重难题型二 阅读理解 2023年中考英语专题讲义学案（河北专用，含答案）

重难题型二　阅读理解
微技法1　细节理解
针对此类设题，考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速浏览文章，发现文章中的细节信息，然后抓取关键词，定位到原文中来解题。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·河北中考·阅读理解A节选)I'm Emily. I like doing arts. We often paint pictures and make things at the club. We have a helper in the arts room. He's really nice. People talk to him about their problems.
51．Who paints pictures and makes things at the club
A．Sam. B．Bob. C．Rose. D．Emily.
【解析】根据本段前三句可知，Emily在俱乐部画画和做东西，故选D。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例2.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·河北中考·阅读理解B节选)Last year I had a trip with my friend, Nancy. The weather was cloudy except for one night. Nancy and I sat in the field and we felt relaxed. We talked about the fantastic trip, looking at the stars. “It's a pity we don't know which stars we're looking at, Jenny，” said Nancy. “I know some of them，” I answered. Nancy felt surprised when I finally finished telling her all the names I knew.
54. How did Nancy feel after Jenny told her the names of stars
A．Relaxed. B．Surprised.
C．Angry. D．Wonderful.
【解析】根据本段最后一句可知，当Jenny告诉Nancy星星的名字的时候，Nancy是感到惊讶的，故选B。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例3.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·河北中考·阅读理解C节选)The best presentations are well planned and clearly organized. Think about topics(话题) and choose a proper one. In one topic, three or four main ideas will be fine. The beginning of your presentation should be interesting. For example, you can tell a short, funny story to make people laugh.
57．How can you interest your listeners at the beginning
A．By listing your ideas.
B．By telling a funny story.
C．By standing up straight.
D．By saying simple words.
【解析】根据本段最后两句可知，通过讲一个有趣的小故事，你可以让听众在一开始就感兴趣。故选B。
微技法2　推理判断
此类题型要求考生对文章的内容及作者的思路作出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推断出隐含在文章中的事实及暗示的含义。常见的推理判断有以下三种：
1．针对文中细节的推断
INCLUDEPICTURE"例1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·河北中考·阅读理解C节选)Presentation(展示) skills are important at school and in other areas of life. Some people don't like giving presentations because they don't know what to say or because they get nervous about public speaking. Here's some advice to help you make presentations easier and more enjoyable.
60. Which question could best help us find out the writer's purpose
A．Did the writer try to teach us skills
B．Did the writer help us understand ideas
C．Did the writer invite us to attend a course
D．Did the writer ask us to be polite in public
【解析】根据本段最后一句可知，本文作者介绍了一些使演讲更容易、更有趣的建议，通过这些建议我们能提升个人的演讲技能，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是帮助我们提升演讲技能，故选A。
2．针对文章出处的推断
3．针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推断
INCLUDEPICTURE"例2.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2021· 河北中考·阅读理解B节选)Mary was in bed, feeling sleepy. She read the first few words of her book, “The dodo(渡渡鸟) was a bird that couldn't fly...”， and soon she fell fast asleep.
…
The window blew shut, and Mary woke up with a start. There was no one and nothing to see, except the book in her hand.
56．Which question could best help us find out the writer's purpose
A．Did the writer want us to have fun
B．Did the writer want us to raise animals
C．Did the writer want us to protect dodos
D．Did the writer want to learn something
【解析】通读全文可知，本文讲述了Mary的一个梦境。在这个梦境中，Mary用一些动物们的对话来说明渡渡鸟当前面临的状态，旨在鼓励我们保护渡渡鸟。故选C。
微技法3　词义/句意推测
此类题目在设置时，词义推测多为生难词，句意推测多为同义句的转换，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文语境推测生词、短语或句子意思的技巧。
1．根据上下文语境推测词义
INCLUDEPICTURE"例1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·河北中考·阅读理解D节选)Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we'll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has been through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future.
63．What does the underlined word “disgraceful” probably mean
A．Bad. B．Personal.
C．Dangerous. D．Interesting.
【解析】根据本段第一、二句可知，失败不是很丢脸，我们必须接受失败，并学会利用它。disgraceful与bad意思相近，故选A。
2．通过同义词或近义词推测词义
INCLUDEPICTURE"例2.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2021· 河北中考·阅读理解D节选)For me, act is the most important thing for success and that's to Take Persistent Action(Act). If you say, “I can't do it” and give up, you can never do anything valuable. However, “I'll try” creates wonders. Let's remember that there will be obstacles in our life. We must face them bravely and solve them. Success is not something that falls down from the sky. Most successful people made their dreams come true because of their persistent action.
