北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 2 Brain Power 同步课时作业（含答案）
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| 名称 | 北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 2 Brain Power 同步课时作业（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 北师大版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-05 22:07:59 | ||
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Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 2 Brain Power
一、填空
1.Most food webs, for instance, consist _____ many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
2.How does it come _____________ that you are here, not in Beijing
3.I came _____________ an old friend this morning.
4.When is her new novel coming _____________
5.The plan will come __________ at the next meeting.
6.Fire extinguishers are located ____________ each floor and in each apartment.
7.His action does not consistent __________ his words.
8.Happiness does not consist __________ how many possessions you own.
9.The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5 :00 pm and is ____________(locate) at Roma Street station.
10.In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the ____________(locate) was considered a poor area of town.
二、语法填空
The Benefits of Learning by Involvement
There is nothing like the pressure of the classroom to make you feel nervous and even hold you back.
Learning by doing, by participating, is very effective. In fact, it ①_______(believe) that our athletic skills and language learning skills are located in ②_______ same area of the brain and indeed, this is how children learn. Living with a family makes the language familiar, literally ③_______ (bring) it home to you.
To really appreciate and understand another language, you need ④_______ (understand) its culture and philosophy. The only way to do that is to put yourself in it. It will be an adventure, ⑤_______ there, undoubtedly, will be some unexpected elements. But it will ⑥_______ (certain) be memorable and you'll have plenty of tales to tell on your return.
Your everyday life is lived in that language, ⑦_______ it is peeling the potatoes or feeding the cat! The exchange is natural and meaningful. It's a big difference from the grammar and structure in classroom ⑧_______ (textbook). Every single interaction or conversation, from buying a bus ticket ⑨_______ making new friends will be in this language. You give yourself no ⑩_______ (choose) but to learn it and every reason to learn it well!
三、阅读理解
We take showers and use the toilet every day to get rid of bodily waste. Our brains also need to take a bath every day. How can they do it
A 2013 study found the answer. Researchers at the US University of Rochester studied the brains of mice and discovered that they cleaned themselves while the mice slept. A kind of fluid (液体) in the brain, called cerebrospinal fluid(CSF,脑脊液), was found to increase dramatically(显著地) during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hours.
"This study shows that the brain has different functional states when asleep and when awake," Maiken Nedergaard, the lead researcher, told NBC News. It also explains why we can't seem to think clearly after a sleepless night while a good night's sleep leaves us feeling sharp and refreshed.
Now a new study, published on Oct. 31 in Science, digs a little deeper into our brains' self-cleaning procedure. Instead of mice, this time humans were the test subjects.
Researchers at Boston University, US, monitored the brainwaves of 13 healthy adults who were sleeping, using accelerated NMRI(核磁共振成像), which is capable of recording faster changes inside the brain than a regular NMRI machine. They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and "clean". This cycle coincided with(与……一致) the rhythm of the brain's slow waves—an electrical activity that happens when we're in a deep sleep.
It's still unknown how these brain activities are connected. But the mere fact that they are connected is exciting enough, since it allows researchers to piece together(拼凑出) possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases.
For example, slow-wave sleep has been proven to play a role in strengthening our memories. This may explain why people with Alzheimer's(阿尔茨海默病) often have fewer and weaker slow brainwaves. Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains : They are not clean.
Nedergaard, leader of the 2013 study, is also excited about the new findings. "Maybe the most important message is that sleep is a serious thing," she told Scientific American. "You really need to sleep to keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activities to a practical 'housekeeping' function."
1.What did the researchers find when they studied the brains of mice
A.CSF in their brains decreased when the mice slept.
B.More waste proteins were produced in their brains during sleep.
C.CSF carried away waste proteins in their brains during sleep.
D.The more CSF was in their brains, the fewer proteins were there.
2.What did the researchers discover when they monitored human brainwaves
A.It took 20 seconds for CSF to clean brains.
B.Brains were "cleaned" when blood flowed out.
C.The rhythm of the brain was slower than that of CSF.
D.The brains worked more slowly when we were asleep.
3.What are the last three paragraphs mainly about
A.The significance of the research. B.The features of slow-wave sleep.
