Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world？知识点精讲精练（含解析）2022-2023学年英语八年级下册（人教新目标版）

Unit7 What’s the highest mountain in the world
一、square n. 平方 （不可数名词）
例句：The room covers an area of about 25 square meters.
【拓展】 square：正方形；广场，街区（可数名词）
例句：The cookies were in the form of squares. 那些饼干是正方形的。
We live three squares from the school. 我们住在离学校三个街区的地方。
二、 population：集合名词，“人口”
1、population常与the 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
例句：The world’s population is increasing faster and faster.全世界人口增长得越来越快。
2、当主语是表示“人口的百分之几，几分之几”时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例句：About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.
中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。
3、表示人口的“多”或“少”，不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”
例句：India has a large population. 印度人口众多。
4、询问某国、某地有多少人口时，不用“How much…”，而用“How large…”；问具体人口时，用“What’s the population of …？”
例句：How large is the population of your hometown 你们家乡人口有多少？
What is the population of Hangzhou 杭州的人口有多少？
三、Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour. 在今天的长城之旅中，大家尽管问我任何问题，不要拘束。
【解析】：
1、 feel free：随便，轻松
例句：I like going out, because this makes me feel free.
【扩展】 feel free to do sth 随意做某事
例句：If you need help, please feel free to ask me.
2、 tour：旅行，旅游 tourist ：n. 游客
例句：We are planning a tour around the world. 我们正计划环球旅行。
【扩展】：辨析 tour/trip/travel
trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，也可以指长途旅行。在非正式用语中可代替journey。只作名词。
例句： We made a boat trip to the island last week and had a good time.
上周我们坐船去岛上游玩，玩的很开心。
I will be on a trip to / journey to the south next summer holiday.
明年暑假我回去南方旅行
tour 着重指旅行线路比较曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）参观、访问、（巡回）旅游、视察、购物、演出”等意思。可作动词和名词。
例句： I will tour the world in the future. 未来我会环游世界
travel作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概念。常指长时间、远距离的“旅行”。尤指出国旅行。可作动词和名词。其复数形式意思为“旅游笔记”、“游记”。
例句： At present, many people are fond of travel in their spare time.现在有许多人喜欢在闲暇时间去旅行。
【总结】
tour(n.)---“周游”。指途中在许多地方作短暂停留的观光游览。
trip(n.)---“旅行”。指来往有定的短距离旅行,强调在路上所花的时间和所走的路程。
travel(n.)---“旅行”。惯用复数形式。泛指旅行各地,表示旅行的路途远,时间长。
四、protect：保护，防护
protect……from/ against…… 保护……使不受……
例句：He wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunshine.
他戴着太阳镜遮挡强烈的阳光。
【扩展】protection：不可数名词，“保护，防御”
under the protection of…… 在……保护下
例句：The chicks are under the protection of the hen. 小鸡们处在母鸡的保护下。
五、 Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.
更加严峻的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。
【解析】
1、include：v. “包括，包含”，指包含其中的一部分
例：The price includes both house and furniture.
【扩展】include：做动词，还可意为“算再内，列在里面”
例句：Please include me in your group.
included：形容词，无比较级，一般位于名词或代词之后。
例句：Everyone laughed, me included. 每个人都笑了，包括我。
including：介词，意为“包括，包含在内”；
例句：Everyone laughed, including me.
2、condition：n. “条件，状况” 在表示“在……情况或环境下”通常用“in”或“under”.（当“条件，地位”讲时，多位可数名词；当“状态，状况”讲时，多为不可数名词）
例句：It’s terrible to study in such conditions. 在这种条件下学习非常糟糕。
The old man is in good condition. 这个老人身体状况很好。
【扩展】on condition that + 从句：在……条件下，例句果……
例：He can use the bike on condition that he returns it tomorrow.
他可以使用自行车，条件是明天必须归还。
六、succeed v. 成功，实现目标
例句：His plan succeeded.
【扩展】
1、succeed in doing sth 成功做成某事
例句：At last he succeed in solving the problem.
2、success：不可数名词，“成功”
例句： Failure is the mother of success.
