语法专题二 代词 2023年中考英语专题讲义（河北专用，含答案）

语法专题二　代词
命题点1　人称代词、物主代词及反身代词
河北中考近6年都在单项选择、词语运用中对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词进行考查，而此命题点的考查一般涉及同一人称的不同形式、不同人称的同一形式和不同人称的混合辨析。其中辨析人称在单项选择中考查；辨析形式在词语运用中考查。
1．人称代词、物主代词及反身代词总表
　　　类别人称　　　 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
2.人称代词主格用作主语或表语，宾格用作宾语。要根据题干中的提示词，如mother, father, Lily, Tom等及语境判定应该用哪一人称。
—Where is dad？爸爸在哪儿？
—He is in the garden.他在花园里。
Miss Smith is very kind. We all like her.史密斯小姐非常和蔼，我们都喜欢她。
3．名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词
—Is this your bike？这是你的自行车吗？
—No, it's her bike. Mine(＝My bike) is under the tree.不是，它是她的自行车。我的(自行车)在树下。
4．反身代词的固定搭配：
enjoy oneself玩得愉快
learn/teach...by oneself自学
dress oneself穿衣
help oneself to随便吃……
by oneself独自
for oneself亲自；为自己
hurt oneself受伤
keep ... to oneself 保守秘密
prove oneself 证明自己
lose oneself in 沉迷于；陶醉于
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1．(2022·河北中考)Where is your brother I want to give__________ a book.
A．me B．you C．him D．her
2．(2021·河北中考)This isn't my dictionary. __________ is over there, on the desk.
A．His B．Mine C．Hers D．Yours
3．(2020·河北中考)Nancy, carrots are good for __________eyes. Eat some, please.
A．my B．your C．her D．his
4．(2019·河北中考)—My ruler is broken. Can I borrow __________？
—Of course. Here it is.
A．his B．hers C．mine D．yours
5(2018·河北中考)Please come in, Alice. Welcome to __________ house.
A．her B．his C．my D．your
6．(2017·河北中考)—Is this Kate's bicycle
—No，__________ is under the tree. She put it there this morning.
A．his B．hers C．mine D．yours
7．(2016·河北中考)Thanks for inviting __________ to dinner, Nancy. I really enjoyed it.
A．her B．him C．you D．me
8．(2015·河北中考)My brother likes painting. It's one of __________ hobbies.
A．my B．her C．his D．your
9．(2014·河北中考)We must protect plants. They are friends of __________. 　
A．we B．us C．our D．ours
10．(2013·河北中考)It is a good habit of __________ to read a few lines before going to bed.
A．I B．me C．my D．mine
11．(2012·河北中考)Don't worry about me. I'm old enough to think for__________．
A．himself B．herself C．yourself D．myself
12．(2022·河北中考节选)Mrs. Zhang is my neighbor. Her house is next to ________(my)．
13．(2021·河北中考)She loves __________(she) job.
14．(2020·河北中考)Together the three of __________(we) wrapped(包) the dumplings.
15．(2019·河北中考)Before leaving, he gave _________(I) a photo album.
16．(2018·河北中考)Then he told ____________(they) what I did on the bus this morning.
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17．(2022·湖北荆州中考)—Is the girl in a red skirt your sister
—Yes. __________ favorite color is red.
A．Her B．She C.His D.He
18．(2022·北京中考)My sister is only six, but __________ can already help with some housework.
A．he B.she C.it D.they
19．(2022·广西贵港中考)—Is this your Bing Dwen Dwen(冰墩墩)
—No. __________ is on the sofa.
A．Hers B.His C．Yours D.Mine
命题点2　不定代词
河北中考近6年来虽未对不定代词进行考查，但不定代词对判断句子含义，理解文章也起到重要作用。常见的易混不定代词辨析有：
1．either与 neither
either指两个人或物中的一个，作主语时谓语动词用单数；neither指两个人或物中一个也不，作主语时谓语动词用单数。固定搭配：either... or..., neither... nor...都遵从就近原则。
Either is a good choice.两者(任一个)都是不错的选择。
Neither of the books is good.这两本书都不好。
2．both与all
both“两者都”，其否定词是neither; all“(三者或更多)全都”，否定词是none。
We are both students, but neither of us likes sports.我们俩都是学生，但是都不喜欢运动。
All students are here and none of them are late.所有的学生都到齐了，没有人迟到。
3．some与any
相同点 不同点
some与any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词 some一般用于肯定句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议，疑问句中应用some
any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中意为“一些”；any用于肯定句时意为“任何一个”
—Would you like some coffee？你想要些咖啡吗？
—Yes, please.好的。
There aren't any students in the classroom.教室里没有学生。
4．each与every
each可以单独使用，侧重个别，可以与of连用，指两者或两者以上中的每一个，不可以与not连用。
every不可单独使用，侧重全体，不可以与of连用。
every指三者或三者以上中的每一个，与not连用时，表示部分否定。
Each has his/her good points.每个人都有自己的好点子。
I know every member of your family.我认识你家的每个人。
Not everyone has the chance to go to school.并不是每个人都有机会去上学。
5．a little, little, a few, few
a little与a few表示肯定意义，little与few表示否定意义；a little/little后接不可数名词，a few/few后接可数名词复数。
6．other, the other, another, others, the others的用法
单词/短语 含义 用法
other 泛指其他的 跟单数或复数名词
the other 两个人或物中的另一个 常构成one... the other...
