unit1知识点精讲精练（含答案）2022-2023学年英语八年级下册（人教新目标版）

Unit 1 What's the matter
一、What’s the matter 怎么啦？出什么事情了？
【句法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。
即： What’s the matter (with sb.)
【词法】matter n. 问题；事情 (matter还可以做动词，“要紧；关系重大”)
What’s the matter (with you)
= What’s the trouble (with you)
= What’s wrong (with you) 你怎么了？
【注意】：matter 和trouble 为名词, 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是adj.不能加the.
【拓展】matter的用法： It doesn’t matter 没关系 （用来回答别人道歉时的用语）
【例题】—_________
— I have a headache and I don’t feel like eating anything.
How are you B. What can I do for you
C. What’s the matter with you D. How do you like it
【例题】— I’m sorry to break your pen.
—_______
A. That’s right B. It doesn’t matter C. Thank you
二、I have + 疾病名称 （have a cold 感冒；have a fever 发烧）
身体部位名称-ache （have a headache 头疼）
sore 身体部位名称 （have sore throat 喉咙疼）
三、need v. 需要
1、用于肯定句是实义动词
(1) need sth. 需要某物 I need your help.
(2) 人做主语，sb. need to do sth. 某人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water
(3) 物做主语，sth. need doing sth. = sth. need to be done My TV set needs repairing.
【例题】I need __________(come) to the office quickly, because some work need _______(finish) at once.
2、用于否定句是情态动词
needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要
must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用must；否定回答用need。
【例题】— Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr. Zhao
— No, you ______ .You may give it to me tomorrow.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. may not
四、lie v. (—lay) 躺 ；平躺
1、lie → lay → lain v. 躺 (现在分词lying )
lie down 躺下
lie down and rest 躺下休息
2、lie→ lied → lied v. 撒谎 (现在分词lying )
lie to sb. 向某人撒谎
tell a lie/tell lies 撒谎
五、break v. 破；碎 （break-broke-broken）
n. 休息
have a break/have breaks 休息
【拓展】broken adj. 破碎的
六、hurt-hurt-hurt v. 受伤 （及物动词&不及物动词）
例句：1. I hurt my leg.
2. My leg hurts.
七、get off 下车 get on 上车
【拓展】与get相关的短语：
get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克服；度过
get on／along well with与……相处融洽 get in a word插话 get to到达
八、get into 陷入；参与 get out of 离开；从…出来
get into trouble 陷入困境
九、breathe v. 呼吸
breath n. 呼吸
十、climb （v. 爬）— climber （n. 攀爬者）
十一、run—ran —run v. 跑；冲洗；运行
run out （of ）=use up 用完
【辨析】run out of 其主语通常是人，后可接宾语
例句：We ran out of water. 我们用完水了。
run out 其主语通常是物，后不可接宾语（本身就表示被动，不需要变被动）
例句：The money ran out. 钱用完了。
【拓展】 run across 偶然遇见 run after 追求，追逐 run away 逃跑
十二、cut off 切除
【归纳】cut的短语：
Cut down 砍倒 cut up 切碎
Cut out 删除 cut in 插入
十三、mean → meant → meant v. 意味着→ meaning n. 意思→meaningless adj. 毫无意义的
1、mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
2、mean to do sth. 打算做某事
十四、give up 放弃
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
【拓展】give的短语：
give out 分发 give in 屈服
give away 捐赠 give back 归还
十五、be used to (doing) 习惯于（做）；适应于（做）
1、use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完
2、use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事
3、used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。
be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
be used to do sth. =be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事
十六、foot n. 脚；足；英尺；底部（复数：feet）
十七、trouble n. 问题；苦恼
In trouble 处于困境中
get into trouble 陷入困境
have trouble （in） doing sth. 做某事有问题
十八、accident n. 交通事故；意外遭遇
accidental adj. 意外的
by accident/chance 意外地；偶然地
十九、importance （n. 重要性）— important （adj. 重要的）
二十、decision n. 决定
decide v. 决定
【搭配】decide to do sth. 决定做某事
make a decision/ decisions 做决定
make a decision/decisions to do sth. 决定做某事
二十一、death n. 死亡-die v. 死-dead adj. 死的-dying adj. 垂死的
二十二、feel sick 生病；不舒服
【辨析】sick /ill adj. 生病的
1、sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。
be sick of … “讨厌；厌恶……” sick person = patient“病人”
(2) ill adj. “生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语， be ill in hospital 生病住院
ill → illness n.“病；疾病”
【例题】I think her (ill) is very serious. 我认为她的病是很严重。
【例题】The ___ girl was sent to hospital by her mother yesterday.