【注意】success 表示抽象意义的“成功”，是不可数的；表示具体意 义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数的。例句： He is a success in business. 在事业上他很成功。
3、successful ：形容词，“成功的”，
例句： The performs was very successful. 演出很成功。
七、achieve：及物动词，“达到；完成；成功”，其宾语可以是“实现”的目标、目的；也可为“取得”的胜利、名誉、地位等。
【扩展】
1、achieve有时与this，that，what，all，much，anything，nothing，a little等代词连用时，表“获得（成功），取得（成就）”
例句：No one can achieve anything without hard work.
2、achievement：n. 成就，业绩（可数）；达到，成功（不可数）
例句： Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement.
首次飞跃大西洋是一项了不起的业绩。
八、This elephant weighs many times more than this panda. 这只大象比这只熊猫重许多倍
【解析】
1、weigh ：v. 有……重，重
A.表示“重（多少）”，为系动词。
例句：He weighs 60 kilos. 他重60千克。
B.表示“称……的重量”为及物动词
例句：He weighed the fish. 他称了这条鱼。
【扩展】weight：不可数名词，“重量，体重”
例句：What’s the weight of the sheep 这只羊的体重是多少？
2、many times more than “比……多许多倍”
常见倍数表达法：
A+倍数+形容词或副词比较级+than +B A比B大（长，高，宽等）多少倍
例句：This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.
A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+ B A正好是B的多少倍
例句：Asia is four times as large as Europe.
……times +more +名词+than+被比对象
例句：There are five times more books in our library than in yours.
我们图书馆的书比你们的图书馆多四倍
九、every two years:“每两年”
every 与数词或few，other等连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，其形式为：
1、every+基数词+复数名词
例句：I go there every three days. 我每隔两天（每三天）到那儿去一趟。
2、every + few +复数名词 “每隔几……”
例句：I go there every few days. 我每隔几天去一次。
十、【辨析】die from 与die of
表示死的原因，die 后既可接介词 of，也可接 from, 两者的区别是：
1）若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因)，一般用介词 of。
例句：die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病 (心脏病，癌症，发烧等)
2）若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介词 from 。
例句： die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故，雷击等)
3）若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则可用 of, from 均可。
例句：die of [from] a drink ( a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc)
死于饮酒(受伤，劳累过度，饥饿，饥寒等)
十一、短语归纳：
1.take in 吸入，吞入（体内） 2. In the face of 面对 3. At birth 出生时
4.talk about 谈论 5. As you can see 正例句你所看到
6.As far as I know 据我所知 7. mountain climbing 登山
8. give up 放弃 9. up to 直到
10. Prepare… to…为……作准备 11. walk into 撞到 12.fall over 摔倒
13. take care of 照顾 14. die from 死于 15.cut down 砍到 16. or so 大约，左右 17. in the future 将来
18. because of 因为 19. in danger 处于
十二、语法聚焦
（一）对于物体长、宽、高、深度 、面积的表达
eg. 20米长 20 meters long
10米宽 10 miters wide
15米深 15 meters deep
150平方米 150 square meters
（二）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
1、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则
2、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1）比较级考点
① 比较级修饰问题：a little, a bit, even, still, much, a lot, far 等可修饰比较级。
例句： Tom is a little taller than Jim.
This book is much more interesting than that one.
② 同级比较
例句： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Xi’an.
Our school is bigger than yours.
③ the + 比较级+ of the two …
例句： Lucy is the fatter of the two girls.
④ “a/an + 比较级” 表示“又一，再一”
例句：Lily has a doll, but she wants a bigger one.
⑤ 隐性比较（没有than的情况）
例句： Who runs faster, Lucy or Lily
You’d better come earlier next time.
He worked hard last term, but he works even harder this term.
⑥比较级 + and + 比较级 “越来越...... ”
例句：It’s getting colder and colder.
⑥the + 比较级 + 句子，the + 比较级 + 句子 “越……越……”
例句： The more you exercise, the better you are.
⑦ “比较级+ than any other +单数名词 /（other+ 可数名词复数）
例句：Beijing is larger than any other city in China.