C.The importance of having a good sleep. D.The connections between these brain activities.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：of
2.答案：about
3.答案：across
4.答案：out
5.答案：up
6.答案：on
7.答案：with
8.答案：in
9.答案：located
10.答案：location
二、语法填空
答案：1. is believed2. the3. bringing 4. to understand5. where6. certainly7. whether8. textbooks9. to10. choice
解析： ①考查动词时态及语态。句意：事实上，人们相信，我们的运动技能和语言学习技能位于大脑的同一区域，事实上，这就是儿童学习的方式。分析句子可知，该空为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语it与believe之间是被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数形式，故填is believed。
②考查冠词。句意：事实上，人们相信，我们的运动技能和语言学习技能位于大脑的同一区域，事实上，这就是儿童学习的方式。the same表示"相同的"，故填the。
③考查现在分词。句意：和家人住在一起会让你熟悉这门语言，让你真正了解它。分析句子可知，该空为非谓语动词作状语，Living with a family与bring之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填bringing。
④考查动词不定式。句意：要真正欣赏和理解另一种语言，你需要了解它的文化和哲学。need to do表示"需要做某事"符合语境，故填to understand。
⑤考查定语从句。句意：这将是一次冒险，毫无疑问，会有一些意想不到的因素。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为adventure，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
⑥考查副词。句意：但这肯定是值得纪念的，你回来后会有很多故事要讲。分析句子可知，此处作状语，副词作状语，故填certainly。
⑦考查连词。句意：你的日常生活就是用这种语言生活的，不管是剥土豆还是喂猫。whether...or...表示"或者。或者."，故填whether。
⑧考查名词。句意：它与课堂教材中的语法和结构有很大的不同。结合句意可知，此处表示不止一个课本，故用名词的复数形式，故填textbooks。
⑨考查介词。句意：从买车票到结交新朋友，每一次互动或对话都将使用这种语言。
from.to.表示"从……到……"符合语境，故填to。
⑩考查名词。句意：你别无选择，只有学会它，并有充分的理由学好它。分析句子可知，此处作give的宾语，名词作宾语，故填choice。
三、阅读理解
答案：1-3.CBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"A kind of fluid(液体) in the brain, called cerebrospinal fluid(CSF,脑脊液),was found to increase dramatically(显著地) during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hours."可知,研究人员发现,老鼠的大脑中一种叫作脑脊液的液体在老鼠睡觉时会显著增加,清除老鼠清醒时在脑细胞间积聚的废物蛋白质,故C项正确。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and ‘clean'."可知,研究人员发现,每20秒,血液就从大脑中流出,为大量脑脊液进入大脑和"清洁"留出空间,故B项正确。
3.主旨大意题。根据后三段内容,特别是倒数第三段中的"…it allows researchers to piece together(拼凑出) possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases."、倒数第二段中的"Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains: They are not clean."及最后一段中的"Nedergaard, leader of the 2013 study, is also excited about the new findings. ‘Maybe the most important message is that sleep is a serious thing,' she told Scientific American."可知,此次研究或许能让研究人员拼凑出对于遭到误解的疾病的新解释,或许最重要的关键信息就是睡眠很重要,所以最后三段主要讲的是这一研究的意义。故A项正确。
2
一、填空
1.Most food webs, for instance, consist _____ many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
2.How does it come _____________ that you are here, not in Beijing
3.I came _____________ an old friend this morning.
4.When is her new novel coming _____________
5.The plan will come __________ at the next meeting.
6.Fire extinguishers are located ____________ each floor and in each apartment.
7.His action does not consistent __________ his words.
8.Happiness does not consist __________ how many possessions you own.
9.The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5 :00 pm and is ____________(locate) at Roma Street station.
10.In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the ____________(locate) was considered a poor area of town.
二、语法填空
The Benefits of Learning by Involvement
There is nothing like the pressure of the classroom to make you feel nervous and even hold you back.
Learning by doing, by participating, is very effective. In fact, it ①_______(believe) that our athletic skills and language learning skills are located in ②_______ same area of the brain and indeed, this is how children learn. Living with a family makes the language familiar, literally ③_______ (bring) it home to you.
To really appreciate and understand another language, you need ④_______ (understand) its culture and philosophy. The only way to do that is to put yourself in it. It will be an adventure, ⑤_______ there, undoubtedly, will be some unexpected elements. But it will ⑥_______ (certain) be memorable and you'll have plenty of tales to tell on your return.
Your everyday life is lived in that language, ⑦_______ it is peeling the potatoes or feeding the cat! The exchange is natural and meaningful. It's a big difference from the grammar and structure in classroom ⑧_______ (textbook). Every single interaction or conversation, from buying a bus ticket ⑨_______ making new friends will be in this language. You give yourself no ⑩_______ (choose) but to learn it and every reason to learn it well!
三、阅读理解
We take showers and use the toilet every day to get rid of bodily waste. Our brains also need to take a bath every day. How can they do it
A 2013 study found the answer. Researchers at the US University of Rochester studied the brains of mice and discovered that they cleaned themselves while the mice slept. A kind of fluid (液体) in the brain, called cerebrospinal fluid(CSF,脑脊液), was found to increase dramatically(显著地) during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hours.
"This study shows that the brain has different functional states when asleep and when awake," Maiken Nedergaard, the lead researcher, told NBC News. It also explains why we can't seem to think clearly after a sleepless night while a good night's sleep leaves us feeling sharp and refreshed.
Now a new study, published on Oct. 31 in Science, digs a little deeper into our brains' self-cleaning procedure. Instead of mice, this time humans were the test subjects.
