北京高考英语七选五专项训练（含答案）
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七选五
It’s been said that good cooking is an art form. The truth is that it’s much more than that.
____1____ It invites kids to make connections to the broader world by asking, “Where does our food come from ” and “What is the history of this recipe ” It allows them to apply what they are learning in school in a new context. They also test the math skills of young chefs. Measuring ingredients(原料)are frequent tasks in cooking or baking. ____2____ It is a perfect opportunity for them to learn that oil and water don’t usually mix.
Recipe failures matter as much as the successes. ____3____ When Helen, 11, took her cake out of the oven, she was disappointed to find that it was flat as a board. I told her about how, as a preteen, I accidentally made cookies with garlic powder instead of powdered ginger. Then we worked together to figure out what had gone wrong with her cake.
____4____ It encourages kids to work with others. It also encourages them to be open to foods they otherwise might not have tried. Jad, 11, had never eaten quinoa(藜麦)before testing a recipe for quinoa with herbs. His parents reported that he was so excited about this new ingredient that he cooked it for his family the next night.
Of course, the best part of cooking with kids isn’t the basic skills. ____5____ This year, Olive and I have already done a lot of holiday baking, including our favorite chocolate-chip cookies. We both felt excited despite the mess that accompanied that experience.
A．It is patience that really matters.
B．Cooking also brings science concepts to life.
C．In some ways, they help kids develop resilience.
D．It’s the memories you make together in the kitchen.
E．Beyond the practical skills, cooking builds character.
F．When using oil or fat for cooking, use as little as possible.
G．It’s a way to teach kids vital skills, such as critical thinking, creativity and cooperation.
In the wild, it all depends on you with your survival knowledge and equipment to life. ____6____ You must be familiar with the use of equipment. The weight of the equipment should be no more than 20kg. Here are some necessities that are advised to take.
You’d better take a compass. It is not heavy. It is entitled to a place in your equipment. The use of the compass is the most effective. Some people may say GPS is very popular now. ____7____ In cold, hot, wet and other bad conditions, such as about 10 degrees below zero in the northeast, GPS uses 30% more electricity than room temperature.
Besides that, I will talk about the role of fire. Fire plays an important role not only in cooking food, but also in helping us resist the cold. ____8____ The ordinary plastic lighters sold on the street are actually good, light weight and easy to use.
____9____ At least it is about 1.5 meters long and 30 — 50 cm wide. Putting a scarf around your neck can prevent sunburn by sunshine, can make it a simple sun hat, marching in bright light or desert. You can also make nets and catch fish and shrimp, birds and insects in the wild.
No matter how high-end your outdoor clothing is, you still need to take a raincoat. Choosing a suitable raincoat is very important. The separation kind of raincoat is more convenient. The raincoat doesn’t just protect you from the rain. ____10____
If the survival of the wild is compared to a building, then the strong will is the foundation, the survival knowledge is the wall, the proper training is the roof, the equipment is just to make you live in more comfortable decoration.
A．First, one better option is to take GPS.
B．The survival scarf in the wild is our essential survival tool.
C．Good equipment can let you have a more comfortable experience.
D．Bicycle raincoat can cover your bag but you can’t stretch out your hand.
E．However, the more complex things are, the more likely they are to go wrong.
F．In order to let you enjoy better treatment in the wild, you have to take a lighter.
G．It can also be used as tents and waterproof mats to keep you warm and get water for you.
The television this morning was displaying some new adventure movie about the hunt for a treasure ship full of gold. ___11___ Most of main characters have the dream of becoming an overnight millionaire. Later in the day I was at the gas station in line to pay for a filling up my car when the guy in front of me traded a handful of cash for a handful of hope in the form of Lotto tickets.
Where did this desire for treasure come from I know I myself am guilty of it. As a boy I would walk in the woods and daydream of finding buried treasure there. Then as an adult I would fantasize about some unknown relative leaving me a fortune or of my two self-published books becoming best sellers. ___12___ However, when I see all the rich and famous people on television I can see that they aren’t that happy and that they have their own unique set of problems.
___13___ There really is a true treasure out there that will make our lives so much better and the most amazing thing of all is this treasure is absolutely free. This treasure is love. There is so much love around us and when we invite the love into our hearts and lives we become rich, our days are filled with smiles, and our lives are full of joy. When we have love inside us, the problems of this life lose their power over us. ___14___
Then how shall we look for treasure The true treasure of life is already inside of you. ___15___ And the funny thing is that the more you share it with others, the more of it you have within yourself. Embrace love for you then. Share it with the world. It is a treasure that does not decay or disappear. It is a treasure that lasts forever.
A．While our lives may not be perfect, we are happy.
B．You just need to open the chest and spend it like crazy.
C．It doesn’t necessarily mean we need to dig holes to find treasure.
D．Maybe the real problem is that we are all looking for the wrong treasure.
E．It reminded me of all the other movies just like it I had seen over the years.
F．Treasure is usually defined as gathered wealth in the form of money or jewels.
G．Perhaps we all just think that having a lot of money will solve all of our problems.
In science, advances are a daily occurrence, but true breakthroughs are rare. What does it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs Some are the result of a lucky accident, combined with curiosity. Scientists traveling down one road suddenly find reason to switch to another road, one they never planned to travel — a road that may well lead nowhere.
___16___ One day, usually early in their career, they get an idea they can’t stop thinking about. It’s crazy, they say to themselves, but is it really impossible They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons their idea might not work, and how damaging this could be for their career. Yet, the idea won’t die and they are determined to travel that road — a road that may well lead nowhere. ___17___
Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel, they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, who discovered penicillin due to lucky accidents and curiosity, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó, who made all mRNA vaccines possible with 20 years of persistence and resilience. By bringing their dreams to life, they were rewarded with fame and wealth and something even more valuable. ___18___
Of course, the obsession (执念) with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists. ___19___ Nature doesn’t turn out to operate the way they predicted. In the end, their beautiful theory is murdered by brutal facts. For those dreamers on the right track, they would have achieved their dream — if only they had done the experiment a little differently, if only they had persisted a little longer, or if only the support for their work had not run out.
Ultimately, scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers, recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs. ___20___ More importantly, the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world.
A．Some scientists are addicted to their crazy ideas.
B．Their ideas, though brilliant, in the end are proved wrong.
C．But they refuse to give in and struggle to find more financial support.
D．Because of them, millions of people around the world never got sick or died.
E．Other major breakthroughs originate from scientists pursuing a specific idea.
F．But sometimes the road leads to major breakthroughs like X-ray and vaccines.
G．However, the investments leading to breakthroughs bring a greater economic return.
Putting Pen to Paper: The History of Ballpoint Pens
Ballpoint pens may not seem like anything special, but they’ve made our lives more convenient than you might realize. The story behind their invention may also surprise you.
László Bíró, a Hungarian journalist, is said to have invented the ballpoint pen in 1938. Before the ballpoint pen, people used fountain pens. These old-fashioned pens had to be refilled often, and they leaked and easily made paper dirty. ____21____
Many inventors had tried to design similar types of pens before Bíró, but none had succeeded. Bíró’s ballpoint pen design used a small ball instead of a nib（钢笔尖）. When the ball is pressed onto paper, it rolls to pick up ink inside the pen and transfer it onto paper. The inspiration for this design came from an unexpected source. One day, Bíró happened to see children playing with marbles（弹珠游戏）. A boy rolled a marble through a puddle, creating a line of water on the street and giving Bíró the idea for the ballpoint design. ____22____. He developed a thick, fast-drying ink for Bíró’s pen.
Bíró began selling his pen in Argentina, where he and his brother had fled to during World War Ⅱ. His biggest customer was UK’s Royal Air Force, which ordered 30,000 pens to allow its crews to write more easily while in the air. ____23____ Instead, American businessman Milton Reynolds was the man responsible for that. After seeing the pens in Argentina, he changed the design just enough to sell them as his own. Though expensive, the pens were a big hit with American customers in the 1940s.
Eventually, mass production made plastic ballpoint pens more affordable, and soon they were a household necessity. ____24____ Ballpoint pens can be less comfortable to write with because more pressure must be applied when writing with them. In addition, it doesn’t feel natural to join letters together because of the way the ink flows. Some say these factors contributed to the decline of cursive writing（草书）.
____25____ Who would have thought that this amazing invention was inspired by something as simple as children playing with marbles
A．For this reason, ballpoint pens last for ages.
B．Ballpoint pens have become an essential tool in our everyday lives.
C．These pens are particularly popular because they are easy to write with.
D．Unfortunately, Bíró wasn’t able to spread his invention around the world.
E．Although ballpoint pens were convenient, they changed the way that people write.
F．However, the real breakthrough came when Bíró got help from his brother, who was a scientist.
G．Since Bíró spent much of his day writing, he was all too familiar with these inconveniences.
What is a mistake A mistake is something wrong. It can be an action, a concept (概念), or a thing that was not done correctly. It can leave you feeling negative and unsuccessful. However, research shows that making mistakes is beneficial to you. Whether mistakes are beneficial or harmful depends on how much you know about them. ___26___
There are many reasons why humans make mistakes. A lack (缺乏) of experience in a certain field or situation may result in the mistakes. ___27___ This is because, by having confidence, you can think that nothing bad can happen to you, but it turns out that it is not true. You have to be ready for anything at all times since life is very uncertain.
What do I do when I make a mistake ___28___ You must ask yourself: Why did l make this decision Why was it not the correct decision After answering these questions internally, the best thing you can do is try to make up for the mistake you made to prevent it from further harming you. Consider that all people make mistakes, and it is common that at first, you do not know what to do to correct them. You should calm down a little and then let everything go to find the best solution.
___29___ Some do not even allow themselves to be wrong because they want to be perfect. The destructive goal is to push yourself to exhaustion (精疲力竭) in search of perfection. The healthy goal is to seek excellence in the result while enjoying the process of improvement.
___30___ What is now an unwanted result, in the future may become what helps you to achieve it, because it makes you worry, get back to work, expand the information you had and develop new skills to deal with the situation.
A．The first thing to do is to reflect.
B．Today’s mistake helps you get it right tomorrow.
C．Overconfidence can also cause us to make many mistakes.
D．The first thing when you make a mistake is to control your emotions.
E．Most people are afraid of making mistakes because they think it is not good.
F．So it is important to understand why you make mistakes and what to do with them.
G．Reflecting on your improvement can help you view mistakes positively in the future.
My, what a big beak you have!
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. ____31____ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. ____32____
All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. ____33____ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. ____34____ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.
____35____ That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
A．However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.
B．For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%.
C．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors.
D．It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to.
E．Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies.
F．Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat.
G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings.
Should Ecotourism Be Allowed
The image was shocking, and the response was entirely predictable. The photo of a polar bear lying lifeless on a beach — blood matting the fur of its neck, with one huge paw folded under its body — received immediate criticism globally. On the shore, in the background, stand three guards, talking to each other. One of them has a rifle hanging casually on his shoulder. ____36____ The reality, however, is considerably more complex.
This powerful image has thrown into question the motivation for this kind of tourism, or ecotourism. Should we be in these environments at all Are there regions in the world where nature should be left completely untouched Does our proximity (接近) to large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire for sensational images, lead to such animals becoming accustomed to human contact If that is the case, surely the losing side will end up paying the ultimate price for such proximity.
