I符合句意。故选B。
13.C
【详解】句意:他只有大声喊叫,才能让别人听见。考查倒装句及非谓语动词。以“Only by+状语”开头的句子,主句部分要用部分倒装,be动词was置于主语之前,排除A/D;动词hear与himself之间是动宾关系,make后接过去分词作宾语补足语,排除B。故选C。
14.B
【详解】句意:我必须在晚上11点前回家,否则我父亲会生我的气。
考查并列连词辨析。and和;or否则,或者;so所以;but但是。根据语境可知,“在11点前回家”是条件,“父亲对我生气”是结果,所以此句应用“or(否则)”来连接。故选B。
15.D
【详解】句意:我喜欢你的故事,但是我对这个结局很困惑。你能解释解释一下吗?考查连词词义辨析。and和,并且;or或者,否则;so所以;but但是。前半句和“I’m confused by the ending”,前后形成转折关系,故选D。
16.A
【详解】句意:我们必须坐出租车,否则开会要迟到了。考查连词辨析。or否则,表否定条件;but但是,转折关系;and和,并列或递进关系。根据句子前后的句意可知,此处表示否定条件,意为“否则”。故选A。
17.C
【详解】句意:这个夹克很漂亮,但是我穿上不好看。
考查连词。so因此;if如果,表示条件;but但是,表示转折;or或者,表示选择;根据The jacket is nice和it doesn’t look good on me之间是转折关系;故选C。
18.A
【详解】句意:她问我是否出生在青岛,我说是。
考查连词辨析。if是否;where哪里;when当……时候;why为什么。根据“She asked me...I was born in Qingdao and I said yes”可知,此处指她问我是否出生在青岛。故选A。
19.D
【详解】句意:——我真的很想看《我和我的家乡》。你能告诉我它会在哪里上映吗?——当然了。它会在城市影院上映。考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语,用宾语从句;由“It will be shown at Town Cinema.”可知,是问在哪里上映,用where引导从句,排除A和B;宾语从句用陈述语序,排除C项。故选D。
20.D
【详解】句意:——约翰,汤姆刚刚跟你说了什么?——他问我今晚是否能跟他去看电影。
考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,此处为宾语从句,表达“是否……”;宾语从句遵循陈述语序的原则,且当主句为一般过去时,从句也应为过去的某种时态。故选D。
21.B
【详解】句意:——莫娜没有告诉我她在哪里买的语法书。——她上周在武汉买的。
考查宾语从句。根据“She bought it in Wuhan”可知,此处是含where引导的宾语从句的复合句,从句应为陈述语序,排除C、D选项。由“didn’t”可知,主句是一般过去时,从句也应为过去时态,排除A选项。故选B。
22.B
【详解】句意:除非你努力学习,否则你不可能学好一门语言。考查连词辨析。when当……时候;unless除非;so所以。根据“You can’t learn a language well ... you work hard.”可知,此处表示除非努力学习,用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。
23.C
【详解】句意:直到我自己成为父母,我才明白父母的爱。考查从属连词辨析。while当……时候,引导时间状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句;until直到……为止,引导时间状语从句;though虽然,引导让步状语从句。根据语境可知,我不明白父母的爱,直到自己成为父母才明白,句子为时间状语从句,排除B和D,主句为否定句时,用not...until表示“直到……才……”,until“直到……为止”符合语境。故选C。
24.D
【详解】句意:直到我们理解那些患病的人,我们才可以理解疾病本身。
考查连词。because因为;if如果;after在……之后;until直到。根据“We cannot understand illness”可知,考查“not...until”结构,表示“直到……才”。故选D。
25.A
【详解】句意:如果明天大雨不停的话,我们必须在家再待一天。考查动词时态辨析。if “如果”引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的原则,故从句用一般现在时表达一般将来时。故选A。
26.A
【详解】句意:我认为汤姆是个好男孩,尽管他有时让我生气。
考查连词辨析。though尽管;unless除非;when当……的时候;because因为。根据“…he makes me angry sometimes.”可知,此处应该用though引导让步状语从句。故选A。
27.B
【详解】句意:大多数孩子喜欢那些很了解他们的朋友。考查定语从句。根据题干结构可知,空后是定语从句。先行词是指人,连接词在句中作主语,应用who,故选B。
28.C
【详解】句意:——你认识正在和我们老师说话的那个女孩吗?——哦,她是我妹妹。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,先行词girl指人,连接词在从句中作主语,应用who引导定语从句,故选C。
29.C
【详解】句意:在医院照顾老人的护士是大卫的妹妹。考查定语从句。先行词是指人的名词“nurse”,且在从句中作主语,应用who引导,故选C。
30.D
【详解】句意:——你认为刘慈欣的写的《三体》怎么样?——哦,棒极了。考查定语从句。who引导中心词是人的定语从句;what什么;why为什么;that可以引导中心词是物或人的定语从句。根据句子分析可知横线上词引导定语从句,由于中心词“The Three - Body Problem”是物,所以引导词是that,故选D。
完形填空之人物故事类
题型综述 题型特点
完形填空是英语考试中一项重要的考查内容。完形填空也是一种综合能力测试题,是对学生语法、词汇、句型、阅读能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的一种多方位的检测。 按照考试大纲要求, 通常在一篇200词左右的难度适中的文章中留出10或10以上个空白,要求学生从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。 1.以考查考生对短文理解的题型增多。 2.考查动词、形容词和副词用法与辨析的比例在逐渐加大。 3.对连词的考查也在增加,主要考查考生对行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联词的理解。 4.对时态和冠词的用法的考查逐年减少。 5.考查范围广,涉及英语知识的方方面面,如:历史、地理、人文、日常生活常识、公理认知和科技知识、民俗等知识。设计题材也是多种多样:记述、故事、说明及人物传记。
综观各地往年中考真题,记叙文居多,而且近年中考中记叙文所占比例超过50%,预测2023年中考完形填空也会以记叙文为主,侧重考查实词和对上下文语境、逻辑的理解。
一、解题步骤
二、解题方法
1. 词语搭配法:根据词语的习惯搭配来确定正确答案。
2. 语法判断法:通过语法分析来选择正确答案。若选项是名词,应根据上下文确定该名词的单复数以及是否用所有格等;若选项是动词,应考虑其时态、语态、搭配及非谓语形式等。