A. sick B. ill C. good D. well
二十三、反身代词
1、反身代词的构成
◆一、二人称的反身代词
构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成
单数 myself yourself
复数 ourselves yourselves
◆ 第三人称的反身代词
构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves
单数： himself herself itself
复数： themselves
2、反身代词的常见搭配：
enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴
teach oneself=learn …by oneself 自学
by oneself =alone 独自
introduce oneself to 自我介绍
3、反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。
【例题】 ---I’ll have a tennis game tomorrow. I’m a little bit nervous.
---Believe in ______. You’re the best in our club.
A. herself B. myself C. yourself D. himself
二十四、She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water.
她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。
【词法1】too much/too many/much too
短语 含义 用法 例句
too much 太多 后接不可数名词 There is too much rain these days
修饰动词，放在动词之后 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
too many 太多 后接可数名词复数 There are too many things for me to do every day.
much too 太 修饰形容词或副词 It’s much too cold in winter.
【词法2】enough 的用法
(1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 enough time
(2) adv. “足够地， 十分，相当”
修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后 expensive enough
(3) be +adj. +enough to do sth；be strong enough to carry the box.
二十五、But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.但令他吃惊的是，所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。
【词法1】
surprise：⑴v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 →surprised adj. 吃惊的
surprise sb 使某人吃惊 例句：The bad news surprised me.
be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶
be surprised + that从句 因...而惊讶
⑵ n 惊讶”
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
in surprise 吃惊地
【练习】
1.__________________(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.
2.We are ____________at the _____________news.(surprise)
3.______his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain.
A. At B. To C. In D. On
【词法2】agree v→ (反)disagree – agreement n同意
(1) agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you.
(2)agree to do sth 同意做某事
【注意】agree和disagree的用法一样
二十六、own adj. 自己的
v. 拥有 → owner n. 所有者，物主
【词组】one’s own 某人自己的
of one’s own /one’s own +n 某人自己的 (one’s 要用adj. 物主代词代替)
如：I want to have a big house of my own.= I want to have my own house.
二十七、Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.
然后， 他用左手给自己绑上绷带， 以至于不流太多的血
so that 以便，为了引导目的状语从句,从句常出现情态动词may/ might .can/ could等。
例句：The boy spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly.
为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句)
【拓展】
1、so/such…that… 如此…以致于…
例句：I am so tired that I want to sleep right now。我是如此的累以至于我想马上睡觉。
例句: She is such a great girl that we all like her. 她是如此一个好的女孩以至于我们都喜欢她。
2、too adj. to do sth. 太…而不能…
例句： My sister is too young to go to school。 我妹妹是如此的小以至于不能去上学。
二十八、感官动词
感官动词+adj.
感官动词+like …起来像…
例如： feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像 taste like 尝起来像
感官动词+do/doing
例如：see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事
See sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
二十九、free
1、adj. “免费的；自由的；空闲的” — freely adv.
2、v. “使自由”
三十、本单元必备短语：
have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽
3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多
5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒
7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼
9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息
11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医
13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one’ s temperature 量体温
15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热
17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末
19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生
21. go along 沿着……走 22. on the side of the road 在马路边
23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without thinking twice 没有多想
25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病
27. to one’ s surprise 使.......惊讶的 28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于
29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命
31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻；马上
33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开;从……出萍
35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎
37. fa ll down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心
39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难
43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
45. run out (of) 用完;用尽 46. so that 以便
47. so. . . that 如此… …以至于… 48. be in control of 掌管;管理
49. in a difficult situation 在困境中 50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事
51. make a decision 做出决定 52. take risks 冒险
53. give up 放弃
一、完形填空
It was a cloudy afternoon. I was walking in the park near ____1____ neighborhood. The wind was blowing hard and I knew it was about to rain. Even so, I didn’t want to go home. I had a terrible argument with my ____2____ and ran out of the house just 10 minutes earlier.
