北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 3 Conservation Section Ⅴ　Writing 教学课件(共16张PPT)

(共16张PPT)
Unit 3　Conservation
Section Ⅴ　Writing
概要写作
概要写作首先考查学生的阅读理解能力,其次考查学生的写作应用能力。其要求是将一篇350词左右的文章,通过提炼关键点,用自己的语言浓缩成60词左右的内容概要。概要写作分以下4步:
Step 1:通读全文,把握文体:记叙文、说明文还是议论文
Step 2:将文章分成几个部分,并找出每部分的中心(要点):看看有没有中心句,高频重复的关键词。
Step 3:替换每段的中心句:不能照抄原句,所以,我们可以用以下方法,改写已经找出的中心句。
1.同义替换:将关键词汇替换成同义词、同义词组或者改换词性。
2.主被动:将原文的主动句变成被动句。
3.从句与非谓语:可以将两种语法互换。例如原句如果是定语从句,则改写的时候换成非谓语作后置定语。
Step 4:加入句子与句子之间的关系词。
在概要写作中,一定要牢记以下几点:
1.不照抄原文;
2.不要加入文章提到的例子或者具体的数据;
3.不给予个人评价;
4.词数在40~80之间;
5.用恰当的关联词;
6.不要分段。
1.定语从句
Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见,但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
2.非谓语
But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially.
但是和真正的社会损失相比,个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。
3.名词性从句
People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress.
为动物权利而斗争的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。
4.强调句
It is all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
正是你在训练中多付出的那额外的一点点将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade, industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico (150),Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one,with a question mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
参考范文
It is believed that during hunter-gatherers’ time,there were about 12,000 languages.With these people settling down to be farmers,languages became fewer and more fixed. Recently,many factors in social change led to the disappearance of languages and major languages like English began to take control.Currently,there are approximately 6,800 languages unevenly distributed globally, some of which are dying out because of fewer speakers.It is unlikely that they will survive.
必备词汇:
表达上下文联系的词:
时间先后:later,soon,then,with time going by,currently, presently,eventually
因果或转折关系:so,therefore,as a result,nevertheless, instead,however,suddenly (all of a sudden)
递进关系:what’s more,what’s worse,to make things worse
并列关系:besides,in addition,meanwhile,at the same time
总结:to sum up,in a word,in conclusion
必备句型:
It is believed that during hunter-gatherers’ time,there were about 12,000 languages.
人们相信,在狩猎采集者时期,大约有12,000种语言。
With these people settling down to be farmers,languages became fewer and more fixed.
随着这些人定居下来成为农民,语言变得越来越少,越来越固定。
Currently,there are approximately 6,800 languages unevenly distributed globally,some of which are dying out because of fewer speakers.
目前,全球大约有6,800种语言不均匀地分布在各地,其中一些语言正在消失,因为使用它们的人越来越少。