⑧ 表示“几倍于···”时，用“倍数+比较级+ than”表示。倍数用……times 表示
例句：Your room is three times bigger than mine.
2） 最高级考点
说明：形容词的最高级前必须加the; 副词的最高级前省略the。
① 范围问题
例句： Tom is the tallest student in the class.
Spring is the best season of the year.
② “......之一”问题
例句：Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world.
③ “the + 序数词 + 最高级”
例句：I think he is the second tallest boy in his class.
比较级和最高级的转换
例句： Tom is the tallest student in the class.
= Tom is taller than any other student in the class.
= Tom is taller than all the other students in the class.
= No other students are taller than Tom.
3） 同级比较
① as + adj./adv. + as
例句：She is as thin as Lily.
He writes as carefully as Linda.
② not + as/so + adj./adv. + as
例句：Tony didn't run so fast as Carter
一、单项选择
1．I think swimming is ________ than running.
A．exciting B．more exciting C．most exciting D．the most exciting
2．If you want to ________ great success in you work, you need to work hard.
A．accept B．achieve C．arrive D．appear
3．All the four people died ________ the car accident.
A．across B．during C．from D．through
4．She was ready to ________ her life to save her own country.
A．raise B．remind C．realize D．risk
5．—Quan Hongchan did a really good job in the Olympics. I think she will be better in the future.
—I think so. ________ you work, ________ you will be.
A．The harder; the more luckier B．The hardest; the luckier
C．The harder; the luckier D．The hardest; the more luckier
6．Water is the cheapest drink. And it’s also ________.
A．healthier B．healthiest C．the healthier D．the healthiest
7．This museum is very famous. About ________ people visit it every day.
A．two thousands of B．two thousands C．two thousand of D．two thousand
8．We are really in a terrible ________! If we don’t act to protect the ________, we’ll lose everything!
A．condition; situation B．situation; condition
C．environment; situation D．situation; environment
9．The first settlers(移民) from England were in a hard ________ when they arrived in America because it was a cold winter and they had ________ food.
A．condition; little B．situation; little C．condition; a little D．situation; a little
10．—Bob, I want to buy a car, but I don’t have enough money. Do you have any good ideas
—Why not buy a used car My cousin has one in perfect ________.
A．condition B．situation C．communication D．information
二、完形填空
Emperor penguins（帝企鹅）are the largest penguins on the earth. For many months each year, they live near the sea. However, in May, the weather gets colder and ice ____11____ large areas of the ocean. They have to go somewhere else that is many kilometers away. There, each mother penguin lays（产）an egg. Then all the hungry ____12____ must walk back to the ocean to find food. This leaves the job of keeping the eggs ____13____ to the father penguins.
The father penguins put eggs on top of their feet. In this way, they keep the eggs at body temperature for two months. The job is ____14____ easy. By July, it is winter in Antarctica. Most animals ____15____ warmer places, but the father penguins stay. During this time, without food, a father penguin can ____16____ almost half of his body weight.
By August, the mother penguin returns in time to see her baby come out of its egg. The baby is then moved to her brood pouch（育儿袋）. This can be ____17____. If the baby falls, it can freeze（冻住）quickly. So the parents must be ____18____. Once this is done, the hungry father penguin returns to the ocean to find food.
Over the next few months, penguin parents take turns going to the ocean for ____19____. They each make the trip several times, bringing back something to eat for the baby.
By December, winter is ending. The little penguin is about five ____20____ old and can live on its own.
11．A．changes B．carries C．passes D．covers
12．A．fathers B．mothers C．adults D．kids
13．A．warm B．thin C．heavy D．cool
14．A．already B．almost C．never D．quite
15．A．give up B．clean up C．leave for D．ask for
16．A．hide B．lose C．use D．need
17．A．easy B．difficult C．boring D．interesting
18．A．joyful B．excited C．anxious D．careful
19．A．water B．exercise C．food D．help
20．A．days B．weeks C．months D．years
三、阅读单选
Dolphins(海豚) are one of the cleverest animals in the world. We may hear of many stories about how dolphins save people out of water.