I sat down near a lake. There were many children playing with their ____3____ nearby. They ran after each other and laughed loudly, but I felt a little ____4____.
“Shall we play together ” A little girl came ____5____ me holding a ball in her hands. I agreed and she handed me the ball with a sweet smile.
____6____ it began to rain, all the children at the lakeside went home with their parents.“ Where are your parents ” I asked the girl.
“ My mom is ____7____ candied fruit outside the park. She seldom takes care of me,” the girl explained. “I usually play alone here. It’s OK if you need to go home now. I am ____8____ enough to stay here and wait for my mom.”
“But it’s raining,” I said. “You’d better not be here alone when it’s dark.”
“It’s no problem. Mom won’t leave me alone. She is coming soon,” the girl replied. “She is my mom, even if she ____9____ cares for her daughter.”
A 5-year-old girl taught me to ____10____ and believe in my mom. Should I listen to her and say sorry to my mom
In the end, I took the little girl to her mom’s vending cart and then ____11____ home quickly.
Opening the door, my mom was close to tears: “Where have you been I ____12____ you everywhere! See how ____13____ your coat is! Don’t come to my room even if you get a ____14____ tonight! ”
But I knew she wasn’t angry any more. After taking a shower, I heard her ____15____ outside my room: “Dinner time! Come out if you feel like eating some fish balls...”
1．A．his B．my C．your D．her
2．A．daughter B．father C．mother D．sister
3．A．friends B．classmates C．teachers D．parents
4．A．angry B．worried C．nervous D．lonely
5．A．with B．towards C．past D．behind
6．A．When B．While C．After D．Until
7．A．eating B．cooking C．selling D．shopping
8．A．old B．strong C．early D．happy
9．A．usually B．hardly C．never D．always
10．A．love B．live C．study D．like
11．A．left B．ran C．went D．came
12．A．looked for B．looked after C．looked up D．looked at
13．A．hot B．dry C．dirty D．wet
14．A．cough B．stomachache C．cold D．toothache
15．A．crying B．smiling C．laughing D．shouting
二、阅读单选
People already know a lot about animals. However, there are still some things about animals that may surprise you. Here are some facts about animals you probably didn’t know.
Cows do have best friends and they will feel nervous when they are separated. Scientists have found that cows are very social animals and a cow always makes friends with other cows. When a cow is with its friends, it feels relaxed, compared with when it lives with nobody.
During breeding season, a man penguin will offer a small stone to a woman penguin as a gift. If she takes it, they will become partners. When the woman penguin lays an egg, she and her partner may carry it on their feet, because some penguins don’t build their own nests.
Crocodiles swallow stones. Crocodiles always swallow their food instead of eating it like other animals. They swallow stones which break the food into very small pieces in their stomachs. In fact, these stones can belp them with digestion and they may stay in their stomachs all their lives.
Elephants use plants to treat pain or other illnesses. Scientists once found a pregnant elephant in Africa. It ate a kind of plant which was not part of her usual food. Four days later, she gave birth to a baby elephant. Some in Africa also use the same plant.
16．How many kinds of animals are there in the passage
A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five
17．The underlined word separated in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A．alone B．safe C．lost D．dangerous
18．What can we learn from the passage
A．Penguins always put the babies in their nests.
B．Elephants eat plants only when they are hungry.
C．Swallowing stones is not good for Crocodiles.
D．It’s more comfortable for cows to stay with their friends.
Zhuge Liang lived during the Three Kingdoms period. He was famous for his talent and loyalty(忠诚). When Zhuge Liang was young, he lived the life of a farmer in Nanyang. Liu Bei visited him three times.
Finally, Zhuge Liang agreed to do his best to help Liu Bei. A few years later, they set up the state of Shu.
After the death of Liu Bei, his son Liu Shan became the emperor of Shu. Zhuge Liang helped him rule the state. He was the prime minister(丞相), but he took care of everything, no matter how small. Because of his hard work, the state became much stronger than before.