3. 语境分析法:根据上下文的具体语境,利用所学知识和平时积累的生活常识等,选出最符合情景的选项。
4. 对比排除法:有时对于一些难选的空,可以试着将各个选项逐一代入空白处,然后进行综合比较,从而选出最恰当的答案。
三、满分技巧
1. 了解记叙文的六要素。
记叙文,无论是记人还是叙事,都会交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件、经过和结果,即记叙文的"六要素"。弄清了这六个要素,基本上就理解了整篇文章。
2. 明确作者的写作目的。
就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的,作者往往通过叙述阐明一个道理。作者总是为了某个目的,在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。读者明晰了写作目的,就能抓住文章的主题。
3. 读懂作者的观点或态度。
解题时要认真分析全文,看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。为了增加试题难度,命题人往往采用变化的形式,考生只有在语境的指导下,对文章进行准确地逻辑推断,才能推测出文字之下的深层信息。
4. 弄清作者叙述的视角。
弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个:第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从"参与者"的角度进行记叙,读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和感情。用第三人称就是以"观察者"的身份展开叙述,作者的语气客观,与读者保持一定距离,读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者的思维,深入理解文章的意义,把握好语境。
(2022·内蒙古·中考真题)
There was once a lonely girl who wanted love very much. One day ____1____ she was walking in the forest, she found two dying birds. She took them home and put them in—a small cage. She was happy to have two “friends”. She ____2____ them with love and the birds grew strong. One day the girl happened to ____3____ the door of the cage open. The larger and stronger of the two flew out of the cage. The girl was ____4____ that it would fly away. She caught it quickly. She felt glad that she caught the bird before it could fly away. Suddenly she couldn’t hear a sound ____5____ the bird! When she opened her hand, the bird had already died. Her ____6____ killed the bird! Then she noticed ____7____ bird jumping up and down inside the cage. She could feel its great need for the ____8____. It wanted to fly into the clear, blue sky. So she lifted it from the cage and let it fly away happily. The bird circled once, twice, and three times. The girl ____9____ as the bird flew; she didn’t care about losing the bird anymore. She wanted it to be happy. Suddenly the bird flew closer and landed softly on her shoulder. It sang the ____10____ song she had ever heard.
The fastest way to lose love is to hold on it too tightly, and the best way to keep love is to give it wings.
1.A.while B.after C.before D.until
2.A.cared about B.depended on C.found out D.looked after
3.A.leave B.lock C.forget D.close
4.A.proud B.afraid C.glad D.grateful
5.A.for B.out C.in D.from
6.A.wish B.luck C.love D.joke
7.A.one B.the other C.another D.other
8.A.beauty B.love C.freedom D.truth
9.A.escaped B.saw C.noticed D.watched
10.A.worst B.oldest C.sweetest D.most popular
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.C
【导语】本文讲述了小女孩捡回两只快要死的鸟,带回家精心照顾。可是有一天一只死了,她明白鸟儿需要的是蓝天,于是她把另一只放走了。
1.句意:一天,当她走在森林里的时候,她发现了两只垂死的鸟。
while当……时;after在……之后;before在……之前;until直到。根据“...she was walking in the forest, she found two dying birds.”可知,在森林里的时候,发现了两只垂死的鸟,用while引导时间状语从句。故选A。
2.句意:她悉心照料着它们,鸟儿一天天强壮起来。
cared about关心;depended on依靠;found out发现;looked after照顾。根据“the birds grew strong”可知,鸟儿一天天强壮起来,可见应是得到了照顾。故选D。
3.句意:一天,女孩碰巧把笼子的门开着。
leave离开;lock锁;forget忘记;close关闭。根据“The larger and stronger of the two flew out of the cage.”可知,更大更壮的那只飞出了笼子,所以女孩是把笼子的门开着。故选A。
4.句意:女孩害怕鸟儿会飞走。
proud骄傲的;afraid害怕的;glad高兴的;grateful感激的。根据“She caught it quickly.”可知,女孩害怕鸟儿飞走,故选B。
5.句意:突然,她听不见鸟的声音了!