Dolphins often eat fish and some other sea animals. A dolphin with a weight of 200kg to 250kg will eat 10kg to 25kg of fish every day. They like to swim with other dolphins and usually hunt(捕猎) in groups.
Dolphins have very good hearing. They use it to find things under the water. Many scientists also believe dolphins can even talk to each other through a special whistle(哨声). People from different areas(地方) don’t speak the same language. Just like people, dolphins’ whistles have many kinds. One day we may understand dolphins’ whistles, and then they will be able to tell us about themselves.
Dolphins live in the sea, but they are not a kind of fish and they don’t lay eggs. They have babies in the same way as cows and cats do, and give their babies milk. A female dolphin has a baby every two to three years.
Dolphins are very friendly. Sadly, there are not many kinds of dolphins left. People killed them for many years for food and other things. Now it’s time to stop this and perhaps there will be more of them in the years to come.
21．If a dolphin weighs 240kg, how much of fish may it eat every day
A．5kg. B．16kg. C．30kg. D．35kg.
22．How do dolphins find things under the water
A．By taste. B．By smell. C．By hearing. D．By touch.
23．What can’t dolphins do according to this passage
A．Lay eggs. B．Talk to each other. C．Give babies milk. D．Save people out of water.
24．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
A．Dolphins are a kind of fish. B．Dolphins eat fish and some other sea animals.
C．Dolphins usually hunt in groups. D．People may understand dolphins’ whistles some day.
25．Which is the best title for the passage
A．What dolphins eat B．Where dolphins live
C．How dolphins are swimming D．Something about dolphins
Coronado was born in 1953. Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 6: 30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captain’s（船长）feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano（火山）was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Coronado grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1957. It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Coronado. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
26．Coronado is ________.
A．an island not far from Iceland B．a new volcano
C．a fishing boat D．a place in Iceland
27．Scientists flew there ________.
A．to watch the birth of the island B．to save the fishing boat
C．to learn about the island D．to build a house
28．When did scientist fly there to watch
A．Before the volcano broke out. B．As soon as the volcano broke out.
C．About four days after the volcano broke out. D．After the volcano stopped rushing up.
29．Put the following sentences in correct order.
a. The captain found the boat was moving.
b. A new island appeared in the sea.
c. Fire, smoke and rocks were seen rushing up.
d. A fishing boat was near Iceland.
e. The island grew quickly.
A．d—a—c—b—e B．a—b—c—d—e C．a—b—e—c—d D．b—e—d—a—c
30．The best title of this article is ________.
A．A new island B．The birth of an island C．A new world D．Scientists discovered Coronado
Pitco is a special dog from Brazil（巴西）. Why do I say so Because he can go shopping all by himself. Every day, Pitco goes to Agro Pet to get his food. That makes him popular.
“Everybody knows Pitco,” says the animal doctor of the shop. “Sometimes, when he can’t get what he wants, he barks（吠叫）until we give it to him.”
After Pitco gets his food, he goes home. Of course, the shop doesn’t just give Pitco his food for free. Agro Pet puts everything Pitco takes on a notebook, and later his owner（主人）comes by to pay（付费）.
But as a good boy, Pitco does not only think about himself and his own food. Sometimes his owner asks him to buy food for his other pets. And Pitco is very happy to go to the shop and bring the food back home for the other pets in the family.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
31．What’s special about Pitco
A．He can go shopping by himself. B．He comes from Brazil.
C．He never barks at the doctor. D．He works for Agro Pet.
32．What does Pitco do when he can’t get things
A．He asks his owner for help. B．He tries his best to jump high.
C．He barks to ask people for help. D．He leaves to get more dogs to come.
33．Who will pay for Pitco
A．Agro Pet. B．His owner. C．Pitco himself. D．Some kind people.
34．According to（根据）the last paragraph, Pitco’s owner ___________.
A．cares about Pitco very much B．is also the owner of Agro Pet
C．feels happy to get food for Pitco D．has got other pets at home
35．From the passage, we learn that Pitco is a ___________ dog.
A．quiet B．happy C．clever D．dirty
四、语法填空
根据短文内容及所给提示，在文中的空白处填写一个正确的单词。
Gardening is my favourite hobby. On my ____36____ (five) birthday, someone gave me flowers. I could ____37____ (look) at the flowers for a long time.