Before answering these questions, we should first consider the incident that has caught global attention. ____37____ I have recently returned from a trip to Svalbard, and indeed stood two weeks ago on the very beach where the bear was shot. The bear’s death should never have happened. Was the beach examined from the ship offshore beforehand Were the clients themselves closely supervised to prevent one becoming isolated Was there access to flares (照明弹) to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly These are standard measures for any respected operator. ____38____
Nevertheless, the incident should not negate the value of ecotourism. ___39___ This can be by making financial donations to conservation groups, providing income to local communities, or ensuring protection of certain areas or animals. In Svalbard, visitors become ambassadors for the endangered polar bear, increasing awareness of the fact that the far greater danger facing them is sea-ice melt in the Arctic Ocean.
Ecotourism is an expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges to the regions around the world in which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the answer. ____40____When ecotourism is conducted correctly, the benefits can be direct, immediate, positive and long-lasting.
A．For me, this has struck home (触及痛处、击中要害).
B．In its best form, this kind of travel has very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes place.
C．In doing so we are therefore assured of decreasing our impact on the delicate environment.
D．The incident is probably the result of a terrible systemic failure.
E．The feeling was that of complete disregard (漠视) for the bear and the environment in which it lived.
F．This is not something that is taken lightly.
G．The key is responsible engagement and further research before you book that trip.
In recent years the term “social distancing" has been at the center of public conversation. But it’s not “social” distance but physical separation that we are trying to promote. Preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health.
____41____ Modern technology has provided us with many tools. Not all tools promote social connection equally, however. And often such seemingly small choices can make a big difference between strengthening stronger social connections and giving in to growing social distance.
____42____ When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media. In one experiment, we tested whether the media through which people interact affect their sense of connection-and how expectations about certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use. Although voice-based interactions (such as phone calls) can produce stronger connections, text- based media (such as e-mails) are often preferred.
We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone. ____43____ They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than dashing off an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. Fears about awkwardness push individuals toward text-based methods for communicating.
____44____Then we followed up with them after they had done so. As expected, we found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. More importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when reconnecting on the phone. The human voice appears to provide benefits for connection.
Our work suggests that feelings of social connection are apparently facilitated by one’s voice rather than their keyboard.
____45____
A．So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.
B．We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.
C．Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.
D．When they interact on the phone, they find they are more connected than in real life.
E．Those modes of communication are perfect choices at the time of physical distancing.
F．Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance
G．Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___46___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___47___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___48___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___49___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___50___ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Website copywriting involves writing text and copy for websites. ____51____ Commercial websites may require standard sales-style copywriting, while informative or educational websites could require more structured material.
Almost all websites require some type of website copywriting. The material on a website is important not only to attract customers, but also to raise page ranks and create search engine traffic. This means that website copywriting can be somewhat different from regular writing because writers must write for two audiences.
Search engine optimization (SEO) can sometimes be important in website copywriting. SEO refers to the process of creating copy that is tailored toward catching the attention of popular search engines. ____52____.
An understanding of keywords and search engine behavior are important for SEO when writing copy for the web. ____53____ If those keywords are used properly and in the proper places within the article, more traffic will come to the website via a search engine, and the owner of the website could have the potential of making more money.
Website copywriters often have to have both a writing background and a marketing background. A person who is acting as a website copywriter for a site usually needs to be able to write active prose that inspires action. They also need to be able to drive traffic to the site, so that customers can see the products for sale.
Being able to write effective sales copy may also be essential for website copywriting. ____54____ Content has to be well written in order to accomplish its goal, and adherence to standard writing rules is often a prerequisite to a well-written article.
____55____ People browsing the web tend to read differently than people reading a book or a newspaper. So the content must capture their attention quickly and be relatively easy to read, which often involves writing prose that is easily readable. Headings, bullet points, and simple language are often preferred as a result.
A．The type of copy that is required varies depending on the type of website.
B．Online companies may offer informational articles about products and services.
C．Website copywriters have to be familiar with basic grammar, style, and structure rules.
D．Internet copywriting also involves the composition of short headlines or advertisements.
E．Theoretically, the higher the SEO, the higher the number of readers that will be directed to the website.
F．Website copy not only serves the overall function of the website, but needs to capture the attention of readers.
G．This means copy for a website may have to contain certain keywords that people search when looking for something.
Picture this: you’ve just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish, when a friend sends you a couple of celebrity videos on WeChat. ____56____ And then the next thing you know, an hour has gone by while that big report sits, ignored, on your desk. So how does that happen
To understand this, we conducted a series of studies with 6,445 people. Through this research, we identified three factors: the amount of media the person has already viewed, the similarity of the media they’ve viewed, and the manner in which they viewed the media.
We found the order and types of content we consume can affect our decision to keep consuming similar content. But what drives this effect ____57____ When something feels more accessible, it becomes easier to process, leading us to enjoy it more.
These results also explain why it’s so easy to get distracted by apps on social media at work. ____58____ They offer bite-sized content that makes it easy to quickly consume several videos in a row. They often automatically suggest similar content, and many of them even automatically start playing similar videos, reducing the potential for interruptions.
____59____ To fight the pull, make an effort to just watch one video. If you really want to watch multiple in a row, choose videos that seem unrelated. You can also use a social media timer that urges you to take a break after a certain amount of time, or even just consciously remind yourself to consume different kinds of content.
So, if you’re struggling to climb out of a rabbit hole, try to find ways to reduce the similarity, repetitiveness, and relatedness of the content you’re consuming. ____60____ Once you manage to break free, you’ll be back at that big report in no time.
A．It can be difficult, but it’s not impossible.
B．You figure you’ll just take a few minutes to watch them.
C．Accessibility refers to how familiar a given kind of content feels.
D．These platforms are designed to trap viewers in a social media rabbit hole.
E．Prior research suggests that the three factors all increase the accessibility of similar media.
F．The good news is, a better understanding of the problem can give us the tools to escape it.
G．This will become a problem if it keeps you from doing the things you actually want to be doing.
Every year thousands of people converge(汇集) on the city of Pamplona, in north-eastern Spain, for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town.
____61____ But the event is of interest to more than just adrenaline junkies and animal-rights activists. A paper just published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds.
That is a useful topic to explore. Architects,civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire,a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly crushes. ____62____ Ethics-review boards, after all,are likely to frown on researchers putting volunteers into deadly danger simply to study how they might behave.But Daniel Parisi,a physicist and computer scientist at the Technical Institute of Buenos Aires,and the paper's lead author, realised that the Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment
Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019,and recorded footage of the runners as the animals were released. ____63____ The researchers brought their recordings back to the lab to calculate the velocities(速度)of the runners, the density of the crowd and the probability of a runner tripping and falling.They also examined the trajectories of the bulls,the responses of individual runners as bulls came near to them,and the relationship between runner-group density and velocity.
____64____ Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd. At the crowd's maximum speed of around four metres per second,density reached roughly one pedestrian per square metre.This finding is at odds with a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up,in order to lower the risk of a collision,which could lead to a fall and,perhaps,injury or death as a runner is trampled by others.Dr Parisi's data suggests that groups of fast,crowded runners are indeed at risk:of 20 people who fell,all did so within a fast-moving,dense group. Most(14 of the 20) involved two or more people,with one person tripping another.
Yet it seems that, in the heat of the moment, people pay little heed to the danger of colliding with each other, and do not slow down. The duty therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future alleys, tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. ____65____.
A．Unfortunately,solid information is hard to come by.
B．The only option may well be to make them wider.
C．Goring(顶伤)is much less common but potentially life threatening.
D．A wave of people running at top speed raced past their cameras a few seconds ahead of the bulls.
E．There are dozens of injuries every year,and there have been at least 15 deaths recorded since 1910.
F．Perhaps unsurprisingly,the researchers found that runners sped up when the bulls drew near.
G．A set of wooden fences is erected to direct the bulls along the route and to block off side streets.
When we feel exhausted, our brains want to save mental energy by directing our focus to the most readily available, recallable information to help us make decisions quickly. We often do the thing that feels right, or rush to judgment without proper consideration. ___66___ It’s the reason why if you speak Spanish, it’s much easier to learn Italian than Japanese. It’s also why many people think two single dollar bills are more valuable than a single two-dollar bill.
___67___ Or, we are willing to move toward things that make us feel good and away from things that make us feel uncomfortable.
Yet, we know hard actions can bring benefits -ones that may not be visible for some time. ___68___ Maybe we do this because we have an insight or a requirement from doctor. When we go for that initial run, it doesn’t feel good. Neither does the run after that. Our muscles hurt. The money we’ve spent on the new hobby causes friction in our household. It continues to signal the reasons we should go back to the way it was before.
So, how do we do hard things when our brains are constantly telling us to avoid effort
___69___ A 2016 study found that when people are upset, they’ re less likely to try to do hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, they’re more likely to take on the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better.
Give our brains the right amount of autonomy. When we have a choice, our brains often want something easy. ___70___
Doing things that feel uncomfortable and liking hard work can seem counterintuitive (反直觉的). But by understanding what’s going on in your brain, instead of depending on your first feeling, you can work toward completing hard things and manage your fears better.
A．Think about starting a new exercise routine.
B．Tackle hard things when we’re in a good mood.
C．Accomplish hard things by having the supports of others.
D．The result is that many of us tend to do what simply feels right.
E．The brain does this because it’s much easier to process existing ideas than new ones.
F．But there are still some people keeping with it to the end regardless of these difficulties.
G．But we can reduce that response by challenging ourselves to be innovative and provide motives.
Usually when someone is disgusted by something, he feels it is unpleasant and stays away from it, so disgust mostly protects people from getting sick. However, getting a little dirty can have its advantages. Studies show that kids under age one who physically interact with a dog will have a 13% reduction in the likelihood of developing asthma, a breathing problem.
In the late 1860s, Charles Darwin proposed that being disgusted could have a developmental purpose. ____71____ He guessed that the early humans most likely to feel disgusted survived to pass on their genes (基因), while the more nutritionally daring died off.
____72____ It wasn’t until the early 1990s, a time when gameshows eagerly slimed contestants, that disgust got more attention in psychological and behavioral research. Since then, scientists have identified different types of disgust and have explored how they affect the way we behave.
The research shows that Darwin was basically right: disgust is a major part of the behavioral immune system that protects people from disease, a collection of actions influenced by some of the most natural reactions that keep our bodies in superior condition. We already know that not all germs (病菌) are bad for us. ____73____ Science also tells us that getting a bit dirty helps people more readily fight disease.
“Disgust is associated with fewer infections, so it is a helpful emotion in disease-relevant contexts,” says Joshua Ackerman, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. However, he says it can be a double-edged sword. ____74____ And some of those things could actually improve our health.
____75____ Disgust is part of society’s balance. Too little, and we might get sick. Too much of it can harm our health. Figuring out this complex problem could help researchers understand a variety of human behaviors.
A．They work with our body to maintain a balance.
B．They were quite certain that being disgusted could benefit people.
C．Nobody is quite sure whether disgust is a positive or negative thing.
D．For many years afterward, though, scientists didn’t pay much attention to disgust.
E．What he means is that it’s also associated with dislike for unfamiliar things, like food.
F．Disgust became advanced to prevent our ancestors from eating spoiled food that might kill them.
G．Researchers across fields continue to explore disgust so we can better understand our world and ourselves.
Time management is all about making the most effective use of your time and working smarter. It requires planning, and then sticking to the plan — and that takes discipline (自律). ___76___
It’s important that you know what your short-term and long-term goals are — this will enable you to differentiate between what’s important and what’s not. ___77___ It's only when you know where you want to go and what you want to achieve that you can figure out exactly what needs to be done, and in what order.
Some people have the habit of putting off doing things. ___78___It’s important to look at the causes of your postponement — is it because you re waiting for the right time or mood, or have just developed a very bad habit The only way to break a habit is to consistently act in other ways — so stop putting things off and just do it.
