语法专题七 形容词和副词 2023年中考英语专题讲义（河北专用，含答案）

语法专题七　形容词和副词
命题点1　形容词词义辨析
分析河北近6年中考真题可知，形容词词义辨析是必考点，每年在单项选择、完形填空中考查2～3题，主要考查形容词在具体语境中的词义辨析。主要涉及：人物描述类、事物描述类、情感情绪类、以－ful结尾的形容词、既能描述人又能描述事物类。解答语境辨析类试题，首先要确定各选项的含义，然后分析语境和前后文的逻辑关系，最后确定正确答案。
1．与of搭配
be proud of为……感到自豪
be afraid of害怕
be careful of当心；注意
be full of充满
be sure of对……有把握
be tired of对……感到厌倦
2．与in搭配
be interested in对……感兴趣
be rich in盛产
be successful in在……方面成功
be weak in在……方面薄弱
3．与for搭配
be bad for对……有坏处
be easy for对……是容易的
be famous for因……而出名
be good for对……有好处
be sorry for为……感到抱歉
be thirsty for渴望
4．与with搭配
be angry with对……生气
be busy with忙于
be filled with充满
be happy with对……感到满足
be patient with对……是容忍的；对……有耐心
be popular with受……欢迎
be satisfied with对……感到满意
be strict with对……严厉
5．与about搭配
be crazy about对……着迷
be sure about对……有把握
be worried about对……感到担忧
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1．(2021·河北中考) Sometimes, they're unhappy and even feel __________.
A．tired B．angry C．excited D．good
2．(2021·河北中考) In the old days, people believed that teachers had to be very __________ and had the right to punish the students.
A．kind B．clever C．strict D．careful
3．(2019·河北中考)The High Speed Rail is amazing. It makes travel __________．
A．easier B．harder C．higher D．slower
4．(2018·河北中考)This dog looks __________. It's wearing red shoes.
A．clever B．brave C．funny D．careful
5．(2017·河北中考)Eating dumplings at the Spring Festival is__________ in China.
A．patient B．lucky C．possible D．traditional
6．(2016·河北中考)You bought the last ticket for the concert. How__________ you are!
A．sweet B．lucky C．strange D．funny
7．(2015·河北中考)Mom, I'm very__________ for all your love.
A．thankful B．careful C．useful D．helpful
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8．(2022·江苏镇江中考)What a __________ day! Luckily, I bring an umbrella to protect myself from the sunlight and heat.
A．windy B.snowy C.sunny D.rainy
9．(2022·江苏连云港中考)We are __________ that the Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.
A．friendly B．brave C．nervous D．proud
10．(2022·浙江温州中考)Everybody, please keep __________. It's not allowed to make any noise in the reading room.
A．fit B．warm C．dry D．quiet
命题点2　副词词义辨析
分析河北近6年中考真题得知，副词词义辨析在单项选择和完形填空中考查。备考过程中，考生需要掌握副词的分类及基本用法，并在具体语境中理解和运用副词。
1．常考的 ly副词
actually事实上 badly坏地
clearly清楚地 completely完整地
directly直接地 easily容易地
exactly确切地 especially尤其；特别
finally最终；最后 firstly首先；第一
gradually逐渐地 luckily幸运地
properly合适地 probably可能地
quietly安静地 quickly迅速地
slowly慢慢地 seriously严重地
suddenly突然地
2．常见的副词分类
分类 例词
时间副词 ago, already, before, early, just, now, later, then, today, yesterday, yet, immediately, soon, once
地点副词 east, west, south, north, anywhere, somewhere, here, there, left, right, inside, outside, up, down
程度副词 almost, nearly, much, quite, rather, so, too, very, hardly, even, enough, just, such, only, a lot, a little, a bit
频度副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, ever, hardly ever, once, twice, daily, everyday, weekly
疑问副词及短语 when, where, why, how, how often, how soon, how long, how far, how many, how much, how old
关系副词 when, why, where
3.常见副词词组辨析
副词词组 用法 例句
how long “多久，多长时间”，对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”回答 —How long have you been in China —For three months.—你来中国多久了？—有三个月了。
how soon “多快，多久以后”，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用“in＋时间段”回答 —How soon will he come back —In five minutes.—他多久以后才能回来？—5分钟后。
how often “多长时间一次”，对频率提问，常用once/twice/three times a week等回答　 —How often do you visit your grandparents？　—Once a week.—你多久去看望你的祖父母一次？—一周一次。
how far “多远”，对距离提问 —How far is it from your home to your school —About two kilometers.—你家离学校有多远？—大概两千米。
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1．(2021·河北中考)Please be polite and __________ offer your seat to people who need it.
A．never B．seldom C．sometimes D．always
2．(2019·河北中考)Ken was __________ late for school. The bell rang right after he entered the classroom.
A．still B．always C．already D．almost
3．(2016·河北中考)I can't tell the exact time. My watch goes a few minutes __________．
A．sooner B．faster C．later D．longer
4．(2015·河北中考)The movie covers all of Chinese history. It is __________ worth seeing again.
