北师大版（2019）选择性必修第二册同步课时作业Unit 5 EducationLesson 3 Understanding（含答案）

Unit 5 Lesson 3 Understanding
一、
1.Mr. Smith was the first ________(leave) on September 10th.
2.________(base) on a real story, the film was very moving.
3.It was with ________(sincere) and faithfulness that we created a harmonious(和谐的) atmosphere.
4.Drinking water really can keep you ________(cheer).
5.The scientists used detailed genetic analysis _____(prove) the links between them.
二、
6.I live on an island that borders the ________(大陆) of Australia.
7.Using his ________(滑雪板), Nicholas built a snow cave.
8.The lion dance performers need to have a solid ________(基础) of kung fu skills first.
9.She answered all my questions with her usual ________(诚实).
10.The nursery is bright and ________(令人愉快的) with plenty of toys.
三、
In the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold. In coastal water bodies, including river mouths and seas, low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950. Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as the Earth warms.
"Oxygen is fundamental to life in the ocean," said Denise Breitburg, a marine ecologist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. "The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth's environment. Actually, it's a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism, including hotels, restaurants, taxis and everything else. The reverberations (影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive."
In areas traditionally called "dead zones", like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, oxygen plummets(暴跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they're easier to be attacked or caught. But the problem goes far beyond "dead zones". Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals, hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death. It also can cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. While some animals can boom in "dead zones", overall biodiversity falls.
Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean. Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean. Furthermore, as the ocean as a whole gets warmer, it holds less oxygen. In coastal waters, too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms, which run out of oxygen as they die and break down.
People's livelihoods are also on the line, the scientists reported, especially in developing nations. Smaller fisheries (渔场) may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere. So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.
1.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A.The ocean has been losing its oxygen. B.The amount of sea water is increasing.
C.The coastal water bodies are dangerous. D.The Earth becomes warmer and warmer.
2.What can we infer from Denise Breitburg's words
A.Different oceans have different levels of oxygen.
B.The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.
C.The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen.
D.The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environment problem.
3.How does the "dead zone" affect sea animals
A.It offers more food. B.It forms dangerous gas.
C.It reduces their living areas. D.It produces more carbon dioxide.
4.How can we win the war according to the text
A.By closing smaller fisheries. B.By controlling humans' bad activities.
C.By improving people's living standards. D.By stopping nutrients entering the ocean.
四、
假定你是李华,你校英语倶乐部正在招聘英语角活动志愿者,请给在你市留学的新西兰朋友Terry发封邮件,邀请他参加,内容包括:
1.英语角活动目的;
2.志愿者工作时间和地点;
3.志愿者基本工作。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：to leave
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:史密斯先生是9月10日第一个离开的。the first to do sth.第一个做某事的,the first后常用不定式作定语。
2.答案：Based
解析：考查过去分词。此处为过去分词短语作状语,be based on...建立在……基础上。
3.答案：sincerity
解析：考查名词。句意：我们用真诚和忠诚创造了一种和谐的气氛。根据句意及空后 and faithfulness提示可知此处用名词。
4.答案：cheerful
解析：考查形容词。句意：喝水真的能让你保持愉快。分析句子可知此处包含“ keep sb.+adj.”结构，故用形容词作补语。
5.答案：to prove
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:科学家们用详细的基因分析来证明它们之间的联系。根据句意可知此处用动词不定式表示目的。
二、
6.答案：continent
7.答案：skis
8.答案：base
9.答案：honesty
10.答案：cheerful
三、
答案：1-4.ABCB
解析：本文是一篇说明文。由于人类活动的影响导致全球变暖,气候变化影响到了海洋生物的生存,又反作用于人类的生计,人类必须采取措施应对此问题。
1.主旨大意题。通过第一段我们知道了海洋面临的现状:在过去的50年里,海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多。低氧场所自1950年以来增加了十多倍。通过这些现状,科学家预计,随着地球变暖,即使在这些区域之外,氧气也会继续下降。由此可知海洋正在失去氧气,故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段Denise Breitburg说的Oxygen is fundamental to life in the ocean和The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth's environment... The reverberations(影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.可知,海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一,这种不健康的海洋生态系统的影响还会扩大。由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响,故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的In areas traditionally called "dead zones"... oxygen plummets(暴跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they're easier to be attacked or caught.可知,“死亡地带”的氧气大幅下跌,导致许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时,它们的栖息地变小,使它们更容易被攻击或捕获。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段中的The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects...taxis and everything else.可知,是人类活动造成了海洋氧气减少,所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动,故选B。
四、
答案：
I'm glad to tell you that our schools English club has a program called English Corner, which is aimed to make students interested and gain confidence in English. The program is from 3 p. m. to 6 p. m. at the library every Saturday.
The library needs more volunteers to tell students the cultural difference between English-speaking countries and China. Moreover, with the help of volunteers, students will watch English cartoons and learn English through games. I'm one of the volunteers. As far as I know, you are eager to make more Chinese friends. I think you should take advantage of this program. I'm looking forward to your early reply.
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