第十一课时 八年级上（Units1-3）教材精讲精练课件—鲁教版中考英语一轮复习

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九年级一轮复习八年级上册　
Units 1-3　
【重点单词】
1. sweep (v. )→_____(过去式)→______ (过去分词) 打扫
2. throw (v. )→ (过去式)→______ (过去分词)扔; 掷
3. lend (v. )→ (过去式)→_____(过去分词) 借给; 借出
4. communicate (v. )→______________ (n. )交流; 沟通
5. begin (v. )→_____(过去式)
→_____ (过去分词)→_________ (现在分词)
swept swept
threw thrown
lent lent
communication
began
begun beginning
6. wood (n. )→_______(adj. )木制的
7. beat (v. )→ (过去式)→ (过去分词)敲打; 打败
8. fall (v. )→ (过去式)→ (adj. )倒下的; 落下的
9. silent (adj. ) →______ (n. )沉默; 缄默; 无声
10. true (adj. ) → (n. )实情; 事实→ (adv. )真诚地; 确实
wooden
beat beaten
fell fallen
silence
truth truly
【短语快译】
1. 倒垃圾　　　 __________________
2. 频繁; 反复 __________
3. 一……就…… _________
4. 刷盘子 ____________
5. 扫地 _____________
6. 叠衣服 _____________
take out the rubbish
all the time
as soon as
do the dishes
sweep the floor
fold the clothes
7. 搭车 ________
8. 目的是; 为了 __________
9. 依靠; 依赖 _________
10. 照顾; 处理 __________
11. 快速查看; 浏览 ____________
12. 成功地发展; 解决 ________
13. 和睦相处; 关系良好__________
get a ride
in order to
depend on
take care of/look after
look through
work out
get on with
14. 删除; 删去 ______
15. 比较; 对比 _______________
16. 依……看 ______________
17. 不再…… ______________
cut out
compare. . . with
in one’s opinion
not. . . anymore/ no more
【句式填写】
1. ——我可以和我的朋友一起出去吃晚饭吗
——当然可以, 好的。
—______ I ___ ___for dinner with my friends
—Sure, ____ ______ ___ OK.
Could
go
out
that
should
be
2. 她一周没做家务, 我也没做。
For one week, she did not do any housework and
_______ ___ _.
3. 家务活就是浪费他们的时间。
Housework is __ _____ __ their time.
neither
did
I
a
waste
of
4. ——怎么了
——我昨天夜里学习到午夜, 因此没有足够的睡眠。
—_______ ___ ______
—I studied _____ ________last night __ I didn’t get
enough sleep.
What’s
the
matter
until
midnight
so
5. ——我该怎么做
——你为什么不忘记它呢 尽管她错了, 但不是大问题。
—What ______I ___
—_____ _____you forget about it _________ she’s
wrong, it’s not __ ___ ____.
should
do
Why
don’t
Although
a
big
deal
6. 他应当和朋友谈谈以便他能说对不起。
He ______ ____ to his friend __ ____ he can say he’s
sorry.
7. 我认为那不公平。
I _____ _____ that’s fair.
should
talk
so
that
don’t
think
考点一 Could you please clean your room
请你打扫一下你的房间好吗
Could you please do sth. 请你做某事好吗
【知识构建】Could you please do sth. 的句式用法
常用句式、功能 常见答语
Could you please do sth. 表示有礼貌的请求 Sure. /Certainly. /Of course. /Yes, sure. /With pleasure. /No problem. /All right.
Sorry, I can’t. I have to. . . /I’m afraid not.
Could you please (not) do sth. 表示委婉的批评 Sorry, I won’t do that again.
常用句式、功能 常见答语
Could I/we do. . . 表示请求许可 Sure. /Certainly. /Of course. /Yes, sure. /Yes, you can.
Sorry, you can’t. /Sorry, you’d better not. /No, you can’t.
You could do sth. 表示建议
【即学活用】
—I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours
—Yes, you _______.
A. can　　　B. must　　　C. could　　D. should
【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意: ——我忘记带我的字典了。我能用一下你的字典吗 ——是的, 你能。由could引出的表示委婉请求的一般疑问句, 对其进行肯定回答时通常用can。故选A。
考点二 For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
她一周没做家务, 我也没做。
Neither of us did any housework for a week.