At that time, the state of Wei was an enemy(敌人) of Shu. Zhuge Liang led his soldiers to fight against Wei many times. Before he left, Zhuge Liang wrote a letter to the emperor. At the end of the letter, he said, “I will devote(奉献) myself to the people and the country until the last day of my life.” The war between Shu and Wei lasted for a long time. Finally, Zhuge Liang became sick and died.
Zhuge Liang spent all his time working for his people and country. A great man like him will always be remembered.
19．Zhuge Liang was _______ when he lived in Nanyang.
A．a teacher B．a farmer C．a soldier D．an emperor
20．The state of Shu became much stronger because ________.
A．Zhuge Liang worked very hard B．Liu Bei was a good emperor
C．Liu Shan was a good emperor D．all of its soldiers were strong
21．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
A．We can know how many times Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang.
B．Zhuge Liang and Liu Shan set up the state of Shu.
C．Zhuge Liang led his soldiers to fight against Wei many times.
D．The war between Shu and Wei lasted for a long time.
22．The passage is a ________.
A．funny joke B．fairy tale C．historical story D．news story
The Sydney Opera House is one of the most famous landmarks (地标) in Australia. This summer holiday, I got the chance to visit it and find out what makes this building so great.
As our guide told us, the Sydney Opera House was built with a kind of self-cleaning material that is very rare even today.
First, we visited the Drama Hall. We learned about the designer of the Sydney Opera House—Danish architect Jorn Utzon. He was the winner of an international design competition. However, he designed the building according to his own tastes, which caused several problems. The project was completed 10 years late. The cost of construction (建造) was over budget (预算). Utzon didn’t get to see it after it was built.
Then, we visited Joan Sutherland Theatre. The theater was refurbished (翻新) in 2017 with new high-tech equipment. There was a rehearsal (排练) that day, so we could hear the beautiful sound of the orchestra. Finally, we arrived at the largest theater—Concert Hall. It has hosted many kinds of performances, from classical to rock music. A few years ago, a sports event was even held there.
Before we finished the tour, the guide told us the rest of Utzon’s story. In 1966, Utzon had an argument with the government and refused to give in. He had to leave the country. It was a hard time in his life. But many years later, people understood him and saw the building as a masterpiece.
From this tour, I learned that the opera house is not only a famous building, but a carrier of history and culture.
23．Which is the correct order of the author’s trip to the Sydney Opera House
A．Concert Hall—Drama Hall—Joan Sutherland Theatre
B．Drama Hall—Concert Hall—Joan Sutherland Theatre
C．Joan Sutherland Theatre—Concert Hall—Drama Hall
D．Drama Hall—Joan Sutherland Theatre—Concert Hall
24．According to the story, Jorn Utzon __________.
A．designed the Sydney Opera House with other people’s help
B．had an argument with the government over the building
C．won an international design competition in 1966
D．visited the Sydney Opera House before he left the country
25．What does the author think about the Sydney Opera House
A．It was a waste of money and not worth visiting.
B．It is the best place to visit in Australia.
C．It is a part of Australia’s history and culture.
D．It is famous because of its designer.
26．What does the underlined word “masterpiece” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．An expert on buildings.
B．A great work of art.
C．A master of designing.
D．A shocking piece of news.
27．What might be the best title for the article
A．Australia in my eyes
B．A legendary architect—Jorn Utzon
C．A trip to Sydney Opera House
D．A night at the opera
三、多句选词填空
用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
decide，important，kilo，mean，die
28．She bought two ________ of potatoes for dinner.
29．Think it over before making an important ________.
30．I don’t know the ________ of the new word at all.
31．We felt very sad for the man’s ________.
32．My parents always tell me the ________ of working hard.
选词或短语，并用其适当形式填空。
trouble, get off, fall down, to one’s surprise
33．________, most of the girls in my class want to be doctors.
34．She got into ________ and needed help. So she asked the teacher for some advice.
35．You shouldn’t ________ the bus until it stops.
36．Mind your steps as you go, or you’ll ________ onto the wet ground.
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次。
although, volunteer, own, stomach, no
37．________ here is a good way to make my dream come true.