Researchers at Boston University, US, monitored the brainwaves of 13 healthy adults who were sleeping, using accelerated NMRI(核磁共振成像), which is capable of recording faster changes inside the brain than a regular NMRI machine. They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and "clean". This cycle coincided with(与……一致) the rhythm of the brain's slow waves—an electrical activity that happens when we're in a deep sleep.
It's still unknown how these brain activities are connected. But the mere fact that they are connected is exciting enough, since it allows researchers to piece together(拼凑出) possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases.
For example, slow-wave sleep has been proven to play a role in strengthening our memories. This may explain why people with Alzheimer's(阿尔茨海默病) often have fewer and weaker slow brainwaves. Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains : They are not clean.
Nedergaard, leader of the 2013 study, is also excited about the new findings. "Maybe the most important message is that sleep is a serious thing," she told Scientific American. "You really need to sleep to keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activities to a practical 'housekeeping' function."
1.What did the researchers find when they studied the brains of mice
A.CSF in their brains decreased when the mice slept.
B.More waste proteins were produced in their brains during sleep.
C.CSF carried away waste proteins in their brains during sleep.
D.The more CSF was in their brains, the fewer proteins were there.
2.What did the researchers discover when they monitored human brainwaves
A.It took 20 seconds for CSF to clean brains.
B.Brains were "cleaned" when blood flowed out.
C.The rhythm of the brain was slower than that of CSF.
D.The brains worked more slowly when we were asleep.
3.What are the last three paragraphs mainly about
A.The significance of the research. B.The features of slow-wave sleep.
C.The importance of having a good sleep. D.The connections between these brain activities.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：of
2.答案：about
3.答案：across
4.答案：out
5.答案：up
6.答案：on
7.答案：with
8.答案：in
9.答案：located
10.答案：location
二、语法填空
答案：1. is believed2. the3. bringing 4. to understand5. where6. certainly7. whether8. textbooks9. to10. choice
解析： ①考查动词时态及语态。句意：事实上，人们相信，我们的运动技能和语言学习技能位于大脑的同一区域，事实上，这就是儿童学习的方式。分析句子可知，该空为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语it与believe之间是被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数形式，故填is believed。
②考查冠词。句意：事实上，人们相信，我们的运动技能和语言学习技能位于大脑的同一区域，事实上，这就是儿童学习的方式。the same表示"相同的"，故填the。
③考查现在分词。句意：和家人住在一起会让你熟悉这门语言，让你真正了解它。分析句子可知，该空为非谓语动词作状语，Living with a family与bring之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填bringing。
④考查动词不定式。句意：要真正欣赏和理解另一种语言，你需要了解它的文化和哲学。need to do表示"需要做某事"符合语境，故填to understand。
⑤考查定语从句。句意：这将是一次冒险，毫无疑问，会有一些意想不到的因素。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为adventure，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
⑥考查副词。句意：但这肯定是值得纪念的，你回来后会有很多故事要讲。分析句子可知，此处作状语，副词作状语，故填certainly。
⑦考查连词。句意：你的日常生活就是用这种语言生活的，不管是剥土豆还是喂猫。whether...or...表示"或者。或者."，故填whether。
⑧考查名词。句意：它与课堂教材中的语法和结构有很大的不同。结合句意可知，此处表示不止一个课本，故用名词的复数形式，故填textbooks。
⑨考查介词。句意：从买车票到结交新朋友，每一次互动或对话都将使用这种语言。
from.to.表示"从……到……"符合语境，故填to。
⑩考查名词。句意：你别无选择，只有学会它，并有充分的理由学好它。分析句子可知，此处作give的宾语，名词作宾语，故填choice。
三、阅读理解
答案：1-3.CBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"A kind of fluid(液体) in the brain, called cerebrospinal fluid(CSF,脑脊液),was found to increase dramatically(显著地) during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hours."可知,研究人员发现,老鼠的大脑中一种叫作脑脊液的液体在老鼠睡觉时会显著增加,清除老鼠清醒时在脑细胞间积聚的废物蛋白质,故C项正确。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and ‘clean'."可知,研究人员发现,每20秒,血液就从大脑中流出,为大量脑脊液进入大脑和"清洁"留出空间,故B项正确。
3.主旨大意题。根据后三段内容,特别是倒数第三段中的"…it allows researchers to piece together(拼凑出) possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases."、倒数第二段中的"Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains: They are not clean."及最后一段中的"Nedergaard, leader of the 2013 study, is also excited about the new findings. ‘Maybe the most important message is that sleep is a serious thing,' she told Scientific American."可知,此次研究或许能让研究人员拼凑出对于遭到误解的疾病的新解释,或许最重要的关键信息就是睡眠很重要,所以最后三段主要讲的是这一研究的意义。故A项正确。
2