___79___ They can increase your productivity by 20 per cent, help to clear your mind, and save you energy and stress. Start your day by spending five to ten minutes planning your activities for the day — or, better still, prepare your list the evening before.
Write out your tasks to-do either on paper or on your computer. Focus on one task at a time. As you complete your tasks, cross them off. ___80___
Learning how to squeeze more into your day, and knowing how to make the most of your time is essential to your career and life balance.
A．It can give you a very satisfying feeling.
B．You need to be energetic in the activities.
C．It is a good method for you to make to-do lists.
D．You’d better figure out your strengths in your mind.
E．Here are some tips which can help you maximise your time.
F．For them, this bad behavior may be a major barrier to their success.
G．Once you have clear goals, you can prepare a series of actions to achieve them.
The music is on. The figure skater glides, jumps and spins. One turn, two turns, three turns. ___81___
Why People often feel dizzy and lose balance after spinning around. ___82___ The eyes reach their limit before our head finishes a full turn, so they turn back to a new starting point, said Scientific American. When our eyes repeat this, we get dizzy.
Figure skaters don’t have any super power. ___83___ Their secret is lots and lots of practice, according to Science Focus magazine. As they train more, their brains get used to the feeling.
___84___ One method is called “opposing eye movement”. It’s like the eye movement when we watch a moving train pass in front of us while our heads stay still. Skaters can train themselves to engage this eye movement when they spin. Scientific American said this can offset the dizzy feeling.
___85___ We feel dizzier when our brain feels changes in speed. Skaters can also pick one spot to stare at as they stop turning. “Some skaters will design a dance move at the end of a long spin.” said Science Focus. This provides a little break while the dizziness passes.
A．No pain, no gain.
B．They get dizzy, too.
C．Their movements are so smooth and graceful.
D．Other methods include keeping a uniform speed.
E．Skaters also have methods to help them feel less dizzy.
F．It seems they never get dizzy no matter how many times they spin.
G．This is because when we move our head during a spin, our eyes start to move in the opposite direction.
How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your lucky choices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things had gone a different way
____86____It is the birthplace of emotions such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative outcome to what has actually happened in one’s life holds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads to unhappiness. It is therefore not surprising that it has become a hot topic of research in social psychology.
Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster.____87____ The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned. And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful” to describe their feelings.
____88____ If the person had really been lucky, wouldn’t they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的). ____89____ That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives.
Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are. ____90____ Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action.
A．At first glance, this response does not make much sense.
B．This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking.
C．Even though it sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good.
D．The imagination of a life has been the inspiration for dozens of movies.
E．News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives.
F．The more important the event is, the more intense our counterfactual thinking about it will be.
G．The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse.
The iPod Generation
Today it is common to see people who walk about with colored wires hanging from their ears wherever they go. They move about in their personal bubbles, sometimes unaware of what’s happening around them.___91___. Outside life is shut out. So are you one of “them”
For me, walking around in my own personal bubble is perfect. ___92___ . What’s even better, wearing earphones seems to give a signal to people which says, “I’m not available for chatting at the moment!”
Suppose you’re at work and about to make an incredible breakthrough, but a colleague suddenly turns up. His sudden appearance would break your concentration and cause mistakes. ___93___. Once again, those wires hanging from your ears would be sure to give that “Go away!” signal.
___94___. It’s probably part of the growing up stage when they just want to ignore their whole family. While their mothers give them lectures about why they should do their homework, they can just turn up the volume on their MP3 player, smile, and say “Yes, Mum.” Problem solved.
Pretty soon, not only will we have pretty colored wires hanging from our ears, but also our brains will be directly plugged into some new high-tech instruments. We’ll be in a virtual world, communicating with everyone else, or choosing not to, as we like. ___95___. And they are changing our social habits along the way.
In the end, there is a thin line between using technology as a tool for making life better and being a slave to it! It’s so strange — suddenly, I don’t feel like wearing my earphones anymore.
A．Our instruments are changing quickly.
B．I don’t have to deal with the noise from the environment.
C．In the home situation, teenagers love these wires.
D．I also have wires hanging from my ears.
E．After all, I am listening to my favourite music and would rather not be disturbed.
F．Listening to music through earphones is the perfect way to ignore such interruptions (中断).
G．They walk around in their own spaces, with their personal “digital noise reduction systems”.
As a parent, you must have a lot of concerns about the various skills you would like your child to get. Music is one of them. ____96____ On the other hand, it is great for a child’s overall development if he or she has an interest in learning music.
____97____ The concentration helps them with their grades. Their learning and communication skills will be better than others of their own age. They also develop lots of confidence and self-esteem.
Another advantage of your child to learn music becomes apparent only at a later stage. ____98____ It can be very beneficial and many top musicians have a very early exposure to music and connect this with their later success.
You can start when your child is only a baby, by exposing him or her to a wide range of music at home. ____99____ And you could sustain your child’s interest by having both of you singing together.
Some parents start their children on a musical instrument(乐器) as early as 3 years of age. This is great if the child is having a good time, especially when a child’s brain has a wonderful capacity for mastering new skills. It goes without saying that you should not have to drag your child to lessons. You can be assured that nothing productive will come out of it. ____100____
If you start your child on music lessons by the age of 5, taking care to encourage him or her and not to push him or her, your child will grow up into an accomplished adult with a well-rounded personality.
A．It can have good effects on your child.
B．This is selecting music as a career.
C．And your child will have a lifelong dislike of music.
D．Otherwise, you’ll completely spoil your child’s future.
E．You could ensure that there is a song or tune played in the background.
F．One of the advantages of teaching children to play a musical instrument is to make them more concentrated.
G．On the one hand, you can encourage your child’s creativity and natural hobby.
参考答案：
1．G 2．B 3．C 4．E 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了烹饪的好处。烹饪不只是教会小孩基本的技能，它能激发小孩的创作性，鼓励小孩学会批判性思考并且学会互相合作。
1．根据前文“The truth is that it’s much more than that.(事实是远不止如此。)”以及后文“It invites kids to make connections to the broader world by asking, “Where does our food come from ” and “What is the history of this recipe ”(它使得孩子们通过问“我们的食物从哪里来？”和“这个食谱的历史是什么？”来与更广阔的世界建立联系。)”以及后文的“It encourages kids to work with others.(它鼓励孩子与他人一起工作。)”可知，烹饪能教会孩子们许多技能，让小孩们了解食物的来源、历史，并鼓励孩子们相互合作。选项G“It’s a way to teach kids vital skills, such as critical thinking, creativity and cooperation.( 这是一种教孩子们诸如如批判性思维、创造力和合作等重要技能的方式。)”承上启下，符合语意。故选G项。
2．根据后文“It is a perfect opportunity for them to learn that oil and water don’t usually mix.(这是他们了解油和水通常不相溶的绝佳机会。)”可知，通过烹饪孩子们还可以了解一些科学常识，比如油和水不相溶。选项B“烹饪也将科学概念带入生活”符合语境，选项中的“science concepts”对应下文的“oil and water don’t usually mix”，下文内容是众多“science concepts”中的一个。故选B项。
3．根据前文“Recipe failures matter as much as the successes.(食谱的失败和成功一样重要。)”以及后文的“When Helen, 11, took her cake out of the oven, she was disappointed to find that it was flat as a board. I told her about how, as a preteen, I accidentally made cookies with garlic powder instead of powdered ginger. Then we worked together to figure out what had gone wrong with her cake. (当11岁的海伦从烤箱里拿出她的蛋糕时，她失望地发现蛋糕竟然是平的。我告诉她，在我十一岁前，我不小心用大蒜粉而不是姜粉做了饼干。然后我们一起找出她的蛋糕出了什么问题。)”可知，烹饪时食谱的失败对小孩的成长很重要。由选项后的内容可知，小孩经历失败会失望，但这也会激励他们找出问题。选项C“在某些方面，他们帮助孩子们发展韧性”符合语境，选项中的“they”指的是前文的“Recipe failures”，选项中的“help kids develop resilience”对应后文的案例内容。故选C项。
4．根据后文“It encourages kids to work with others. It also encourages them to be open to foods they otherwise might not have tried.(它鼓励孩子和别人一起工作。这也鼓励他们对原本可能没有尝试过的食物持开放态度。)”可知，烹饪能激发小孩的合作精神以及鼓励他们对没有尝过的食物持开放态度，因此烹饪有助于培养孩子们的秉性。E项“Beyond the practical skills, cooking builds character.(除了实用技能，烹饪还能塑造性格。)”符合语意。故选E项。
5．根据前文的“Of course, the best part of cooking with kids isn’t the basic skills.(当然，和孩子一起做饭的最好部分不是基本技能。)”以及后文的“We both felt excited despite the mess that accompanied that experience.(尽管那次经历伴随着混乱，但我们都感到兴奋。)”可知，和小孩一起烹饪最重要不是学基本技能，更重要的是一起去经历这个过程，这是个美好的回忆。故选项D“It’s the memories you make together in the kitchen.(最重要的是你们在厨房共同创造的回忆。)”是上文的进一步解释，同时引出下文内容，符合语意。故选D项。
6．C 7．E 8．F 9．B 10．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在野外所需要的一些必需品。
