北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 2 Succes Section Ⅳ　Grammar 教学课件（共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
Unit 2　Success
Section Ⅳ　Grammar
画出句子中的动词-ing形式,并说明作何种成分(主语、宾语、表语、状语)
1.He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life.
2.This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.
being regarded 宾语;living 宾语
being a rich man 状语;doing anything 宾语
3.I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff than having ten years of being average.
4.Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top.
5.He paid little attention,stating he did not have time to go to see a doctor.
winning stuff,having,being 宾语
Doing what we do as athletes 主语
stating 状语
动词-ing形式
一、结构
doing以及它的变式:having done
否定结构:not doing;not having done
二、用法
1.作主语
Watching too much TV does harm to your eyes.
看太多电视对眼睛有害。
Being exposed to too much sunlight does harm to your skin.(过去分词无法直接作主语或者宾语,如果需要表达被动,要在过去分词前加上being)
过度暴露在阳光下对皮肤有害。
2.作宾语
在英语中,及物动词及介词后面加的都是宾语。
Sure,many people think that“success” means having millions in the bank or a well-paid job.
当然,许多人认为“成功”意味着银行里有数百万美元存款,或者有一份高薪的工作。
To protect our eyes from being hurt by the strong sunlight,we can wear sunglasses.
为了保护我们的眼睛不受强烈阳光的伤害,我们可以戴太阳镜。
一些动词后面加动词时,作宾语的动词采用doing的形式,例如:escape,appreciate,imagine,enjoy,finish,mention,suggest,allow,risk,recommend,advise,forbid,permit等。
He finally escaped being punished.
他最终逃脱了惩罚。
这当中有些动词,后面加动词作宾语时,也可用to do的形式,只是表达的意思不同。例如:
His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.
他父亲说他从未后悔送儿子出国留学。
We regret to tell you that your application has not been accepted.
我们很遗憾地告诉你,你的申请没有被接受。
类似的动词有:1.regret,remember,forget(这三个动词,如果要表达已发生的,用doing;表达未发生的用to do);2.mean(to do 打算做;doing 意味着)3.try (doing尝试;to do尽量)等。
还有一类动词,如allow,forbid,permit,advise,recommend等,直接加动词用doing,如果加上sb或者sth则跟to do的形式作宾补。
Sorry.We don’t allow smoking here.
Sorry.We don’t allow people to smoke here.
对不起,我们这里不允许吸烟。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①The government forbids 　　　　　　(publish) such bad books.
②We don’t permit students 　　　　　　　　　(wear) clothes other than school uniforms at school.
③She spends all morning 　　　　　　(check) numbers.
④She thinks 　　　　　　(study) French can help her in her job.
publishing
to wear
checking
studying
3.作表语
在doing形式作表语的结构中,要注意那些表达与人的情感相关的动词,因为这些动词(例如satisfy)除了用doing形式作表语,还可以用done的形式,学生容易混淆。例如:
His performance at school is disappointing to his parents.
他在学校的表现对他父母而言是令人失望的。
His parents feel disappointed at his performance at school.
他的父母对于他在学校的表现感到很失望。
doing形式通常可以翻译为“令人……的”;done的形式通常翻译为“感到……”
这类动词包括:amuse,delight,please,entertain,amaze, surprise,shock,astonish,scare,terrify,horrify,threaten,frighten,motivate,inspire,encourage,discourage,depress,frustrate,embarrass,excite,challenge,tire,bore等。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①His parents are 　　　　 　　(disappoint) to find he can’t live up to their expectations.
②He was 　　　　　　(amuse) by the performance and the performers were 　　　　　　(amuse).
disappointed
amused
amusing
4.作定语
doing作定语,通常表达与中心词之间主动或者正在进行的关系。
The girls walking by the bank are my friends.
走在岸边的那些女孩子是我的朋友。
如果是单个的doing形式作前置定语,既有可能表达与中心词之间主动或者正在进行的关系,也有可能表达目的:
a washing machine (a machine for washing) 洗衣机
a walking stick (a stick for walking) 拐杖
an ongoing project一个正在进行的项目
注意:一些短语,如 belong to,consist of,date back to 等没有被动语态,所以作后置定语时,采用doing的形式。
The house belonging to the scientist was burnt down last night.
属于这个科学家的房子昨晚烧毁了。
5.作状语
doing作状语,通常表达与主句之间主动或者伴随的关系,在句子中可作伴随状语、结果状语、条件状语、原因状语、目的状语等。
The team came back to the top,winning the 2019 World Cup.那个团队重回巅峰,赢得了2019年世界杯冠军。
Noticing that the teacher was upset,the students became quiet.
注意到老师不高兴,学生们变得安静了。
It rained heavily for a whole week,flooding many villages.
大雨下了整整一个星期,淹没了许多村庄。
Hearing the news,she couldn’t help crying.
听到这个消息,她忍不住哭了。
注意:如果选择having done的形式作状语,我们默认having done这个动作一定发生在主句谓语前。
Having finished the task,he went out to play happily.
完成了任务后,他高兴地出去玩了。
6.作宾补
①除了及物动词后面加的成分是宾语之外,介词后面加的也是宾语,在高中阶段,我们讨论最多的是with+宾语+宾补的结构。
We can’t focus on our study with them singing and dancing outside.
他们在外面又唱又跳,我们很难集中注意力学习。
②除了with结构,一些动词也常用宾语+宾补的结构,例如:感官类动词see、 watch、 notice、 hear、observe等。
在这些结构中,学生容易混淆宾语补足语为do及doing形式的区别。当宾语补足语的动作已经完成时,我们用do的形式,当宾语补足语的动作正在进行中时,我们用doing的形式。
例如:
I saw him cross the street.
我看见他过了马路。
I saw him playing by the beach.
我看见他正在沙滩上玩耍。
注意:第一句中的结构如果换成被动语态,会出现如下变化:
He was seen to cross the street.
③一些表达“使人做……;让人做……”的动词,在have/make/get/leave...+宾语+宾补的结构中,也用doing作宾补。
The boss makes the workers working nonstop.
老板让工人不停地工作。
Don’t leave the water running.
别忘了关水龙头。
注意:doing作定语、状语及补语的时候,与中心词之间均是主动的关系。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①Pliny described a cloud 　　　　　　(come) down from the mountain,　　　　　　(block) the sun and__________
(bury) everything in its path.
coming
blocking
burying
②With the final exam 　　　　　　(approach),every one is absorbed in their study,　　　　　　(forget) about computer games and 　　　　　　(abandon) the PE classes.
③It is the most 　　　　　　(excite) city in New Zealand with people of many different cultures 　　　　(live) there.
approaching
forgetting
abandoning
exciting
living