38．________ it was very late at night, he still worked hard.
39．Nobody knows the ________ of the homeless dog.
40．Sarah had a ________ so she didn’t come to school.
41．Because of his bad habits, ________ of his classmates like him.
四、书信作文
42．假定你是一位在中国学习的美国学生Ken，请你根据以下要点给在美国的祖母写一封信，介绍你的一位好朋友(Cheng Tao)和你在一起的生活情况。
要点：
1、Cheng Tao比你更外向，经常跟你聊天，分享一切；
2、你们都喜欢运动，你们每天放学后打网球，Cheng Tao网球打得比你好；
3、你们都喜欢看动作电影，但Cheng Tao还喜爱看新闻，他认为从中可以弄清楚世界各地发生的事情；
4、上周日Cheng Tao带你去新华影院看电影，影片很精彩，你觉得这是镇上最好的影院，有最舒适的座位和最大的屏幕。
要求：
1、以上要点不要逐词翻译，结合内容适当发挥。
2、文章开头已给出，不计入总词数，你只须接着写。
3、词数：80词左右
Dear grandma,
How is everything going Now I’m studying in China. I have a good friend, Cheng Tao._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Ken
答案
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．D
【解析】
1．句意：我正走在街区附近的公园里。
his他的；my我的；your你的；her她的。根据本句主语“I”及语境可知，此处应对应物主代词my。故选B。
2．句意：就在十分钟之前，我和妈妈激烈争吵，然后我就从家里跑出来。
daughter女儿；father父亲；mother母亲；sister姐姐，妹妹。根据下文“Should I listen to her and say sorry to my mom ”可知 ，作者和母亲争吵。故选C。
3．句意：很多孩子和他们的父母正在附近玩耍。
friends朋友；classmates同班同学；teachers老师；parents父母亲。根据下文“...all the children at the lakeside went home with their parents.”可知，孩子们和他们的父母一起玩耍。当下雨时，他们就和父母一起回家了。故选D。
4．句意：他们互相追逐并大声地笑，但我却感到有点孤独。
angry生气的；worried担忧的；nervous紧张的；lonely孤独的，寂寞的。根据“I had a terrible argument with...”和“There were many children playing with...”可知，作者和妈妈争吵后就离家出走。当看到其他孩子和父母一起玩耍，她当时的感受应该是孤独、寂寞。故选D。
5．句意：一个手中抱着球的女孩向我走来。
with与……一起；towards朝，向；past经过；behind在……的后面。根据“ Shall we play together ”及语境可知，小女孩向我走来，并邀请我和她一起玩球。故选B。
6．句意：当天空开始下雨，湖边所有的孩子就和他们的父母一起回家。
When“当……时”，从句可用延续性动词也可用非延续性动词；While“当……时”，从句只能用延续性动词；After“在……以后”；Until“直到”。根据“...began to rain...”可知，此处指天空开始下雨时，且began为为延续时动词，应用when引导从句。故选A。
7．句意：我妈妈正在公园外卖果脯。
eating吃；cooking烹饪；selling出售；shopping购物。根据“She seldom takes care of me...”可知，小女孩的妈妈因忙于卖果脯，所以很少照顾她。故选C。
8．句意：我足够大了，能够待在这里等妈妈。
old年纪大的；strong强壮的；early早的；happy快乐的。根据“...enough to stay here and wait for my mom.”可知，此处指小女孩认为自己长大成熟了（年纪大），能够待在这里等妈妈。故选A。
9．句意：她是我的妈妈，尽管她几乎不关心她的女儿。
usually通常；hardly几乎不；never从不；always总是。根据上文“She seldom takes care of me...”可知，卖果脯的妈妈几乎不关心她的女儿，hardly与seldom呼应。故选B。
10．句意：一个五岁的女孩教会了我爱和信任母亲。
love爱；live居住；study学习；like喜欢。根据“believe in”可知，小女孩教会作者爱她的母亲。love与believe in互相呼应。故选A。
11．句意：最后，我把小女孩带到她妈妈的自动售货车上，然后迅速跑回家。
left离开；ran跑；went去；came来。根据“quickly”及语境可知，此处指作者迫不及待地跑回家。故选B。
12．句意：我到处找你。
looked for寻找；looked after照顾；looked up 查找，检查；looked at看。根据“Where have you been ”及语境可知，作者从家里跑出来后，妈妈到处寻找她。故选A。
13．句意：看看你的大衣多湿啊！
hot热的；dry干燥的；dirty脏的；wet湿的。根据“But it’s raining...”可知，当时天空正在下雨，所以作者的大衣是湿的。故选D。
14．句意：即使你今晚感冒了，也不要到我房间来！