My family usually spend summer in our summer house in a small village not far ____38____ my hometown. It is ____39____ (please) to grow vegetables. My father helps ____40____ (I) take care of the plants. I grow my favourite flowers there. Winter jasmine and tulips are the ____41____ (early) flowers to come out in my garden in spring. I’m considering ____42____ (make) a small flowerbed for roses. Roses are very beautiful, ____43____ they are not easy to grow.
In ____44____ word, I really enjoy gardening. I hope to be a ____45____ (garden) in the future.
五、材料作文
46．假设你是“绿色家园”环保组织的成员李明，现在正在向初中学生讲述植物的重要性并倡议学生们要保护它们。请根据下列要点写一篇关于植物的重要性(The Importance of Plants)的作文，可适当发挥，词数70词左右。
提示
(1)What plants can you see in our daily life
(2)What do plants need to grow well
(3)Why are plants important (至少三点)
提示词：environment环境
要求：1. 短文必须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。
2. 不得出现真实人名地名校名。
3. 词数：不少于70词，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。书写规范整洁。
The Importance of Plants
My name is Li Ming. I am lucky to be here. Now, I want to say something about plants. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
1．B
【解析】句意：我认为游泳比跑步更刺激。
考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，空处需用形容词比较级。故选B。
2．B
【解析】句意：如果你想在你的工作中取得很大的成功，你需要努力工作。
考查动词辨析。accept接受；achieve实现；arrive到达；appear出现。根据“great success”可知，此处指获得成功，要用achieve。故选B。
3．C
【解析】句意：这四个人都死于车祸。
考查介词辨析。across从……（外部）穿过；during在……期间；from因为（表示原因）；through从……（内部）穿过。根据“All the four people died ... the car accident.”可知，此处指死于车祸；die from“死于”，固定短语。故选C。
4．D
【解析】句意：她准备冒着生命危险拯救自己的国家。
考查动词辨析。raise筹集；remind提醒；realize意识到；risk冒险。根据“her life to save her own country.”可知是指冒着生命危险来拯救自己的祖国，risk one’s life to do“冒着生命危险去做”。故选D。
5．C
【解析】句意：——全红婵在奥运会上真的做得很好。我认为她将来会更好。——我也是这么觉得的。你工作得越努力，你就越幸运。
考查比较级的用法。hard努力地，副词，harder更努力地，比较级，hardest最努力地，最高级；lucky幸运的，形容词，luckier更幸运的，比较级。解析句子可知，此处使用比较级结构the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，就越……”。故选C。
6．D
【解析】句意：水是最便宜的饮料。它也是最健康的。
考查最高级。根据“Water is the cheapest drink.”可知，此处指水和其他饮料的比较，三者以上用最高级，形容词最高级前加定冠词the。故选D。
7．D
【解析】句意：这个博物馆很出名。每天大约有两千人来参观。
考查thousand用法。thousand被具体的数字修饰时，其后不加-s，且通常不与of连用，前面没有具体数字时，要加s，其后要加of，故选D。
8．D
【解析】句意：我们的处境真的很糟糕！如果我们不采取行动保护环境，我们将失去一切！
考查名词辨析。condition条件，指的是一种环境或条件；situation状况，指的是一种状态或情况；environment环境。根据“We are really in a terrible”可知是处于一种糟糕的状态，用situation，排除AC；根据“protect the...”可知是保护环境。故选D。
9．A
【解析】句意：第一批来自英国的移民抵达美国时处境艰难，因为那是一个寒冷的冬天，他们几乎没有食物。
考查词义辨析。condition状况，指一种环境或生活条件；situation情况，一种状态或局面。根据“because it was a cold winter”可知，第一空表示移民者的生活环境很差，用condition。little很少，表否定；a little一点儿，表肯定。根据“in a hard condition”可知，他们的食物很少，第二空用little。故选A。
10．A
【解析】句意：——鲍勃，我想买一辆车，但我没有足够的钱。你有什么好主意吗？——为什么不买一辆二手车？我表弟有一辆车况很好的二手车。
考查名词辨析。condition状态；situation情况；communication交流；information信息。根据“Why not buy a used car My cousin has one in perfect…”可知，此处指车的状态不错，应用condition。故选A。