我们两个一周都没做家务。
neither adv. 也不pron. 两者都不
【知识构建】neither的用法
副　词 意为“也不”, 表示前者的否定情况也适合于后者。置于句首时用倒装语序, 常用结构为: neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语
代　词 意为“两者都不”, 常与of连用, 作主语时谓语动词用单数
形容词 意为“两者皆非的; 两者均无的”, 置于单数名词前
连　词 与nor连用构成短语neither. . . nor. . . , 意为“既不……也不……; 不……也不……; ……和……两者都不”, 连接并列的词或短语。连接并列主语时谓语动词单复数遵循“就近原则”
—Mary doesn’t like action movies. 玛丽不喜欢动作片。
—Me neither. /Neither do I. 我也不喜欢。
Neither of us is wrong. 我们两个都没错。
Neither woman knows the way to Beijing.
两个妇女都不知道去北京的路。
Neither Mary nor I am in Class 1. 玛丽和我都不在一班。
【即学活用】
(2016·德州中考)—Where would you like to go for your summer holiday, Beijing or Shanghai
— _______. I will go to Sanya in Hainan.
A. Both　　B. Each　　C. Neither　　D. Either
【解析】选C。考查不定代词词义辨析。句意: ——暑假你想去哪里, 北京还是上海 ——都不去。我将去海南的三亚。neither两者或两部分都不, 直接表示否定; both两者都或两部分都; each两个或两个以上中的每一个; either两者中任意一个。故选C。
考点三 My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. 我一坐到电视机前妈妈就过来了。
as soon as一……就……; 尽快
【知识构建】
(1)as soon as“一……就……”, 引导时间状语从句。如果主句是一般将来时, as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
(2)as soon as还有“尽快”之意, 常用as soon as possible/one can结构。
【即学活用】
①(2016·新泰模拟)—Is your son already in London
—Not yet, I think. He’ll give me a call as soon as he _______.
A. will arrive　B. is arriving　C. arrives　D. arrive
【解析】选C。考查时态辨析。as soon as引导条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则, 且he为第三人称单数。故选C。
②我弟弟一到家就把电视机打开了。
My brother turned on the TV __ ____ __ he got home.
as
soon
as
考点四 Could I borrow that book 我可以借那本书吗
borrow v. 借; 借用
【词义辨析】“借”有不同
borrow 借入 非延续性动词, 常用结构: borrow sth. (from sb. )
lend 借出 非延续性动词, 常用结构: lend sb. sth. 或lend sth. to sb.
keep 借(多久) 延续性动词, 常与“how long”或“for +一段时间”连用
Tom borrows a book from Mary.
汤姆向玛丽借了一本书。
Mary lends Tom a book. =Mary lends a book to Tom.
玛丽借给汤姆一本书。
How long can Tom keep the book
那本书汤姆可以借多久
【即学活用】
(2016·烟台中考)—Could you please _______ me your notebook, Grace
—Certainly. Here you are.
A. borrow B. to borrow 　C. lend D. to lend
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析和非谓语动词的用法。句意: ——格雷丝, 你能借给我你的笔记本吗 ——当然可以。给你。borrow表示“借入”; lend表示“借出”; 由语境可知是“借出”笔记本, 所以排除A和B; 同时could you please后面接动词原形。故选C。
【授课备选】 (2015·遂宁中考)—Can I _______ a dictionary from you, Lucy —Sorry, I don’t have one. A. borrow　　B. lend　　C. lent　　D. borrowed
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意: ——露西, 我能从你那里 _______ 一本词典吗 ——对不起, 我没有。borrow和lend均为及物动词, borrow指从……借东西, lend则为把东西借给别人, 其词组搭配是: borrow. . . from. . . 意为“从……借……”, lend sth. to sb. =lend sb. sth. 意为“把某物借给某人”, 故选A。
考点五 I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.
在你帮我洗碗碟的时候我将把作业做完。
while conj. 与……同时; 当……的时候; 而; 然而
【知识构建】
(1)while的三种含义
①while意为“与……同时”, 与延续性动词连用, 表示两件事同时发生。
While Mary was cooking in the kitchen, the children were playing outside.
玛丽在厨房做饭时孩子们正在外面玩。
②while意为“当……的时候”, 与延续性动词连用, 表示一件事是在另一件事发生过程中的某个时间发生的。
Tom fell asleep while he was doing homework.