for为了;out外面;in在里面;from从。根据“Suddenly she couldn’t hear a sound...the bird!”可知,听不见来自鸟儿的声音了,故选D。
6.句意:她的爱害死了那只鸟!
wish希望;luck运气;love爱;joke玩笑。联系上下文可推知,是女孩对小鸟的爱导致小鸟的死亡。故选C。
7.句意:这时她注意到另一只鸟在笼子里跳上跳下。
one一个;the other两者中的另一个;another另一个;other其它的。根据“she found two dying birds”可知,作者照顾了两只鸟,此处指两只中剩余的另一只鸟,需用the other。故选B。
8.句意:她能感觉到它对自由的巨大需求。
beauty美丽;love爱;freedom自由;truth真相。根据“It wanted to fly into the clear, blue sky.”可知,鸟儿渴望自由,故选C。
9.句意:女孩看着鸟儿飞翔;她再也不在乎失去鸟儿了。
escaped逃跑;saw看见;noticed注意到;watched观看。根据“The girl...as the bird flew”可知,这里表示专注地看,需用watch。故选D。
10.句意:它唱着她从未听过的最甜美的歌。
worst最糟的;oldest最旧的;sweetest最甜的;most popular最受欢迎的。根据“It sang the...song she had ever heard.”可知,鸟儿唱出甜美的声音。故选C。
(2022·湖北荆门·统考中考真题)
My mother had a great influence on my life. When I was a child, she always told me, “Sharing ___11___ is a simple act. You don’t have to do much to make others happy.” I didn’t fully understand it until my friend Helen told me about her amazing trip to a small town called Gary. Then, I ___12___ to go there, too.
However, my parents didn’t ___13___ at first when knowing my plan. They said I didn’t know much about the place. They worried about my ___14___ there. After I explained my plan to them in detail(详细地), they ___15___ said yes.
After arriving in Gary, I ___16___ the town was so different from where I lived. There were few stores or restaurants in the town, so you would be ___17___ enough to find a place to buy food or drinks. Houses were built on small hills and ___18___ of them had broken doors or windows. My job was to help the local people to ___19___ their houses. The workdays were long and hot, ___20___ it was really good to see the houses taking on a new look day by day.
The kids there were also different. They seemed to enjoy every moment in life though they were poor. The small things could make them ___21___. I couldn’t find words to describe their joy when they received an ice cream, a ball or ___22___ a hug(拥抱). The community was like a big family. Everyone knew each other and was ready to _____23_____ help.
What a wonderful ___24___ I had in Gary! I truly learned the ___25___ of what my mother said. You don’t need to do much to make a difference to others’ lives.
11.A.love B.success C.interest D.pain
12.A.had a look B.made a decision C.played a part D.made a mess
13.A.mind B.compare C.agree D.repeat
14.A.difficulty B.safety C.traffic D.influence
15.A.finally B.badly C.suddenly D.recently
16.A.doubted B.checked C.discovered D.imagined
17.A.dangerous B.crazy C.brave D.lucky
18.A.much B.many C.few D.none
19.A.sell B.choose C.share D.repair
20.A.unless B.though C.but D.since
21.A.upset B.polite C.excited D.bored
22.A.even B.also C.ever D.still
23.A.accept B.avoid C.refuse D.offer
24.A.experiment B.competition C.experience D.conversation
25.A.ability B.meaning C.reason D.skill
【答案】
A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.D 18.B
19.D 20.C 21.C 22.A 23.D 24.C 25.B
【导语】本文主要介绍作者去Gary镇帮助当地人修理房屋的故事。
11.句意:分享爱是一个简单的行为。
love爱;success成功;interest兴趣;pain痛苦。根据后文内容可知,分享爱是一个简单的行为,不需要做很多。故选A。
12.句意:然后,我决定也去那里。
had a look看一看;made a decision做决定;played a part扮演角色;made a mess制造混乱。根据“ I didn’t fully understand it until my friend Helen told me about her amazing trip to a small town called Gary. Then, I...to go there, too.”可知,海伦说去加里镇的旅行很美妙,所以作者也决定去。故选B。
13.