高考英语大单元复习主谓一致精讲课件(共32张PPT)

(共32张PPT)
单元三
主谓一致
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主谓一致
谓语动词的数应和主语的人称和数保持一致,这叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓是否一致时,要遵循下列三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”就是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致的问题。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。
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1.主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、书名等整体概念的名词时。
Ten miles is not a long way for me.
十英里对我来说不是很长的距离。
2.由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词做主语,前面由every/each/no修饰时。
Each boy and(each) girl has an apple.
每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。
3.and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,且两个名词共用一个冠词时。
A teacher of English and class teacher is telling us something about volunteer workers now.
一位英语老师兼班主任现在正告诉我们关于义工们的一些情况。
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4.“the number of+复数名词”做主语时。
The number of professors present at the meeting is 1,800.
出席会议的教授的人数是1,800人。
5.动词-ing形式、不定式或从句做主语时。
What the teacher does and says is of great importance to the students.
老师做的事和说的话对学生很重要。
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6.“more than one+单数名词”和“many a+单数名词”做主语时。
More than one student has gone to Beijing.
不止一个学生去了北京。
—How was the English test last Friday
—Many a student has passed the test.
——上周五的英语测验怎么样
——许多同学都通过了测验。
7.“the+形容词”做主语,表示一类抽象的事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The new is sure to replace the old. 新生事物一定会取代旧事物。
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1.有些集合名词如:clothes,cattle,folk,people,police 等做主语,后面的谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are searching for the murderer.
警方正在搜寻凶手。
2.“the+形容词/过去分词”做主语,表示某一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The old are living a happy life now.
老人们现在过着幸福的生活。
3.由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。
Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.
这家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。
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1.集合名词如:group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等做主语时,如果看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,如果侧重其成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
My family has four people.My family all like watching football games.
我家有四口人。我的家人都喜欢看足球比赛。
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2.主语是单复数同形的名词如:deer, sheep, fish, series, means, works, aircraft等时,视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数形式。
Every means has been tried, but none proved successful.
每个办法都尝试过了,但没有一个证实是成功的。
Many means have not come into effect.
许多方法都没生效。
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3.代词none, neither, all以及what引导的从句等做主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于所指代的内容。
All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
我们所需要的就是一小块土地,在那儿我们可以在一年的生长季节种植各种各样的果树。
What they have are 200 computers.
他们拥有的就是二百台电脑。
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4. population表示“人口”,即一个国家或地区的居民数目,它做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时,population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,它做主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。
The population of that country is about 36 million.
那个国家的人口数大约是3,600万。
Eighty percent of the population in that country are farmers.
那个国家80%的人口是农民。
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1.有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语,该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。
The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.
森林火灾的危险不能轻视。
2.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, in addition to, as well as, as much as, more than, rather than, no less than, except, but, besides, including 等连接的单词(词组)时,其谓语动词的单复数形式要与它们前面的主语保持一致。
Newspapers, as well as the Internet, play an important role in daily communication.
报纸,还有互联网,在日常交流中起到了重要的作用。
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1.由some, plenty, a lot, lots, most, the rest, all, half, part或分数、百分数+of+名词等短语做主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果of后面所接名词为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式;如果of后面所接名词为单数或不可数名词,谓语动词就用单数形式。
About one third of the books are well worth reading.
大约三分之一的书非常值得阅读。
Over 30% of the work has been finished.
百分之三十以上的工作已经完成了。
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2.由a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind(type, sort, part, piece, section, pair)等构成的短语做主语时,谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。
This kind of animals is dangerous.
Animals of this kind are dangerous.
这种动物很危险。
3.“a large amount of+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
“large amounts of+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
“a good/great deal of+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.
大量资金投放到当地的市场上。
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1.由or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.
不但他的家人而且连他也喜欢卓别林的电影。
Are either you or your brother going to the party
要么你要么是你的弟弟将要去参加这个聚会吗
2.there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
There are some envelopes and paper for you.
有一些信封和纸张给你。
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1.在定语从句里,关系代词that, who, which等做主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。
Those who have seen the film please put up your hands.
看过这部电影的请举手。
2.“one of+the+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。
Tom is one of the boys who have been abroad.