汤姆做着功课就睡着了。
③while意为“而; 然而”, 用于从句之首, 引出与主句内容相对比的信息。
I like to drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.
我爱喝清咖啡而他喜欢加奶油的。
(2)when与while的不同
　　when和while都可引导时间状语从句, 都有“当……的时候”之意, 但在用法上也有区别。
when 所引导从句中的动词既可以是延续性动词, 也可以是非延续性动词(终止性动词), 从句中的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时
while 所引导从句中的动词常用延续性动词
【即学活用】
①(2015·内江中考)My father was drinking tea in the living room _______ my mother was doing the dishes in the kitchen.
A. if　　　B. while　　　C. until　　　D. unless
【解析】选B。考查连词。句意: 当我的母亲在厨房洗碗的时候, 我的父亲正在客厅喝茶。前后均为过去进行时态, 强调两个动作同时进行, 也含有对比之意。故选B。
②选词填空 when, while
a. ______the teacher came in, we were talking.
b. ___________ we were talking, the teacher came in.
c. English is understood all over the world _____
Turkish is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey.
When
While/When
while
考点六It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
在家里给孩子们提供一个干净舒适的环境是父母的职责。
provide v. 提供; 供应
【词义辨析】
单　词 词义及用法 搭　配
provide “提供; 供应”, 强调有预见, 并通过储存等方式为某事做准备 provide sth. for sb.
=provide sb. with sth.
offer “主动提出; 自愿给予”, 对方可接受也可拒绝 offer sb. sth.
=offer sth. to sb.
offer to do sth.
give “递给; 赠送; 提供”, 为普通意义上的“给予” give sb. sth.
=give sth. to sb.
The school provided food for the students.
学校为学生提供伙食。
They provided us with all the books we needed.
他们为我们提供所需要的所有书籍。
She offered me a cup of tea. 她给我端了一杯茶。
He offered to go instead of me.
他主动提出代替我去。
Could you please give me that pen
你能把那支钢笔递给我吗
【即学活用】
(2015·聊城中考)The company can _______ lunch for you if you work there.
A. feed　　　B. provide　　　C. have　　　D. eat
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意: 如果你在那里工作, 这家公司能 _______ 午餐给你。feed喂养; provide提供; have有; eat吃。这里指提供午餐。provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物。故选B。
考点七 My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. 我父母不允许我和朋友们一起外出闲逛。
allow v. 允许; 准许
【知识构建】allow的三种常用结构
My parents don’t allow me to watch TV on school nights.
上学日的晚上父母不允许我看电视。
Our teacher allows working in groups.
我们老师允许小组合作。
Children aren’t allowed to go out at night.
小孩子夜间不准外出。
【即学活用】
人们不允许12岁以下的孩子在马路上骑车。
People don’t _____ kids under 12 __ ____on the road.
allow
to
ride
【备选要点】
考点一 They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.
他们把时间花费在学业上以便取得好成绩, 上一所好大学。
in order to目的是; 为了
【知识构建】
(1)in order to后跟动词原形, 不可以跟从句, 其否定结构为in order not to。
Mum gets up early in order to cook breakfast for me.
妈妈早起的目的是给我做早饭。
(2)in order to可以和so that/in order that进行同义句转换。
Mike arrived early in order to get a good seat.
=Mike arrived early so that/in order that he could get a good seat.
迈克早早到了, 以便找个好座位。
【即学活用】
①为了赶早班车, 她不得不早起。
__ _____ __ catch the early bus, she had to get up early.
②Jim moved to Beijing in order to learn Chinese
better. (改为同义句)
Jim moved to Beijing __ ____ he could learn Chinese
better.
In
order
to
so
that
考点二 Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.
哦, 昨天我发现我的姐姐翻看我的东西。
look through快速查看; 浏览
【知识构建】look短语小结
(1)“look+介词”型
(2)“look+副词”型
【即学活用】
(2016·南宁中考)—What’s the meaning of “secretary”
—Let me _______ the word in the dictionary.
A. look at　B. look for　C. look after　D. look up
【解析】选D。考查短语辨析。句意: ——“secretary”是什么意思 ——让我在字典里查一查。look at看; look for寻找; look after照顾; look up查找。故选D。
考点三 When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.