63．What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean
A．Dangers. B．Imaginations.
C．Wonders. D．Difficulties.
【解析】根据画线词的后一句“我们必须勇敢地面对它们、解决它们”可知，此处是指生活中会遇到问题或者麻烦一类的情况，结合选项可知，D项最符合，故选D。
3．通过反义词或反义关系推测词义
4．通过生活常识推测词义
微技法4　段落/主旨大意
段落/主旨大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对段落内容或文章内容进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
1．开门见山式
2．藏头露尾式
3．首尾呼应式
微技法5　最佳标题
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。选择最佳标题在英语阅读理解题中是深层理解题。一般从两个方面考查：
1．关注核心及高频词汇
INCLUDEPICTURE"例.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·河北中考·阅读理解D节选)Nobody wants to lose, but we must accept that losing is a part of life. After all, we can't win all the time. However, we can learn something valuable from every failure(失败). This may help us succeed in the future. So we must know how to be a good loser.
65. What is the best title for the text
A．Ideas about how to avoid mistakes
B．Experience in dealing with problems
C．Advice on how to be a good loser
D．Advantages of both success and failure
【解析】根据本段最后一句及全文可知，本文主要讲述了失败对于我们的好处，以及如何应对失败。C项“关于如何成为一个好失败者的建议”符合文意。故选C。
2．根据主题句选择最佳标题
INCLUDEPICTURE"三级标题-河北题型精练.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "三级标题-河北题型精练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Passage One
(2022·河北邯郸邯山芳园实验中学一模)
　　I'm Tony. I am in trouble. Last week, we had a football match, and we lost. We played well, but one teammate didn't do his best, I think. It was like he wasn't even on the court! I was so disappointed(失望的) that I said all this to my best friend. But he told everyone else what I'd said. I'm really angry with my friend—what should I say to him And should I say anything at all to my teammate？
Reply from Betty There is an old American saying, “Loose lips sink ships.” This means that if you speak too much about something, especially to people who you don't know so well, it'll cause all kinds of trouble. Maybe now you're like this. Forget all these unhappy things.INCLUDEPICTURE"23YYTKCQL-3.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23YYTKCQL-3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT Like 13
Reply from Lingling Perhaps most importantly, think about what you did. When filled with anger, you would say whatever comes to your mind. You might hurt others. Take a deep breath, be quiet and relaxed, and always remember: think first, speak later.INCLUDEPICTURE"23YYTKCQL-3.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23YYTKCQL-3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT Like 11
Reply from Ms. Li Here's what you need to do. First, apologise to your teammate. Have a conversation with him, and tell him directly and honestly that you were talking without thinking. Then tell your friend you're angry for his repeating what you said and making things worse, but you hope your friendship will move on.INCLUDEPICTURE"23YYTKCQL-3.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23YYTKCQL-3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT Like 10
1.What would Tony like to do？(　　)
A．Discuss the match.
B．Find a teammate.
C．Get help from others.
D．Show football skills.
2．Which is Lingling's idea according to the passage？(　　)
A．Anger is of no use.
B．Never speak too much.
C．Think before you speak.
D．Speak your mind loudly.
3．What does the underlined word “apologise” probably mean？(　　)
A．Listen carefully. B．Say sorry.
C．Pay attention. D．Look forward.
Passage Two
(2023·原创)It was the first day of class. Two of her new ESL classmates, Rose and Jennifer wanted to know where Tara was from. They were both from Iraq. Because Tara looked like an Iraqi, one of the women asked Tara, in English, if she was from Iraq. Tara replied, “No, I'm not.” Then the women took turns asking Tara if she was from Iran, or Syria, or Jordan. To each question, Tara responded with a simple “no”. So they went to their desks, talking to each other in Arabic.
The next day, the teacher divided the students into groups of four. The students in each group asked introductory(介绍的) questions of each other. A student in Tara's group asked her, “Where are you from？” Tara answered that she was from Iraq. The two women who had questioned Tara the day before were sitting only a few feet away. Both of them heard Tara's response.
“Aha！” they both exclaimed. “You are from Iraq！” Tara smiled and said “yes”. Then she apologized to both of them for lying the day before. She explained that she had not wanted to get into an Arabic conversation with them. It had been her experience that many ESL students continued to speak their native language in ESL class, and Tara had not come to ESL class to practice her Arabic. In her opinion, ESL students should try to speak English only.
“I agree，” said Rose.
“You're 100 percent right，” agreed Jennifer. “Rose and I must stop speaking Arabic to each other. Right, Rose？” Rose nodded, and then said something in Arabic. All three women laughed.
1．After Tara said no, Rose and Jennifer talked to each other in __________.