cough咳嗽；stomachache胃痛；cold感冒；toothache牙痛。根据“See how...your coat is!”可知，作者的大衣淋湿后，可能会感冒。故选C。
15．句意：洗澡后，我听到她在房间外喊。
crying；哭；smiling微笑；laughing笑；shouting喊。根据“Dinner time! Come out if you feel like eating some fish balls…”可知，此处指作者的母亲喊她出来吃饭。故选D。
16．C 17．A 18．D
【解析】
16．细节理解题。根据“Cows do have best friends and they will feel nervous when they are separated.”、“During breeding season, a man penguin will offer a small stone to a woman penguin as a gift.”、“Crocodiles swallow stones.”和“Elephants use plants to treat pain or other illnesses.”可知，文章提到了奶牛、企鹅、鳄鱼和大象等4种动物。故选C。
17．词句猜测题。根据“Cows do have best friends and they will feel nervous when they are separated.”可知，奶牛拥有最好的朋友，当它们分离时，它们会感到紧张不安。separated在此意为“分开的，单独的”，与alone同义。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据“Cows do have best friends and they will feel nervous when they are separated.”可知，奶牛和好朋友分离时会紧张不安，由此可推断，奶牛和朋友们待在一起时会更舒适。故选D。
19．B 20．A 21．B 22．C
【解析】本文介绍了三国时期著名人物——诸葛亮。
19．细节理解题。根据“When Zhuge Liang was young, he lived the life of a farmer in Nanyang.”可知诸葛亮年轻时，在南阳过着农民的生活。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据“Because of his hard work, the state became much stronger than before.”可知由于诸葛亮非常努力，蜀国变得更加强大了。故选A。
21．细节理解题。根据“Finally, Zhuge Liang agreed to do his best to help Liu Bei. A few years later, they set up the state of Shu.”可知诸葛亮和刘备建立了蜀国，而不是刘禅，故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文介绍了三国时期著名人物——诸葛亮。所以文章是一篇历史故事，故选C。
23．D 24．B 25．C 26．B 27．C
【解析】本文主要介绍了澳大利亚的悉尼歌剧院。
23．细节理解题。根据“First, we visited the Drama Hall... Then, we visited Joan Sutherland Theatre... Finally, we arrived at the largest theater—Concert Hall”可知，参观路线是：Drama Hall—Joan Sutherland Theatre—Concert Hall，故选D。
24．细节理解题。根据“In 1966, Utzon had an argument with the government and refused to give in.”可知，Jorn Utzon和政府就大楼的事发生了争执，故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据“From this tour, I learned that the opera house is not only a famous building, but a carrier of history and culture.”可知，作者认为它是澳大利亚历史和文化的一部分，故选C。
26．词句猜测题。解析“It was a hard time in his life. But many years later, people understood him and saw the building as a masterpiece.”可知，那是他人生中的一段艰难时期，但许多年后，人们理解了他，把这座建筑视为杰作。此处masterpiece的意思是“杰作”，故选B。
27．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了作者去悉尼歌剧院参观的经历，所以C选项“悉尼歌剧院之旅”可作为本文最佳标题，故选C。
28．kilos 29．decision 30．meaning 31．death 32．importance
【解析】28．句意：晚餐她买了两公斤土豆。根据“two…of potatoes”和所给词提示可知是，两公斤土豆，kilo“公斤，千克”符合题意，由空格前数词“two”可知空格处用名词复数，kilo的复数形式是kilos，故填kilos。
29．句意：在做出重要决定之前仔细考虑一下。根据“Think it over before making an important…”和所给词提示可知是，做出重要决定，decide“决定”符合题意，由“an”可知用名词单数，decide是动词，其名词形式是decision，故填decision。