11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．C 16．B 17．B 18．D 19．C 20．C
【解析】本文讲了帝企鹅，并详细地介绍了它的体貌特征、孵化和小企鹅的成长等。
11．句意：然而，在五月，天气变冷，冰覆盖了大片海洋。
changes改变；carries携带；passes通过；covers覆盖。根据前面的“the weather gets colder”可知，天气更冷了，应该是冰覆盖了海洋大部分的面积。故选D。
12．句意：然后所有饥饿的妈妈们必须走回海洋去寻找食物。
fathers爸爸；mothers妈妈；adults成年人；kids孩子。根据第三段的“By August, the mother penguin returns in time to see her baby come out of its egg.”可知，是所有饥饿的母企鹅必须回到海洋寻找食物吃。故选B。
13．句意：这就把保持企鹅蛋温暖的工作留给了企鹅爸爸。
warm暖和的；thin瘦的；heavy重的；cool凉爽的。根据下文“The father penguins put eggs on top of their feet. In this way, they keep the eggs at body temperature for two months.” 可知，是保持蛋的温暖。故选A。
14．句意：这项工作从来都不容易。
already已经；almost几乎；never从不；quite相当。根据下文“but the father penguins stay”可知，这工作从来不是容易的。故选C。
15．句意：大多数动物都去了温暖的地方，但企鹅爸爸留下来了。
give up放弃；clean up打扫；leave for出发前往；ask for寻求。根据上文“By July, it is winter in Antarctica.”可知，冬天到了，南极洲大部分动物都会前往更暖和的地方。故选C。
16．句意：在这段时间内，没有食物，企鹅爸爸可以减掉几乎一半的体重。
hide隐藏；lose丢失，减少；use使用；need需要。根据句中的“without food”可知，没有食物，公企鹅几乎会减少一半的重量。故选B。
17．句意：这可能很难。
easy容易的；difficult困难的；boring无聊的；interesting有趣的。根据下文“If the baby falls, it can freeze（冻住）quickly.”可知，这可能是很困难的。故选B。
18．句意：所以父母必须小心谨慎。
joyful高兴的；excited兴奋的；anxious焦急的；careful小心的。根据上文“If the baby falls, it can freeze（冻住）quickly.”可知，小企鹅掉下来可能会被冻住，因此父母必须要小心。故选D。
19．句意：在接下来的几个月里，企鹅父母轮流去海洋觅食。
water水；exercise运动；food食物；help帮助。根据下文“They each make the trip several times, bringing back something to eat for the baby.”可知，公企鹅和母企鹅都要去海洋里寻找食物，然后带回来给企鹅宝宝吃。故选C。
20．句意：这只小企鹅大约五个月大，可以自己生活了。
days天；weeks周；months月；years年。根据第一段的“in May” 以及最后一段的“By December, winter is ending.”可知，从企鹅产卵到小企鹅长大，经历了几个月，所以小企鹅是5个月大了。故选C。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．A 25．D
【解析】本文主要介绍了海豚的生活习惯及海豚的特性。
21．细节理解题。根据“A dolphin with a weight of 200kg to 250kg will eat 10kg to 25kg of fish every day.”可知，体重在200公斤到250公斤之间的海豚每天会吃掉10公斤到25公斤的鱼。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据“Dolphins have very good hearing. They use it to find things under the water. ”可知，海豚通过听觉在水下寻找食物。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“Dolphins live in the sea, but they are not a kind of fish and they don’t lay eggs”可知，海豚不会产卵，故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据“Dolphins live in the sea, but they are not a kind of fish”可知，海豚不是一种鱼，故选A。
25．最佳标题题。文章主要讲了海豚的生活习惯及特性，用“Something about dolphins”做标题最合适。故选D。
26．A 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B
【解析】本文主要介绍了科罗纳多岛屿在火山爆发之下是如何形成的，并且科学家见证了它的形成。
26．细节理解题。根据“Coronado was born in 1953. Scientists saw the birth of this island.”可知科罗纳多是座岛屿。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“Scientists flew there to watch...Coronado grew and grew.”可知，科学家们飞往那里观看科罗纳多岛的诞生。故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据“It began at 6: 30 a.m. on 14th November.”及“It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch.”可知，火山于1月14日上午6: 30开始爆发，1月18日科学家到达那里，故可推断，科学家在火山爆发大约四天后飞到那里观看的。故选C。