6．空前说“In the wild, it all depends on you with your survival knowledge and equipment to life.(在野外，一切都取决于你的生存知识和装备。)”，空后说“You must be familiar with the use of equipment.(你必须熟悉装备的使用。)”，因此空格处应讲装备的好处或重要性，C选项“Good equipment can let you have a more comfortable experience.(好的装备可以让你拥有更舒适的体验。)”说明了装备的重要性，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
7．空前说“The use of the compass is the most effective. Some people may say GPS is very popular now.(使用指南针是最有效的。有些人可能会说GPS现在很流行。)”，空后说“In cold, hot, wet and other bad conditions, such as about 10 degrees below zero in the northeast, GPS uses 30% more electricity than room temperature.(在寒冷、炎热、潮湿等恶劣条件下，比如东北地区零下10度左右，GPS的用电量比室温下多30%。)”，因此前后是转折关系，空格处应说像GPS这样的高科技的缺点，E选项“However, the more complex things are, the more likely they are to go wrong.(然而，越复杂的东西，出错的可能性就越大。)”中的However表转折，说明了高科技的东西也有缺点，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
8．空后说“The ordinary plastic lighters sold on the street are actually good, light weight and easy to use.(街上卖的普通塑料打火机其实很好，重量轻，使用方便。)”，因此空格处应引出打火机这个装备，F选项“In order to let you enjoy better treatment in the wild, you have to take a lighter.(为了让你在野外享受更好的待遇，你得带打火机。)”引出了打火机，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
9．空格处是本段的主题句，根据空后的“At least it is about 1.5 meters long and 30-50 cm wide. Putting a scarf around your neck can prevent sunburn by sunshine, can make it a simple sun hat, marching in bright light or desert.(它至少有1.5米长，30-50厘米宽。把围巾围在脖子上可以防止被阳光晒伤，可以把它做成一顶简单的太阳帽，在强光下或沙漠中行进。)”，说明本段主要介绍的装备是至少有1.5米长，30-50厘米宽围巾，B选项“The survival scarf in the wild is our essential survival tool.(野外生存巾是我们必不可少的生存工具。)”引出了野外生存巾，符合语境，故选B。
10．空前说“The raincoat doesn’t just protect you from the rain.(雨衣不仅能保护你不受雨淋。)”，空格处应讲雨衣还能做什么，G选项“It can also be used as tents and waterproof mats to keep you warm and get water for you.(它也可以用作帐篷和防水垫，为你保暖和取水。)”说明了雨衣除了遮雨以外的功能，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
11．E 12．G 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了人们都认为有很多钱就能解决我们所有的问题，所以将金钱作为追寻的宝藏。但作者认为真正的宝藏是内心的爱。
11．根据上文“The television this morning was displaying some new adventure movie about the hunt for a treasure ship full of gold.(今天早上电视播放了一些新的冒险电影，是关于寻找装满金子的宝船的)”以及下文“Most of main characters have the dream of becoming an overnight millionaire. (大多数主角都梦想一夜成为百万富翁)”可知，本句应承上启下，说明这部电影带给作者的感受：让我想起了这么多年来我看过的所有其他电影。故E选项“它让我想起了这么多年来我看过的所有其他电影”符合语境，故选E。
12．根据上文“Where did this desire for treasure come from I know I myself am guilty of it. As a boy I would walk in the woods and daydream of finding buried treasure there. Then as an adult I would fantasize about some unknown relative leaving me a fortune or of my two self-published books becoming best sellers.(这种寻宝的欲望从何而来？我知道我自己也有罪。小时候，我常在树林里散步，幻想着在那里找到埋藏的宝藏。成年后，我会幻想某个不知名的亲戚给我留下一笔财富，或者我自己出版的两本书成为畅销书)”以及后文“However, when I see all the rich and famous people on television I can see that they aren’t that happy and that they have their own unique set of problems.(然而，当我在电视上看到所有的富人和名人时，我可以看到他们并不那么快乐，他们有自己独特的问题)”可知，后文提到富人和名人也有自己的问题，说明钱并不能解决所有问题，本句与后文构成转折，故G选项“也许我们都认为有很多钱就能解决我们所有的问题”符合语境，故选G。
13．根据后文“There really is a true treasure out there that will make our lives so much better and the most amazing thing of all is this treasure is absolutely free. This treasure is love.(真的有一个真正的宝藏在那里，它会让我们的生活变得更好，最令人惊讶的是，这个宝藏是绝对免费的。这个宝藏就是爱)”可知，后文提到了真正的宝藏是爱，说明上文提到的将金钱作为宝藏是错误的，故D选项“也许真正的问题是我们都在寻找错误的宝藏”符合语境，故选D。
14．根据上文“There is so much love around us and when we invite the love into our hearts and lives we become rich, our days are filled with smiles, and our lives are full of joy. When we have love inside us, the problems of this life lose their power over us.(我们周围有太多的爱，当我们邀请爱进入我们的心和生活，我们变得丰富，我们的日子充满了微笑，我们的生活充满了欢乐。当我们心中有爱时，生活中的问题就会失去对我们的影响)”可知，上文提到生活中存在问题，即并不完美，但爱可以让人很幸福。故A选项“虽然我们的生活可能不完美，但我们很幸福”符合语境，故选A。
15．根据上文“Then how shall we look for treasure The true treasure of life is already inside of you.(那我们怎么找宝藏呢？真正的生命宝藏已经在你体内)”以及后文“And the funny thing is that the more you share it with others, the more of it you have within yourself.(有趣的是，你和别人分享的越多，你自己也会拥有越多)”可知，上文提到生命宝藏已经存在体内，后文提到和别人分享，即要打开心扉和他人共享宝藏。故B选项“你只需要打开心扉，疯狂地分享它”符合语境，故选B。
16．E 17．F 18．D 19．B 20．G
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了在科学领域，很多突破源于幸运的意外，有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃，最后作者得出结论：只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时，才有可能实现改变世界的科学突破。
16．根据第一段“What does it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs Some are the result of a lucky accident, combined with curiosity. (怎样才能实现改变世界的科学突破 有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果)”，结合空格后句子“ One day, usually early in their career, they get an idea they can’t stop thinking about. It’s crazy, they say to themselves, but is it really impossible They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons their idea might not work, and how damaging this could be for their career. (有一天，通常在他们职业生涯的早期，他们会有一个想法，他们无法停止思考。他们对自己说，这太疯狂了，但这真的不可能吗？他们与受人尊敬的同事交谈，这些同事经常提醒他们，他们的想法可能行不通的所有原因，以及这对他们的职业生涯有多大的危害)”可知，空格处提出的应该是实现改变世界的科学突破需要的另一样东西，科学家对对特定想法的追求。由此可知，E选项（其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求）符合题意，第一段中的some和选项中的other前后照应。故选E。
17．根据空格前的句子“Yet, the idea won’t die and they are determined to travel that road — a road that may well lead nowhere. (然而，这个想法不会消亡，他们决心走这条路——这条路很可能一无所获)”可知，空格处在继续论述他们不放弃走这条路的另一种结果。由此可知，F选项（但有时这条路会带来重大突破，如X光和疫苗）符合题意，选项中的the road和前句中的road属于同词复现。故选F。
18．根据空格前的句子“By bringing their dreams to life, they were rewarded with fame and wealth and something even more valuable. (通过实现梦想，他们获得了名利和更宝贵的东西)”可知，空格处继续说明实现他们的梦想带来的好处。由此可知，D选项（正因为他们，全世界数百万人从未生病或死亡）符合题意，选项中的them指代是前文提到的为实现梦想而努力的科学家们。故选D。
19．根据空格前一句“Of course, the obsession (执念) with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists. (当然，对许多科学家来说，痴迷于一个不太可能的梦并没有得到回报)”和下两句“Nature doesn’t turn out to operate the way they predicted. In the end, their beautiful theory is murdered by brutal facts.(事实证明，大自然并不像他们预测的那样运作。最终，他们美丽的理论被残酷的事实所扼杀)”可知，空格处继续说明痴迷于一个不太可能的梦不能达到回报。由此可知，B选项（他们的想法虽然很聪明，但最终被证明是错误的）符合题意。故选B。
20．根据空格前一句“Ultimately, scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers, recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs. (归根结底，只有当一个社会愿意投资于梦想家，并认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时，科学突破才有可能实现)”和下一句“More importantly, the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world.(更重要的是，投资可以防止痛苦和死亡，并改变世界)”可知，空格处提到的应该是投资带来的好处。由此可知，G选项（然而，导致突破的投资带来了更大的经济回报）符合题意，选项中the investments在前后文都有提到，属于同词复现。故选G。
21．G 22．F 23．D 24．E 25．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了圆珠笔的发明历史。
21．上文“Before the ballpoint pen, people used fountain pens. These old-fashioned pens had to be refilled often, and they leaked and easily made paper dirty.(在圆珠笔出现之前，人们使用自来水笔。 这些老式钢笔需要经常重新填充，而且漏水，很容易弄脏纸张。)”提到了老式钢笔的不便利性，G选项中inconveniences是关键词，与上文提到的老式钢笔的不便利相呼应，所以G选项“由于Bíró每天大部分时间都在写作，他对这些不便太熟悉了。”符合语境。故选G项。
22．上文“A boy rolled a marble through a puddle, creating a line of water on the street and giving Bíró the idea for the ballpoint design.(一个男孩把一个大理石滚过水坑，在街上形成了一条水线，给Bíró提供了圆珠笔设计的灵感。)”提到了圆珠笔设计灵感的来源，F选项中However是关键词，与上文是转折关系，所以F选项“然而，真正的突破出现在当Bíró得到他的科学家兄弟的帮助时侯。”符合语境，且引起下文，下文的he就指代F选项中的his brother。故选F项。
23．下文“Instead, American businessman Milton Reynolds was the man responsible for that. After seeing the pens in Argentina, he changed the design just enough to sell them as his own.(相反，美国商人米尔顿·雷诺兹(Milton Reynolds)是罪魁祸首。 在阿根廷看到这些笔后，他改变了设计，只是为了把它们当作自己的产品来销售。)”提到了罪魁祸首，D选项中Unfortunately是关键词，与下文是顺承关系，所以D选项“不幸的是，Bíró没能把他的发明传播到世界各地。”引起下文内容，符合语境。故选D项。
24．下文“Ballpoint pens can be less comfortable to write with because more pressure must be applied when writing with them. In addition, it doesn’t feel natural to join letters together because of the way the ink flows. Some say these factors contributed to the decline of cursive writing(使用圆珠笔写字可能不太舒服，因为使用圆珠笔写字时必须施加更大的压力。 此外，由于墨水流动的方式，把字母连在一起感觉不自然。 有人说这些因素导致了草书的衰落)”中提到了写字方式的改变，E选项中，change是关键词，与下文是顺承关系，所以E选项“虽然圆珠笔很方便，但它们改变了人们写字的方式。”能引起下文，符合语境。故选E项。
25．下文“Who would have thought that this amazing invention was inspired by something as simple as children playing with marbles (谁能想到这个惊人的发明是受到孩子们玩弹珠这么简单的启发 )”提到了这是一个简单的发明，且用问句的形式表明一种惊讶状态，B选项中essential是关键词，与下文simple呼应，所以B选项“圆珠笔已经成为我们日常生活中必不可少的工具。”符合语境。故选B项。
26．F 27．C 28．A 29．E 30．B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么人会犯错误以及如何处理这些错误。
26．根据上文“Whether mistakes are beneficial or harmful depends on how much you know about them. (错误是有益还是有害取决于你对它们的了解程度。)”可知，上文告诉我们错误是有益还是有害取决于你对它们的了解程度，F项意为“因此，了解自己为什么会犯错误以及如何处理这些错误是很重要的。”选项与上文为因果关系，因为错误是有益还是有害取决于你对它们的了解程度，所以，了解自己为什么会犯错误以及如何处理这些错误是很重要的，且能引起下文，文章第二段介绍了人类犯错误的原因。故选F。
27．根据下文“This is because, by having confidence, you can think that nothing bad can happen to you, but it turns out that it is not true. (这是因为，通过自信，你可能会认为没有什么坏事会发生在你身上，但事实证明那不是真的。)”可知，下文告诉我们过度自信是我们犯错误的原因之一，C项意为“过度自信也会导致我们犯许多错误。”选项能够引起下文，下文解释了为什么过度自信会导致我们犯错误。故选C。
28．根据上文“What do I do when I make a mistake (当我犯错误时该怎么办？)”和下文“You must ask yourself: Why did l make this decision Why was it not the correct decision (你必须问自己：我为什么做出这个决定？为什么这不是一个正确的决定？)”可知，本段内容介绍了当我们犯错误时该怎么办，A项意为“首先要做的是反思。”选项能够承接上文，当我们犯错误时，首先要做的是反思，且能引起下文，下文介绍了我们应该如何反思，列举了我们必须问自己的一些问题。故选A。
29．根据下文“Some do not even allow themselves to be wrong because they want to be perfect. (有些人甚至不允许自己犯错，因为他们想变得完美。)”可知，本段内容介绍了一些人不允许自己犯错误的现象，E项意为“大多数人害怕犯错误，因为他们认为犯错误不好。”选项能够引起下文，大多数人害怕犯错误，有些人甚至不允许自己犯错，这些都是对待错误的不正确的态度。故选E。
30．根据下文“What is now an unwanted result, in the future may become what helps you to achieve it, because it makes you worry, get back to work, expand the information you had and develop new skills to deal with the situation. (现在是一个不想要的结果，在未来可能会成为帮助你实现目标的东西，因为错误让你担心，重新开始工作，扩展你拥有的信息，并开发新的技能来应对这种情况。)”可知，本段内容告诉我们今天犯的错误有助于你今后做得更好，B项意为“今天的错误有助于你明天做好。”选项能够概括段落主旨，下文解释了为什么今天的错误有助于你明天做得更好。故选B。
31．C 32．G 33．F 34．A 35．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。
31．根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。
32．空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。
33．根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions. (“艾伦法则”是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。
34．根据下文“The team combined data from different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。
35．根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。
36．E 37．A 38．D 39．B 40．G
【导语】本文是一
It’s been said that good cooking is an art form. The truth is that it’s much more than that.