30．句意：我根本不知道这个新词的意思。根据“I don’t know the…of the new word at all”和所给词提示可知是，不知道这个新词的意思，mean“意思是”符合题意，由“the…of”可知空格处用名词形式，mean是动词，其名词形式是meaning，故填meaning。
31．句意：我们为那个人的死感到非常难过。根据“We felt very sad for the man’s…”和所给词提示可知是，那个人的死，die“死”符合题意，由名词所有格“man’s”可知空格处用名词形式，die是动词，其名词形式是death，故填death。
32．句意：我父母总是告诉我努力工作的重要性。根据“My parents always tell me the …of working hard”和所给词提示可知是，努力工作的重要性，important“重要的”符合题意，由“the…of”可知空格处用名词形式，important是形容词，其名词形式是importance，故填importance。
33．To my surprise 34．trouble 35．get off 36．fall down
【解析】33．句意：令我惊讶的是，我班里的大多数女生想成为医生。根据“...most of the girls in my class want to be doctors.”以及语境可知，空处表达的是惊讶之意，故to my surprise符合题意，因在句首，故首字母大写。故填To my surprise。
34．句意：她遇到了麻烦，需要帮助。于是她向老师寻求一些建议。根据“...and needed help. So she asked the teacher for some advice.”以及语境可知，她遇到了麻烦，因此get into trouble“陷入困境”符合题意。故填trouble。
35．句意：你应该在公共汽车停下来之后再下车。根据语境可知，只有公共汽车停下来才能下车，因此get off符合题意，因在shouldn’t后，用原形即可。故填get off。
36．句意：走路的时候当心脚下，否则你会跌倒在潮湿的地上。根据“Mind your steps as you go, or...”，可知是提醒听话人注意脚下，不要摔倒。因此fall down符合题意。因跟在will后，用原形即可。故填fall down。
37．Volunteering 38．Although 39．owner 40．stomachache 41．none
【解析】37．句意：在这里做志愿者是实现我梦想的一个好方法。根据“a good way to make my dream come true.”结合备选词可知，此处指“做志愿工作”，用volunteer的动名词形式volunteering作主语。故填Volunteering。
38．句意：虽然已经很晚了，但是他仍然努力工作。根据句意可知，前后两句之间存在让步关系，所以空处用although引导让步状语从句。故填Although。
39．句意：没有人知道这只流浪狗的主人是谁。根据“the... of the homeless dog”可知，空处应填名词构成of所有格，结合备选词，own对应的名词owner“主人”符合语境，dog是单数，所以此处对应的owner也应用单数。故填owner。
40．句意：萨拉肚子痛，所以她没来上学。根据“so she didn’t come to school”结合备选词可知，应是因为肚子痛才没来上学，用stomach对应的名词stomachache，have a stomachache“肚子痛，胃痛”，故填stomachache。
41．句意：由于他的坏习惯，没有一个同学喜欢他。根据“Because of his bad habits”及备选词可知，应是没人喜欢他，none of“没有一个”，故填none。
42．例文
Dear grandma,
How is everything going Now I’m studying in China. I have a good friend, Cheng Tao. He’s more outgoing and funnier than me. He always chats with me. He likes to share everything with me. We both like sports. We play tennis after school every day. Cheng Tao plays tennis better than me. We also like action movies very much. And Cheng Tao likes to watch the news, too. Because he thinks he can find out what’s happening around the world.
Last week, Cheng Tao took me to the best movie theater in town—Xinhua Cinema. The film was exciting and wonderful. I think the cinema has the most comfortable seats and the biggest screen. I hope to go there next time.
Yours,
Ken
【解析】1.题干解读：本文是一篇书信作文。根据所给的提示要点，给祖母写信介绍好朋友Cheng Tao。
2.写作指导：本文采用一般过去时和一般现在时。分为两段式：第一段介绍自己的好朋友，以及两个人的兴趣爱好；第二段介绍上周和好朋友去看了一场电影的经历。写作时要注意保持主谓一致性，逻辑性要强，无语法和标点错误。