重难题型四 词语运用 2023年中考英语专题讲义学案（河北专用，含答案）

重难题型四　词语运用
(2022·河北中考)Mrs. Zhang is my neighbor. Her house is next to 71.__________(my). She is a warm and 72.__________(friend) person. She is popular among us. She always 73.__________(like) to help others. And she often asks people 74.__________she can do for them. She often says hello 75.__________me from her front garden when I come back home. She plants different 76.__________(kind) of beautiful flowers in her garden. It was Mrs. Zhang's birthday last Saturday. She held a party and 77.__________(invite) all the neighbors. She made 78.__________very big cake with fresh flowers on it. It was my 79.__________(one) time to see such a cake. I thought it was the 80.__________(nice) cake I had ever eaten. We sang, danced and talked and it was really a great time.
【答案】
71．mine　72.friendly　73.likes　74.what　75.to
76．kinds　77.invited　78.a　79.first　80.nicest
微技法1　分析句构，确定所填单词词性
1．若句子缺少主语，则考虑填名词、代词、数词或动名词。
2．若句子缺少谓语，则考虑填动词。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT She always __________(like) to help others.
【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语，主语是第三人称单数形式，故填likes。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例2.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT She held a party and ___________(invite) all the neighbors.
【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语，再结合前面的held可知时态为一般过去时，故填invited。
3．若句子缺少宾语，则考虑填名词、代词、数词或动名词。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例3.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT Her house is next to ___________(my)．
【解析】分析句子结构可知，介词to后缺少代词作宾语，空后没有名词，所以此处填名词性物主代词mine，指“紧挨着我的房子”，故填mine。
4．若句子缺少表语，则考虑填名词或形容词。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例4.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT She is a warm and ____________(friend) person. She is popular among us.
【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词修饰名词person，故填friend的形容词形式friendly。
5．若句子缺少定语，则考虑填形容词、名词、形容词性物主代词、动词的过去分词或现在分词等。
6．若句子缺少状语，则考虑填副词、不定式、动词的过去分词或现在分词等。
7．若句子缺少补语，则考虑填名词、形容词、副词、动词的过去分词或现在分词等。
微技法2　词性吻合，结合语境和语法规则确定单词形式)
若词性吻合，再结合实际语境和语法规则来确定所填单词的具体形式，得出最终答案。
1．若所填词是名词，且空前为a/an/one等表示单数概念的词，则名词可能直接填原形；若空前有many，some，a few等修饰词，则要考虑填名词的复数形式；或者根据语境判断此处填该名词的另一种名词形式(如science—scientist，music—musician，art—artist，Japan—Japanese，friend—friendship)。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT I'm in the school basketball team. We usually play _________(match) on Saturday mornings.
【解析】根据微技法1第3条可知本题答案应该填名词，再结合语境可知，usually表示不止一次打比赛，所以应该用其复数形式，故答案是matches。
2．若所填词是动词，则要根据主语的人称、数、具体的时态和语态以及动词的语境来判断所填词的正确形式。
(1)一般现在时的标志词有always，often，usually，sometimes，every week，once a month等。若主语为第一人称、第二人称或第三人称复数形式，谓语动词用原形；若主语为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例2.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT My mother ___________(work) in a toy shop.
【解析】根据微技法1第2条可知本题答案应该填动词，进一步分析句子可知本题没有明显的时态标志词，再分析语境可知本题填一般现在时。故答案是works。
(2)一般过去时的标志词有just now，ago，in 1980，yesterday，last night等。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例3.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT However, we had better teamwork. Finally, we ___________(win)!
【解析】根据微技法1的第2条可知本题答案应该填动词，根据上文中last week以及上一句中的had可知，该句时态为一般过去时，故答案是won。
(3)一般将来时的标志词有tomorrow，in the future，someday，in ten minutes，soon，next week等。
(4)现在进行时的标志词有now，at present，these days，look，listen等。
(5)现在完成时的标志词有yet，already，recently，since then，for＋一段时间，in the past 5 years等。
(6)过去进行时的标志词有at 8：00 last night，at that moment，at this time yesterday等。
(7)如果句子主语与谓语动词之间是动宾关系，则需用被动语态。
3．若所填词是形容词，则要判断用原形还是用比较等级。形容词比较级的标志词多为than，还有much，even，a lot等；形容词最高级的标志词有the，in，of，among等。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例4.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT I thought it was the ____________(nice) cake I had ever eaten.
【解析】根据提示词the及语境可知，此处使用形容词最高级，故填nicest。
4．若所填词是副词，同样要判断用原形还是用比较等级。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例5.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例5.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT Last week, we played against another school. They ran ___________(fast) than us.
【解析】根据微技法1第6条可知本题答案应该填副词，再结合句中than可知此处填副词的比较级，故答案是faster。
5．若所填词是数词，则要判断用基数词还是序数词。一般(大于1)基数词后的名词为复数形式，序数词后的名词为单数形式，且序数词前加the。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例6.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例6.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT It was my ____________(one) time to see such a cake.