当他们争吵的时候, 就像一片大大的乌云笼罩在我们家的上空。
argue v. 争吵; 争论
【知识构建】argue的常用短语
You mustn’t argue with your parents. 你不可以和父母争吵。
Listen! What are they arguing about/over
听! 他们在吵什么
【即学活用】
和老师在课堂上争吵是很不礼貌的。
It’s very impolite to _____ ____your teacher in class.
argue
with
考点四 My cousin borrows my things without returning
them. 我表姐借我的东西不还。
return v. 归还; 回来; 返回
【知识构建】
(1)return用作不及物动词, 意为“返回”, 相当于come/get back。
(2)return用作及物动词, 意为“归还”, 相当于give back。常用结构为: return sb. sth. 或return sth. to sb. 。
【即学活用】
(2016·海南中考)—How long can I keep this dictionary
—Two weeks. You must _______ it on time.
A. collect　　　　　B. call　　　　　　　C. return
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。collect意为“收集”; call意为“打电话”; return意为“归还”。句意: ——我能借这本词典多长时间 ——两周。你必须按时归还。因此答案选C。
考点五 Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s future. 也许我能减少一些他们的活动, 但是我相信, 这些活动对于我的孩子们的未来是重要的。
cut out删除; 删去
【知识构建】
You could cut out Paragraph 2.
你可以删掉第二段。
【即学活用】
选词填空 cut down, cut out, cut up
①People shouldn’t ________too many trees.
②First, you should ______the meat.
③When I listened to the story again, I found that many
words were ______.
cut down
cut up
cut out
八年级上册　
Unit 3　
【重点单词】
Unit 3
1._______　　　(adj. )奇特的; 奇怪的
2. ____ (n. )光; 光线; 光亮
3. ______ (v. & n. )报道; 公布
4. ___________ (n. )窗; 窗户
5. ______ (n. )火柴
strange
light
report
window
match
6. _______ (prep. )倚; 碰; 撞
7. _____ (adv. )分离; 分开
8. ___ (v. )开玩笑; 欺骗
9. ______ (v. )理解; 领会; 认识到
10. ____ (n. )日期; 日子
against
apart
kid
realize
date
【词汇拓展】
1. begin (v. )　　 →______ (过去式)
→______ (过去分词)
→_________ (现在分词)开始
2. heavy (adj. ) →_______ (adv. )在很大程度上;
大量地
3. sudden (adj. ) →________(adv. )突然; 忽然
began
begun
beginning
heavily
suddenly
4. wind (n. ) →______(adj. )刮风的
5. report (v. & n. )报道; 公布 →________ (n. )记者
6. wood (n. )木; 木头 →_______(adj. )木制的
7. beat (v. ) →____(过去式)
→______(过去分词)敲打; 打败
8. fall (v. ) →___ (过去式)
→_____ (adj. )倒下的; 落下的
windy
reporter
wooden
beat
beaten
fell
fallen
9. ice (n. ) → ___(adj. ) 覆盖着冰的; 冰冷的
plete (adj. )→__________ (adv. )彻底地; 完全地
11. silent (adj. ) →______ (n. )沉默; 缄默; 无声
12. true (adj. ) →_____(n. )实情; 事实
→_____ (adv. )真诚地; 确实
icy
completely
silence
truth
truly
【短语快译】
1. (闹钟)发出响声　　 _____
2. 接电话 _________________________
3. 进入梦乡; 睡着 _________
4. 逐渐变弱; 逐渐消失 ________
5. 看一看 __________
6. 前往; 费力地前进 ______________
go off
pick up(=pick up the phone)
fall asleep
die down
have a look
make one’s way
7. 沉默; 无声 ________
8. 拆除; 往下拽; 记录 _________
9. 起初; 起先 ______
in silence
take down
at first
【句式填写】
1. 暴风雨来的时候你在做什么
What _____ you _____ when the rainstorm _____/__
___ ____ __ the rainstorm
were
doing
came
at
the
time
of
2. ——昨天晚上八点钟你在做什么
—_____ _____ you _____ at eight last night
——我在洗淋浴。
—I ____ ______ a shower.
What
were
doing
was
taking
3. 当暴风雨来临时, 他正在图书馆看书。
He was reading in the library _____ ___ ____ ______
_____.
4. 当琳达睡觉时, 詹妮在帮玛丽做作业。
______ Linda ____ _______, Jenny____ _______Mary
with her homework.