____1____ It invites kids to make connections to the broader world by asking, “Where does our food come from ” and “What is the history of this recipe ” It allows them to apply what they are learning in school in a new context. They also test the math skills of young chefs. Measuring ingredients(原料)are frequent tasks in cooking or baking. ____2____ It is a perfect opportunity for them to learn that oil and water don’t usually mix.
Recipe failures matter as much as the successes. ____3____ When Helen, 11, took her cake out of the oven, she was disappointed to find that it was flat as a board. I told her about how, as a preteen, I accidentally made cookies with garlic powder instead of powdered ginger. Then we worked together to figure out what had gone wrong with her cake.
____4____ It encourages kids to work with others. It also encourages them to be open to foods they otherwise might not have tried. Jad, 11, had never eaten quinoa(藜麦)before testing a recipe for quinoa with herbs. His parents reported that he was so excited about this new ingredient that he cooked it for his family the next night.
Of course, the best part of cooking with kids isn’t the basic skills. ____5____ This year, Olive and I have already done a lot of holiday baking, including our favorite chocolate-chip cookies. We both felt excited despite the mess that accompanied that experience.
A．It is patience that really matters.
B．Cooking also brings science concepts to life.
C．In some ways, they help kids develop resilience.
D．It’s the memories you make together in the kitchen.
E．Beyond the practical skills, cooking builds character.
F．When using oil or fat for cooking, use as little as possible.
G．It’s a way to teach kids vital skills, such as critical thinking, creativity and cooperation.
In the wild, it all depends on you with your survival knowledge and equipment to life. ____6____ You must be familiar with the use of equipment. The weight of the equipment should be no more than 20kg. Here are some necessities that are advised to take.
You’d better take a compass. It is not heavy. It is entitled to a place in your equipment. The use of the compass is the most effective. Some people may say GPS is very popular now. ____7____ In cold, hot, wet and other bad conditions, such as about 10 degrees below zero in the northeast, GPS uses 30% more electricity than room temperature.
Besides that, I will talk about the role of fire. Fire plays an important role not only in cooking food, but also in helping us resist the cold. ____8____ The ordinary plastic lighters sold on the street are actually good, light weight and easy to use.
____9____ At least it is about 1.5 meters long and 30 — 50 cm wide. Putting a scarf around your neck can prevent sunburn by sunshine, can make it a simple sun hat, marching in bright light or desert. You can also make nets and catch fish and shrimp, birds and insects in the wild.
No matter how high-end your outdoor clothing is, you still need to take a raincoat. Choosing a suitable raincoat is very important. The separation kind of raincoat is more convenient. The raincoat doesn’t just protect you from the rain. ____10____
If the survival of the wild is compared to a building, then the strong will is the foundation, the survival knowledge is the wall, the proper training is the roof, the equipment is just to make you live in more comfortable decoration.
A．First, one better option is to take GPS.
B．The survival scarf in the wild is our essential survival tool.
C．Good equipment can let you have a more comfortable experience.
D．Bicycle raincoat can cover your bag but you can’t stretch out your hand.
E．However, the more complex things are, the more likely they are to go wrong.
F．In order to let you enjoy better treatment in the wild, you have to take a lighter.
G．It can also be used as tents and waterproof mats to keep you warm and get water for you.
The television this morning was displaying some new adventure movie about the hunt for a treasure ship full of gold. ___11___ Most of main characters have the dream of becoming an overnight millionaire. Later in the day I was at the gas station in line to pay for a filling up my car when the guy in front of me traded a handful of cash for a handful of hope in the form of Lotto tickets.
Where did this desire for treasure come from I know I myself am guilty of it. As a boy I would walk in the woods and daydream of finding buried treasure there. Then as an adult I would fantasize about some unknown relative leaving me a fortune or of my two self-published books becoming best sellers. ___12___ However, when I see all the rich and famous people on television I can see that they aren’t that happy and that they have their own unique set of problems.
___13___ There really is a true treasure out there that will make our lives so much better and the most amazing thing of all is this treasure is absolutely free. This treasure is love. There is so much love around us and when we invite the love into our hearts and lives we become rich, our days are filled with smiles, and our lives are full of joy. When we have love inside us, the problems of this life lose their power over us. ___14___
Then how shall we look for treasure The true treasure of life is already inside of you. ___15___ And the funny thing is that the more you share it with others, the more of it you have within yourself. Embrace love for you then. Share it with the world. It is a treasure that does not decay or disappear. It is a treasure that lasts forever.
A．While our lives may not be perfect, we are happy.
B．You just need to open the chest and spend it like crazy.
C．It doesn’t necessarily mean we need to dig holes to find treasure.
D．Maybe the real problem is that we are all looking for the wrong treasure.
E．It reminded me of all the other movies just like it I had seen over the years.
F．Treasure is usually defined as gathered wealth in the form of money or jewels.
G．Perhaps we all just think that having a lot of money will solve all of our problems.
In science, advances are a daily occurrence, but true breakthroughs are rare. What does it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs Some are the result of a lucky accident, combined with curiosity. Scientists traveling down one road suddenly find reason to switch to another road, one they never planned to travel — a road that may well lead nowhere.
___16___ One day, usually early in their career, they get an idea they can’t stop thinking about. It’s crazy, they say to themselves, but is it really impossible They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons their idea might not work, and how damaging this could be for their career. Yet, the idea won’t die and they are determined to travel that road — a road that may well lead nowhere. ___17___
Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel, they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, who discovered penicillin due to lucky accidents and curiosity, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó, who made all mRNA vaccines possible with 20 years of persistence and resilience. By bringing their dreams to life, they were rewarded with fame and wealth and something even more valuable. ___18___
Of course, the obsession (执念) with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists. ___19___ Nature doesn’t turn out to operate the way they predicted. In the end, their beautiful theory is murdered by brutal facts. For those dreamers on the right track, they would have achieved their dream — if only they had done the experiment a little differently, if only they had persisted a little longer, or if only the support for their work had not run out.
Ultimately, scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers, recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs. ___20___ More importantly, the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world.
A．Some scientists are addicted to their crazy ideas.
B．Their ideas, though brilliant, in the end are proved wrong.
C．But they refuse to give in and struggle to find more financial support.
D．Because of them, millions of people around the world never got sick or died.
E．Other major breakthroughs originate from scientists pursuing a specific idea.
F．But sometimes the road leads to major breakthroughs like X-ray and vaccines.
G．However, the investments leading to breakthroughs bring a greater economic return.
Putting Pen to Paper: The History of Ballpoint Pens
Ballpoint pens may not seem like anything special, but they’ve made our lives more convenient than you might realize. The story behind their invention may also surprise you.
László Bíró, a Hungarian journalist, is said to have invented the ballpoint pen in 1938. Before the ballpoint pen, people used fountain pens. These old-fashioned pens had to be refilled often, and they leaked and easily made paper dirty. ____21____
Many inventors had tried to design similar types of pens before Bíró, but none had succeeded. Bíró’s ballpoint pen design used a small ball instead of a nib（钢笔尖）. When the ball is pressed onto paper, it rolls to pick up ink inside the pen and transfer it onto paper. The inspiration for this design came from an unexpected source. One day, Bíró happened to see children playing with marbles（弹珠游戏）. A boy rolled a marble through a puddle, creating a line of water on the street and giving Bíró the idea for the ballpoint design. ____22____. He developed a thick, fast-drying ink for Bíró’s pen.
Bíró began selling his pen in Argentina, where he and his brother had fled to during World War Ⅱ. His biggest customer was UK’s Royal Air Force, which ordered 30,000 pens to allow its crews to write more easily while in the air. ____23____ Instead, American businessman Milton Reynolds was the man responsible for that. After seeing the pens in Argentina, he changed the design just enough to sell them as his own. Though expensive, the pens were a big hit with American customers in the 1940s.
Eventually, mass production made plastic ballpoint pens more affordable, and soon they were a household necessity. ____24____ Ballpoint pens can be less comfortable to write with because more pressure must be applied when writing with them. In addition, it doesn’t feel natural to join letters together because of the way the ink flows. Some say these factors contributed to the decline of cursive writing（草书）.
____25____ Who would have thought that this amazing invention was inspired by something as simple as children playing with marbles
A．For this reason, ballpoint pens last for ages.
B．Ballpoint pens have become an essential tool in our everyday lives.
C．These pens are particularly popular because they are easy to write with.
D．Unfortunately, Bíró wasn’t able to spread his invention around the world.
E．Although ballpoint pens were convenient, they changed the way that people write.
F．However, the real breakthrough came when Bíró got help from his brother, who was a scientist.
G．Since Bíró spent much of his day writing, he was all too familiar with these inconveniences.
What is a mistake A mistake is something wrong. It can be an action, a concept (概念), or a thing that was not done correctly. It can leave you feeling negative and unsuccessful. However, research shows that making mistakes is beneficial to you. Whether mistakes are beneficial or harmful depends on how much you know about them. ___26___
There are many reasons why humans make mistakes. A lack (缺乏) of experience in a certain field or situation may result in the mistakes. ___27___ This is because, by having confidence, you can think that nothing bad can happen to you, but it turns out that it is not true. You have to be ready for anything at all times since life is very uncertain.
What do I do when I make a mistake ___28___ You must ask yourself: Why did l make this decision Why was it not the correct decision After answering these questions internally, the best thing you can do is try to make up for the mistake you made to prevent it from further harming you. Consider that all people make mistakes, and it is common that at first, you do not know what to do to correct them. You should calm down a little and then let everything go to find the best solution.
___29___ Some do not even allow themselves to be wrong because they want to be perfect. The destructive goal is to push yourself to exhaustion (精疲力竭) in search of perfection. The healthy goal is to seek excellence in the result while enjoying the process of improvement.
___30___ What is now an unwanted result, in the future may become what helps you to achieve it, because it makes you worry, get back to work, expand the information you had and develop new skills to deal with the situation.
A．The first thing to do is to reflect.
B．Today’s mistake helps you get it right tomorrow.
C．Overconfidence can also cause us to make many mistakes.
D．The first thing when you make a mistake is to control your emotions.
E．Most people are afraid of making mistakes because they think it is not good.
F．So it is important to understand why you make mistakes and what to do with them.
G．Reflecting on your improvement can help you view mistakes positively in the future.
My, what a big beak you have!
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. ____31____ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. ____32____
All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. ____33____ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. ____34____ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.
____35____ That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
A．However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.
B．For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%.
C．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors.
D．It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to.
E．Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies.
F．Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat.
G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings.
Should Ecotourism Be Allowed
The image was shocking, and the response was entirely predictable. The photo of a polar bear lying lifeless on a beach — blood matting the fur of its neck, with one huge paw folded under its body — received immediate criticism globally. On the shore, in the background, stand three guards, talking to each other. One of them has a rifle hanging casually on his shoulder. ____36____ The reality, however, is considerably more complex.
This powerful image has thrown into question the motivation for this kind of tourism, or ecotourism. Should we be in these environments at all Are there regions in the world where nature should be left completely untouched Does our proximity (接近) to large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire for sensational images, lead to such animals becoming accustomed to human contact If that is the case, surely the losing side will end up paying the ultimate price for such proximity.
