北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 1 Relationships Section Ⅳ　Grammar 教学课件(共19张PPT)

(共19张PPT)
Unit 1　Relationships
Section Ⅳ　Grammar
画出句子中的过去完成时
1.I suppose I was a bit lazy and now I wish I’d done more work,especially in maths.
2.Before Mr Jenkins,science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me.
3.I had heard stories about his bad behaviour.
4.He was very bright and he had done very well in science subjects.
5.I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do.
过去完成时
英语语法中,时态被切分成三大时间节点:过去时、现在时及将来时。过去完成时属于过去时的一部分,表达的意义通常为以下三种:
1.表达在一个事件发生前,已经发生的事情。通常放在复合句中,有一般过去时作为参照;
2.表达到过去某个时间为止已经发生的事情,通常与by the end of last+时间点连用;
3.用在虚拟结构中,用于表达对已发生的事情的虚拟,常用于if only,wish,as if,would rather 引导的虚拟结构中及if引导的表达对过去事实的虚拟结构中。
一、结构
过去完成时的基本结构为 had done
过去完成时的被动结构为 had been done
过去完成时的否定结构为 hadn’t/had not been done
过去完成时的疑问结构为 had sb/sth done
二、用法
1.表达“过去的过去”:在一个事件发生前,已经发生的事情。通常放在复合句中,有一般过去时作为参照。
He had had breakfast before he came to school.
上学之前他已经吃了早饭了。
I suspect that she had already known what had happened before you told her.
我怀疑在你告诉她之前,她已经知道发生了什么事。
对比:Many years ago,Jane lived in the flat with her grandma for a long period of time.(出现时间段+ago的形式时,我们采用一般过去时。)
许多年前,简和她奶奶在公寓里住了很长一段时间。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①Mr Smith died yesterday.He 　　　　　　　(be) a good friend of mine.
②His parents 　　　　　　　(go) to bed when he came back home.
had been
had gone
2.表示从过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语,by the end of last/past+时间点等连用。
They had finished two-thirds of the project by the end of last month.
到上个月底,他们已经完成了项目的三分之二。
By the time you arrived in London,we had been in Europe for two weeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候,我们已经在欧洲两个礼拜了。
He said he had worked in that factory since 2008.
他说从2008年开始他就在那家工厂工作。
对比He has worked in that factory since 2008.(如果句子的上下文没有过去时的时态背景,出现类似since+时间点的形式时,我们采用现在完成时)
It was said that he had lived in the apartment for the last few decades.
据说过去几十年他一直住在那个公寓里。
对比:He has lived in the apartment for the last few decades. (如果句子的上下文没有过去时的时态背景,出现类似for the last few decades的时间状语时,我们采用现在完成时)
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①By nine o’clock last night,we 　　　　　　 (get) 200 pictures from the spaceship.
②I 　　　　　　　(be) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
③We 　　　　　　　　 (learn) over two thousand English words over the last few months.
had got
had been
had learned
3.用在hardly...when...,no sooner...than...,以及It was the first (second,etc) time (that)...等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①It was the first time that he 　　　　　　　(be) late for school.
②I had hardly opened the door when a cat 　　　　　(rush) into my house.
had been
rushed
4.虚拟语气
①if only,wish,as if,as though及would rather 引导的虚拟,表达与已发生过的事情相反的愿望
I would rather you hadn’t been abroad at all.
我宁愿你没有出过国。
I went to bed early last night,but I wish I hadn’t done so.
我昨晚很早睡,但我真希望我没有这么做。
②if引导的表达对过去事实的虚拟
I didn’t see your sister at the meeting.If she had been there,she would have met my brother.
我没有在会议上见到你妹妹。如果她去了那里,她一定能见到我弟弟。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①You didn’t let me drive.If we 　　　　　　　(drive) in turn,you wouldn’t have been so tired.
②This device operated well as though it _________________
(repair).
had driven
had been repaired