5. 她记得她当时正在距两座塔楼不远的办公室工作。
She _________ ________ in her office near the two
towers.
when
the
rain
storm
came
While
was
sleeping
was
helping
remember
sworking
考点一 I called at seven and you didn’t pick up.
我七点给你打电话但是你没接。
pick up接电话
【知识构建】
(1)pick up意为“接电话”, 相当于pick up the phone。
(2)pick up还有“捡起; (用车)接人”之意, 属“动词+副词”型短语, 名词作宾语, 既可置于中间, 也可置于up之后; 但代词作宾语必须置于中间。
【图解助记】
【即学活用】
①你为何不接电话
Why didn’t you ____ ___ the phone
pick
up
②There are some fallen apples. Please _______.
A. pick up it　　　　　B. pick it up
C. pick up them D. pick them up
【解析】选D。考查短语运用。apples是复数, 应用them代替; pick up属“动词+副词”型短语, 代词作宾语必须置于中间。故选D。
考点二 Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
当雨开始猛烈地击打窗户的时候, 本正帮着母亲做晚餐。
against prep. 倚; 碰; 撞
【知识构建】against的用法
(1)against意为“倚; 碰; 撞”, 常与行为动词连用。
(2)against意为“反对”, 其反义词为for, 意为“赞成”。常用结构: be against (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事。
The rain was beating against the window.
雨点敲打着窗户。
Are most people against the suggestion
大多数人反对这条建议吗
【即学活用】
①愤怒的父亲重重地敲打着桌子。
The angry father beat _______ _______ the table.
②(2016·无锡中考)Although he was _______ my
opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own.
A. against　　　B. on　　　　C. for　　　　D. in
heavily
against
【解析】选A。考查介词辨析。against反对, 违背。句意: 虽然他反对我的意见, 这个老教授也没能想到他自己的(好)主意。故选A。
考点三 He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3: 00 a. m.
当风在凌晨3点左右逐渐减弱的时候, 他终于睡着了。
asleep adj. 睡着
【词义辨析】“睡觉”大辨析
sleep ①动词, “睡觉”
②名词, “睡觉; 睡眠”, 不可数 How many hours do you sleep every night
你每晚睡几个小时
She can’t go/get to sleep(=fall asleep)if there is noise. 如果有声响, 她就睡不着。
sleepy 形容词, “想睡觉的; 困倦的” I felt sleepy after lunch.
午饭后我昏昏欲睡。
asleep 形容词, “睡着的”, 只作表语 Is she asleep or awake
她睡着了还是醒着呢
She was so excited that she couldn’t fall asleep.
她兴奋得睡不着。
sleeping 形容词或现在分词, 意为“正在睡觉的”, 常置于名词前作定语或用于进行时态 She looked lovingly at the sleeping child.
她慈爱地看着正在睡觉的孩子。
【即学活用】
选词填空 sleep, sleepy, asleep
①The boy finally fell ______ after his mother came
back from work.
②A baby needs more than ten hours’ _____.
③If you eat too much, you may feel ______.
④Did you _____ well last night
asleep
sleep
sleepy
sleep
【备选要点】
考点一
I was waiting for the bus when it began to rain heavily. 当天开始下大雨的时候我正在等公交车。
begin v. 开始
【知识构建】
(1)begin意为“开始”, 与start同义, 均为非延续性动词, 常用结构有: ①begin doing/to do sth. 。②begin with以……开始。
(2)begin的词形变化: began(过去式); begun(过去分词); beginning(-ing形式); beginner(名词)。
(3)at the beginning of在……的开端/头; 其反义词组为at the end of. . . 在……的末尾。the beginning line起跑线。
【即学活用】
①We were waiting for the taxi when it began
_____________(rain).
②When we got there, the meeting _________(begin).
raining/to rain
had begun
考点二
He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3: 00 a. m.
当风在凌晨3点左右逐渐减弱的时候, 他终于睡着了。
die down逐渐变弱; 逐渐消失
【词义辨析】die down和die away的辨析
die down 逐渐减弱 侧重于减弱的过程, 有一个变化过程, 是一个动态的动词词组
die away 逐渐消失 侧重的是已经减弱到极低程度的一种状态, 一种无法察觉的状态, 相当于从强到弱变化过程的尾端, 是一个静态的动词词组
【即学活用】
汽车的声音消失在远方。
The noise of the car ____ _____ in the distance.
died
away