Before answering these questions, we should first consider the incident that has caught global attention. ____37____ I have recently returned from a trip to Svalbard, and indeed stood two weeks ago on the very beach where the bear was shot. The bear’s death should never have happened. Was the beach examined from the ship offshore beforehand Were the clients themselves closely supervised to prevent one becoming isolated Was there access to flares (照明弹) to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly These are standard measures for any respected operator. ____38____
Nevertheless, the incident should not negate the value of ecotourism. ___39___ This can be by making financial donations to conservation groups, providing income to local communities, or ensuring protection of certain areas or animals. In Svalbard, visitors become ambassadors for the endangered polar bear, increasing awareness of the fact that the far greater danger facing them is sea-ice melt in the Arctic Ocean.
Ecotourism is an expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges to the regions around the world in which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the answer. ____40____When ecotourism is conducted correctly, the benefits can be direct, immediate, positive and long-lasting.
A．For me, this has struck home (触及痛处、击中要害).
B．In its best form, this kind of travel has very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes place.
C．In doing so we are therefore assured of decreasing our impact on the delicate environment.
D．The incident is probably the result of a terrible systemic failure.
E．The feeling was that of complete disregard (漠视) for the bear and the environment in which it lived.
F．This is not something that is taken lightly.
G．The key is responsible engagement and further research before you book that trip.
In recent years the term “social distancing" has been at the center of public conversation. But it’s not “social” distance but physical separation that we are trying to promote. Preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health.
____41____ Modern technology has provided us with many tools. Not all tools promote social connection equally, however. And often such seemingly small choices can make a big difference between strengthening stronger social connections and giving in to growing social distance.
____42____ When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media. In one experiment, we tested whether the media through which people interact affect their sense of connection-and how expectations about certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use. Although voice-based interactions (such as phone calls) can produce stronger connections, text- based media (such as e-mails) are often preferred.
We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone. ____43____ They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than dashing off an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. Fears about awkwardness push individuals toward text-based methods for communicating.
____44____Then we followed up with them after they had done so. As expected, we found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. More importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when reconnecting on the phone. The human voice appears to provide benefits for connection.
Our work suggests that feelings of social connection are apparently facilitated by one’s voice rather than their keyboard.
____45____
A．So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.
B．We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.
C．Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.
D．When they interact on the phone, they find they are more connected than in real life.
E．Those modes of communication are perfect choices at the time of physical distancing.
F．Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance
G．Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___46___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___47___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___48___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___49___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___50___ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Website copywriting involves writing text and copy for websites. ____51____ Commercial websites may require standard sales-style copywriting, while informative or educational websites could require more structured material.
Almost all websites require some type of website copywriting. The material on a website is important not only to attract customers, but also to raise page ranks and create search engine traffic. This means that website copywriting can be somewhat different from regular writing because writers must write for two audiences.
Search engine optimization (SEO) can sometimes be important in website copywriting. SEO refers to the process of creating copy that is tailored toward catching the attention of popular search engines. ____52____.
An understanding of keywords and search engine behavior are important for SEO when writing copy for the web. ____53____ If those keywords are used properly and in the proper places within the article, more traffic will come to the website via a search engine, and the owner of the website could have the potential of making more money.
Website copywriters often have to have both a writing background and a marketing background. A person who is acting as a website copywriter for a site usually needs to be able to write active prose that inspires action. They also need to be able to drive traffic to the site, so that customers can see the products for sale.
Being able to write effective sales copy may also be essential for website copywriting. ____54____ Content has to be well written in order to accomplish its goal, and adherence to standard writing rules is often a prerequisite to a well-written article.
____55____ People browsing the web tend to read differently than people reading a book or a newspaper. So the content must capture their attention quickly and be relatively easy to read, which often involves writing prose that is easily readable. Headings, bullet points, and simple language are often preferred as a result.
A．The type of copy that is required varies depending on the type of website.
B．Online companies may offer informational articles about products and services.
C．Website copywriters have to be familiar with basic grammar, style, and structure rules.
D．Internet copywriting also involves the composition of short headlines or advertisements.
E．Theoretically, the higher the SEO, the higher the number of readers that will be directed to the website.
F．Website copy not only serves the overall function of the website, but needs to capture the attention of readers.
G．This means copy for a website may have to contain certain keywords that people search when looking for something.
Picture this: you’ve just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish, when a friend sends you a couple of celebrity videos on WeChat. ____56____ And then the next thing you know, an hour has gone by while that big report sits, ignored, on your desk. So how does that happen
To understand this, we conducted a series of studies with 6,445 people. Through this research, we identified three factors: the amount of media the person has already viewed, the similarity of the media they’ve viewed, and the manner in which they viewed the media.
We found the order and types of content we consume can affect our decision to keep consuming similar content. But what drives this effect ____57____ When something feels more accessible, it becomes easier to process, leading us to enjoy it more.
These results also explain why it’s so easy to get distracted by apps on social media at work. ____58____ They offer bite-sized content that makes it easy to quickly consume several videos in a row. They often automatically suggest similar content, and many of them even automatically start playing similar videos, reducing the potential for interruptions.
____59____ To fight the pull, make an effort to just watch one video. If you really want to watch multiple in a row, choose videos that seem unrelated. You can also use a social media timer that urges you to take a break after a certain amount of time, or even just consciously remind yourself to consume different kinds of content.
So, if you’re struggling to climb out of a rabbit hole, try to find ways to reduce the similarity, repetitiveness, and relatedness of the content you’re consuming. ____60____ Once you manage to break free, you’ll be back at that big report in no time.
A．It can be difficult, but it’s not impossible.
B．You figure you’ll just take a few minutes to watch them.
C．Accessibility refers to how familiar a given kind of content feels.
D．These platforms are designed to trap viewers in a social media rabbit hole.
E．Prior research suggests that the three factors all increase the accessibility of similar media.
F．The good news is, a better understanding of the problem can give us the tools to escape it.
G．This will become a problem if it keeps you from doing the things you actually want to be doing.
Every year thousands of people converge(汇集) on the city of Pamplona, in north-eastern Spain, for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town.
____61____ But the event is of interest to more than just adrenaline junkies and animal-rights activists. A paper just published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds.
That is a useful topic to explore. Architects,civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire,a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly crushes. ____62____ Ethics-review boards, after all,are likely to frown on researchers putting volunteers into deadly danger simply to study how they might behave.But Daniel Parisi,a physicist and computer scientist at the Technical Institute of Buenos Aires,and the paper's lead author, realised that the Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment
Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019,and recorded footage of the runners as the animals were released. ____63____ The researchers brought their recordings back to the lab to calculate the velocities(速度)of the runners, the density of the crowd and the probability of a runner tripping and falling.They also examined the trajectories of the bulls,the responses of individual runners as bulls came near to them,and the relationship between runner-group density and velocity.
____64____ Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd. At the crowd's maximum speed of around four metres per second,density reached roughly one pedestrian per square metre.This finding is at odds with a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up,in order to lower the risk of a collision,which could lead to a fall and,perhaps,injury or death as a runner is trampled by others.Dr Parisi's data suggests that groups of fast,crowded runners are indeed at risk:of 20 people who fell,all did so within a fast-moving,dense group. Most(14 of the 20) involved two or more people,with one person tripping another.
Yet it seems that, in the heat of the moment, people pay little heed to the danger of colliding with each other, and do not slow down. The duty therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future alleys, tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. ____65____.
A．Unfortunately,solid information is hard to come by.
B．The only option may well be to make them wider.
C．Goring(顶伤)is much less common but potentially life threatening.
D．A wave of people running at top speed raced past their cameras a few seconds ahead of the bulls.
E．There are dozens of injuries every year,and there have been at least 15 deaths recorded since 1910.
F．Perhaps unsurprisingly,the researchers found that runners sped up when the bulls drew near.
G．A set of wooden fences is erected to direct the bulls along the route and to block off side streets.
When we feel exhausted, our brains want to save mental energy by directing our focus to the most readily available, recallable information to help us make decisions quickly. We often do the thing that feels right, or rush to judgment without proper consideration. ___66___ It’s the reason why if you speak Spanish, it’s much easier to learn Italian than Japanese. It’s also why many people think two single dollar bills are more valuable than a single two-dollar bill.
___67___ Or, we are willing to move toward things that make us feel good and away from things that make us feel uncomfortable.
Yet, we know hard actions can bring benefits -ones that may not be visible for some time. ___68___ Maybe we do this because we have an insight or a requirement from doctor. When we go for that initial run, it doesn’t feel good. Neither does the run after that. Our muscles hurt. The money we’ve spent on the new hobby causes friction in our household. It continues to signal the reasons we should go back to the way it was before.
So, how do we do hard things when our brains are constantly telling us to avoid effort
___69___ A 2016 study found that when people are upset, they’ re less likely to try to do hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, they’re more likely to take on the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better.
Give our brains the right amount of autonomy. When we have a choice, our brains often want something easy. ___70___
Doing things that feel uncomfortable and liking hard work can seem counterintuitive (反直觉的). But by understanding what’s going on in your brain, instead of depending on your first feeling, you can work toward completing hard things and manage your fears better.
A．Think about starting a new exercise routine.
B．Tackle hard things when we’re in a good mood.
C．Accomplish hard things by having the supports of others.
D．The result is that many of us tend to do what simply feels right.
E．The brain does this because it’s much easier to process existing ideas than new ones.
F．But there are still some people keeping with it to the end regardless of these difficulties.
G．But we can reduce that response by challenging ourselves to be innovative and provide motives.
Usually when someone is disgusted by something, he feels it is unpleasant and stays away from it, so disgust mostly protects people from getting sick. However, getting a little dirty can have its advantages. Studies show that kids under age one who physically interact with a dog will have a 13% reduction in the likelihood of developing asthma, a breathing problem.
In the late 1860s, Charles Darwin proposed that being disgusted could have a developmental purpose. ____71____ He guessed that the early humans most likely to feel disgusted survived to pass on their genes (基因), while the more nutritionally daring died off.
____72____ It wasn’t until the early 1990s, a time when gameshows eagerly slimed contestants, that disgust got more attention in psychological and behavioral research. Since then, scientists have identified different types of disgust and have explored how they affect the way we behave.
The research shows that Darwin was basically right: disgust is a major part of the behavioral immune system that protects people from disease, a collection of actions influenced by some of the most natural reactions that keep our bodies in superior condition. We already know that not all germs (病菌) are bad for us. ____73____ Science also tells us that getting a bit dirty helps people more readily fight disease.
“Disgust is associated with fewer infections, so it is a helpful emotion in disease-relevant contexts,” says Joshua Ackerman, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. However, he says it can be a double-edged sword. ____74____ And some of those things could actually improve our health.
____75____ Disgust is part of society’s balance. Too little, and we might get sick. Too much of it can harm our health. Figuring out this complex problem could help researchers understand a variety of human behaviors.
A．They work with our body to maintain a balance.
B．They were quite certain that being disgusted could benefit people.
C．Nobody is quite sure whether disgust is a positive or negative thing.
D．For many years afterward, though, scientists didn’t pay much attention to disgust.
E．What he means is that it’s also associated with dislike for unfamiliar things, like food.
F．Disgust became advanced to prevent our ancestors from eating spoiled food that might kill them.
G．Researchers across fields continue to explore disgust so we can better understand our world and ourselves.
Time management is all about making the most effective use of your time and working smarter. It requires planning, and then sticking to the plan — and that takes discipline (自律). ___76___
It’s important that you know what your short-term and long-term goals are — this will enable you to differentiate between what’s important and what’s not. ___77___ It's only when you know where you want to go and what you want to achieve that you can figure out exactly what needs to be done, and in what order.
Some people have the habit of putting off doing things. ___78___It’s important to look at the causes of your postponement — is it because you re waiting for the right time or mood, or have just developed a very bad habit The only way to break a habit is to consistently act in other ways — so stop putting things off and just do it.