汤姆是出过国的男孩之一。
3.“the only one of+the+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
他是唯一一个通过这次考试的学生。
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典例剖析
1. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, ________ have been read hundreds of times previously.
all of them B. each of which
C. all of which D. each of them
答案：C
解析：考查非限制性定语从句关系词，主谓一致。句意：人们不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上翻阅着旧杂志，这些杂志以前已经被读过几百次了。A. all of them 它们全都；B. each of which它们中每一个；C. all of which 它们全部都；D. each of them它们中每一个。该空需要使用关系代词which代替先行词magazines引导非限制性定语从句；根据空后have可知，主语应为复数意义，应使用all。故选C项。
2. Not only the students but also the teacher _____ a great interest in playing football.
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
答案：B
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：不仅学生们而且老师都对踢足球表现出极大的兴趣。not only...but also 连接两个成分作主语，遵循就近原则，其后谓语动词与就近的主语保持一致。teacher为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
3. It's clear that neither he nor his parents _____ the plan put forward at the family meeting.
agrees to B. are for
C. is in favor of D. agree on
答案：B
解析：考查主谓一致。neither...nor连接两个并列的主语时，谓语采用就近原则，所以谓语的数应由his parents来决定。因为his parents是复数，所以agrees to和is in favor of都可以排除，agree on 的主语必须是达成共识的人们或者单位。故选B。
4. A professor and a writer _____present at the meeting.
A. was B. is C. were D. had been
答案：C
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：一位教授和一位作家出席了会议。这里主语用and连接起来，因为每个名词前都有冠词，所以这是两个人，故排除A、B；过去完成时是相对的时态，整句话没有过去式所以不可能用过去完成时。故选C。
5. Neither your sister nor mine _____the good news. Let's tell them.
A. know B. knows C. knew D. known
答案：B
解析：考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意：你妹妹和我妹妹都不知道这个好消息。让我们告诉她们。根据“Let's tell them.”可知，此处是指现在的客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。“neither...nor...”的主谓一致使用“就近原则”，mine是指“我的妹妹”，为第三人称单数。故选B。
6. The factory used 65% of the raw materials, the rest of which ___________ saved for other purposes.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
答案：D
解析：the rest of +主语, 谓语动词的单复数形式视主语而定。定语从句the rest of which...中的主语是which, 指代前文的the raw materials, 是个复数形式, 故谓语动词用复数形式, 且主句的时态为过去时, 所以从句的时态也为过去时。句意: 工厂用了65%的原材料, 剩下的保存下来另作他用。故选D。
7. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
regard B. is regarded
C. are regarded D. regards
答案：B
解析：句意:现在,骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as...(把……看做……)和句意,确定应该用被动语态,排除A和D;由介词短语along with 连接的三个名词作主语,谓语动词应该就前一致,即用单数,排除C。故选B。
8.—How many teachers are there in your school？
—_____ them _____ over one hundred.
A. The number of; is B. The number of; are
C. A number of; are D. A number of; is
答案：A
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：一你们的学校里有多少老师？一他们的总数超过一百。the number of..，……的总数,如果作主语看作单数;a number of...,许多的……,大量的……，修饰可数名词复数，如果作主语看成是复数，根据提问的数量，结合系动词。故选A。
9._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
Two fifth, is B. Two fifth are
C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are
答案：C
解析：考查分数表达和系动词.句意:那个地区五分之二的土地被树和草覆盖.可知分数的表达是:分子用基数词,分母用序数词.分子大于一，分母用复数形式.主语是Two fifths of the land ,用动词第三人称单数形式is故选:C
10. So nice a girl _________ every girl and every boy in her class _________ help her when she is in trouble.
is she that; is willing to
B. she looks that; would like to
C. is she that; are glad to
D. does she look that; are willing to
答案：A
解析：考查倒装句和主谓一致。句意:她是一个非常好的女孩,当她遇到困难时,她班上的每个女孩和男孩都愿意帮助她。第一空,So/Such…that…句型中,so或such置于句首,其后的句子需要部分倒装;第二空,every…and every…连接主语时,谓语动词需使用单数。所以正确答案是A。
11. The number of expressions he learned last year ________ (be) no more than 500.
答案：was
解析： the number of 修饰名词做主语，谓语用单数形式，又句中时间状语是last year，故该句用一般过去时，故填was。
12. Whether we can raise enough money to carry out the project ________(remain) to be discussed.
答案：remains
解析：remain表示"依然；保持"，主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且指的是现在的情况，要用一般现在时第三人称单数形式．故填 remains．
13. At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ____________(be) that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.
答案：is
解析："one of+名词复数"作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。根据时间状语At present判断，谓语应用一般现在时，故空格处填is。
14. The father as well as his children ______ (go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
答案：goes
解析：考查主谓一致。句意:冬天的每个星期天下午,这位父亲和他的孩子们都会在冰冻的河面上滑冰。as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
15. Between the two buildings __________(stand) a tall pine.
答案：stands
解析：考查主谓一致及完全倒装句。句意:两座建筑物之间耸立着一棵高大的松树。句中表示地点的状语Between the two buildings置于句首时,句子用完全倒装句,其主语是a tall pine,故用动词的第三人称单数形式,即stands。
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