A．mainly B．really C．possibly D．hardly
5．(2013·河北中考)We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so __________．
A．quick B．quickly C．useful D．usefully
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6．(2022·江苏常州中考)The summer vacation is coming. Don't swim in the lake, __________ when you are alone.
A．probably B.possibly C．especially D.exactly
7．(2022·广西贺州中考)Andy doesn't like junk food at all, so she __________ eats it.
A．often B．sometimes C．usually D．never
8．(2022·江苏宿迁中考)Yesterday, Lin Tao's speech on how to be a good volunteer was __________ wonderful that we couldn't stop cheering for him.
A．so B．very C．too D．quite
命题点3　形容词和副词的比较等级
分析河北近6年中考真题可知，河北中考中将形容词和副词的比较等级与词义辨析结合起来。
考生在做此类试题时，首先要分析语境，找到句中的标志词，如as...as通常是原级的标志；than，of the two通常是比较级的标志；one of后通常跟最高级。若没有标志词，则需根据上下句语境来判断。针对比较等级和词义混合辨析的试题，选项设置通常都是一组反义词，首先根据比较等级的固定结构先排除不符合这一结构的选项，然后辨析所给单词的词义，结合语境选出正确答案。
1．形容词和副词原级的用法
(1)肯定句中：“A＋be动词/实义动词＋as＋adj./adv.＋as＋B”，表示“A和B一样……”。
Sally is as old as my sister.萨莉和我妹妹年龄一样大。
(2)否定句中：“A＋be动词＋not＋as/so＋adj.＋as＋B”或“A＋助动词＋not＋实义动词＋as/so＋adv.＋as＋B”表示“A不及B……”。
Math is not as/so difficult as English.数学不如英语难。
【命题专家点拨】
(1)若第一个as/so后有形容词作定语修饰名词，应将该名词及有关修饰词放在第一个as/so之后。
Bob is as good a player as his brother.鲍勃像他哥哥一样是个优秀的运动员。
(2)very, too, so, quite等程度副词只修饰原级，不能修饰形容词比较级和最高级。
(3)表示“A是B的几倍”时，用“A＋动词＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as＋B”结构(一倍：once, 两倍：twice, 三倍及以上：基数词＋times)。
The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。
2．形容词和副词比较等级的变化规则
(1)规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词　 一般在词尾直接加 er, est longfast long____fast____ long______fast______
以不发音的e结尾时，在词尾加 r, st latelarge late__large__ late____large____
以辅音字母加y结尾时，变y为i，再加 er, est lazyeasyhappy laz______eas______happ______ laz________eas________happ______
以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该辅音字母，再加 er, est bigthin big______thin______ big________thin______
多音节词和部分双音节词　 在原级前加more, most carefulimportant ________ careful________ important ________ careful____________important
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
ill/bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3．形容词和副词比较级的用法
(1)当有表示程度的副词much, even, far, a little, a bit, a lot等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。
It is even colder today.今天甚至更冷了。
(2)比较级的常见结构如下：
①“A＋be动词/实义动词＋比较级＋than＋B”表示“A比B……”(注意比较的对象要一致)
The blue cup is bigger than the green one. 蓝色的杯子比绿色的杯子大。
②“Which/Who＋be动词/实义动词＋比较级，A or B？”表示“A、B两者中哪一个/谁更……？”
Who is taller，you or Tom？你和汤姆谁更高？
③“the＋比较级＋of the two...”表示两者之间“比较……的一个”
He is the thinner of the two.他是两个中较瘦的那个。
④“比较级＋and＋比较级/more and more＋多音节形容词/副词原级”表示“越来越……”
This song is becoming more and more popular. 这首歌变得越来越受欢迎了。
⑤“the＋比较级．..，the ＋比较级．..”表示“越……就越……”
The harder we study, the better results we'll get. 我们学习越努力，我们就会得到更好的成绩。
⑥“A＋be动词/实义动词＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B”表示“A是B的……倍”
This box is three times bigger than that box. 这个盒子是那个盒子的三倍大。
⑦“A＋be动词/实义动词＋比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数”或“A＋be动词/实义动词＋比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数”表示“A比其他任何一个都……”(比较级结构表示最高级含义)
He is taller than any other boy in his class. ＝He is taller than the other boys in his class. 他比他班里的其他任何一个男孩都高。
4．形容词和副词最高级的用法
(1)“主语＋be动词/实义动词＋(the)最高级＋of/in＋比较范围”表示“三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较”
Jane has the longest hair in her class.简的头发在她班里最长。
(2)“A＋be动词/实义动词＋one of the＋最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“A是最……之一”
Shanghai is one of the most famous cities in China.上海是中国最著名的城市之一。
(3)“A＋be动词/实义动词＋the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词＋范围”表示“A是……中第……的……”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。
(4)“Which/Who＋动词＋(the)最高级，A，B or C？”表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择
Who runs the fastest, Tom, Kate or Bill？汤姆、凯特和比尔，谁跑得最快？
【命题专家点拨】
(1)形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the, 副词最高级前可以不用加the。
This picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。
He draws (the) most wonderfully. 他画得最好。
(2)形容词最高级前面有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时， 不需加定冠词the。
She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。
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1．(2021·河北中考)—What is the world's __________ mountain
—Mount Qomolangma.