29． 细节理解题。通读全文可知，下列句子的正确顺序是A fishing boat was near Iceland.；The boat moved under the captain’s（船长）feet.；A volcano（火山）was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea.；The island grew quickly.正确顺序是：d—a—c—b—e。故选A。
30．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了科罗纳多岛屿在火山爆发之下是如何形成的。故选B。
31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．C
【解析】本文主要讲述了一只来自巴西的狗，它可以自己去购物。
31．细节理解题。根据“Pitco is a special dog from Brazil（巴西）. Why do I say so Because he can go shopping all by himself.”可知，它能够自己去购物。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据“Sometimes, when he can’t get what he wants, he barks（吠叫）until we give it to him.”可知，有时，当他得不到他想要的东西时，他会吠叫，直到我们把它给他。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据“Of course, the shop doesn’t just give Pitco his food for free. Agro Pet puts everything Pitco takes on a notebook, and later his owner（主人）comes by to pay（付费）.”可知，他的主人会来付钱，故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据“Sometimes his owner asks him to buy food for his other pets.”可知，有时主人还会让他为其他宠物买食物，所以他的主人养了其他的宠物。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据文意可知，Pitco会自己去购物，所以它是一只聪明的小狗。故选C。
36．fifth 37．look 38．from 39．pleasing 40．me 41．earliest 42．making 43．but 44．a 45．gardener
【解析】本文介绍了作者的爱好——园艺。
36．句意：在我五岁生日那天，有人送了我花。根据“birthday”可知是指五岁生日，需用序数词，表示顺序。故填fifth。
37．句意：我可以很长时间地看着这些花。“could”后跟动词原形。故填look。
38．句意：我们家通常在离我家乡不远的一个小村庄的避暑别墅里避暑。far from表示“远离”。故填from。
39．句意：种蔬菜是令人愉快的。be动词后跟形容词作表语；此处是指种蔬菜令人愉悦，用形容词pleasing“令人愉悦的”。故填pleasing。
40．句意：我爸爸帮我照顾植物。动词helps后跟代词宾格。故填me。
41．句意：迎春花和郁金香是我花园里春天最早开放的花。根据“in my garden in spring.”和“the”可知，此处需用最高级，表示“最早开放的花”。故填earliest。
42．句意：我正在考虑为玫瑰做一个小花坛。consider doing sth表示“考虑做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填making。
43．句意：玫瑰很漂亮，但是不容易种植。解析句子可知，前后是转折关系。故填but。
44．句意：总之，我真的很喜欢园艺。In a word“总而言之”，固定短语。故填a。
45．句意：我希望将来成为一名园丁。根据“I hope to be a...”可知，是成为园丁(gardener)；冠词a后跟名词单数形式。故填gardener。
46．例文
The Importance of Plants
My name is Li Ming. I am lucky to be here. Now, I want to say something about plants.
Plants are very common in our daily life. There are many trees and flowers around us. Plants need sunlight and rain to grow well. They are very important to us. First, plants can provide us with fruit, medicine, wood and so on. Secondly, plants provide oxygen for human beings and beautify the environment. Finally, plants can also provide homes and enough food for animals and birds.
So we should protect the environment, and we should plant trees every year.
【解析】[总体解析]
①题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：根据所给提示完成写作，不能遗漏信息，可适当发挥。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍日常生活中的植物；
第二步，介绍植物需要什么才能长得好；
第三步，最后介绍植物很重要的原因。
[亮点词汇]
①be important to对……重要
②provide sth for sb为某人提供某物
③beautify the environment美化环境
[高分句型]
So we should protect the environment, and we should plant trees every year.（and连接两个并列结构）