A．Chinese B．English
C．Japanese D．Arabic
2．Actually Tara was from __________.
A．Iraq B．China
C．America D．England
3．According to the passage, we can guess ESL class teaches __________.
A．how to make friends with foreigners
B．people English
C．the importance of our native languages
D．how to get into an Arabic conversation
Passage Three
(2022·四川眉山中考改编)For years, it has been said that newspapers are at death's door. Each of the past few years has seen many newspapers say goodbye to their readers. But why is the situation so terrible for newspapers
Newspapers have a long history. The first newspaper was printed in the 1600s. The industry experienced its most successful time in the early 20th century.
With the appearance of radio and TV, however, newspaper circulation(发行量) began to fall. By the mid 20th century, radio and TV had become so popular that people no longer had to depend on newspapers for news. This was especially true for the latest news.
Afternoon newspapers were the first to suffer. More and more people coming home from work turned on the TV, instead of opening a newspaper. But generally, newspapers still managed to survive(生存). Although they couldn't compete with TV in spreading the latest news, they could provide in depth reports that TV news could not.
But newspapers suffered another heavier blow in the 1990s. With the appearance of the Internet, lots of information became free. Many newspaper readers realized that they could conveniently read news online for free. There seemed to be little reason any longer for them to pay for a newspaper.
So what will the future of newspapers be like Will newspapers die Maybe not. Many newspapers are now changing. Some are going digital(数字化的). Some are going even farther by taking the industry to places it has never been to. After all, people still want the news. And many agree that newspapers are important for in depth news and opinions. If newspapers were to completely disappear, there would be nothing to take their place.
1．When was the first newspaper printed？(　　)
A．In the 1600s.
B．In the 1900s.
C．In the early 20th century.
D．In the mid 20th century.
2．How did newspapers manage to survive against competition from TV？(　　)
A．By going digital.
B．By working with TV.
C．By including more pictures.
D．By focusing on in depth reports.
3．Why did newspapers suffer again in the 1990s？(　　)
A．Because people lost interest in reading news.
B．Because newspapers became more expensive.
C．Because TV started to focus on in depth news.
D．Because people could read news online for free.
4．Which of the following would the writer most likely agree with？(　　)
A．The future of newspapers is hopeless.
B．The future of newspapers is still uncertain.
C Many newspapers will die in the near future.
D．Afternoon newspapers will become popular again.
Passage Four
In order to lose weight effectively, it is important to understand the importance of calories(卡路里) and how to calculate the amount of calories required for your body to lose weight. In weight loss, your diet plays the most important role in achieving the desired results.
Most people take part in different weight loss programs with the hope of losing weight. However, have you ever stopped to ask yourself what it is that helps people to lose weight The simple answer is the “calories you take in versus(与……相对) the calories you expend”. In order to be able to calculate and effectively burn the calories to lose weight, you need to understand what calories are.
Generally speaking, calories are treated as the unit of energy that is gotten from food and drink. Your body cells need the calories to live normally and that is why you need to make sure that you meet your daily calorie intake. What you need to understand is that any food item that contains calories has the possibility to increase your energy intake. Now, people who don't understand the importance of calories in the body end up gaining(增加) or losing too much weight.
To be able to understand the dynamics(动态) of weight loss and weight gain, you need to understand what the calories are and what their role is in the body.
Calories as mentioned above are units of energy. They are the ones that provide the body with energy for its normal functions. However, the calorie intake is directly linked to the energy expenditure. This means that for you to be able to lose weight, the energy expenditure needs to be higher than the calorie intake. To gain weight, you need to keep a higher energy intake than the energy expenditure. The opposite is true. If you want to lose weight, you must burn more calories than those you take in.
1．What plays the most important role in weight loss？(　　)
A．The diet. B．The weight. C．The exercise. D．The cost.
2．What does the underlined word “expend” mean？(　　)
A．摄入 B．消耗 C．发觉 D．重视
3．What are calories？(　　)
A．A kind of fat.
B．The unit of energy.
C．A way of losing weight.
D．The high energy.
4．If you want to gain weight, you should __________．
A．take in more calories than those you burn
B．take more exercise than ever
C．burn more calories than those you take in
D．only understand what the calories are
5．Which would be the best title of the passage？(　　)
A．How to lose weight
B．How to know about calories
C．The things about calories
D．The importance of losing weight
参考答案
【河北题型精练】
Passage One
1．C　2.C　3.B
Passage Two
1．D　2.A　3.B
Passage Three
1．A　2.D　3.D　4.B
Passage Four
1．A　2.B　3.B　4.A　5.A
2