another 三者或以上不确定的“另一个”“再一个” 跟单数名词，或跟“基数词＋复数名词”
others 泛指另外的人或物 是other的复数形式
the others 特指一定范围中的其他所有 相当于the rest或“the other＋名词复数”
7.复合不定代词
somebody某人　 anybody任何人
nobody没有人 everybody每个人
someone某人 anyone任何人
no one没有人 everyone每人
something某事 anything任何事
nothing没有什么 everything每件事
命题点3　指示代词
常见指示代词基本用法
1．this和these用于指距离较近的人或事物；that和those用于指距离较远的人或事物。
This picture is clear and that picture is not clear.这张图画清楚，而那张图画不清楚。
2．打电话时用this做自我介绍，用that询问对方是谁。
This is Mary speaking. Who's that？我是玛丽，你是谁？
3．that/those指代上文提到的名词。
The weather in Hangzhou is much warmer than that in Harbin in winter.杭州冬天的天气比哈尔滨暖和多了。(that指代the weather，避免重复)
命题点4　it和one的用法
1．it的用法
(1)特指上文提到的同一事物。
—Where's your office？你的办公室在哪里？
—It's on the third floor.在三楼。
(2)用来代替指示代词this或that。
—What's this？这是什么？
—It's a pencil.这是一支铅笔。
(3)指不知性别的婴儿或人。
—Who is the person over there？那边的人是谁？
—It may be the doctor.可能是医生。
(4)指天气、时间、距离等。
—What's the weather like today？今天的天气怎么样？
—It's sunny.天气晴朗。
It's about eight o'clock.大约8点了。
How far is it from your school to your home？学校离你家有多远？
(5)在固定句型中作形式主语。
①It is＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.
做某事(对某人来说)是……
It's very important for us to eat breakfast every day.对我们来说每天吃早饭很重要。
②It is＋adj.＋(of sb.) to do sth.(某人)这么做真是太……
It's very kind of you to help me out of the trouble.你能帮我解决这个麻烦真是太好了。
③It is＋adj.＋that 从句. ……是……
It's impossible that we finish the work within two days.
我们在两天内完成这项工作是不可能的。
④It seems that...……好像……
It seems that the boy is very interested in Chinese paintings.这个男孩好像对中国画很感兴趣。
⑤It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了
It's your turn to clean the classroom.轮到你打扫教室了。
⑥It's time (for sb.) to do sth.是(某人)做某事的时候了
It's time to get up.该起床了。
⑦It's said/believed/reported that...据说/人们认为/据报道……
It's said that a UFO appeared in America.据说美国出现了UFO。
⑧It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花费多少时间做某事
It took him three hours to get to the train station.到火车站花了他三个小时。
⑨It is/has been＋时间段＋since＋从句(一般过去时)
自从……以来，已经有……时间了
It has been six years since I bought the book.这本书我买了六年了。
⑩sb.＋find(s)/think(s) it＋adj.＋to do sth.
某人发现/认为做某事是……的
I find it important to learn English well.我发现学好英语很重要。
2．one的用法
(1)one指代可数名词，既可指人，也可指物。
One should do his best all the time.
一个人无论何时都应尽最大努力。
He is not the one who is easy to work with.
他不是一个容易合作的人。
(2)代替上文已出现过的单数可数名词，表示泛指意义，其复数形式是ones。
I don't like this sweater. Will you please show me another one？我不喜欢这件毛衣。你能再给我拿一件吗？
3．辨析one, it和that/those
单词 用法
it 指代与上文提到的对象是同一事物(同类同物)
one 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个(同类异物)
that/those 常用于比较结构中，that代替前面提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词；those代替前面提到的可数名词复数
The book is very interesting, so I like it.这本书很有趣，所以我喜欢它。
My pen is broken. I'll buy a new one. 我的钢笔坏了，我要买一支新的。
Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Henry's.玛丽的书法比亨利的好很多。
命题点5　疑问代词
除了要掌握疑问代词的基本用法外，与其相关的固定句型及疑问副词也不容忽视。
1．疑问代词
单词 含义 用法
who 谁 对人称代词主格进行提问
whom 谁 对人称代词宾格进行提问
what 什么 对具体内容进行提问
which 哪个 对指定范围内的“哪个”进行提问
whose 谁的 对物主代词进行提问
Who put the light out before I finished my work？谁在我做完工作前把灯关了？
Whom did you go to the concert with 你和谁去听的音乐会？
What are your parents 你父母是干什么的？
Which is more interesting, this book or that one 哪一本更有趣，这本书还是那本？
Whose umbrella is this 这是谁的雨伞？
2．常见与疑问代词混合考查的疑问副词
单词 含义 用法
when 什么时候 提问时间
where 哪里 提问地点
why 为什么 询问原因
how 怎样；健康状况；方式等 询问方式、健康、程度等
When will you go to Shanghai？你什么时候去上海？
Where did you meet him？你在哪见过他？
Why does your brother like dogs？你哥哥为什么喜欢狗？
How was your weekend？你的周末过得怎么样？
3．疑问代词常用句型
(1)What do you think of... 你认为……怎么样？用于询问对方的看法。
What do you think of my new skirt, Mom 妈妈，你觉得我的新裙子怎么样？
(2)What is sb.？＝What does sb. do？某人是做什么的？用于询问某人的职业。
What is your mother？＝What does your mother do？你妈妈是做什么的？
(3)What is sb. like？某人怎么样？用于询问某人的性格特征。
—What is Tony like Tony(的性格)怎么样？
—He is warm hearted.他是个热心人。
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1．(2022·河北中考节选)And she often asks people ________ she can do for them.
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2．(2022·湖南怀化中考改编)—Do you know __________？
—She is a teacher.
A．which Linda's job is B．what Linda's job is
C．what was Linda's job D．how Linda's job is
参考答案
【考法分类详解】
命题点1
1．C　2.B　3.B　4.D　5.C　6.B　7.D　8.C　9.D
10．D　11.D
12．mine　13.her　14.us　15.me　16.them
17．A　18.B　19.D
命题点5
1．what　2.B