A．lower B.lowest C.higher D.highest
2．(2020·河北中考)Helen is the __________ person in her family. Her two elder sisters are both married.
A．older B．oldest C．younger D．youngest
3．(2017·河北中考)Mr. Liu is a really nice person—the __________ person I know.
A．nicer B．nicest C．happier D．happiest
4．(2014·河北中考)Water is the cheapest drink. And it is also __________.
A．healthier B．healthiest C．the healthier D．the healthiest
5．(2013·河北中考)I'm sorry I'm late. I should get here 10 minutes __________．
A．early B．earlier C．the earlier D．the earliest
6．(2012·河北中考)You are doing great! I've never had __________ answer before.
A．better B．best C．a better D．the best
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7．(2022·北京中考)After taking tennis classes, Tim is much __________ than last year.
A．strong B.stronger C．strongest D.the strongest
8．(2022·辽宁盘锦中考)Leo likes speed skating and he thinks it's __________ event at the Beijing Winter Olympics.
A．exciting B．more exciting
C．most exciting D．the most exciting
9．(2022·湖北鄂州中考)—Which do you like __________， Chinese or English
—Chinese.
A．good B．well C．better D．best
10．(2022·福建中考改编)—Our class did well in the school singing competition.
—Yes, you sang __________ of all.
A．beautifully B．more beautifully
C．most beautifully D．much beautifully
命题点4　用所给形容词、副词的适当形式填空)
分析河北近6年中考真题可知，用所给形容词、副词的适当形式填空主要在词语运用中考查，每年考查1～2题。解答此类题型，考生首先需要结合上下文语境确定所填词语，再分析句子成分判断是否需要使用适当的形式填空。具体方法如下：
1．如何判断空格处使用形容词
(1)空前有系动词feel和is，且无比较之意。
The girl is very careful.这个女孩很细心。
(2)空前为复合不定代词，且无比较之意。
I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
(3)空后为名词。
I need to have a good rest after a long time of work.很长时间的工作之后，我需要好好休息一下。
(4)在使役动词(make, have, let等)＋sb./sth.＋adj.结构中。
Everyone should make his own life colorful. 每个人都应该让自己的生活丰富多彩。
(5)在句型It is ＋adj.(of/for sb.) to do sth.中。
It is good for you to eat more vegetables. 多吃蔬菜对你的身体好。
(6)在as...as结构中，且空前有系动词。
I am as tall as you. 我和你一样高。
(7)“the＋形容词”表示一类人。
the blind盲人 the deaf聋人
the old老人 the young年轻人
the rich富人 the poor穷人
the sick病人 the disabled残疾人
the wounded受伤者
2．如何判断空格处使用副词
(1)修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
Be quiet! He is reading carefully.安静！他正在认真地读书。
(2)位于实义动词之前或be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，修饰整个句子。
It is usually crowded in the supermarket at weekends.周末超市通常是拥挤的。
(3)位于句首或句末，作状语，修饰整个句子。
Unfortunately, he was out.很遗憾，他出去了。
(4)在固定搭配中。
speak highly of高度评价
(5)根据上下文语境，需要表示频度、程度等时。
(6)在as...as结构中，且谓语动词为实义动词。
I can run as fast as you. 我可以和你跑得一样快。
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1．(2022·河北中考节选)She is a warm and __________(friend) person. She is popular among us.
2．(2022·河北中考节选)I thought it was the _________(nice) cake I had ever eaten.
3．(2021·河北中考)They're very _________ (love).
4．(2021·河北中考)They ran ________(fast) than us.
5．(2020·河北中考)Mom cut the meat and cabbages into small pieces _______(quick)．
6．(2019·河北中考)I was ________(deep) moved.
7．(2018·河北中考)We talked __________(happy)．
8．(2017·河北中考)He often listens to my problems________(careful)．
9．(2016·河北中考)Everyone cooked the dishes that could be carried ______(easy)．
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10．(2022·广西河池中考)High speed trains are much _________(fast) than traditional ones.
11．(2022·江苏镇江中考)Millie is interested in Biology, and she often records the ________(nature) beauty in the park.
12．(2022·江苏镇江中考)The machine was repaired last Saturday. Now it is running _________(smooth).
参考答案
【考法分类详解】
命题点1
1．B　2.C　3.A　4.C　5.D　6.B　7.A　8.C　9.D
10．D
命题点2
1．D　2.D　3.B　4.B　5.B　6.C　7.D　8.A
命题点3
1．D　2.D　3.B　4.D　5.B　6.C　7.B　8.D　9.C
10．C
命题点4
1．friendly　2.nicest　3.lovely　4.faster
5．quickly　6.deeply　7.happily　8.carefully
9．easily　10.faster　11.natural　12.smoothly