【解析】此处考查句型It was one's＋序数词＋time to do sth.“这是某人第几次做某事”，one的序数词为first，故填first。
6．若所填词是代词，则需要判断此处是用代词的哪种形式，作主语时用代词的主格或名词性物主代词； 作宾语时用宾格或反身代词； 作定语时用形容词性物主代词。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例7.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例7.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT She loves ___________(she) job.
【解析】根据微技法1第3条可知此处填代词，在本句中作宾语，再根据语境和提示词可知本题的答案是her。
微技法3　词性不吻合，将其转化为正确的形式
若词性不吻合，则要将其转化为正确的形式。
1．针对根据首字母提示补全单词题，考生可以采取以下方法：
(1)通读全文，了解大意。
初读时，可以跳过空格，尽量捕捉文章提供的内容信息，以及语法方面的提示，有助于下一步分析与判断。
(2)再读全文，理清脉络。
通读全文，掌握大意后，聚焦在含有首字母的一两个句子中，用已知信息去获取未知信息，以便初步确定设空处单词的含义。在答题过程中，可以把后面括号内已经给出单词的设空处先填好，减少空格对阅读造成的障碍，然后再仔细推敲提示首字母的设空处。利用上下文的语境，推断所缺词汇。再结合学过的知识，分析其在句中所作的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再根据时态和语法规则来判断所填词的正确形式。
2．针对盲填题，考生可以采取以下方法：
(1)冠词：根据语境，若空后的名词表示单数概念，且该空表泛指或特指，则考虑用冠词。表泛指用不定冠词a/an(以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an修饰；以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a修饰)；表特指用定冠词the。或者是根据一些固定搭配选择冠词。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT She made ____________ very big cake with fresh flowers on it.
【解析】空后的名词cake是单数形式，再结合语境可知此处泛指一个大蛋糕，且big以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
(2)连词：如果两个简单句之间有并列、转折、选择或因果关系，则考虑用并列连词；如果存在假设、让步等关系，则用从属连词。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例2.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT He is busy every day, ____________ he tries to spend more time with us.
【解析】分析句子并结合语境可知，空格处前后两个分句之间存在转折关系，所以用连词but连接。
(3)介词：对于介词的考查，一般在固定搭配和介词短语中考查。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例3.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT I often help my parents look ____________ them in my spare time.
【解析】分析句子并结合语境可知，本句考查介词短语look after “照顾”，故答案是after
INCLUDEPICTURE"三级标题-河北题型精练.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "三级标题-河北题型精练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Passage One
Farming was considered part of the countryside activities in the past. But now, it 1._________(have) come to the cities.
Zhang Chao, 17, from Anhui Province, is one young “city 2._________(farm)”. The senior high student said he began to fall 3.____________ love with this in primary school when he lived with his grandpa in the countryside. “Spending his whole life 4._________ a farmer, my grandpa likes to plant seasonal vegetables in our backyard garden when he got 5._________(old)，” Zhang said. “6._________ (encourage)by his passion(热情), I also 7._________(learn) to grow my own vegetables.”
“It has brought me good 8.________(memory)，” added Zhang. “9.________ (grow) fruits and vegetables not only brings delicious food and enhances food security, 10.___________ it also reminds me of the happy times with my grandpa.”
Passage Two
My name's Mike Fuksman，from the US.When I first arrived 1.__________ China, I didn't speak any Chinese at all. I could only say “hello” 2.___________ “thank you”. But since then, I've 3._________(get) pretty good progress of the language.
One thing that I really appreciate about Chinese is that it is 4._________(usual) quite direct. When you break each word group down into its individual(单独的) 5._________(word), they make sense together. “Elevator” is dianti—6._________(translate) word by word, it means “electric stairs”.
Then again, there 7._________(be) plenty of strange words, such 8.__________ dongxi, which means “things”. If you translate each part separately, it 9._________(mean) “east west”.
Learning Chinese has been 10.__________ challenge, but it has also been fun and made my life more convenient.
Passage Three
Li Chunhong, 66, said it was cancer(癌症) that pushed her to do things she had never dreamed of—being 1.__________ model, for example. Li retired 2.____________ 2017. She got cancer and went through 25 radiation treatments(放疗), suffering pain 3._________depression.
“Knowing that life is limited, I wanted to do something I really liked，” she said. At the 4._________(suggest) of a friend, she became a model in 2018. After only a few months of 5._________(train), she took part in a national catwalk competition for elderly 6._________(model). To her surprise, she won the 7._________(one) prize. Li felt she had been reborn into a wonderful new world.
“True beauty 8._________(come) from a state of mind. I still have a young heart and want to make every day 9._________(mean), and share my happiness with the people around 10._________(I)，” Li said.
参考答案
【河北题型精练】
Passage One
1．has　2.farmer　3.in　4.as　5.older
6．Encouraged　7.learned　8.memories
9．Growing　10.but
Passage Two
1．in　2.and　3.got/gotten　4.usually　5.words
6．translated　7.are　8.as　9.means　10.a
Passage Three
1．a　2.in　3.and　4.suggestion　5.training
6．models　7.first　8.comes　9.meaningful
10．me
2