___79___ They can increase your productivity by 20 per cent, help to clear your mind, and save you energy and stress. Start your day by spending five to ten minutes planning your activities for the day — or, better still, prepare your list the evening before.
Write out your tasks to-do either on paper or on your computer. Focus on one task at a time. As you complete your tasks, cross them off. ___80___
Learning how to squeeze more into your day, and knowing how to make the most of your time is essential to your career and life balance.
A．It can give you a very satisfying feeling.
B．You need to be energetic in the activities.
C．It is a good method for you to make to-do lists.
D．You’d better figure out your strengths in your mind.
E．Here are some tips which can help you maximise your time.
F．For them, this bad behavior may be a major barrier to their success.
G．Once you have clear goals, you can prepare a series of actions to achieve them.
The music is on. The figure skater glides, jumps and spins. One turn, two turns, three turns. ___81___
Why People often feel dizzy and lose balance after spinning around. ___82___ The eyes reach their limit before our head finishes a full turn, so they turn back to a new starting point, said Scientific American. When our eyes repeat this, we get dizzy.
Figure skaters don’t have any super power. ___83___ Their secret is lots and lots of practice, according to Science Focus magazine. As they train more, their brains get used to the feeling.
___84___ One method is called “opposing eye movement”. It’s like the eye movement when we watch a moving train pass in front of us while our heads stay still. Skaters can train themselves to engage this eye movement when they spin. Scientific American said this can offset the dizzy feeling.
___85___ We feel dizzier when our brain feels changes in speed. Skaters can also pick one spot to stare at as they stop turning. “Some skaters will design a dance move at the end of a long spin.” said Science Focus. This provides a little break while the dizziness passes.
A．No pain, no gain.
B．They get dizzy, too.
C．Their movements are so smooth and graceful.
D．Other methods include keeping a uniform speed.
E．Skaters also have methods to help them feel less dizzy.
F．It seems they never get dizzy no matter how many times they spin.
G．This is because when we move our head during a spin, our eyes start to move in the opposite direction.
How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your lucky choices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things had gone a different way
____86____It is the birthplace of emotions such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative outcome to what has actually happened in one’s life holds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads to unhappiness. It is therefore not surprising that it has become a hot topic of research in social psychology.
Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster.____87____ The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned. And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful” to describe their feelings.
____88____ If the person had really been lucky, wouldn’t they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的). ____89____ That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives.
Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are. ____90____ Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action.
A．At first glance, this response does not make much sense.
B．This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking.
C．Even though it sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good.
D．The imagination of a life has been the inspiration for dozens of movies.
E．News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives.
F．The more important the event is, the more intense our counterfactual thinking about it will be.
G．The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse.
The iPod Generation
Today it is common to see people who walk about with colored wires hanging from their ears wherever they go. They move about in their personal bubbles, sometimes unaware of what’s happening around them.___91___. Outside life is shut out. So are you one of “them”
For me, walking around in my own personal bubble is perfect. ___92___ . What’s even better, wearing earphones seems to give a signal to people which says, “I’m not available for chatting at the moment!”
Suppose you’re at work and about to make an incredible breakthrough, but a colleague suddenly turns up. His sudden appearance would break your concentration and cause mistakes. ___93___. Once again, those wires hanging from your ears would be sure to give that “Go away!” signal.
___94___. It’s probably part of the growing up stage when they just want to ignore their whole family. While their mothers give them lectures about why they should do their homework, they can just turn up the volume on their MP3 player, smile, and say “Yes, Mum.” Problem solved.
Pretty soon, not only will we have pretty colored wires hanging from our ears, but also our brains will be directly plugged into some new high-tech instruments. We’ll be in a virtual world, communicating with everyone else, or choosing not to, as we like. ___95___. And they are changing our social habits along the way.
In the end, there is a thin line between using technology as a tool for making life better and being a slave to it! It’s so strange — suddenly, I don’t feel like wearing my earphones anymore.
A．Our instruments are changing quickly.
B．I don’t have to deal with the noise from the environment.
C．In the home situation, teenagers love these wires.
D．I also have wires hanging from my ears.
E．After all, I am listening to my favourite music and would rather not be disturbed.
F．Listening to music through earphones is the perfect way to ignore such interruptions (中断).
G．They walk around in their own spaces, with their personal “digital noise reduction systems”.
As a parent, you must have a lot of concerns about the various skills you would like your child to get. Music is one of them. ____96____ On the other hand, it is great for a child’s overall development if he or she has an interest in learning music.
____97____ The concentration helps them with their grades. Their learning and communication skills will be better than others of their own age. They also develop lots of confidence and self-esteem.
Another advantage of your child to learn music becomes apparent only at a later stage. ____98____ It can be very beneficial and many top musicians have a very early exposure to music and connect this with their later success.
You can start when your child is only a baby, by exposing him or her to a wide range of music at home. ____99____ And you could sustain your child’s interest by having both of you singing together.
Some parents start their children on a musical instrument(乐器) as early as 3 years of age. This is great if the child is having a good time, especially when a child’s brain has a wonderful capacity for mastering new skills. It goes without saying that you should not have to drag your child to lessons. You can be assured that nothing productive will come out of it. ____100____
If you start your child on music lessons by the age of 5, taking care to encourage him or her and not to push him or her, your child will grow up into an accomplished adult with a well-rounded personality.
A．It can have good effects on your child.
B．This is selecting music as a career.
C．And your child will have a lifelong dislike of music.
D．Otherwise, you’ll completely spoil your child’s future.
E．You could ensure that there is a song or tune played in the background.
F．One of the advantages of teaching children to play a musical instrument is to make them more concentrated.
G．On the one hand, you can encourage your child’s creativity and natural hobby.
参考答案：
1．G 2．B 3．C 4．E 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了烹饪的好处。烹饪不只是教会小孩基本的技能，它能激发小孩的创作性，鼓励小孩学会批判性思考并且学会互相合作。
1．根据前文“The truth is that it’s much more than that.(事实是远不止如此。)”以及后文“It invites kids to make connections to the broader world by asking, “Where does our food come from ” and “What is the history of this recipe ”(它使得孩子们通过问“我们的食物从哪里来？”和“这个食谱的历史是什么？”来与更广阔的世界建立联系。)”以及后文的“It encourages kids to work with others.(它鼓励孩子与他人一起工作。)”可知，烹饪能教会孩子们许多技能，让小孩们了解食物的来源、历史，并鼓励孩子们相互合作。选项G“It’s a way to teach kids vital skills, such as critical thinking, creativity and cooperation.( 这是一种教孩子们诸如如批判性思维、创造力和合作等重要技能的方式。)”承上启下，符合语意。故选G项。
2．根据后文“It is a perfect opportunity for them to learn that oil and water don’t usually mix.(这是他们了解油和水通常不相溶的绝佳机会。)”可知，通过烹饪孩子们还可以了解一些科学常识，比如油和水不相溶。选项B“烹饪也将科学概念带入生活”符合语境，选项中的“science concepts”对应下文的“oil and water don’t usually mix”，下文内容是众多“science concepts”中的一个。故选B项。
3．根据前文“Recipe failures matter as much as the successes.(食谱的失败和成功一样重要。)”以及后文的“When Helen, 11, took her cake out of the oven, she was disappointed to find that it was flat as a board. I told her about how, as a preteen, I accidentally made cookies with garlic powder instead of powdered ginger. Then we worked together to figure out what had gone wrong with her cake. (当11岁的海伦从烤箱里拿出她的蛋糕时，她失望地发现蛋糕竟然是平的。我告诉她，在我十一岁前，我不小心用大蒜粉而不是姜粉做了饼干。然后我们一起找出她的蛋糕出了什么问题。)”可知，烹饪时食谱的失败对小孩的成长很重要。由选项后的内容可知，小孩经历失败会失望，但这也会激励他们找出问题。选项C“在某些方面，他们帮助孩子们发展韧性”符合语境，选项中的“they”指的是前文的“Recipe failures”，选项中的“help kids develop resilience”对应后文的案例内容。故选C项。
4．根据后文“It encourages kids to work with others. It also encourages them to be open to foods they otherwise might not have tried.(它鼓励孩子和别人一起工作。这也鼓励他们对原本可能没有尝试过的食物持开放态度。)”可知，烹饪能激发小孩的合作精神以及鼓励他们对没有尝过的食物持开放态度，因此烹饪有助于培养孩子们的秉性。E项“Beyond the practical skills, cooking builds character.(除了实用技能，烹饪还能塑造性格。)”符合语意。故选E项。
5．根据前文的“Of course, the best part of cooking with kids isn’t the basic skills.(当然，和孩子一起做饭的最好部分不是基本技能。)”以及后文的“We both felt excited despite the mess that accompanied that experience.(尽管那次经历伴随着混乱，但我们都感到兴奋。)”可知，和小孩一起烹饪最重要不是学基本技能，更重要的是一起去经历这个过程，这是个美好的回忆。故选项D“It’s the memories you make together in the kitchen.(最重要的是你们在厨房共同创造的回忆。)”是上文的进一步解释，同时引出下文内容，符合语意。故选D项。
6．C 7．E 8．F 9．B 10．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在野外所需要的一些必需品。
6．空前说“In the wild, it all depends on you with your survival knowledge and equipment to life.(在野外，一切都取决于你的生存知识和装备。)”，空后说“You must be familiar with the use of equipment.(你必须熟悉装备的使用。)”，因此空格处应讲装备的好处或重要性，C选项“Good equipment can let you have a more comfortable experience.(好的装备可以让你拥有更舒适的体验。)”说明了装备的重要性，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
7．空前说“The use of the compass is the most effective. Some people may say GPS is very popular now.(使用指南针是最有效的。有些人可能会说GPS现在很流行。)”，空后说“In cold, hot, wet and other bad conditions, such as about 10 degrees below zero in the northeast, GPS uses 30% more electricity than room temperature.(在寒冷、炎热、潮湿等恶劣条件下，比如东北地区零下10度左右，GPS的用电量比室温下多30%。)”，因此前后是转折关系，空格处应说像GPS这样的高科技的缺点，E选项“However, the more complex things are, the more likely they are to go wrong.(然而，越复杂的东西，出错的可能性就越大。)”中的However表转折，说明了高科技的东西也有缺点，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
8．空后说“The ordinary plastic lighters sold on the street are actually good, light weight and easy to use.(街上卖的普通塑料打火机其实很好，重量轻，使用方便。)”，因此空格处应引出打火机这个装备，F选项“In order to let you enjoy better treatment in the wild, you have to take a lighter.(为了让你在野外享受更好的待遇，你得带打火机。)”引出了打火机，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
9．空格处是本段的主题句，根据空后的“At least it is about 1.5 meters long and 30-50 cm wide. Putting a scarf around your neck can prevent sunburn by sunshine, can make it a simple sun hat, marching in bright light or desert.(它至少有1.5米长，30-50厘米宽。把围巾围在脖子上可以防止被阳光晒伤，可以把它做成一顶简单的太阳帽，在强光下或沙漠中行进。)”，说明本段主要介绍的装备是至少有1.5米长，30-50厘米宽围巾，B选项“The survival scarf in the wild is our essential survival tool.(野外生存巾是我们必不可少的生存工具。)”引出了野外生存巾，符合语境，故选B。
10．空前说“The raincoat doesn’t just protect you from the rain.(雨衣不仅能保护你不受雨淋。)”，空格处应讲雨衣还能做什么，G选项“It can also be used as tents and waterproof mats to keep you warm and get water for you.(它也可以用作帐篷和防水垫，为你保暖和取水。)”说明了雨衣除了遮雨以外的功能，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
11．E 12．G 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了人们都认为有很多钱就能解决我们所有的问题，所以将金钱作为追寻的宝藏。但作者认为真正的宝藏是内心的爱。
11．根据上文“The television this morning was displaying some new adventure movie about the hunt for a treasure ship full of gold.(今天早上电视播放了一些新的冒险电影，是关于寻找装满金子的宝船的)”以及下文“Most of main characters have the dream of becoming an overnight millionaire. (大多数主角都梦想一夜成为百万富翁)”可知，本句应承上启下，说明这部电影带给作者的感受：让我想起了这么多年来我看过的所有其他电影。故E选项“它让我想起了这么多年来我看过的所有其他电影”符合语境，故选E。
12．根据上文“Where did this desire for treasure come from I know I myself am guilty of it. As a boy I would walk in the woods and daydream of finding buried treasure there. Then as an adult I would fantasize about some unknown relative leaving me a fortune or of my two self-published books becoming best sellers.(这种寻宝的欲望从何而来？我知道我自己也有罪。小时候，我常在树林里散步，幻想着在那里找到埋藏的宝藏。成年后，我会幻想某个不知名的亲戚给我留下一笔财富，或者我自己出版的两本书成为畅销书)”以及后文“However, when I see all the rich and famous people on television I can see that they aren’t that happy and that they have their own unique set of problems.(然而，当我在电视上看到所有的富人和名人时，我可以看到他们并不那么快乐，他们有自己独特的问题)”可知，后文提到富人和名人也有自己的问题，说明钱并不能解决所有问题，本句与后文构成转折，故G选项“也许我们都认为有很多钱就能解决我们所有的问题”符合语境，故选G。
13．根据后文“There really is a true treasure out there that will make our lives so much better and the most amazing thing of all is this treasure is absolutely free. This treasure is love.(真的有一个真正的宝藏在那里，它会让我们的生活变得更好，最令人惊讶的是，这个宝藏是绝对免费的。这个宝藏就是爱)”可知，后文提到了真正的宝藏是爱，说明上文提到的将金钱作为宝藏是错误的，故D选项“也许真正的问题是我们都在寻找错误的宝藏”符合语境，故选D。
14．根据上文“There is so much love around us and when we invite the love into our hearts and lives we become rich, our days are filled with smiles, and our lives are full of joy. When we have love inside us, the problems of this life lose their power over us.(我们周围有太多的爱，当我们邀请爱进入我们的心和生活，我们变得丰富，我们的日子充满了微笑，我们的生活充满了欢乐。当我们心中有爱时，生活中的问题就会失去对我们的影响)”可知，上文提到生活中存在问题，即并不完美，但爱可以让人很幸福。故A选项“虽然我们的生活可能不完美，但我们很幸福”符合语境，故选A。
15．根据上文“Then how shall we look for treasure The true treasure of life is already inside of you.(那我们怎么找宝藏呢？真正的生命宝藏已经在你体内)”以及后文“And the funny thing is that the more you share it with others, the more of it you have within yourself.(有趣的是，你和别人分享的越多，你自己也会拥有越多)”可知，上文提到生命宝藏已经存在体内，后文提到和别人分享，即要打开心扉和他人共享宝藏。故B选项“你只需要打开心扉，疯狂地分享它”符合语境，故选B。
16．E 17．F 18．D 19．B 20．G
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了在科学领域，很多突破源于幸运的意外，有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃，最后作者得出结论：只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时，才有可能实现改变世界的科学突破。
16．根据第一段“What does it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs Some are the result of a lucky accident, combined with curiosity. (怎样才能实现改变世界的科学突破 有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果)”，结合空格后句子“ One day, usually early in their career, they get an idea they can’t stop thinking about. It’s crazy, they say to themselves, but is it really impossible They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons their idea might not work, and how damaging this could be for their career. (有一天，通常在他们职业生涯的早期，他们会有一个想法，他们无法停止思考。他们对自己说，这太疯狂了，但这真的不可能吗？他们与受人尊敬的同事交谈，这些同事经常提醒他们，他们的想法可能行不通的所有原因，以及这对他们的职业生涯有多大的危害)”可知，空格处提出的应该是实现改变世界的科学突破需要的另一样东西，科学家对对特定想法的追求。由此可知，E选项（其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求）符合题意，第一段中的some和选项中的other前后照应。故选E。
17．根据空格前的句子“Yet, the idea won’t die and they are determined to travel that road — a road that may well lead nowhere. (然而，这个想法不会消亡，他们决心走这条路——这条路很可能一无所获)”可知，空格处在继续论述他们不放弃走这条路的另一种结果。由此可知，F选项（但有时这条路会带来重大突破，如X光和疫苗）符合题意，选项中的the road和前句中的road属于同词复现。故选F。
18．根据空格前的句子“By bringing their dreams to life, they were rewarded with fame and wealth and something even more valuable. (通过实现梦想，他们获得了名利和更宝贵的东西)”可知，空格处继续说明实现他们的梦想带来的好处。由此可知，D选项（正因为他们，全世界数百万人从未生病或死亡）符合题意，选项中的them指代是前文提到的为实现梦想而努力的科学家们。故选D。
19．根据空格前一句“Of course, the obsession (执念) with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists. (当然，对许多科学家来说，痴迷于一个不太可能的梦并没有得到回报)”和下两句“Nature doesn’t turn out to operate the way they predicted. In the end, their beautiful theory is murdered by brutal facts.(事实证明，大自然并不像他们预测的那样运作。最终，他们美丽的理论被残酷的事实所扼杀)”可知，空格处继续说明痴迷于一个不太可能的梦不能达到回报。由此可知，B选项（他们的想法虽然很聪明，但最终被证明是错误的）符合题意。故选B。
20．根据空格前一句“Ultimately, scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers, recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs. (归根结底，只有当一个社会愿意投资于梦想家，并认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时，科学突破才有可能实现)”和下一句“More importantly, the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world.(更重要的是，投资可以防止痛苦和死亡，并改变世界)”可知，空格处提到的应该是投资带来的好处。由此可知，G选项（然而，导致突破的投资带来了更大的经济回报）符合题意，选项中the investments在前后文都有提到，属于同词复现。故选G。
21．G 22．F 23．D 24．E 25．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了圆珠笔的发明历史。
21．上文“Before the ballpoint pen, people used fountain pens. These old-fashioned pens had to be refilled often, and they leaked and easily made paper dirty.(在圆珠笔出现之前，人们使用自来水笔。 这些老式钢笔需要经常重新填充，而且漏水，很容易弄脏纸张。)”提到了老式钢笔的不便利性，G选项中inconveniences是关键词，与上文提到的老式钢笔的不便利相呼应，所以G选项“由于Bíró每天大部分时间都在写作，他对这些不便太熟悉了。”符合语境。故选G项。
22．上文“A boy rolled a marble through a puddle, creating a line of water on the street and giving Bíró the idea for the ballpoint design.(一个男孩把一个大理石滚过水坑，在街上形成了一条水线，给Bíró提供了圆珠笔设计的灵感。)”提到了圆珠笔设计灵感的来源，F选项中However是关键词，与上文是转折关系，所以F选项“然而，真正的突破出现在当Bíró得到他的科学家兄弟的帮助时侯。”符合语境，且引起下文，下文的he就指代F选项中的his brother。故选F项。
23．下文“Instead, American businessman Milton Reynolds was the man responsible for that. After seeing the pens in Argentina, he changed the design just enough to sell them as his own.(相反，美国商人米尔顿·雷诺兹(Milton Reynolds)是罪魁祸首。 在阿根廷看到这些笔后，他改变了设计，只是为了把它们当作自己的产品来销售。)”提到了罪魁祸首，D选项中Unfortunately是关键词，与下文是顺承关系，所以D选项“不幸的是，Bíró没能把他的发明传播到世界各地。”引起下文内容，符合语境。故选D项。
24．下文“Ballpoint pens can be less comfortable to write with because more pressure must be applied when writing with them. In addition, it doesn’t feel natural to join letters together because of the way the ink flows. Some say these factors contributed to the decline of cursive writing(使用圆珠笔写字可能不太舒服，因为使用圆珠笔写字时必须施加更大的压力。 此外，由于墨水流动的方式，把字母连在一起感觉不自然。 有人说这些因素导致了草书的衰落)”中提到了写字方式的改变，E选项中，change是关键词，与下文是顺承关系，所以E选项“虽然圆珠笔很方便，但它们改变了人们写字的方式。”能引起下文，符合语境。故选E项。
25．下文“Who would have thought that this amazing invention was inspired by something as simple as children playing with marbles (谁能想到这个惊人的发明是受到孩子们玩弹珠这么简单的启发 )”提到了这是一个简单的发明，且用问句的形式表明一种惊讶状态，B选项中essential是关键词，与下文simple呼应，所以B选项“圆珠笔已经成为我们日常生活中必不可少的工具。”符合语境。故选B项。
26．F 27．C 28．A 29．E 30．B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么人会犯错误以及如何处理这些错误。
26．根据上文“Whether mistakes are beneficial or harmful depends on how much you know about them. (错误是有益还是有害取决于你对它们的了解程度。)”可知，上文告诉我们错误是有益还是有害取决于你对它们的了解程度，F项意为“因此，了解自己为什么会犯错误以及如何处理这些错误是很重要的。”选项与上文为因果关系，因为错误是有益还是有害取决于你对它们的了解程度，所以，了解自己为什么会犯错误以及如何处理这些错误是很重要的，且能引起下文，文章第二段介绍了人类犯错误的原因。故选F。
27．根据下文“This is because, by having confidence, you can think that nothing bad can happen to you, but it turns out that it is not true. (这是因为，通过自信，你可能会认为没有什么坏事会发生在你身上，但事实证明那不是真的。)”可知，下文告诉我们过度自信是我们犯错误的原因之一，C项意为“过度自信也会导致我们犯许多错误。”选项能够引起下文，下文解释了为什么过度自信会导致我们犯错误。故选C。
28．根据上文“What do I do when I make a mistake (当我犯错误时该怎么办？)”和下文“You must ask yourself: Why did l make this decision Why was it not the correct decision (你必须问自己：我为什么做出这个决定？为什么这不是一个正确的决定？)”可知，本段内容介绍了当我们犯错误时该怎么办，A项意为“首先要做的是反思。”选项能够承接上文，当我们犯错误时，首先要做的是反思，且能引起下文，下文介绍了我们应该如何反思，列举了我们必须问自己的一些问题。故选A。
29．根据下文“Some do not even allow themselves to be wrong because they want to be perfect. (有些人甚至不允许自己犯错，因为他们想变得完美。)”可知，本段内容介绍了一些人不允许自己犯错误的现象，E项意为“大多数人害怕犯错误，因为他们认为犯错误不好。”选项能够引起下文，大多数人害怕犯错误，有些人甚至不允许自己犯错，这些都是对待错误的不正确的态度。故选E。
30．根据下文“What is now an unwanted result, in the future may become what helps you to achieve it, because it makes you worry, get back to work, expand the information you had and develop new skills to deal with the situation. (现在是一个不想要的结果，在未来可能会成为帮助你实现目标的东西，因为错误让你担心，重新开始工作，扩展你拥有的信息，并开发新的技能来应对这种情况。)”可知，本段内容告诉我们今天犯的错误有助于你今后做得更好，B项意为“今天的错误有助于你明天做好。”选项能够概括段落主旨，下文解释了为什么今天的错误有助于你明天做得更好。故选B。
31．C 32．G 33．F 34．A 35．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。
31．根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。
32．空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。
33．根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions. (“艾伦法则”是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。
34．根据下文“The team combined data from different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。
35．根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。
36．E 37．A 38．D 39．B 40．G
【导语】本文是一